Metallic and other inorganic coatings-Thermal spraying-Zinc、aluminium and their alloys
Some standard content:
GB/T 9793-- 1997
This standard is equivalent to ISO2063:1991 "1% gold chips and other inorganic coatings thermal spraying zinc, aluminum and their alloys", and the writing rules are in accordance with GB/T 1.1-1993.
Compared with ISO2063:1991, this standard has more reference standards. This is because my country has formulated more supporting standards than ISO2063. These standards are basically formulated with reference to the versions of foreign advanced standards, such as GB11373-89 (with reference to DJN8576-84) JB/T8127-96 (with reference to BS5493-1977 and BS4479:1966), etc. The use of the numbers of the above supporting standards makes this standard more operable and convenient for users.
In addition, this standard does not adopt the "*Introduction" in IS02063:1991 because the reference standards of this standard are The definition of dry hot spraying and the provisions on coating thickness have already included the contents of IS02063:1991. There is no need to repeat. This standard will replace the following four national standards from the date of its release and implementation in July, namely: GB9793-88 Thermal spraying zinc and zinc alloy coatings GB9794-88 Test methods for thermal spraying zinc and zinc alloy coatings GB9795-88 Thermal spraying aluminum and aluminum alloy coatings (GB9796-88 Test methods for thermal spraying aluminum and aluminum alloy coatings). This standard is based on the contents of IS02063:1991 and no longer includes the contents of the above four national standards on corrosion resistance, density and high oxidation resistance and their test methods.
Appendix A of this standard It is the appendix of the standard, and Appendix B of this standard is the indicative appendix.
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Machinery Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Metallic and Non-metallic Coatings. The responsible drafting unit of this standard is: Wuhan Institute of Materials Protection of the Ministry of Machinery Industry. The main drafters of this standard are: Hu Youquan, Li Bingzhong, Zhang Haicheng, Dong Zhihong, and Hu Jianken. GB/T9793—1997
ISO Foreword
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is a global federation of national standard promotion bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of formulating international standards is generally carried out through ISO technical committees. If each member body is interested in a topic determined by a technical committee, it has the right to make a statement to the committee. Contact with ISO International organizations, both governmental and non-governmental, may also participate in the work. IS works closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in all aspects of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft international standards approved by the technical committee are sent to member groups for voting before being adopted as international standards by the ISO Council. According to the ISO procedure, at least 755% of the member groups participating in the voting must approve them before they are published as international standards. International Standard IS02063 was prepared by SC5: Metal Spraying Subcommittee of ISO/TC107 Technical Committee on Metallic and Other Inorganic Coatings.
This second edition replaces and cancels the first edition 1SC) 2063: 1973). It is a technical revision of the first edition. Appendix A is an integral part of this international standard. Appendix B is only for information. 1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Metallic and other inorganic coatings-Thermalspraying-Zinc, al uninium and their alloys
Mctallic and other inorganig coatings-Thermalspraying-Zinc, al uninium and their alloysGB/T9793—1997
eqv IS0 2063:1991
Generation GB 9793 --9796 88
This standard specifies the characteristics and test methods of thermally sprayed zinc, lead and their alloy coatings for corrosion protection. This standard is applicable to the application of thermally sprayed zinc, lead and their alloy coatings on steel surfaces for corrosion protection. This standard is not applicable to the repair of damaged surfaces. It is also not applicable to other metal coatings other than thermally sprayed zinc, aluminum and their alloys: However, some of the provisions are also valid for other metal coatings and can be adopted if the supply and demand parties agree through consultation. 2 Cited standards
The clauses contained in the following standards constitute the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB470-83 Zinc classification and technical conditions
GB1031-1995 Surface roughness parameters and their values (nelIS0468-1982) GB3190--82 Chemical composition of aluminum and alloy processed products GB4956-85 Magnetic method for measuring the thickness of non-magnetic coatings on magnetic metal substrates (egVISO2178--1982) GB6462-86 Microscope of cross-sectional thickness of metal and oxide coatings Microscope test method (cqVISV1463-1982) G136819-85 Dissolved acetylene
GB8923-88 Rust grade and rust removal grade of steel surface before painting (cqVISO8501/1-1988) GB1137389 General rules for surface pretreatment of thermal sprayed metal parts (eDIN8567-1984) Non-photographic measurement method for thermal spray coating thickness (nerIS02064-1990) GH 11374—89
GB 11375—89
Safety of thermal spraying operation
JB/T5077:91 Commonly used techniques for thermal spraying
IB/T6973-93 Requirements for assessment of thermal spraying operatorsJB/T8427-96 Selection and application guide for thermal spraying zinc, aluminum and alloy coatings for corrosion protection of steel structures3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions in GB11374:3.1 Main surface
The surface that must be sprayed according to the requirements of use and appearance includes the surface that has been sprayed and the surface to be cleaned.3.2 Measuring surface
The area to be measured on the main surface. For non-destructive methods, it is the area of the probe or the area that affects the reading! National Technical Supervision Standard Drawing 1907.07_25 Approval 100002_01 Word #
3.3 Base surface
GB/T 9793—1997
The area on the main surface where the coating thickness is measured once. 3.4 Local thickness
The average value of the coating thickness measured a specified number of times on the reference surface. 3.5 Minimum local thickness
The minimum value of the local thicknesses measured on the main surface of a workpiece1. 4 Ways to make requirements
When requiring the workpiece to be thermally sprayed according to this standard, the user should not only propose the standard number of this standard, but also refer to the use environment in J1/T8427 to propose the main surface of the coated metal and the minimum local thickness of the coating recommended in the typical environment. 5 Classification
The Zn, Al and Zn-Al alloy coatings recommended in this standard are classified according to the total thickness. The classification list of coatings is 1. Table 1 Classification of Metal Coatings
This classification gives the required thickness values for Zn, Al and -Al alloy coatings. The sample values may also be used after approval by both parties. The code for each coating is composed of the element symbol of the metal (2n-Zinc, Al-Pb) followed by a small local thickness. bZxz.net
7.in-A115
micrometers"
1 Alloy coatings are composed of the symbol of each alloy element followed by a number indicating the mass percentage of the element in the alloy, such as: a Zn-Al alloy coating containing 8557m.15%Al and a thickness of 120um is coded as (Z1-Al15)120. Brackets are essential for identifying the alloy composition. If the code for the alloy coating used has appeared in other Cs, this code may also be used: such as an alloy coating containing 95%Al1,5%M and a thickness of 150um , the code is set as (GB3190LF5)150. 2) The international system of units is adopted to ensure consistency with the statutory units implemented in my country. 3) When the supplier and the buyer negotiate the coating thickness, they should pay special attention to the selection of thermal spraying technology, sealants and coatings and their test methods that can achieve uniform thickness.
1) If the coating can meet the performance requirements specified in this standard, after negotiation and approval by the supplier and the buyer, a larger "minimum local thickness" can be selected. For example, the part outside the dotted line in this length.
6 Process
6.1 Surface pretreatment of workpieces
Appearance, to achieve complete cleaning and roughness.
6.1.1 Surface condition of workpieces before spraying
GB/T 9793-1997
Before spraying, the surface of the workpiece should be very dry, free of dust, grease, dirt, rust and other pollution including soluble salts. 6.1.2 Roughness test
In all cases, the roughness of the workpiece surface after sandblasting shall be checked with a reference sample. The material of the reference sample shall be consistent with the workpiece and shall be prepared according to the requirements agreed upon by the supplier and the buyer. 6.1.3 Abrasives for sandblasting
Unless otherwise specified, the following abrasives can be used for sandblasting in the above table: chilled low-phosphorus iron sand and corundum sand.
In some cases, other abrasives may be used after negotiation between the two parties if they do not violate the relevant safety and environmental protection regulations, but they shall achieve sufficient roughness to ensure the bonding strength of the coating. 6.1.4 Abrasive particle size
Abrasive particles are generally 0.5~1.5mm
6.1.5 Abrasive and air for sandblasting
Abrasives should be clean and dry, especially oil and volatile salts. Compressed air used for sandblasting should also be clean and dry to avoid contamination of abrasives and T-piece surfaces.
6.1.6 Workpiece surface cleanliness
After sandblasting, the cleanliness of the workpiece surface should be compared with the \Sa3\ level picture in GB8923-88. 6.2 Spraying materials
Metallic materials for spraying shall meet the following requirements: zinc shall meet the quality requirements of 2n-1 in GB47083, Zu ≥ 99.99%; aluminum shall meet the quality requirements of L2 in GB 3190-82, A1 = 99.5%; the zinc content in zinc alloy shall meet the quality requirements of Zn-1 in GB470·83, that is, Zn99.99; the aluminum content shall meet the quality requirements of L1 in GB3190--82, that is, A199.7, and the alloy composition shall be expressed as in Note 1 in Table 1. Unless otherwise specified, the allowable deviation of the metal in the alloy is 1% above the specified value. Different proportions of zinc-aluminum alloys can also be selected, such as 87 Zn-13%A to 65%Zn35%Al (the typical zinc-aluminum alloy is 85%Zn-15%A1). At the same time, the corresponding alloy code should be used. Aluminum alloy can use LF5 in GB319082, that is, lead alloy containing 5% Mg: its code is A1Mg5 or GB 3190:1.F5
6.3 Thermal spraying
Thermal spraying should be carried out as soon as possible after sandblasting the workpiece surface. During the spraying process, the workpiece surface should always be kept clean, dry and free of visible oxidation.
6.3.1 Time to spray
It should be as short as possible according to the regional conditions, and the longest should not exceed 1 hour. 6.3.2 Ambient temperature of the spraying path
When the surface of the workpiece to be sprayed is in a condensation state, spraying cannot be carried out. The temperature of the surface of the workpiece to be sprayed should be kept above the dew point and at least 3T higher than the dew point temperature before spraying. 6.3.3 Coating defects
If obvious defects are found in the appearance of the coating during spraying, spraying should be stopped immediately, and the defective parts must be re-sandblasted according to 6.1.
6.4 Sealing or painting
6.4.1 Sealing
The purpose of sealing the metal coating is to block the pores of the coating as much as possible and fill the pits to extend the service life of the coating. 6.4.2*tr
GB/T 9793—1997
In normal environment, the pores of the metal coating are sealed by natural ammoniation of the metal coating. The prerequisite is that the oxides, hydroxides and (or) alkaline salts formed will not dissolve in the environment. 6.4.3 Artificial sealing
Artificial sealing is achieved by chemically converting the surface of the metal coating (phosphating, active coating coating, etc.) or selecting an appropriate coating system for sealing.
6.4.4 Painting
For the purpose of aesthetics or to extend the service life of the protective system, the sealed or unsealed metal coating can be painted. 6.4.5 Painting is not recommended after natural sealing.
6.4.6 Compatibility
Whether the metal coating is sealed or not, the coating system shall be compatible with the metal coating or sealer, easy to maintain and able to maintain the requirements of the working environment for a long time.
7 Performance requirements
7.1 Thickness
The thickness of the thermal spray coating shall be determined by its minimum local thickness (see 3.5). The method of measuring the thickness of the thermal spray coating, the measurement location and the number of times shall be determined by the supplier and the supplier. 7:1.1 Coatings with an area between 1 cm2 and 1 m2 When the coating area is between 1.cm2 and 1 m2, the local thickness at any given point shall be the coating thickness measured on a base surface of approximately 1 cm.
Since various methods suitable for measuring coating thickness are implemented on measuring surfaces of different sizes, the following methods are used to determine the local thickness of any part of the coating (see Table 2): When the measuring surface is not less than 1 cm2, only one measurement is made: When a microscope is used to measure straight lines and curves on the cross section of the coating, ten measurements should be made evenly within a distance of 1 to 2 cm, and the arithmetic mean should be taken.
When the diameter of the measuring surface is greater than 5 mm, one measurement is made. When the diameter of the measuring surface is between 3 and 5 mm, three measurements should be made within 1 cm, and the arithmetic mean should be taken; when the diameter of the measuring surface is less than 3 mm, three measurements should be made within 1 cm\, and the arithmetic mean should be taken: When the point measurement method is used, five measurements should be made within 1 cm2, and the arithmetic mean should be taken. 7.1.2 Coatings with large areas\1m2
When the coating area is larger than 1m2, the local thickness of the coating at any given location shall be measured on a reference plane of about 1dm. Since the various methods suitable for measuring the thickness of the parent coating are implemented on measuring surfaces of different sizes, the following method is specified for measuring the local thickness of any given location:
When the measuring surface is not less than 1dm\, make one measurement. When the measuring surface is a point, or when the measuring area is between a point and a few square centimeters, make ten measurements within the 1dm reference plane as shown in Figure 1, and take the arithmetic mean.
7.1.3 Thickness measurement position
In order to determine the minimum local thickness of the coating, the local thickness of the coating shall be measured at the location where the coating thickness is likely to be the thinnest. The measurement position and number of times may be agreed upon by the parties concerned and specified in the agreement. It is recommended that the measurement position should be selected as far as possible in accordance with the provisions of the relevant product standards. When the parties to the agreement do not have any provisions, the measurement position and number of times shall be selected in accordance with the provisions of GB11374. 7.1.4 Measurement method
In all cases, the coating thickness may be measured by the magnetic method (see 8.1.2). The coating thickness values provided must be the arithmetic mean.
GB/9793-1997
Table 2 Conventional measurement positions and times for measuring local thickness at a given point
One measurement
Equal measurements within a distance of 1 to 2 cm
Arithmetic mean of ten measurements
One measurement
Arithmetic mean of two measurements
Arithmetic mean of three measurements
Arithmetic mean of five measurements
Local thickness; minimum thickness measurement within a reference plane of approximately 1 cm* Dimensions of reference plane used for the test method
Measurement surface greater than rm
Linear measurement on a microscopic cross section of the coating
Diameter of the measurement surface between 5 and 10 mmDiameter of the measurement surface between 3 and 5 mmDiameter of the measurement surface less than 3 mm mm
Measurement surface is point
7.2 Appearance
GB/T 9793—1997
Figure 1 Distribution of measurement points in the reference plane 1dm\ The coating appearance should be uniform, without pores or spots of exposed substrate, without unattached or loosely attached metal substrate molten particles and cutting defects that affect the service life and application of the coating
7.3 Bonding
After the test in accordance with 8.2, if there is no peeling of the coating from the substrate or separation between the metal coating layers, the bonding strength test is considered to be qualified. 8 Test method
8.1 Thickness measurement
8.1.1 Thickness measurement method and scope of application
8.1.1.1 The magnetic measurement method has the advantages of non-destructive, rapid and direct measurement of any part of any surface to be measured. In addition, the properties of the coating (Zn, AI) sprayed on the steel substrate and its standard thickness are conducive to the method to achieve satisfactory measurement accuracy. Therefore, for a given specimen, as long as the magnetic thickness gauge is correctly calibrated in accordance with the provisions of this standard and the agreement between the supplier and the buyer, the magnetic gauge can provide valid and accurate acceptance inspection results. 8.1.1.2 The cross-sectional microscopy method can be used as a reference method for testing the thickness of metal coatings. In view of the geometric irregularities of the interface between the base metal and the coating metal surface, it is difficult to correctly perform microscopic measurements of metal coatings and it is impossible to obtain the required accuracy. Therefore, this method should only be used after prior agreement between the two parties and the test should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of 8.1.3. 8.1.2 Magnetic measurement
Test according to the provisions of GB4956.
8.1.3 Cross-sectional microscope measurement
In principle, cut the sample and prepare the test specimen according to the provisions of GB6462. Measure the coating on the cross section under a microscope. Note: To prevent the coating from peeling off from the substrate and the near edge, the sample must be fixed with a suitable fixing material, such as plastic or a low-melting-point material. The inspection surface must be carefully polished with a suitable polishing agent. Each sample should be measured ten times, and the measurement points must be evenly distributed on one side of the test, and measured on a cross section with a side length of about 20) mm, and the arithmetic average value is calculated.
8.2 Strength test
Select the combined frequency test method and organize the test results according to the agreement of both parties. For specific methods, see Appendix A (Appendix to the standard).
Grid test
A1.1 Principle
GB/T 97931997
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Test method for bonding strength
Cut the coating to the substrate to form a square extrusion with a given size. The coating should not peel off. A1.2 Apparatus
A cutting tool with a hard edge, the shape of which is shown in Figure A1. Side view
Figure 41 Cutting tool
A1.3 Operation
Use the tool specified in Figure A1 to cut the cut marks of the size specified in Table A1. The layer must be cut to the substrate metal. Front
If possible, after cutting into a grid, use a suitable adhesive tape agreed upon by both parties, use a roller to apply a load of 5N to press the adhesive tape on this part of the coating, and then quickly pull the adhesive tape apart along the force direction perpendicular to the coating surface. If this method cannot be used, the method for measuring the bonding strength of the coating must be agreed upon by both parties. Table A1 Grid dimensions Approximate surface of grid covered 15 mm × 15 mm 25 m × 25 m 4 1.4 Interpretation of results Thickness of material to be inspected Distance of scratch Nearly straight coating Scratch from the entire coating or if part of the coating is removed from the coating and the rest is adhered to the adhesive tape, the damage occurs between the removed layers and not at the interface between the coating and the substrate, then it is considered qualified. A2 Tensile test Use a cutting tool to cut the coated metal along a circle, the diameter of which is the same as the diameter of the test piece. Clean the test surface carefully. Adhere the circle to the coating with adhesive. The bonding force of the adhesive used to the coating should be greater than the bonding force between the coating and the base metal. Before applying the adhesive, cover the coating with an etching paint and penetrate into the pores of the coating to prevent the adhesive from penetrating into the substrate. After the adhesive is cured, remove the excess adhesive around the cylinder. In the direction perpendicular to the cross section of the cylinder, gradually apply force until the cylinder is pulled off, so as to measure the remaining tensile force of the coating from the substrate. Because this test is difficult to reproduce in two different laboratories, it is not practical to compare their test results. Therefore, this test force method is only used in the same laboratory as a comparison of the bonding rules of the layers or for the assessment of the personnel on the job, and should be under the same equipment conditions. The same operator uses the same adhesive to test the same type of coating. Appendix H
(Indicative Appendix)
Recommended Application
According to the different use environments, the recommended minimum coating thickness is shown in Table B1 Table BI
Urban Environment
L Industrial Environment
Marine Weather
Indoor Environment
Undecorated
Unpainted
Uncoated
Z11-A115
Undecorated
Note: The minimum coating thickness in the table is the limit to prevent premature failure and cannot be used as a criterion for selecting coatings. This is due to the fact that the behavior of the following systems must be consistent with the expected life.
1) N, R male flowers.
2) Application in marine environments,
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