Pesticide-Guidelines for the field efficacy trials(Ⅰ)-Herbicides against weeds in leafy vegetables
Some standard content:
GB/T17980.43--2000
Field efficacy test is one of the important contents of pesticide registration management in my country, and is an important technical basis for the formulation of pesticide product labels, while labels are the only guide for the safe and rational use of pesticides. In order to standardize the methods and contents of pesticide field efficacy tests, make the tests more scientific and unified, and align with international standards, so that my country's efficacy test reports have international recognition, the national standards for my country's field efficacy test guidelines are specially formulated. This series of standards refers to the field efficacy test guidelines of the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) and similar guidelines of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in the Asia-Pacific region. It is formulated based on my country's actual situation and verified by a large number of field tests. Leafy vegetables are harmed by various weeds throughout the growth period, causing great losses, and herbicides are often used for prevention and control in production. This standard is formulated to determine the optimal field dosage for controlling weeds in leafy vegetable fields, test the effects of pesticides on test vegetables and non-target beneficial organisms, and provide a basis for the efficacy and safety evaluation of pesticide registration and the rational use of technology. This standard is one of the standards in the series of guidelines for field efficacy tests of pesticides (I), but it is an independent standard in itself. This standard was proposed and coordinated by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. This standard was drafted and interpreted by the Pesticide Testing Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture. The main drafters of this standard are: Liu Xue, Ye Guibiao, Wei Fuxiang, Jia Fuqin, and Wang Huanmin. 1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Guidelines for the field efficacy trials (I)
Herbicides against weeds in leafy vegetables
Pesticide
Guidelines for the field efficacy trials (I)Herbicides against weeds in leafy vegetablesGB/T17980.43--2000
This standard specifies the methods and basic requirements for field efficacy trials of herbicides against weeds in leafy vegetables. This standard applies to field efficacy trials and efficacy evaluation for registration of herbicides against weeds in leafy vegetables such as cabbage (such as Brussels sprouts, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts), spinach, lettuce, celery, etc. Other field efficacy trials shall be carried out in accordance with this standard.
2 Experimental conditions
2.1 Selection of crops and cultivars
Record the types of vegetables and cultivation types, and select widely planted conventional varieties or varieties required by the agreement. Record the variety name. 2.2 Selection of test weeds
The test site must have a variety of representative weed populations, and the distribution must be uniform and consistent. The composition of the weed community must be consistent with the herbicide to be tested (grasses, sedges, broadleaf weeds, annuals, perennials). Record the Chinese names and Latin scientific names of various weeds. 2.3 Cultivation conditions
All test plots must have uniform and consistent cultivation conditions (soil type, organic matter content, pH value, harvesting conditions, fertility, tillage) and comply with local scientific agricultural practices (GAP). Vegetables can be sown directly or transplanted, and the sowing amount or number of transplanted plants, sowing depth, plant spacing and other cultivation measures must follow local conventional standards.
Record the previous crop and the herbicide used before, and avoid choosing plots where herbicides that may have residual phytotoxic effects on the following vegetables have been used. If there is irrigation, record the irrigation time, water volume and method. · Leaf lettuce requires precise sowing, accurate plant spacing or uniform thinning after seedlings. When transplanting leaves, ensure accurate plant spacing. If possible, use seed coating. Pay special attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases, such as flea beetles, and prevent bird damage. 3 Experimental design and arrangement
3.1 Agents
3.1.1 Experimental agents
Indicate the trade name/code, Chinese name, common name, dosage form content and manufacturer of the experimental agent. The experimental agent has four doses of high, medium, low and multiple of medium (the multiple is set to evaluate the safety of the experimental agent on vegetables) or the dosage specified in the agreement (the experimental agreement signed by the test entrusting party and the test undertaking party). Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on February 1, 2000, and implemented on May 1, 2000
3.1.2 Control Agents
GB/T 17980. 43--2000
Control agents must be registered products that have been proven to have good safety and weed control effects in practice. The type and mode of action of the control agent should be similar to that of the test agent and the local commonly used dosage and treatment method should be used. Special circumstances may depend on the purpose of the test. Manual weeding and blank control are provided.
3.2 Plot Arrangement
3.2.1 Plot Arrangement
The plots with different treatments in the test are arranged in random blocks. In special circumstances, such as the test of controlling perennial weeds, in order to avoid the interference of uneven distribution of perennial weeds, the plots need to be arranged irregularly according to the actual situation, and this should be explained. 3.2.2 Plot area and repetition
Plot area: Depends on the spacing between rows and the number of transplanted plants of leafy vegetables. Protective rows should be set up around the plot. The area of each plot for transplanted or direct-seeded vegetables is 15-20m2, with 50-100 vegetables in the plot. The area of direct-seeded vegetables without thinning is at least 10m2, and the plot shape is rectangular. Number of repetitions: At least 4 repetitions.
3.3 Application method
3.3.1 Usage
Follow the requirements of the agreement and the instructions on the label. The spray method is usually used. The application of pesticides should be adapted to local scientific agricultural practices. 3.3.2 Types of pesticide application equipment
Choose the equipment commonly used in production. Use pressure-stabilized equipment with fan-shaped nozzles to ensure that the pesticide is evenly distributed throughout the plot, or that the liquid pesticide falls accurately and directional to the place where it should be applied. Record the type of equipment used and the operating conditions (operating dosage, nozzle type and height, nozzle diameter, soil mixing depth). The dosage of pesticides should be accurate. If the dosage exceeds 10% of the soil deviation, it should be recorded. The factors that affect the efficacy and the duration and selectivity of weed control should also be recorded.
3.3.3 Application time and frequency
Perform according to the requirements of the agreement and the instructions on the label. The time of application is related to the emergence time of weeds and vegetables: a) before sowing or transplanting vegetables (mixed with soil or not); b) before emergence of vegetables after sowing (mixed with soil or not); c) or after emergence of vegetables or transplanting.
Record the date of each application and the growth status of weeds and vegetables (emergence, growth period) at the time of application. If the application time is not indicated on the label (or agreement), it should be carried out according to the purpose of the test and the action characteristics of the test agent. The same test agent can be used once or in multiple times, and the number and time of application should be recorded. 3.3.4 Application amount and water consumption
Apply the pesticide according to the requirements of the agreement and the dosage and water consumption indicated on the label. Usually the dosage of the agent is expressed in g/hm (grams per hectare) of active ingredient, and the amount of water is expressed in L/hm (liter per hectare). When the amount of water is not specified in the agreement, it can be determined based on the mode of action of the test agent, the type of sprayer, and local experience. 3.3.5 Data requirements for pesticides used to control pests and non-target weeds If other agents are used, agents that have no effect on the test agent, objects and vegetables should be selected, and all plots should be treated uniformly, and they should be used separately from the test agent and control agent to minimize the interference of these agents. Record the accurate data of the application of such agents (such as name, period, dosage, etc.).
4 Investigation, recording and measurement methods
4.1 Meteorological and soil datawwW.bzxz.Net
4.1.1 Meteorological data
During the test, data such as rainfall (rainfall type and rainfall in mm), temperature (daily average temperature, maximum and minimum temperature in °C), wind, shade, light and relative humidity should be obtained from the test site or the nearest meteorological station, especially the meteorological data on the day of application and the 10 days before and after.
GB/T 17980. 43-2000
The adverse climatic factors that affect the test results during the entire test period, such as severe or long-term drought, heavy rain, ice and lightning, etc., must be recorded. 4.1.2 Soil data
Record soil type (record its composition as much as possible), organic matter content, soil pH value and soil moisture (such as dryness, humidity, water accumulation), as well as the quality of seedbed cultivation and fertilization. When it is necessary to measure the yield, it is not appropriate to apply farmyard manure, but chemical fertilizer should be applied, and the amount should be recorded. 4.2 Field management
Record land preparation, watering, fertilization, etc. 4.3 Survey methods, time and frequency
4.3.1 Weed survey
Detailed description of the symptoms of weed damage (such as growth inhibition, chlorosis, deformity, etc.) to accurately explain the mode of action of the pesticide. Record the weed population in the plot, such as weed species, number of weeds, coverage or weed weight, etc., using the absolute value method or estimated value method. 4.3.1.1 Absolute number survey method
Survey the number or weight of each weed, survey the entire plot or randomly select 3 to 4 points in each plot, with 0.25～1 m\Sampling survey is carried out. In some cases, the organs of weeds (such as grass fraction) are investigated. 4.3.1.2 Estimated value survey method
Each pesticide treatment area is compared with the adjacent blank control area or control strip to estimate the relative weed population. This survey method includes the overall weed community and single weeds, and can use indicators such as weed quantity, coverage, height and growth (such as the actual amount of weeds). The estimation method is fast and simple, and its results can be expressed in simple percentages (0 means no weeds, 100% means the same weeds as the blank control area), or can be converted into an equivalent amount to express the percentage effect of weed control (0 means no control effect, 100% means all weeds are controlled). The absolute value of the weed plant coverage of the blank control area or control strip should also be recorded. In order to overcome the difficulties of accurately estimating percentages and using homogeneous variance, the following grading standards can be used for investigation:
Grade 1: no grass;
Grade 2: equivalent to 0-2.5% of the blank control area; Grade 3: equivalent to 2.6%-5% of the blank control area; Grade 4: equivalent to 5.1%-10% of the blank control area; Grade 5: equivalent to 10.1%-15% of the blank control area; Grade 6: equivalent to 15.1%-25% of the blank control area; Grade 7: equivalent to 25.1%-35% of the blank control area; Grade 8: equivalent to 35.1%-67.5% of the blank control area; Grade 9: equivalent to 67.6%-100% of the blank control area. Investigators must be trained before using this grading standard. This grading range can be used directly without converting it into the average value of the percentage of the estimated value.
4.3.2 Survey time and frequency
The survey time varies according to the type of vegetable cultivation and the time of pesticide application. The specific survey frequency is as follows: a) Before sowing, before transplanting and before emergence. The first survey: conducted shortly after weeds emerge in the control area. The second survey: conducted 2 weeks after pesticide application (visual inspection). The third survey: conducted 4 weeks after pesticide application or when the test agent has the best effect. According to the impact on vegetables and weed development, another survey is conducted before harvest. b) After emergence or after transplanting.
The first survey: before pesticide application, investigate the types and growth periods of weeds, as well as the percentage of major weeds (base survey). The second survey: conducted 2 weeks after treatment or when the test agent has the best effect. According to the impact on vegetables and weed development, another survey is conducted before harvest. 4.3.3 Calculation method of drug efficacy
The drug efficacy is calculated according to formula (1):
Wherein: PT --
GB/T 17980. 43—2000
Control effect (%) = (1-9
Number of remaining grass (or fresh weight) in the treatment area;
CK.…-Number of live grass (or fresh weight) in the blank control area). 4.4 Crop survey
4.4.1 Survey method
Observe whether the pesticide has any damage to vegetables, and record the type and degree of the damage. The following requirements can be used for recording: a) If the damage can be counted or measured, it should be expressed in absolute values, such as the number of plants or plant height. b) In other cases, the extent and frequency of pesticide damage can be estimated by the following two methods: 1) According to the pesticide damage classification method, each plot is graded and scored: Level 1: Vegetables grow normally without any symptoms of damage; Level 2: Vegetables are slightly damaged by pesticides, with less than 10% of the damage; Level 3: Vegetables are moderately damaged by pesticides and can recover later without affecting yield; Level 4: Vegetables are severely damaged by pesticides and difficult to recover, resulting in reduced yield; Level 5: Vegetables are severely damaged by pesticides and cannot recover, resulting in a significant reduction in yield or no yield. 2) Compare the pesticide-treated area with the blank control area to evaluate the percentage of pesticide damage. :(1)
At the same time, the symptoms of vegetable pesticide damage (growth inhibition, chlorosis, deformity, etc.) should be accurately described. Record the growth status of vegetables in all cases and observe the effect of the test pesticide on the maturity of vegetables. Observe the interaction between pesticide damage and adverse factors (such as cultivation methods, lodging, pest infestation, long-term high temperature or freezing damage, etc.). 4.4.2 Number of surveys
a) Application before sowing and transplanting
First survey: before seedlings (pay special attention to whether seedling emergence is delayed). Second survey: before row closure or when the test agent has the best effect. Third survey: before harvest, observe the impact on maturity time. b) Application after emergence
First survey: 1 to 2 weeks after treatment.
Second survey: before row closure or when the test agent has the best effect. Third survey: on the eve of harvest (sampling, testing, yield measurement). 4.5 Side effect observation
Record the impact on non-target organisms.
4.6 Record of crop yield and quality
Depending on the situation, the vegetable safety test plot should be harvested, tested, and yield measured. The following records are made during yield measurement:
a) Total fresh weight of vegetables in the plot;
b) Vegetable grade.
5 Results
Use Duncan's new multiple range (DMRT) method to statistically analyze the test data, and use corresponding biostatistical methods in special cases. Write a formal test report, analyze and explain the results, and put forward conclusive opinions on the application effect evaluation (product characteristics, key application technologies, product features, applicable period and dosage, herbicide spectrum, drug efficacy, drug damage) and economic benefit evaluation (cost, increase in production, increase in efficiency, quality). The test report should list the original data. When it is found that different varieties have different resistance to the test agent, variety sensitivity tests should be carried out. 5281 Survey method
Observe whether the pesticide has any damage to vegetables, and record the type and degree of the damage. The following requirements can be used for recording: a) If the damage can be counted or measured, it should be expressed in absolute values, such as the number of plants or plant height. b) In other cases, the degree and frequency of the damage can be estimated according to the following two methods: 1) According to the method of pesticide damage classification, the pesticide damage of each plot is graded and scored: Level 1: Vegetables grow normally without any symptoms of damage; Level 2: Vegetables are slightly damaged by pesticides, with the damage less than 10%; Level 3: Vegetables are moderately damaged by pesticides and can recover later without affecting the yield; Level 4: Vegetables are severely damaged by pesticides and difficult to recover, resulting in a reduction in yield; Level 5: Vegetables are severely damaged by pesticides and cannot recover, resulting in a significant reduction in yield or a complete loss of yield. 2) Compare the pesticide treatment area with the blank control area to evaluate the percentage of pesticide damage. : (1)
At the same time, the symptoms of vegetable pesticide damage (growth inhibition, chlorosis, deformity, etc.) should be accurately described. Record the growth of vegetables under all conditions and observe the effects of the test agent on the maturity of vegetables. Observe the interaction between pesticide damage and adverse factors (such as cultivation methods, lodging, pest and disease infestation, long-term high temperature or freezing damage, etc.). 4.4.2 Number of surveys
a) Application before sowing and transplanting
First survey: before seedlings (pay special attention to whether seedling emergence is delayed). Second survey: before row closure or when the test agent is most effective. Third survey: before harvest, observe the effect on maturity time. b) Application after emergence
First survey: 1 to 2 weeks after treatment.
Second survey: before row closure or when the test agent is most effective. Third survey: on the eve of harvest (sampling for seed testing and yield measurement). 4.5 Side effect observation
Record the effects on non-target organisms.
4.6 Records of crop yield and quality
For efficacy tests, it depends on the situation. The vegetable safety test plot should be harvested and tested for yield. The following records should be made for yield measurement:
a) Total fresh weight of vegetables in the plot;
b) Vegetable grade.
5 Results
The test data were statistically analyzed using the Duncan's new multiple range (DMRT) method, and corresponding biostatistical methods were used in special cases. A formal test report was written, and the results were analyzed and explained, with conclusive opinions on the application effect evaluation (product characteristics, key application technologies, product features, applicable period and dosage, herbicidal spectrum, efficacy, and drug damage) and economic benefit evaluation (cost, yield increase, efficiency increase, and quality). The test report should list the original data. When it is found that different varieties have different resistance to the test agent, a variety sensitivity test should be conducted. 5281 Survey method
Observe whether the pesticide has any damage to vegetables, and record the type and degree of the damage. The following requirements can be used for recording: a) If the damage can be counted or measured, it should be expressed in absolute values, such as the number of plants or plant height. b) In other cases, the degree and frequency of the damage can be estimated according to the following two methods: 1) According to the method of pesticide damage classification, the pesticide damage of each plot is graded and scored: Level 1: Vegetables grow normally without any symptoms of damage; Level 2: Vegetables are slightly damaged by pesticides, with the damage less than 10%; Level 3: Vegetables are moderately damaged by pesticides and can recover later without affecting the yield; Level 4: Vegetables are severely damaged by pesticides and difficult to recover, resulting in a reduction in yield; Level 5: Vegetables are severely damaged by pesticides and cannot recover, resulting in a significant reduction in yield or a complete loss of yield. 2) Compare the pesticide treatment area with the blank control area to evaluate the percentage of pesticide damage. : (1)
At the same time, the symptoms of vegetable pesticide damage (growth inhibition, chlorosis, deformity, etc.) should be accurately described. Record the growth of vegetables under all conditions and observe the effects of the test agent on the maturity of vegetables. Observe the interaction between pesticide damage and adverse factors (such as cultivation methods, lodging, pest and disease infestation, long-term high temperature or freezing damage, etc.). 4.4.2 Number of surveys
a) Application before sowing and transplanting
First survey: before seedlings (pay special attention to whether seedling emergence is delayed). Second survey: before row closure or when the test agent is most effective. Third survey: before harvest, observe the effect on maturity time. b) Application after emergence
First survey: 1 to 2 weeks after treatment.
Second survey: before row closure or when the test agent is most effective. Third survey: on the eve of harvest (sampling for seed testing and yield measurement). 4.5 Side effect observation
Record the effects on non-target organisms.
4.6 Records of crop yield and quality
For efficacy tests, it depends on the situation. The vegetable safety test plot should be harvested and tested for yield. The following records should be made for yield measurement:
a) Total fresh weight of vegetables in the plot;
b) Vegetable grade.
5 Results
The test data were statistically analyzed using the Duncan's new multiple range (DMRT) method, and corresponding biostatistical methods were used in special cases. A formal test report was written, and the results were analyzed and explained, with conclusive opinions on the application effect evaluation (product characteristics, key application technologies, product features, applicable period and dosage, herbicidal spectrum, efficacy, and drug damage) and economic benefit evaluation (cost, yield increase, efficiency increase, and quality). The test report should list the original data. When it is found that different varieties have different resistance to the test agent, a variety sensitivity test should be conducted. 528
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