Some standard content:
GB/T15835-1995
This standard is formulated on the basis of the "Trial Regulations on the Use of Numbers in Publications" promulgated on January 1, 1987 by seven central departments including the State Language and Writing Commission, the former State Publishing Bureau, and the former State Bureau of Standards. The State Bureau of Technical Supervision suggested in its reply letter [1993390] to the Bureau of Technical Supervision: "In view of the wide range of issues covered by this regulation, various publications are distributed at home and abroad, with a large number and scope. In order to enable all industries across the country to implement this regulation, it is recommended that the content of this regulation be formulated as a national standard. This standard draws on the successful experience of many influential publishing houses and newspapers in China, and refers to relevant materials from the United Kingdom, the former Soviet Union, Japan, and Singapore. Several seminars have been held to solicit opinions from experts in the capital's press, publishing, education, and science and technology circles, especially from Xinhua News Agency, the Ministry of Radio, Film and Television, People's Daily, Liberation Army Daily, People's Publishing House, Commercial Press, Science Press, People's Education Press, and China Encyclopedia Publishing House.
The Arabic numerals have simple strokes, scientific structure, The image is clear and the number group is short, so it is widely used. The purpose of this standard is to make a more scientific and clear division of labor in the use of the two writing systems of Chinese numerals and Arabic numerals, so that the use of numerals in Chinese publications tends to be unified and standardized.
This standard shall be implemented on June 1, 1996. From the date of implementation, the "Trial Rules on the Use of Numerals in Publications" shall be abolished. This standard is proposed and coordinated by the State Language and Writing Commission. The drafting unit of this standard: Language and Writing Application Research Institute of the State Language and Writing Commission. The main drafters of this standard: Wang Jun and Li Bing. 188
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Regulations on the Use of Numerals in Publications
General rules for writing numerals in publicationsGB/T15835—1995
This standard specifies the format of Chinese characters and Arabic numerals used in publications involving numbers (expressing time, length, mass, area, volume and other quantitative values and digital codes).
This standard applies to news newspapers and periodicals at all levels, popular reading materials and professional social science and humanities publications. Natural science and engineering technology publications should also use this standard, and professional details may be formulated. This standard does not apply to literary books and periodicals and re-arranged ancient books. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard Text. The versions shown are valid at the time of publication of this standard. All standards are subject to revision, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T7408-94 Data elements and exchange formats Information exchange date and time representation GB3100-93 International system of units and its application GB3101-93 General principles for quantities, units and symbols GB7713-87 Format for writing scientific and technological reports, degree theses and academic papers GB8170-87 Rules for rounding off values
3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
Physical quantity
Quantity used to quantitatively describe physical phenomena, that is, the quantity used in the field of science and technology to express length, mass, time, current, thermodynamic temperature, amount of substance and luminous intensity. The units used should be legal units of measurement. Non-physical quantityQuantity used in daily life, using general quantifiers. Such as 30 yuan, 45 days, 67 roots, etc. 4 General Principles
4.1 Use Arabic numerals or Chinese numerals. In some cases, the choice is unique and definite. 4.1.1 The numerical values in statistical tables, such as positive and negative integers, decimals, percentages, fractions, proportions, etc., must use Arabic numerals. Example: 48302—125.0334.05%63%~~68%1/42/51:5004.1.2 The numbers used as morphemes in fixed words, phrases, idioms, idioms, abbreviations or words with rhetorical colors must use Chinese characters.
On the one hand, ten drops of water, diploid trilobite, Friday, ferric oxide, 1059 (pesticide internal phosphorus absorption), example: all
City, 25,000-mile Long March, Four Books and Five Classics, May Fourth Movement, Jiusan Society, October 17th, Alliance Louis, Eight-Nation Alliance, 209th Division
Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on December 13, 1995, implemented on June 1, 1996
GB/T 15835—1995
16 October Revolution "Eighth Five-Year Plan" Five Provinces, One City, Five Bureaus, Three Wins System 28 Years of Age 20 Years of Age Zero Point Plan Zero Years of Age Education White Hair Three Thousand Feet Seven Ups and Eight Downs No Matter What Twenty-One Differences Ten Thousand Eight Thousand Miles First Secretary, Second Light Industry Bureau-Three Institutes of the Ministry of Machinery Third Quarter, Fourth Front Army Thirteenth Central Committee Fourth Plenary Session 4.2 Use Arabic numerals or Chinese characters. In some cases, such as years, months, days, physical quantities, non-physical quantities, codes, and numbers in codes, the current format is not unified. In this case, it is required that Arabic numerals should be used wherever they can be used and are very appropriate, especially when the number represented is relatively accurate. In special cases, or to avoid ambiguity, flexibility can be used, but the format of the whole article should be relatively unified.
5 Time (century, decade, year, month, day, time) 5.1 Situations requiring the use of Arabic numerals
5.1.1 Gregorian century, decade, year, month, day Examples: 8th century BC 1980s 440 BC 7 AD October 1, 1994 5.1.1.1 Years are generally not abbreviated. For example: 1990 should not be abbreviated as "九０年" or "９０年". 5.1.1.2 In citations, text notes, tables, indexes, chronologies, etc., the year, month, and day may be marked in the extended format of 5.2.1.1 of GB/T7408---94. For example: September 30, 1994 and October 1, 1994 may be written as 1994-09-30 and 1994-10-01 respectively, and still read as September 30, 1994 and October 1, 1994. Use a hyphen "_" between the year, month and day. When the month and day are single digits, add "_" to the tens place.
5.1.2 Hours, minutes and seconds
Example: 4:15:40 (3:40 p.m.) '14:12:36 Note: If necessary, the expanded format in 5.3.1.1 of GB/T7408-94 can be used. This format uses a daily 24-hour timekeeping system, and the separators for hours, minutes and seconds are colons ",".
Example: 04:00 (4 o'clock), 15:40 (15:40), 14:12:36 (14:12:36) 5.2 Situations requiring the use of Chinese characters
5.2.1 China's Thousand-Year Calendar and Xia Calendar Months and Days
Example: October 15th, 12th month of the year of Bingyin, 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, fifth day of the first lunar month, 15th day of the eighth lunar month, Mid-Autumn Festival 5.2.2 China's historical chronology during the Qing Dynasty and before, and non-Gregorian chronology of various ethnic groups These chronologies should not be mixed with Gregorian months and days, and the Gregorian calendar should be enclosed in Arabic numerals. Example: The 44th year of Qin Wengong (722 BC) The 24th day of the 9th month of the 10th year of Gengshen in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (the 20th day of the 9th month of the 10th year of Weifeng in the Qing Dynasty, November 2, 1860 AD) The 26th day of the 8th month of the Yangmu Dragon Year in the Tibetan calendar (October 1, 1964) The 3rd year of Keio in Japan (1867)
5.2.3 Phrases containing abbreviations of months and days to indicate events, festivals, and other meanings, if January, November, or December is involved, the numerals representing the month and day should be separated by a separator "." and enclosed in quotation marks to avoid ambiguity. When other months are involved, separators are not used. Whether to use quotation marks depends on the popularity of the event. Example 1: "January 28" Incident (January 28) "December 9" Movement (December 9) "January 17" Directive (January 17) One: 10\ Case (November 10)
Example 2: May 4th Movement May 30th Movement July 7th Incident May 1st International Labor Day "May 20th" Statement "September 13th Incident 6 Physical Quantity
Physical quantity values must be expressed in Arabic numerals and legal measurement units must be used correctly. Chinese symbols may be used for measurement units in primary and junior high school textbooks and non-professional science and technology books and periodicals.
Example 8736.80km (8736.80km) 600g (600g) 100kg～150kg (100.kg～150kg) 12.5m2 (12.5 square meters) The overall dimensions are 400mm×200mm×300mm (400mm×200mm×300mm) 34℃～39C (34℃～39℃) 0.59A (0.59 ampere) 190
7 Non-physical quantities
7.1 Arabic numerals should be used in general. GB/T15835—1995
Example: 21.35 yuan 45.60,000 yuan 270 US dollars 29 billion pounds 48 years 11 months 1480 people 46,000 books 600 pictures 550 names
7.2 Integers from one to ten can be written in Chinese characters if they do not appear in a group of numbers with statistical significance, but the context must be taken into consideration to achieve consistency in local style.
Example 1: - Three books, four products, six opinions, read ten times, five percentage points Example 2: As of September 1984, there were 6 journalism departments, 7 journalism majors, 1 journalism class, 274 full-time journalism teachers, and 1561 students in colleges and universities in China.
8 Multi-digit integers and decimals
8.1 Sectioning of multi-digit integers and decimals written in Arabic numerals 8.1.1 Sectioning method for professional scientific and technological publications: Starting from the decimal point, every three digits to the left and right are grouped together, with a space of one-quarter of a Chinese character (half of an Arabic numeral) between groups. Example: 27484563.14159265
8.1.2 If it is difficult to leave four spaces for typesetting in non-professional scientific and technological publications, the traditional method of dividing the text into sections by thousandths may still be used. Decimal parts do not need to be divided into sections. Integers within four digits may also not need to be divided into sections. Example: 2,748,4563.1415926587038.2 Pure decimals written in Arabic numerals must be written with the "0" before the decimal point. The decimal point is a black dot "" that is flush with the bottom line. Example: 0.46 should not be written as .46 or 0.468.3 Writing of integer values with multiple "\0" at the end 8.3.1 Professional scientific and technological publications shall be handled in accordance with the rules on numerical rounding in GB8170-87. 8.3.2. The numerical values in non-scientific and technological publications can generally be written as "ten thousand" or "hundred million". Example: Three hundred and forty-five million can be written as 345,000,000, or as 345 million or 345 million, but generally should not be written as 345 million.
8.4 For large and precise numbers, in order to facilitate positioning of readings or line shifting, as a special case, " "Hundred million" and "million" are used as units. Example: The population of my country in the 1982 census was 1,081,752,888, and the population in the 1990 census was 1,133,682,501.
8.5 A value written in Arabic numerals should avoid breaking and moving lines. 8.6 When a value written in Arabic numerals represents a range of values, a wavy connector "~" is used. Example: 150 km to 200 km 36℃ to -8℃ 2,500 yuan to 3,000 yuan 9 Approximate numbers and approximate divisors
9.1 When two adjacent numbers are used in parallel to represent approximate numbers, Chinese characters must be used, and the two numbers used in parallel must not be separated by a comma, ". Example: two or three meters one or two hours three or five days three or four months thirteen or four tons one or twenty forty-five or six years old seven or eighty kinds two or three hundred flights one thousand seven or eight hundred yuan fifty or sixty thousand sets 9.2 Numbers with the character "几" represent approximate divisors, and Chinese characters must be used. Examples: thousands of years, dozens of days, hundreds of times, hundreds of thousands of times, 9.3, approximate numbers expressed by "more", "surplus", "left and right", "up and down", "about", etc. are generally expressed in Chinese characters. If a group of numbers with statistical and comparative significance appears in the text, including both precise numbers and approximate numbers expressed by "more", "surplus", etc., in order to maintain consistency in the local style, the approximate numbers can also be expressed in Arabic numerals.
Example 1: This association has held more than ten national awards, and more than one thousand winning works have been awarded. The association has absorbed about three thousand members, of which two-thirds are accomplished young and middle-aged people. In addition, there are branches in thirty provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government. Example 2: The province took out 19 million yuan from its flexible financial resources and allocated more than 3,000 tons of steel , more than 20,000 tons of cement, and 1,400 tons of diesel were used for farmland water conservancy construction.
10 Codes, codes and serial numbers
Arab numerals shall be used for military unit numbers, file numbers, certificate numbers and other serial numbers. Ordinal numbers cannot be divided into sections even if they are multiple digits. Example: 84062 Military National Standard GB2312-80 State Council Document No. [1987] 9 Total No. 3147 Domestic Unified Publication No. CN11-139921/22 Special Express HP-3000 Electronic Computer No. 85 Gasoline Vitamin B1211 Citations
In citations, Arabic numerals are generally used for edition, volume and page numbers, except for ancient books which should be consistent with the version they are based on. Example 1: Lenin: "The New China", see "The Complete Works of Lenin", Chinese 2nd Edition, Volume 22, Page 208, Beijing , People's Publishing House, 1990. Example 2: Liu Shaoqi: On the Cultivation of Communist Party Members, revised 2nd edition, 76 pages, Beijing, People's Publishing House, 1962. Example 3: Li Siguang: Crustal Structure and Crustal Movement, in Chinese Science, 1973 (4), 400-429 pages. Example 4: Xu Shen: Shuowen Jiezi, photocopy of Chen Changzhi's edition, 126 pages, Beijing, Zhonghua Book Company, 1963. Example 5: Xu Shen: Shuowen Jiezi, Sibu Congkan Edition, Volume 6, Page 9. 12 Numbers in horizontal titles
When horizontal titles involve numbers, they can be handled appropriately according to the actual needs and possibilities of the layout. 13 Numbers in vertical articles
Horizontal layout is recommended. If physical quantities are involved in many places in the text, horizontal layout is more appropriate. Numbers involved in vertical text should be kept except for Arabic numerals that must be retained. Except for numbers, Chinese characters should be used. Arabic numerals, foreign letters and symbols that must be retained should be rotated 90 degrees clockwise. Ping
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Example—
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GB/T15835-1995
Arabic numerals in publications should generally use the standard two-part body, that is, occupy half the position of Chinese characters. 1932Numbers with the character "几" (few) indicate approximate numbers, and Chinese characters must be used. Examples: thousands of years, dozens of days, a hundred, dozens of times, hundreds of thousands, one in 9.3Approximate numbers expressed by "more", "excess", "left and right", "up and down", "about", etc. are generally expressed in Chinese characters. If a group of numbers with statistical and comparative significance appears in the text, including both precise numbers and approximate numbers expressed by "more", "excess", etc., in order to maintain consistency in the local style, Arabic numerals can also be used for the approximate numbers.
Example 1: This association has held more than ten national awards, and more than one thousand winning works have been awarded. The association has absorbed about three thousand members, of which two-thirds are accomplished young and middle-aged people. In addition, there are branches in thirty provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government. Example 2: The province took out 19 million yuan from its flexible financial resources and allocated more than 3,000 tons of steel , more than 20,000 tons of cement, and 1,400 tons of diesel were used for farmland water conservancy construction.
10 Codes, codes and serial numbers
Arab numerals shall be used for military unit numbers, file numbers, certificate numbers and other serial numbers. Ordinal numbers cannot be divided into sections even if they are multiple digits. Example: 84062 Military National Standard GB2312-80 State Council Document No. [1987] 9 Total No. 3147 Domestic Unified Publication No. CN11-139921/22 Special Express HP-3000 Electronic Computer No. 85 Gasoline Vitamin B1211 Citations
In citations, Arabic numerals are generally used for edition, volume and page numbers, except for ancient books which should be consistent with the version they are based on. Example 1: Lenin: "The New China", see "The Complete Works of Lenin", Chinese 2nd Edition, Volume 22, Page 208, Beijing , People's Publishing House, 1990. Example 2: Liu Shaoqi: On the Cultivation of Communist Party Members, revised 2nd edition, 76 pages, Beijing, People's Publishing House, 1962. Example 3: Li Siguang: Crustal Structure and Crustal Movement, in Chinese Science, 1973 (4), 400-429 pages. Example 4: Xu Shen: Shuowen Jiezi, photocopy of Chen Changzhi's edition, 126 pages, Beijing, Zhonghua Book Company, 1963. Example 5: Xu Shen: Shuowen Jiezi, Sibu Congkan Edition, Volume 6, Page 9. 12 Numbers in horizontal titles
When horizontal titles involve numbers, they can be handled appropriately according to the actual needs and possibilities of the layout. 13 Numbers in vertical articles
Horizontal layout is recommended. If physical quantities are involved in many places in the text, horizontal layout is more appropriate. Numbers involved in vertical text should be kept except for Arabic numerals that must be retained. Except for numbers, Chinese characters should be used. Arabic numerals, foreign letters and symbols that must be retained should be rotated 90 degrees clockwise. Ping
returned to Base
at 0:30 on August 6th. After sailing for thirteen days, the salvage ship No. 1 was in Tai
Example 2"
, the repair rate
was only 0.1%
Example—
35 watts, the market price is 2,050. The capacity is
Snowflake BCD188#
188 liters\ The power is
Type home telephone
14 fonts
GB/T15835-1995
Arabic numerals in publications should generally use the standard two-part body, that is, occupy half the position of Chinese characters. 1932Numbers with the character "几" (few) indicate approximate numbers, and Chinese characters must be used. Examples: thousands of years, dozens of days, a hundred, dozens of times, hundreds of thousands, one in 9.3Approximate numbers expressed by "more", "excess", "left and right", "up and down", "about", etc. are generally expressed in Chinese characters. If a group of numbers with statistical and comparative significance appears in the text, including both precise numbers and approximate numbers expressed by "more", "excess", etc., in order to maintain consistency in the local style, Arabic numerals can also be used for the approximate numbers.
Example 1: This association has held more than ten national awards, and more than one thousand winning works have been awarded. The association has absorbed about three thousand members, of which two-thirds are accomplished young and middle-aged people. In addition, there are branches in thirty provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government. Example 2: The province took out 19 million yuan from its flexible financial resources and allocated more than 3,000 tons of steel , more than 20,000 tons of cement, and 1,400 tons of diesel were used for farmland water conservancy construction.
10 Codes, codes and serial numbers
Arab numerals shall be used for military unit numbers, file numbers, certificate numbers and other serial numbers. Ordinal numbers cannot be divided into sections even if they are multiple digits. Example: 84062 Military National Standard GB2312-80 State Council Document No. [1987] 9 Total No. 3147 Domestic Unified Publication No. CN11-139921/22 Special Express HP-3000 Electronic Computer No. 85 Gasoline Vitamin B1211 Citations
In citations, Arabic numerals are generally used for edition, volume and page numbers, except for ancient books which should be consistent with the version they are based on. Example 1: Lenin: "The New China", see "The Complete Works of Lenin", Chinese 2nd Edition, Volume 22, Page 208, Beijing , People's Publishing House, 1990. Example 2: Liu Shaoqi: On the Cultivation of Communist Party Members, revised 2nd edition, 76 pages, Beijing, People's Publishing House, 1962. Example 3: Li Siguang: Crustal Structure and Crustal Movement, in Chinese Science, 1973 (4), 400-429 pages. Example 4: Xu Shen: Shuowen Jiezi, photocopy of Chen Changzhi's edition, 126 pages, Beijing, Zhonghua Book Company, 1963. Example 5: Xu Shen: Shuowen Jiezi, Sibu Congkan Edition, Volume 6, Page 9. 12 Numbers in horizontal titles
When horizontal titles involve numbers, they can be handled appropriately according to the actual needs and possibilities of the layout. 13 Numbers in vertical articles
Horizontal layout is recommended. If physical quantities are involved in many places in the text, horizontal layout is more appropriate. Numbers involved in vertical text should be kept except for Arabic numerals that must be retained. Except for numbers, Chinese characters should be used. Arabic numerals, foreign letters and symbols that must be retained should be rotated 90 degrees clockwise. Ping
returned to Base
at 0:30 on August 6th. After sailing for thirteen days, the salvage ship No. 1 was in TaiwwW.bzxz.Net
Example 2"
, the repair rate
was only 0.1%
Example—
35 watts, the market price is 2,050. The capacity is
Snowflake BCD188#
188 liters\ The power is
Type home telephone
14 fonts
GB/T15835-1995
Arabic numerals in publications should generally use the standard two-part body, that is, occupy half the position of Chinese characters. 193
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