GBJ 95-1986 Hydrological survey terminology and symbol standard GBJ95-86
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National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Standards for Hydrological Survey Terms and Symbols
GBJ95-86
1987Beijing
Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
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National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Standards for Hydrological Survey Terms and Symbols
GBJ95-86
Editing Department: Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power of the People's Republic of ChinaApproving Department: State Planning Commission of the People's Republic of ChinaEffective Date: July 1, 1987
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Notice on the release of the "Standards for Hydrological Survey Terms and Symbols"
Ji Biao [1986] No. 1564
According to the requirements of the National Planning Commission's Notice No. 26 (1984), the "Standards for Hydrological Survey Terms and Symbols" edited by the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power has been reviewed by relevant departments. The "Standards for Hydrological Survey Terms and Symbols" GBJ95-86 is now approved as a national standard and will be implemented on July 1, 1987.
This standard is managed by the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power, and its specific interpretation is the responsibility of the Hydrological Bureau of the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power. It is organized and published by the Basic Construction Standard and Quota Research Institute of our Commission. National Planning Commission
August 23, 1986
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Preparation Instructions
This standard was prepared by the Hydrological Bureau of the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power in conjunction with relevant units in accordance with the Notice of the State Planning Commission on Standardization [1984] No. 26. During the preparation process, the opinions of relevant units across the country were widely solicited in various ways, and the draft was finalized after review and revision in conjunction with relevant departments.
This standard is divided into three chapters: General Principles, Terms and Symbols, and Units of Measurement. Among them, the meaning of terms is explained as much as possible using modern concepts and combining with my country's actual situation and experience. At the same time, reference is made to the international standard "Vocabulary and Symbols for Open Channel Flow Measurement" (ISO
772-1978) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's The International Hydrological Vocabulary (1974, first edition) compiled by the World Meteorological Organization and the World Hydrological Vocabulary (1974, first edition). Terms with self-explanatory meanings are not included. For other professional terms that are widely used in hydrological surveys, relevant national standards are directly cited as needed. The English terms corresponding to the terms are recommended. The symbols adopt the provisions of the national standard "General Principles for Quantities, Units and Symbols" (GB3101-82), and refer to the provisions of the above-mentioned international standards. The measurement units are based on the "Legal Measurement Units of the People's Republic of China" and adopt the provisions of the "Methods for Using Legal Measurement Units of the People's Republic of China".
Since this standard is compiled for the first time in the field of hydrology, some contents need to be supplemented and improved in future work practice. Therefore, in the process of implementing this standard, all relevant units are requested to send their opinions directly to the Hydrological Bureau of the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power for any supplements or modifications that need to be made, for reference in future revisions. Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power
June 1986
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Chapter 1 General
Chapter 2 Technical
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Section 9
Section 10
Section 12
Section 13
Section 14
Section 15
General Terms
Terms of Hydrological Station Network
Station Setting and Testing Methods
Water Level Observation Technique||tt| |Water Observation Techniques
Flow Flow Observation
Water Quality Monitoring
Precipitation and
Evaporation Observation
Reservoir Hydrological Measurement Techniques
Terms of Hydrological Experimental Research
Terms of Hydrological Survey
Terms of Hydrological Data Compilation
Symbols and Measurement Units
Chapter III
Additional Notes: List of the Main Editors, Participating Units and Main Drafters of this Standard
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Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1.0.1 This standard is formulated in order to reasonably unify the terms, symbols and measurement units of hydrological measurement in my country.
Article 1.0.2 This standard applies to hydrological measurement and related fields. Article 1.0.3 The symbols, terms and their meanings in this standard shall be in accordance with the provisions of the national standard "General Principles for Quantities, Units and Symbols" (GB3101-82) and the provisions of the international standard "Vocabulary and Symbols for Open Channel Flow Measurement" (ISO772-1978); the measurement units shall be based on the "Legal Measurement Units of the People's Republic of China" and adopt the provisions of the "Methods for Using Legal Measurement Units of the People's Republic of China". Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
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Chapter 2 Terms
Section 1 General Terms
Article 2.1.1 The general terms and their meanings of hydrological surveys shall comply with the following provisions:
1. Hydrological survey
hydrometry
The entire technical process from the deployment of the station network to the collection and collation of hydrological data. In a narrow sense, hydrological surveys refer specifically to all operations required to measure hydrological elements. 2. Automatic hydrological data collection and transmission system
Automatic system of hydrological data collection and transmission
The whole of various sensors, communication equipment and receiving and processing devices set up to collect, transmit and process real-time hydrological data. It is generally composed of three parts: hydrological station, information transmission channel and receiving center.
3. Remote sensing of hydrology
Remotesensinginhydrology
The whole technical process of collecting images and spectra of water bodies and watersheds from a distance by using sensing instruments (such as cameras, scanners, radars) installed on carriers (such as aircraft, artificial satellites or space shuttles), and obtaining hydrological data through processing and analysis.
Section 2 Two Terms of Hydrological Stations
Article 2.2.1 The terms and meanings of the hydrological station network for hydrological surveys shall comply with the following provisions:
1. Hydrometric station
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hydrometric station
A general term for various hydrological observation sites established on rivers or in river basins to regularly collect and provide hydrological element data.
2. Basic station
basicstation
A hydrological station established for public purposes through unified planning and capable of obtaining data on the long-term changes in the values of basic hydrological elements. It should implement hydrological survey specifications, conduct continuous observations for a long period of time, and the data should be published in the hydrological yearbook or stored for a long time in other ways.
3. Special station
special station
A hydrological station established for specific purposes such as scientific research, engineering construction, management and application. It can be used to supplement the data of the basic station in a region. Its observation items and years depend on the purpose of the station.
4. Hydrological station
flow gauging station
A hydrological station set up on rivers, channels, lakes and reservoirs to measure flow and water level. It can also measure precipitation, evaporation, sediment, water quality and other related items as needed.
5. Water level station
stage gauging stationwww.bzxz.net
A hydrological station that mainly observes water level and can also measure precipitation and other items. 6. Rain gauge station (precipitation station)
raingauge station (precipitation station)
A hydrological station that observes precipitation.
7. Experimental station
Experimental station
A hydrological station or a group of hydrological stations responsible for hydrological experimental research. 8.Water quality station (water quality monitoring station)
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waterqualitymonitoringstationA hydrological station set up to grasp the dynamics of water quality changes in the water system for a long time and to collect and accumulate basic water quality data.
9.Mainstream control station
Main river control station
A hydrological station set up on these rivers to explore the changing laws of the hydrological characteristic values of large rivers and their lengths along the rivers and the needs of flood control.
10.Regional representative station
regional representativestationA hydrological station set up on representative medium rivers to explore the regional laws of hydrological characteristics of medium rivers.
11.Small stream station
Small stream station
A hydrological station set up on representative small rivers to explore the changing laws of small river runoff under various underlying surface conditions.
12.Hydrological network
hydrological network
An organic collection of various hydrological stations in a certain area or basin.
13.Hydrological network planning
hydrological network design
In order to meet the needs of various parties for hydrological data, the overall layout of hydrological stations (including the type, number, location, observation items and years of stations) in a region or basin is carried out according to scientific and economically reasonable principles. 14.Basic network
basicnetwork
An organic collection of basic stations that have been uniformly planned. 15.Density of network
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An indicator reflecting the number of hydrological side stations in a region or basin. It can be expressed as the average area controlled by each station or the number of stations within a certain area. 16. Minimum network allowed
minimumnetwork
A collection of hydrological stations arranged in a certain area.
17. Hydrological division
hydrological region
Different hydrological regions are divided according to the climate, hydrological characteristics and natural geographical conditions of the region. In the same hydrological region, each water body has similar hydrological conditions and changing laws.
18. Basin
basin (catchment, watershed)
A general term for the catchment area surrounded by surface water and groundwater watersheds. It usually refers to the catchment area of surface water.
19. Characteristics of basin
characteristics of basin
A general term for the geometric characteristics, natural geographical conditions and human activities of the basin. The geometric characteristics of a river basin include its shape, area, length, average width, average gradient and average height; the physical geographical characteristics of a river basin include its geographical location, climate conditions, soil and rock properties, geological structure, topography and vegetation; the impact of human activities include water conservancy projects, water conservation measures and urbanization. 20. Drainage area
drainage area
The area enclosed by the watershed divider.
21. Estuary
rivermouth
The section of a river that flows into the ocean, lake or other rivers. It is divided into estuaries into the sea, estuaries into lakes and tributary estuaries.
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The corresponding English term for the estuary that flows into the sea is "estuary". 22. River length
river length
The distance from the river source along the middle line of the river to the river mouth or the section of the measuring station. 23. Hydrographic net: A system of interrelated rivers and other permanent or temporary waterways, lakes, reservoirs, etc. Section 3: Terminology of station establishment and test methods Article 2.3.1: The terminology and meaning of station establishment and test methods for hydrological surveys shall comply with the following provisions: The starting surface for calculating water level and elevation. The base surface can be the multi-year average sea level or an assumed plane at a certain coastal location. 2. Absolute base surface: Absolute datum: The leveling base surface that sets the elevation of the average sea level at a certain coastal location as zero. The standard base surface in my country is the Yellow Sea base surface.
3.Assumed datum
arbitrarydatum
The leveling datum temporarily assumed for calculating the water level or elevation of a hydrological station is often used when there is no national leveling point near the station or when the conditions for connection are temporarily unavailable.
Station datum
stationdatum
A kind of assumed fixed datum used exclusively for hydrological stations. It is usually selected on a datum slightly lower than the lowest water level in history or the lowest point of the riverbed. Engineering 6 Construction Standard Full-text Information System
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5.Frozen datum
stationarydatum
A kind of fixed datum used exclusively for hydrological stations. It is usually fixed to the datum used for the first time at the station as the frozen datum.
6.Benchmark
Benchmark
An elevation control point measured by leveling method. The elevation of this point relative to a certain base surface is known, and it is marked or a stone with a mark is buried. 7. Basic level point
basicbenchmark
Permanent elevation control point of a hydrological station. It should be set at a place above the highest water level in the past years near the station, not easily damaged and easy to measure. 8. Check benchmark
Check benchmark
A control point used to measure and check the elevation of sections, water gauges and other equipment of a hydrological station. It can be set at a place that is convenient for measurement as needed. 9. Cross-section
Cross-section
Cross-section of a river or canal perpendicular to the direction of water flow. 10. Basic gauge cross-section
Basic gauge cross-section
A section set up for regular observation of the water level of a hydrological station. 11. Current meter measuring cross-section
Current meter measuring cross-sectionA section set up for measuring flow using the current meter method. It can be overlapped with the basic water gauge section.
12. Float measuring cross-section
Float measuring cross-section is the upper, middle and lower sections set up for measuring flow using the buoy method. Middle section engineering construction standard full text information system
WDensity of network
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An indicator reflecting the number of hydrological side stations in a region or basin. It can be expressed by the average area controlled by each station or the number of stations in a certain area. 16. Minimum network
Minimum network
A collection of hydrological stations arranged in a certain area.
17. Hydrological division
Hydrological region
Different hydrological regions are divided according to the climate, hydrological characteristics and natural geographical conditions of the region. In the same hydrological region, each water body has similar hydrological conditions and change laws.
18. Basin
basin (catchment, watershed)
A general term for the catchment area surrounded by surface water and groundwater watersheds. It usually refers to the catchment area of surface water.
19. Basin characteristics
characteristics of basin
A general term for the geometric characteristics, natural geographical conditions and human activities of a basin. The geometric characteristics of a basin include the shape, area, length, average width, average gradient and average height of the basin; the natural geographical characteristics of a basin include the geographical location, climatic conditions, soil and rock properties, geological structure, topography and vegetation; the human activities include water conservancy projects, water conservation measures and urbanization. 20. Drainage area
drainage area
The area surrounded by the watershed of a basin.
21. Estuary
rivermouth
The section of a river that flows into the ocean, lake or other rivers. It is divided into estuaries into the sea, estuaries into lakes and tributary estuaries.
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The corresponding English term for the river that flows into the sea estuary is "estuary". 22. River length
River length
The distance from the river source along the middle line of the river to the river mouth or the measuring station section. 23. Hydrographic network
Hydrographic net
The whole composed of interrelated rivers and other permanent or temporary waterways, lakes, reservoirs, etc.
Section 3 Station Setting and Test Method Terminology
Article 2.3.1 The terms and meanings of the station setting and test methods of hydrological surveys shall comply with the following provisions:
The starting surface for calculating water level and elevation. The base surface can be the multi-year average sea level or an assumed plane at a certain place on the coast.
2.Absolute datum
absolute datum
The leveling datum that sets the elevation of the average sea level at a certain coastal location as zero. The standard datum in my country is the Yellow Sea datum.
3.Assumed datum
arbitrarydatum
The leveling datum temporarily assumed to calculate the water level or elevation of a hydrological station, often used when there is no national leveling point near the station or when the conditions for connection are temporarily unavailable.
Station datum
stationdatum
A hypothetical fixed datum used exclusively for hydrological stations. Generally, it is selected on a datum slightly lower than the lowest water level in all previous years or the lowest point of the riverbed. Engineering 6 Construction Standard Full-text Information System
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5.Frozen datum
stationarydatum
A fixed datum used exclusively for hydrological stations. Generally, the base surface used for the first time at the measuring station is fixed as the frozen base surface.
6. Benchmark
An elevation control point measured by the leveling method. The elevation of this point relative to a certain adopted base surface is known, and a mark is set or a marker with a mark is buried. 7. Basic Benchmark
basicbenchmark
A permanent elevation control point of a hydrological measuring station. It should be set at a place above the highest water level in the past years near the measuring station that is not easily damaged and convenient for measurement. 8. Check Benchmark
A control point used to measure and check the elevation of the section, water gauge and other equipment of the hydrological measuring station. It can be set at a place that is convenient for measurement as needed. 9. Cross-section
Cross-section of a river or canal perpendicular to the direction of water flow. 10.Basic gauge cross-section
basic gauge cross-section
A cross-section set up for regular observation of water level at hydrological stations. 11.Current meter measuring cross-section
Current meter measuring cross-sectionA cross-section set up for measuring flow using the current meter method. It can overlap with the basic gauge cross-section.
12.Float measuring cross-section
Float measuring cross-sectionThe upper, middle and lower cross-sections set up for measuring flow using the float method. The middle cross-section Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
WDensity of network
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An indicator reflecting the number of hydrological side stations in a region or basin. It can be expressed by the average area controlled by each station or the number of stations in a certain area. 16. Minimum network
Minimum network
A collection of hydrological stations arranged in a certain area.
17. Hydrological division
Hydrological region
Different hydrological regions are divided according to the climate, hydrological characteristics and natural geographical conditions of the region. In the same hydrological region, each water body has similar hydrological conditions and change laws.
18. Basin
basin (catchment, watershed)
A general term for the catchment area surrounded by surface water and groundwater watersheds. It usually refers to the catchment area of surface water.
19. Basin characteristics
characteristics of basin
A general term for the geometric characteristics, natural geographical conditions and human activities of a basin. The geometric characteristics of a basin include the shape, area, length, average width, average gradient and average height of the basin; the natural geographical characteristics of a basin include the geographical location, climatic conditions, soil and rock properties, geological structure, topography and vegetation; the human activities include water conservancy projects, water conservation measures and urbanization. 20. Drainage area
drainage area
The area surrounded by the watershed of a basin.
21. Estuary
rivermouth
The section of a river that flows into the ocean, lake or other rivers. It is divided into estuaries into the sea, estuaries into lakes and tributary estuaries.
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The corresponding English term for the river that flows into the sea estuary is "estuary". 22. River length
River length
The distance from the river source along the middle line of the river to the river mouth or the measuring station section. 23. Hydrographic network
Hydrographic net
The whole composed of interrelated rivers and other permanent or temporary waterways, lakes, reservoirs, etc.
Section 3 Station Setting and Test Method Terminology
Article 2.3.1 The terms and meanings of the station setting and test methods of hydrological surveys shall comply with the following provisions:
The starting surface for calculating water level and elevation. The base surface can be the multi-year average sea level or an assumed plane at a certain place on the coast.
2.Absolute datum
absolute datum
The leveling datum that sets the elevation of the average sea level at a certain coastal location as zero. The standard datum in my country is the Yellow Sea datum.
3.Assumed datum
arbitrarydatum
The leveling datum temporarily assumed to calculate the water level or elevation of a hydrological station, often used when there is no national leveling point near the station or when the conditions for connection are temporarily unavailable.
Station datum
stationdatum
A hypothetical fixed datum used exclusively for hydrological stations. Generally, it is selected on a datum slightly lower than the lowest water level in all previous years or the lowest point of the riverbed. Engineering 6 Construction Standard Full-text Information System
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5.Frozen datum
stationarydatum
A fixed datum used exclusively for hydrological stations. Generally, the base surface used for the first time at the measuring station is fixed as the frozen base surface.
6. Benchmark
An elevation control point measured by the leveling method. The elevation of this point relative to a certain adopted base surface is known, and a mark is set or a marker with a mark is buried. 7. Basic Benchmark
basicbenchmark
A permanent elevation control point of a hydrological measuring station. It should be set at a place above the highest water level in the past years near the measuring station that is not easily damaged and convenient for measurement. 8. Check Benchmark
A control point used to measure and check the elevation of the section, water gauge and other equipment of the hydrological measuring station. It can be set at a place that is convenient for measurement as needed. 9. Cross-section
Cross-section of a river or canal perpendicular to the direction of water flow. 10.Basic gauge cross-section
basic gauge cross-section
A cross-section set up for regular observation of water level at hydrological stations. 11.Current meter measuring cross-section
Current meter measuring cross-sectionA cross-section set up for measuring flow using the current meter method. It can overlap with the basic gauge cross-section.
12.Float measuring cross-section
Float measuring cross-sectionThe upper, middle and lower cross-sections set up for measuring flow using the float method. The middle cross-section Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
WAssumed datum
arbitrarydatum
A leveling datum temporarily assumed for calculating the water level or elevation of a hydrological station. It is often used when there is no national leveling point near the station or when the conditions for connection are temporarily unavailable.
Station datum
stationdatum
A kind of assumed fixed datum used exclusively for hydrological stations. It is usually selected on a datum slightly lower than the lowest water level in history or the lowest point of the riverbed. Engineering 6 Construction Standard Full-text Information System
W Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
5.Frozen datum
stationarydatum
A kind of fixed datum used exclusively for hydrological stations. It is usually the datum used for the first time at the station that is fixed as the frozen datum.
6.Benchmark
Benchmark
An elevation control point measured by leveling. The elevation of this point relative to a certain base surface is known, and it is marked or a stone with a mark is buried. 7. Basic level point
basicbenchmark
Permanent elevation control point of a hydrological station. It should be set at a place above the highest water level in the past years near the station, not easily damaged and easy to measure. 8. Check benchmark
Check benchmark
A control point used to measure and check the elevation of sections, water gauges and other equipment of a hydrological station. It can be set at a place that is convenient for measurement as needed. 9. Cross-section
Cross-section
Cross-section of a river or canal perpendicular to the direction of water flow. 10. Basic gauge cross-section
Basic gauge cross-section
A section set up for regular observation of the water level of a hydrological station. 11. Current meter measuring cross-section
Current meter measuring cross-sectionA section set up for measuring flow using the current meter method. It can be overlapped with the basic water gauge section.
12. Float measuring cross-section
Float measuring cross-section is the upper, middle and lower sections set up for measuring flow using the buoy method. Middle section engineering construction standard full text information system
WAssumed datum
arbitrarydatum
A leveling datum temporarily assumed for calculating the water level or elevation of a hydrological station. It is often used when there is no national leveling point near the station or when the conditions for connection are temporarily unavailable.
Station datum
stationdatum
A kind of assumed fixed datum used exclusively for hydrological stations. It is usually selected on a datum slightly lower than the lowest water level in history or the lowest point of the riverbed. Engineering 6 Construction Standard Full-text Information System
W Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
5.Frozen datum
stationarydatum
A kind of fixed datum used exclusively for hydrological stations. It is usually the datum used for the first time at the station that is fixed as the frozen datum.
6.Benchmark
Benchmark
An elevation control point measured by leveling. The elevation of this point relative to a certain base surface is known, and it is marked or a stone with a mark is buried. 7. Basic level point
basicbenchmark
Permanent elevation control point of a hydrological station. It should be set at a place above the highest water level in the past years near the station, not easily damaged and easy to measure. 8. Check benchmark
Check benchmark
A control point used to measure and check the elevation of sections, water gauges and other equipment of a hydrological station. It can be set at a place that is convenient for measurement as needed. 9. Cross-section
Cross-section
Cross-section of a river or canal perpendicular to the direction of water flow. 10. Basic gauge cross-section
Basic gauge cross-section
A section set up for regular observation of the water level of a hydrological station. 11. Current meter measuring cross-section
Current meter measuring cross-sectionA section set up for measuring flow using the current meter method. It can be overlapped with the basic water gauge section.
12. Float measuring cross-section
Float measuring cross-section is the upper, middle and lower sections set up for measuring flow using the buoy method. Middle section engineering construction standard full text information system
W
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