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National Metrology Technical Specification of the People's Republic of China JJE1188-2008
Terms and Their Definitions for Radio Measurement
Terms and Their Definitions for Radio Measurement2008-02-20Promulgated
Implementation on 2008-05-20
Promulgated by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine JJF11882008
Terms and Their
Definitjons for Radio Measurement JJF1188—2008
This specification was approved by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine on February 20, 2008, and came into effect on May 20, 2008.
Responsible unit: National Radio Metrology Technical Committee Main drafting unit: China Institute of Metrology Participating drafting units: China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute Third Institute of China Electronics Technology Group
Medical Electromagnetic Metrology and Testing Research Center of the PLA Ministry of Information Industry Communications Metrology Center
This specification is interpreted by the National Radio Metrology Technical Committee. Main drafters of this specification:
JJF1188—2008
He Zhao (China Institute of Metrology)
Teng Junheng (China Institute of Metrology) Cai Xinquan
Additional drafters:
Zhang Guanhan (China China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute) Gao Qiulai (China Institute of Metrology) Xie Ming (China Institute of Metrology)
Li Zhixian (China Electronics Technology Group Corporation Third Research Institute) Jia Jiange (Military Medical Electromagnetic Metrology and Testing Research Center) Guo Heng (Communication Metrology Center of Ministry of Information Industry) 1
Basic terms,
Voltage·
Track impedance·
Lumped parameter impedance
Phase·
Electromagnetic compatibility
Video parameter
Physiological electrical parameters
Communication parameters
Chinese index
English index
JJF 1188--2008
JJF1188-2008
Radio measurement
Terms and definitions
Notes
1 Basic terms
1.1 Time domain measurementtimedomainmeasurementNon-frequency measurementMeasurement of the signal amplitude changing with time. Including signal waveform measurement and measurement of the time response characteristics of the measured object. 1.2 Frequency domain measurementfrequencydomain
Measurement of the signal amplitude changing with frequencyMeasurement of the frequency response characteristics of the measured object. 1.3 Data domain measurementdatadommmeasurementMeasurement of the time state of the signal data stream. For example, logic analysis, etc. Lin Lijin Electric
1.4 Modulation domain measurement modulationdomainmeasuremen signal frequency
Measurement of time interval or phase changing with time 1.5 Frequency characteristic frequencycharadteristic98
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The relationship between the measured object and the frequency. Frequency characteristics include amplitude-frequency characteristics and phase-frequency characteristics. 1.6 Response characteristics
fesponse characteristicsistil
Under certain conditions, the relationship between stimulus and corresponding response 1.7 Selectivity
selectivity
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Characterizes the ability of the measuring device to distinguish the signal of the required frequency from the interference signals of other frequencies. For the receiver, selectivity is the ability of the receiver to select the required signal from many signals of different frequencies. 1.8 Real-time measurement: In the actual time when the measured process occurs, all the required original test data are collected (or after a period of storage), and then various required measurement results are given through data processing. 1.9 Reflection parameter: Parameters used to describe the reflection characteristics of the network port. In addition to impedance, the reflection loss (LR) and voltage-to-wave ratio (VSWR) are also used to describe the reflection characteristics. 1.10 Transmission parameter: Parameters used to describe the impact of the network on the passing product. Parameters that describe amplitude changes include attenuation, loss, reflection coefficient (T), return, efficiency, etc. Parameters that describe phase changes include phase shift, group delay, etc. Parameters that describe noise changes include noise coefficient, etc. 1.11 Resonance parameter resonanceparameter is a parameter used to describe some characteristics of the network (or loop) when it resonates. The main ones are resonant frequency Q value (loaded or unloaded Q value), bandwidth, etc.
1.12 Transverse electromagnetic wave transverseelectromagnetic wave is also called TEM wave. It is an electromagnetic wave in which the electric field component and the magnetic field component are perpendicular to each other and are perpendicular to the propagation direction. 1.13 Plane electromagnetic wave planeelectromagnetic wave is also called plane wave, which is an electromagnetic wave with a plane wavefront. JJF 1188—2008
1. 14 Propagation constant propagation ronstant is a characteristic quantity that represents the amplitude reduction and phase change degree of the electromagnetic wave when it is traveling, expressed as 7. The propagation constant consists of two parts: the attenuation constant and the phase constant, that is, =α+. For a lossless transmission line, α is: 7-je.
1.15 Attenuation constant The attenuation constant represents the attenuation of the electromagnetic wave per unit length when it travels, represented by a, with a unit of B/m. 1.16 Phase constant The phase constantbzxZ.net
represents the phase change of the electromagnetic wave per unit length when it travels, represented by d/m, with a unit of d/m. Since the phase delay of an electromagnetic wave traveling one wavelength is 2 degrees, the phase constant can be expressed as -2 degrees/>. 1.17 Phase velocity
The speed at which the equal phase point on the electromagnetic wave travels in the propagation direction. l,1 Cutoff frequency cutofffrequency
① In the transmission line, the frequency that makes the electromagnetic wave propagation direction zero. Electromagnetic waves above the cutoff frequency can propagate in the transmission line, otherwise they will be "cut off". For each shape in the dispersion wave transmission line, there is a different cutoff frequency. ② The limit operating frequency of the device. Beyond this frequency, the performance of the device begins to change rapidly and cannot be used, so it is called the critical frequency.
1.19 Cutoff wavelength In the transmission line, the number of wavelengths in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave is the wavelength of the palm. Electromagnetic waves with a wavelength less than the cutoff wavelength can propagate in the transmission, otherwise they are "cut off". For a dispersionless wave transmission line, the cutoff wavelength is infinite. For each shape in the dispersion wave transmission line, there is a different cutoff wavelength. 1.20 Waveguide cutoff frequency Waveguide cutoff frequency is also called critical frequency. The lower limit of the frequency at which an electromagnetic wave of a certain waveform can propagate along the waveguide. Its value depends on the geometric shape of the waveguide cross section and the shape of the electromagnetic wave propagating in it. 1.21 Cutoff waveguide eutoff waveguide is a waveguide with a cutoff wavelength greater than the working length.
The amplitude of an electromagnetic wave of a certain waveform decays exponentially in the cutoff waveguide. Cut-off guides are often used to make cut-off attenuators.
1.22 Guide wavelength The distance traveled by the electric field phase change of 2 radians in the propagation direction of the transmission line is called the guide wavelength. For two-wire transmission lines and coaxial transmission lines that transmit EM waves, the guide wavelength is equal to the wavelength of free space. In the guide, the guide wavelength is greater than the wavelength of free space. 1.23 Waveguide wavelength waveguide wavelength The guide wavelength of the guide.
l.24 wave impedance waveimpedance
The ratio of the transverse electric field strength to the transverse magnetic field strength of the electromagnetic wave, in units. 1.25 Transmission line, also known as long line, is a structure that can transmit electrical signals, and its length is comparable to or much greater than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted. There are many types of transmission lines, such as double-wire, coaxial line, rectangular waveguide, circular waveguide, microstrip line, optical fiber, etc. 1.26 lossless transmission line loss-less transmission line is an ideal transmission line with no energy loss. The equivalent circuit of the lossless transmission line only contains distributed inductance and distributed capacitance, and there is no distributed parallel resistance and distributed parallel conductance. For lossless transmission lines, the characteristic impedance is a real number, the propagation constant is -, and the attenuation constant is α0. 1.27 Waveguide
A hollow metal tube with a specified cross-sectional shape (such as a rectangle or a circle) that is specifically used to transmit electromagnetic waves inside it.
1.28 Coaxial line
A transmission line composed of a metal rod as an inner conductor and a metal tube as an outer conductor, and the inner conductor is placed concentrically in the center of the outer conductor metal tube.
The coaxial lines used for transmission include coaxial cables and dielectric coaxial lines. The main mode transmitted in the coaxial line is the electromagnetic wave, and the characteristic impedance is 500 or 75.
1.29 Dielectric waveguide Dielectric waveguide A waveguide made of dielectric materials. Dielectric waveguides include mirror line and non-radiating dielectric waveguides. l.30 Fundamental mode Fundamental mode
Also called the main mode. The maximum cutoff wavelength of electromagnetic waves that can be transmitted by the transmission line, that is, the lowest mode. For example, the main mode of a rectangular waveguide is a TE wave.
1.31 Higher-order mode higher-order mode
All other modes of waveform except the main mode are collectively referred to as higher-order modes. 1.32 Discontinuity in transmission line In the transmission line, it will cause disturbance or distortion of the uniform field structure, reflection of transmission energy or excitation of undesirable higher-order waves, uneven components or sudden changes in the structure or medium of the transmission line itself. 1.33 Reflection
A wave moving forward, part or all of the wave on the propagation path returns to the original state. 1.34 Matching
The state in which one impedance is equal to another impedance. 1.35 Conjugate matching
The state in which one impedance is equal to the complex conjugate of another impedance. Conjugate matching is the condition for obtaining the power output of the signal source.
1.36 Mismatch
The state where two impedances are not equal, that is, mismatch. l. 37 Network parameter network parameter is a set of parameters that represent the relationship between the end variables on the network reference plane. Network parameters are determined by the characteristics of the network itself and can be used to completely describe the network. According to different end variables, network parameters are divided into impedance parameters, admittance parameters, 1 parameters and scattering parameters. Impedance parameters and admittance parameters are commonly used in low-frequency network analysis. Parameters are commonly used in transistor circuit analysis. Scattering parameters are commonly used in microwave network analysis.
JJE11882008
1.38 Scattering parameter scatteringparameter is also called s parameter. A set of network parameters with the incident wave amplitude a and the output wave amplitude b on the network reference plane as end variables. The scattering parameters of the two-port network are S11, S12, 521 and 322. The scattering equation is: bS1ai+saaa2
the solution of the scattering equation is: Tiangan Chengbao Xinggeng Yangshi
Reference plane 2biu89vaw Zaonianyan
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Port network scattering set
Also known as arm, the entrance or exit of an electronic device or network, used to add or take out energy, a terminal convex contains two terminals
or network changes. A
1.40 reference plane reece plane
Observe or measure the device
Define the network parameter The selected terminal variable is located on the surface. For different reference planes of the same network, the network presents different characteristics, so the network parameters are also different. 1.41 incident wave
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traveling wave transmitted from the signal source to the load end on the transmission line, or a traveling wave that enters the network from the outside at the reference plane of the network port.
1.42 reflected wave
traveling wave transmitted to the signal source end caused by continuity or mismatched terminals on the transmission line
1.43 emitted wave
traveling wave transmitted from the inside of the network to the outside at the reference plane of the network port. 1.44 spectrum
a signal that changes with time
the energy of the fundamental component and each harmonic component is arranged in the order of their frequency.
The spectrum of a periodic signal is composed of a group of scattered lines, called a high dispersion or line spectrum. The spectrum of non-periodic signal AMETRO
is a continuous spectrum.
1.45 Spectral purity spectrumpurity
The spectrum of sine wave signal contains harmonics, subharmonics, clutter, FM and AM noise, residual FM and residual AM components in addition to the carrier. Its size is usually measured by how many decibels a certain clutter is lower than the carrier, and the unit symbol is dBc. For the amplitude noise and phase noise generated by random parasitic AM and parasitic FM (phase modulation), the noise power in each Hz bandwidth is measured by how many decibels lower than the carrier power, and the unit symbol is dB/Hz. 1.46 Frequency pulling frequency pulling push Kang
The change of oscillator frequency caused by the change of load impedance 1.47 Skin effect skineffect
JJF1188-2008
Also known as skin effect. The effect of the effective resistance of a conductor increasing with the increase of frequency due to the current flowing through the surface or surface layer of the conductor.
2.1 Voltage woltage
The work done by the electric field force when a unit positive charge moves from point α to point α in an electric field. 2.2 Instantaneous value instantaneous value
The value of the alternating voltage at a certain moment is called the instantaneous value at that moment. 2.3 Peak value peak value
The maximum value reached by the alternating voltage u(t) within the observed time T. 2. 4 Peak to peak peak to peak
The sum of the absolute values of the positive peak and negative peak of the alternating voltage. 2.5 Average value avcrage value
The average value of the alternating voltage () within the observed time. 2. 6 RMS root mtan square The root mean square value of the alternating voltage u(t) within the time period T. 2.7 Crest factor crest factor The ratio of the peak value to the effective value of voltage.
2.& Wave factor wave factor The ratio of the effective value to the average value of voltage.
2.9 Neutralization factor The ratio of the peak value to the average value of voltage.
2.10 Open circuit voltage open circuit voltage The output voltage when the signal source is not connected to a load. 2.11 Thermoelectric converter thermal voltage converter It is a voltage converter that converts the effective value of AC voltage into DC voltage measurement. Usually vacuum heat is used as the thermoelectric conversion element. According to its structure, it can be divided into single thermocouple converter, dual thermocouple converter and coaxial thermoelectric converter.
2.12 RF-DC difference rf-dc difference is also called AC-DC difference. It refers to the relative difference between the applied RF and DC currents under the same thermocouple output. 2.13 Voltage level valtage level
The ratio of a certain voltage to an arbitrarily specified reference voltage, expressed in the logarithmic form of the ratio. For example, if the reference voltage is 1 volt, then the voltage level of 1 volt can be expressed as dBv. 2.14 Voltage standard by bolometric bridge voltage standard by bolometric bridge A voltage measurement standard device that uses the same characteristics as the resistance change caused by the addition of high-frequency power to a bolometric device, which is the same as the resistance change caused by the equivalent direct current or low-frequency power. 2.15 Signal generator sigtal generator Any device that can generate a test signal that meets certain requirements. 5
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2.16 Calibration receiver calibration receiver A measuring instrument used to measure and calibrate the voltage level, power level, attenuation, modulation, etc. of the signal output signal of a signal generator. Often used as a level and attenuation measurement standard device. 2.17 Spectrum analyzer spectrum analyzer A measuring instrument that displays the energy distribution of a signal as a function of frequency. In addition to general spectrum analysis, it can also be used to measure narrow pulses, RF pulses, phase noise, distortion and modulation, electromagnetic interference, digital modulation signals and many other aspects. 3 Modulation
3.1 Modulation
The process of using a higher frequency electromagnetic wave to carry lower frequency information is called modulation. The lower frequency information carried is called the modulating signal: the high frequency electromagnetic wave signal used to carry the signal is called the carrier: the high frequency carrying the modulation information is called the modulated wave. 3.2 Demodulation
The process of extracting the modulated signal from the modulated wave. 3. 3 Modulation depth The degree of modulation of the modulated signal on the carrier signal. 3.4 Amplitude modulation The modulation method in which the amplitude of the carrier changes with the modulating signal. 3.5 Amplitude modulation depth The ratio of the amplitude of the modulating signal to the amplitude of the carrier signal. 3.6 Effective amplitude modulation depth The ratio of the peak value of the fundamental component to the true current component in the output modulation signal after the modulated signal is sent to the input of the linear detector.
3.7 Amplitude modulation sensitivity The modulation voltage required to produce a unit amplitude modulation. 3.8 Inherent spurious amplitude madulation The amplitude modulation indication when the modulation index meter measures the modulated carrier signal. 3.9 Frequency modulation The modulation method in which the frequency of the carrier changes with the modulation signal. 3,lu Frequency deviation
The maximum deviation of the instantaneous frequency of the FM wave relative to the carrier frequency. 3.ll Effective frequency deviation The frequency deviation value corresponding to the fundamental component in the modulation signal obtained from the output of the linear frequency detector in the case of FM distortion.
3.12 Frequency modulation sensitivity The frequency deviation value generated by each volt of modulation voltage during FM. 3.13 Inherent spurious frequency deviation6
JJF 1188—2008
Refers to the spurious frequency deviation contained in the output signal of the signal generator in the unmodulated state, or the frequency deviation caused by the parasitic frequency modulation of the frequency deviation measuring instrument, the interference of the power supply and the internal noise of the instrument during the signal demodulation process. 3.14 Phase modulation
Modulation method in which the phase of the carrier changes with the amplitude of the modulating signal. 3.15 Phase deviation
The maximum instantaneous phase deviation of the phase modulated wave.
3.16 Spurious modulation refers to a kind of modulation "added" to the carrier signal. 3.17 Accompanied modulation refers to the frequency modulation caused by amplitude modulation, the amplitude modulation caused by frequency modulation or phase modulation, and the phase modulation caused by amplitude modulation. 3.18 Intermodulation refers to the modulation phenomenon that after two or more signals are mixed in a nonlinear element, a new frequency signal is generated at the input signal frequency or the sum and difference of their spectrum frequencies. 3.19 Cross modulation Cross modulation Modulation of the signal carrier by the interference signal. It is a kind of intermodulation. 4 Distortion
4.1 Distortion
The distortion of signal characteristics.
4.2 Linear distortion linear disturtion Distortion caused by the change of the signal-conducting spectrum composition relationship caused by the different responses of linear elements in the circuit to the frequencies contained in the signal. It includes frequency distortion and phase distortion. d.3 Nonlinear distortion nonlinear distartion is also called wave distortion. The nonlinear element in the transmission network causes the output signal to contain frequency components that are not in the input signal, causing distortion.
4.4 Distortion factor The distortion factor of nonlinear distortion is the square root of the ratio of all harmonic energy to the fundamental harmonic energy. When the load is pure resistance, it can be defined as the percentage of the effective value of all harmonic voltages to the effective value of the fundamental voltage.
4. 5 Bottom value of distortion meter The maximum starting indication value of the distortion meter when the input end is short-circuited. 4.6 Distortion introduced by instrument The residual fundamental voltage that exists due to the insufficient suppression depth of the fundamental suppressor of the distortion meter, the inherent noise of the distortion meter and the nonlinear distortion introduced by the distortion meter's own circuit. It is an indicator that characterizes the lower limit of the distortion meter's range. 4.7 Intermodulation distortion The signal distortion caused by two signals with a frequency of , passing through a nonlinear system at the same time, causing the spectral components of the original signal to change.
4,8 Modulation distortion modulation tistortion7
JF 1188--2008
The distortion of the modulation information caused in the modulation process. 4.9 EUDIOAALYZER
Audio test instrument usually composed of a low-distortion signal source and a signal analyzer. Usually covers a frequency range of 20Hz to 100kHz. It can measure the fundamental component and each harmonic component separately, and perform distortion analysis, frequency counting, AC level, DC level, signal-to-noise ratio, etc. 5 Power
5.1 Power
The work completed per unit time. The unit is "watt" and the symbol is W. 1 watt represents the power required to complete 1 joule of work in 1 second.
5.2 Power Level
The ratio of a certain power value to an arbitrarily specified reference power, the power expressed in the logarithmic form of the ratio. For example, if the reference power is 1mW, then the power level of 1mW can be expressed as 0dBm, and the power level of 10uW can be expressed as 20dBm
5.3 Available power
Also known as usable power. The maximum power output from the signal source to the load obtained when the signal source impedance is complex conjugate with the load impedance.
5.1 Generator power generatorpower
In a measurement system with a characteristic impedance of 2.5A non-reflective load directly connected to a signal source, the power transmitted by the signal source to the non-reflective load. 5.5 Incident power incident rower
The power radiated by the signal source to any load. 5.6 Reflected power reflectedpower
The power reflected by the load.
5.7 Net power net power
The power absorbed by the load.
5.8 Single directional coupler comparison method The single directional coupler comparison method uses a directional coupler and a power detector to form an automatic amplitude stabilization loop to obtain an equivalent signal source with a low reflection coefficient, and implements a method of power calibration using the comparison method. In this method, the reflection coefficient of the equivalent signal source is independent of the characteristics of the signal source itself. By selecting the characteristics of the directional coupler, the mismatch can be reduced. 5.9 RF power meter RF power meter || tt || An instrument for measuring RF power consisting of a power mount and a power indicator. 5.lo efficiency of power mount efficiency of power mount The ratio of the power P absorbed by the sensitive element of the power mount to the power P absorbed by the mount. 5, ll effective efficiency of power mount The ratio of the DC replacement power P on the sensitive element of the power mount to the power P absorbed by the mount. 5.12 calibration factor of power mount calibration factor of power mount The ratio of the DC replacement power P on the sensitive element of the power mount to the power P incident on the mount.
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