Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Method of performance test for graders
Method of performance test for graders1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the performance test method for graders. This standard applies to new products, modified products, quality inspection and product delivery tests. 2 Reference standards
GB1495 Permissible noise of motor vehicles
GB 1496 Method for measuring noise of motor vehicles
GB3843 Free acceleration smoke emission standard for diesel vehicles GB 3846 Method for measuring free acceleration smoke emission for diesel vehicles 3 Test preparation
3.1 Original data of grader
3.1.1 Technical data
Operation manual of grader;
Drawings of main components!
Performance test report of engine, torque converter and gearbox of grader. 3.1.2 Technical parameter table
Fill in the technical parameters of grader according to Table A1.
3.1.3 Debugging record
UDC 625. 086
：620.162
GB 8506-87
Add oil and water as required before the test. Carry out empty vehicle running and operation test according to the product technical requirements. Check the operation status to ensure that the working condition of each component of the grader is normal, and record the manufacturing, assembly, test run, running-in operation and maintenance status in Table A2.3.1.4 Inspection before grader test
Before the test, check and adjust the maximum no-load speed of the engine, the pressure of the hydraulic system overflow valve, the tire pressure, the brake operating air pressure or oil pressure and the clutch travel according to the product manual, and record them in Table A3:3.2 Measurement accuracy requirements
The accuracy of the test instruments and measuring tools should be calibrated and calibrated as required and meet the requirements of Table 1. 3.3 Test site requirements
3.3.1 Stationary test and passing performance test site Flat, solid concrete or asphalt road surface, with a slope of no more than 0.5% in each direction. 3.3.2 Driving performance and traction performance test track Flat and solid concrete or asphalt road surface, with a longitudinal slope of no more than 0.5%. It should be tested in both directions, with an average value. The slope from the center of the road surface to the shoulder is no more than 3%. The length of the straight test area is not less than 200 m. There should be open turning and U-turn areas at both ends of the test track. Approved by the Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China on December 23, 1987 and implemented on July 1, 1988
3.3.3 Climbing test site
CB8506--87
The ramp is flat and solid. The total length of the ramp is greater than 3.5 times the total length of the tested prototype, of which the ramp before the measurement section is 1.5 times the total length of the prototype.
3.3.4 Noise test site
The test site is a solid land surface, flat and open. There are no large reflectors, such as buildings, walls, etc., within three times the distance from the center of the sound source to the measuring point. If the test site does not meet the requirements, it can be corrected by the standard sound source method. Table 1
Traction
Manipulation force
Wheel pressure
Note: There are two error values in the measurement accuracy column, and the larger value should be taken. 4 Fixed test
4.1 Geometric ruler measurement
Absolute error
Measurement accuracy
Relative error
The grader is in working condition, and the oil and water in the machine are filled as required. The vehicle is equipped with complete tools, and there is a capable operator (65kg). The shovel and the seven-piece loose device are in standard condition. Determine the geometric dimensions of the grader according to Figure 1 and fill in the data in Table B1. 4.2 Determination of working device motion parameters
Measure according to the following items and record the measurement results in Table B2. 4.2.1 Maximum lifting height of the blade
The maximum height of the left and right lower ends of the blade from the ground.
4.2.2 Maximum depth of the blade
The distance from the blade to the ground when the blade in a standard state is lowered to the lowest position. 4.2.3 Blade side shift distance
The maximum distance that the midpoint of the blade moves to the left and right relative to the center of rotation. 4.2.4 Blade maximum side extension distance
When the traction frame swings sideways and the blade moves sideways, the outer end of the blade extends out and the maximum distance from the outer edge of the rear wheel on the same side. 4.2.5 Blade horizontal rotation angle
GB8506—87
Figure 1 Grader geometry scale
The blade rotates clockwise and counterclockwise with the rotation circle, and the horizontal rotation angle is measured respectively. Then observe whether the blade rotates normally and whether there is any interference. 4.2.6 Blade cutting angle adjustment range
Measure the maximum cutting angle and minimum cutting angle of the blade respectively. 4.2.7 Blade maximum tilt angle
Use the combined action of the traction frame side swing adjustment mechanism, the blade rotation mechanism and the blade lifting hydraulic cylinder to measure the maximum tilt angle of the blade. 4.2.8 Rear loosener maximum lifting height (the loosener installation hole is in the lowest position)Measure the maximum height of the rear loosener middle tooth tip from the ground. 4.2.9 Rear loosener maximum penetration depth (the loosener installation hole is in the mouse height test)The rear loosener is lowered to the lowest position, and the distance from the middle tooth tip to the ground is measured. 4.2.10 Maximum lifting height of the front loosening target
Measure the maximum height of the tip of the middle tooth of the front loosening target from the ground. 4.2.11 Maximum penetration depth of the front loosening target
When the front loosening target is lowered to the lowest position, measure the distance from the tip of the middle tooth to the ground. 4.2.12 Maximum lifting height of the front push plate
Measure the maximum height of the middle point of the bulldozer blade from the ground. 4.2.13 Maximum penetration depth of the front bulldozer blade
When the front bulldozer blade is lowered to the lowest position, measure the distance from the middle point of the blade to the ground. 4.2.14 Maximum tilt angle of front wheels
4.2.15 Maximum turning angle of front wheels
4.2.16 Maximum steering angle of rear axle (for rear axle steering graders) 4.2.17 Maximum steering angle of articulated frame (for articulated graders) 4.2.18 Maximum swing angle of front axle
4.3 Determination of working device action speed and hydraulic cylinder settlement 4.3.1 Shovel lifting speed and lowering speed
When the engine is running at the rated speed, the time taken for the left and right ends of the shovel to be lifted from 50 mm to 150 mm above the ground, and from 150 mm to 50 mm, shall be measured three times respectively and the average value shall be taken. And the lifting speed and lowering speed of the shovel shall be calculated. Record in Table B3. 4.3.2 Blade side shift speed
GB 8506—87
When the engine is running at the rated speed, the time taken by the blade to move 200 mm to the left and right in a relative circle, each measurement is taken three times. Take the average value, and calculate the blade left and right shift speed. Record in Table 3. 4.3.3 Rear ripper lifting speed and lowering speed When the engine is running at the rated speed, the time taken by the middle tooth tip of the rear ripper to lift from 50 mm to 150 mm above the ground, and from 150 mm to 50 mm, is measured three times, and the average value is taken, and the rear ripper lifting speed and lowering speed are calculated. Record in Table B3.
4.3.4 Front loosening target lifting speed and lowering speed The engine is running at the calibrated speed. The time taken for the middle tooth tip of the front loosening target to be lifted from 50mm above the ground to 150mm and from 150mm to 50mm is measured three times, and the average value is taken. The lifting speed and lowering speed of the front loosening target are calculated. Record in Table B3.
4.3.5 Hydraulic settlement
The oil temperature of the hydraulic system should not be lower than 45℃. Operate the shovel blade, rear loosening device and front loosening target to lower the front wheel or rear wheel 200-250mm above the ground. Turn off the engine. After 30 minutes, measure the settlement of the hydraulic cylinder, measure three times each and take the average value, and calculate the hourly settlement. Record in Table 4.
4.4 Determination of mass, load distribution and center of gravity position The shovel of the tested sample is in the transport state, the loosening device is in the standard state, and the whole vehicle is in the straight driving state. Release the brake and set the gear lever in neutral. Fill the vehicle with oil and water as required. The vehicle is fully equipped with tools and has a driver (65 kg). Inflate the tires as required. Measure according to Table B5 and record the measurement and calculation results in the table. 4.4. 1 Mass
Measure the mass M of the grader in operation.
4.4.2 Axle load distribution
Measure the load on each wheel and the static radius of the front and rear tires respectively, and calculate the front axle load Rfront, rear axle load Rrear, rear left wheel load Rrear, rear left wheel load Rrear and front axle load factor Xie and rear axle load factor Adj according to the following formula. R =R + Rr has (kg)
R back = R back left front + R back left back + R clear right grid (kg)
R left R back front ten R back left back, (kg)
R back valley = R back stone alcohol + R back stone back (kg) R×100%
×100%
4.4.3 Blade load
The ripping device is in standard state. The blade is lowered so that the front wheel is 20 mm off the ground, and the blade fulcrum load and rear axle load are measured. Calculate the blade linear load.
Where: Rt-
-blade load, kg:
blade J length. mm,
4.4.4 Rear ripping device load
9.800R(N/m)
The blade and front ripping device are in standard state. The rear ripping device is lowered so that the rear wheel is 20 mm off the ground, and the rear ripping device fulcrum load is measured. Calculate the single tooth load of the rear ripping device 4 times,
(2)
(6)
Where: R shield whole-
rear ripping device load, kg;
number of teeth of the rear ripping device, teeth.
4.4.5 Front loosening target load
GB8506..87
9.8R rear adjustment (N/tooth)
The blade and rear loosening device are in standard state. The front loosening rod is lowered to make the front wheel 20 off the ground. III, and the load on the front loosening rod support point is measured. Calculate the single tooth load α of the front loosening rod.
Where: Rm fertilizer
Front loosening rod load, kg
Number of front loosening target teeth, teeth.
4.4.6 Center of gravity position
9 Pressure
9.8 R (N/tooth)
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of center of gravity height measurement
（9）
Lift the front axle of the grader according to Figure 2, so that the angle between the vehicle body and the horizontal plane is 15°~25°. When the wire rope is vertical to the ground plane, measure the data and calculate the center of gravity coordinate according to formula (12). Measure three times at different vehicle body inclination angles. The relative error between the calculated values of each measurement is no more than 5%. Take the average value and record it in Table 6. Calculate the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the center of gravity according to formulas (10), (11) (12) and the average value of the measured data in Table B5 and Table B6. And record it in Table B6. x
(RR)W,+(Ru-R)W
Z=(R1.000%/9.8)L. ctga
Longitudinal horizontal distance from the center of gravity to the center line of the front axle, nm; (10)
(11)
(12)
Transverse horizontal distance from the center of gravity to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle body, mm (measured from the front hall of the grader to the right as positive and from the left as negative); -Vertical height of the center of gravity from the ground, mm;
M—Mass in operating state, kg,
Front axle load when the vehicle body is in a horizontal state, kg! Rear axle load when the vehicle body is horizontal, kg; Wire rope tension when the vehicle body is tilted at an angle of α, kN; Wheelbase, mm
Rear wheel track, mm:
Front wheel track, mm
Static radius of rear tire when the vehicle body is horizontal, mm; — Light angle between the vehicle body and the horizontal plane when lifting, (°). 5 Driving performance test
GB 8506—87
During the test, the wind speed is not more than 6m/s. The grader blade is in the running state and the loosening device is in the standard state. The engine throttle is at the maximum fuel supply position. The tires maintain the specified air pressure and the whole machine is in the working state. 5.1 Determination of driving speed
Determine the driving distance and corresponding passing time of each gear, and calculate the maximum vehicle speed V of each gear according to formula (13), and take the average value of each round trip and record it in Table B7.
The distance of the measuring section shall not be less than 20m. Before the grader enters the test area, it should reach the highest stable speed of the gear. V - 3. 6
Where: 1. —Distance of the test section, m,
Time to pass through the test area, 8.
5.2 Clearance test and determination of rolling radius
(km/h)
The grader is accelerated to an appropriate speed so that the sliding time for passing 100 m is within 18~~22 s. Determine the sliding time and t2 of the grader passing 50m to 100m and the number of wheel revolutions during the entire sliding process. Repeat three times each and take the average value. Record in Table B8. Calculate the sliding acceleration 4, see formula (14), and record it in Table B8. 10of 1
-l(m/s\).
tl tt - f
Where: t—time required for half-distance sliding 50tm, s.1t
time required for full distance sliding 100m, s,
Calculate the sliding resistance coefficient f according to formula <15) and record it in Table B8. 9.8
Where: . ---~rotational inertia conversion factor. For graders, it is taken as 1. 08. Calculate the driving resistance Ff according to formula (16) and record it in Table B8. F, 10-,Ma(kN)
Where, M is the mass of the vehicle in operation state.kg. Calculate the rear wheel rolling radius r according to formula (17) and record it in Table B8. 50 (m)
Yuan Yue Fu
Where: 弹店—二—Average number of rear wheel revolutions during the entire sliding process. 5.3 Braking performance test
5.3.1 Service brake www.bzxz.net
The braking distance refers to the distance traveled from the ankle pedal to the complete stop of the grader. 1* (14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
The service brake test stipulates that the initial braking speed is 30km/h. The actual measured initial braking speed should be within the range of ±10% of the specified value, and the braking distance should be corrected by formula (18). If the maximum speed of the grader is lower than 30km/h, the maximum speed is allowed to be used as the initial braking speed. L = L
Where:
Corrected braking distance, III:
I——Measured braking distance, m:
V Yuan——Specified initial braking speed, km/hV Female—Measured initial braking speed, km/h,
a,--Braking acceleration, m/s\.
GB 850687
The braking test is repeated three times, and the measured V*, L* and calculated L, a1 and their average values are recorded in Table 139. 5.3.2 Parking brake
The grader is in working condition and parked on a dry and clean concrete road surface with a slope of not less than 15%. Pull the parking brake lever to the limit position with a force of not more than 4100N. The grader should be parked securely on the slope. The service brake should be able to stop the grader on a slope with a slope of not less than 25%.
The motor grader is in uphill and downhill states, and stops on the slope for 10 minutes respectively. The parking situation on the slope is recorded in Table B10. 6 Power performance test
The motor grader is in the transport state, the engine throttle is at the maximum fuel supply position, the tires maintain the specified air pressure, and the motor grader is in the working state. 6.1 Traction performance test
Generally, rear-wheel drive motor graders are only tested for traction in the first and second gears. The all-wheel drive grader should also be subjected to a traction test in all-wheel drive in the first gear.
Before the test, the height of the traction point of the load vehicle should be adjusted so that the traction load is kept in a horizontal plane with a height of no more than 100mm from the ground. During the test, the accelerator should be stepped on to the maximum fuel supply position. The load vehicle should be loaded steadily from small to large until the drive system of the test machine reaches the maximum torque value (the engine reaches the maximum torque value or the torque converter is in a stall condition) or the driving wheel slip rate reaches 15%. The number of load levels in each gear should be no less than 16, and the sampling time for each test point should be no less than 5s. During the loading process, At the same time, record the traction force, test distance; time to pass the test section; engine speed and driving wheel revolutions. Measure once each way back and forth and take the average value. Arrange the test data according to the following formula and record the results in Table B11. Finally, draw the F-V and P-V traction performance curves for each gear. (The driving speed V is the horizontal axis; the traction force F and traction power P are the vertical axis). The difference in the number of driving wheel revolutions should not be greater than 3%, and the tire tread height wear should not be greater than 50%. Hydraulic transmission graders are allowed to add counterweights to measure the traction force F value when the torque converter stalls. Calculate the driving speed V ;
Where: L is the test distance, m;
The time to pass the test section,.
(km/h)
Calculate the theoretical vehicle speed without slip according to the measured driving wheel revolutions. ! V. = 7. 2 r\(km/h)
Where: r#—rear wheel rolling radius, m;
and need—average rear wheel revolutions.
Calculate the traction power P:
P 0.277 8FV(kW)
Where: F corresponds to the traction force when the vehicle speed is V, kN. Calculate the slip rate:
Calculate the traction reserve coefficient:
Where: Fm—maximum traction, kN;
F—traction force at maximum traction power, kN. Calculate the traction efficiency:
(22)
GB 8506—87
Wherein: Pmx——maximum traction power [calculated according to formula (22), obtained from Table B1I], kW; P. ——engine rated power, kW.
6.2 Acceleration performance test
(25)
The minimum stable vehicle speed in the highest gear is used as the initial speed of the acceleration performance test. Outside the starting point of the acceleration test section, quickly press the accelerator to the maximum fuel supply position to accelerate the grader to 80% to 100% of the maximum speed. Record the acceleration time t and the corresponding vehicle speed V, perform each round trip once, and take the average value. Record in Table B12. Draw the V-t acceleration performance curve of the grader in the highest gear (acceleration time as the horizontal axis: vehicle speed V as the vertical axis)
6.3 Climbing performance test
Test the grader's ability to climb the slope in the lowest gear according to the maximum climbing grade specified in the instruction manual. The test length and the glass length before the test section shall not be less than 1.5 times the gold length of the grader. Before the test, the grader should drive at a low speed on the ramp before the measurement section to approach the starting point of the climb. At the beginning of the test, quickly put the engine at the maximum fuel supply position to climb the slope until the end of the test. Test three times and take the average value. Record in Table B13. Calculate the slope power P domain:
Wujin: L climbing length, m;
t--climbing time, s4
climbing angle, (\).
MLsina(kW)
（26）
If the slope of the test site is less than the specified requirement, it is allowed to use a higher gear speed or appropriately increase the mass load of the grader to conduct the climbing test. Calculate the climbing gradient according to formula (27). insing
a = aresin
In the formula, a is converted to
converted climbing gradient, (\),
actual climbing gradient during the test, (\)
M-actual mass of the grader during the test, kg
The lowest gear ratio of the transmission:
-the transmission ratio during the test.
7 Test of passing performance
7.1 Minimum turning radius and horizontal passing radius The grader is in operation and the tires are inflated as specified. The front wheel, frame or rear axle is tilted to the maximum steering angle. Turn at low speed. Measure the radius of the center of the outer wheel mark of the grader, turn left and right three times each, and take the average value. Record in Table B14. (27)
Measure the radius R, of the horizontal projection track of the outermost point of the grader, turn left and right three times each, and take the average value. Record in Table B14.7.2 Tire ground contact pressure
The test should be carried out on a hard, flat and horizontal road surface. The grader is in operation. The tire tread is significantly worn and inflated as specified. The indentation area and horizontal projection area of each wheel are measured by the indentation method. Record in Table B15. Calculate the indentation pressure ratio of each wheel of the tire 91:
Calculate the projection pressure ratio of each wheel of the tire 92:
0.1R:(MPa)
O.1R.(MPA)
（28）
（29）
Where: R, the load of each wheel, kg
GB 8506-87
S,——the indentation area of the raised part of the tire pattern, cm; S,——the sum of the horizontal projection areas of the raised and recessed parts of the tire pattern, cm. Note: To determine the indentation area and projection area by the indentation method, you can apply ink on the tire surface, put white paper under the tire to press out the impression, and determine the panel straightness. 8 Leveling performance test
On the road surface scraped by the grader, the center track of the blade is taken as a 2m wide and 100m long section for the grader leveling performance test. Use a 3-point ruler to randomly sample 10 points in the test section, take the maximum leveling value, and record it in Table B16. Use a level to randomly sample the elevation of three points in the test section. The distance between each measuring point should be less than 30I. Take the maximum elevation difference and record it in Table B16.
Note: 1) Flatness refers to the maximum gap between the ruler and the measured surface. 2) Height refers to the vertical distance from the ground measuring point to a certain horizontal reference plane. The difference between the maximum elevation and the minimum elevation of several measuring points is the elevation difference. 9 Determination of fuel consumption
The grader is driven on the highway in normal driving conditions, running 50 km round trip each time, and the fuel consumption for driving 100 km is measured and recorded in Table B17.
10 Performance test for evaluating the working conditions of the driver 10.1 Maneuverability test
10.1.1 Driving straightness index
The grader blade is in the running state, the loosening device is in the standard state, and the test is carried out on the driving performance test track at medium speed. The measuring distance is not less than 0.2 km. The value that the grader is allowed to deviate from the driving center line is not more than 0.5 m. Record the number of steering wheel turns required to keep the vehicle driving straight. Test three times and record in Table B18.10.1.2 Number of steering wheel turns
During the test, the engine is at high speed, and the number of steering wheel turns from the maximum deflection angle on one side to the maximum deflection angle on the other side is measured. Turn left and right, measure three times each, and take the average value. Record in Table B19.10.1.3 Position, force and travel of control handles The control force and travel of the shift lever, multi-way valve lever, hand brake lever, foot pedal and steering wheel are measured and recorded in Table B20. And draw the cloth cover of the control handle inside the driver's cab on the coordinate paper. 10.2 Determination of control vision
Pre-draw the grid coordinates on the test site. At night, hang a light bulb 700mm above the driver's seat cushion for illumination, and then draw the light and dark boundaries on the ground into a vision diagram according to the coordinate grid, and calculate the area of the "bright area" of the vision, and record it in Table B21.10.3 Determination of noise
Assess according to GB1495. And measure the external noise of the grader accelerating in gear I according to the provisions of GB1496. Record in Table B22. When measuring noise, the grader blade is in operation and the loosening device is in standard state. 10.4 Ride comfort measurement
According to the 8.h working meter, the RMS value of the frequency-weighted acceleration transmitted to the driver by the driver's seat surface shall not exceed 1.25m/s. Measure the vibration acceleration of the engine seat surface and pedals in the direction of the vehicle's rotation, when the vehicle is parked at the highest gear, when the vehicle is at the maximum fuel supply position, and when the vehicle is at the full load and when the vehicle is at the maximum fuel supply position, and when the vehicle is at the low load, and record it in Table B23.10.5 Engine emission inspection
Assess according to GB3843, and measure according to the provisions of GB3846, and record the measurement results in Table B24.comPrototype model name
Manufacturing name
Project name
Overall dimensions
Front and rear axle distance
Double rear axle center distance
Front wheel track
Rear wheel track
Distance from frame hinge point to rear axle
Minimum ground clearance
Operation status quality
Front axle load
Front axle load distribution
Rear axle axis| |tt||Rear axle load distribution
Driving speed
Maximum climbing grade
Maximum traction
Minimum turning radius
Forward gear
Reverse gear
GB8506-87
Appendix A
Technical parameters, commissioning and inspection records of grader (supplement)
Technical parameter table
Factory number
Out! Date
Engine
Torque converter
Gearbox
Drive axle
Item name
Rated power (1h)
Rated speed
Maximum torque/corresponding speed
Fuel consumption
Torque conversion coefficient
Forward gear
Reverse gear
Power shift gearbox operating oil pressure
Main drive
Balance box
Tire specification/ply
Tire pressure
Tire pattern
Wheel mesh specification
Maximum front wheel jaw relief
Maximum front wheel steering
Maximum rear axle steering angle
Maximum steering angle of articulated frame
GB 8506-87
Continued Table A1
Nm/t/min
g/kw·h
Hydraulic system
Item name
Steering system pressure
Service brake type
Parking brake type
Electrical system voltage
Shovel force length
Blade height
Maximum lifting height of blade
Maximum penetration depth of blade
Side shift distance of blade
Maximum side extension distance of blade
Horizontal rotation angle of blade
Blade Adjustment range of knife cutting front angle
Maximum tilt of blade
Maximum lifting height of rear ripper
Maximum penetration depth of rear ripper
Rear ripper width
Number of teeth of rear ripper
Maximum lifting height of front ripper target
Maximum ground exploration depth of front ripper target
Front ripper target width
Number of teeth of front ripper rake
Maximum lifting height of bulldozer
Maximum penetration depth of bulldozer
Maximum penetration width of bulldozer
GB 8506—87
Continued Table A1
.Remarks
Tip: This standard content only shows part of the intercepted content of the complete standard. If you need the complete standard, please go to the top to download the complete standard document for free.