This standard specifies the basic requirements for the comprehensive evaluation of the breed characteristics, appearance characteristics, production performance, pedigree breeding value and good breed registration of Chinese Simmental cattle. This standard applies to the breed identification and grade evaluation of Chinese Simmental cattle. GB 19166-2003 Chinese Simmental cattle GB19166-2003 standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

ICS 65.D20.30
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB 191662003
Chinese Simmental
2003-06-02 Issued
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
2003-11-01 Implementation
Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C and Appendix D of this standard are normative appendices. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. The drafting unit of this standard: Institute of Animal Husbandry, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The main drafters of this standard: Chen Youchun, Xu Shangzhong, Li Baotai, Liu Shengwu, Bi Junya, Ren Hongyan and Gan Yachun. GB19166—2003
1 Scope
Chinese Simmental Cattle
GB 19166—2003
This standard specifies the basic requirements for the comprehensive evaluation and good registration of the breed characteristics, appearance features, production performance, pedigree breeding values ​​of Chinese Simmental Cattle.
This standard is applicable to the quality identification and grade evaluation of Chinese Simmental Cattle. 2 Normative References
The clauses in the following documents also become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For all the referenced documents with dates, all the subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, the parties who reach an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For all the referenced documents without dates, the latest versions shall apply to this standard. GB/T4143-1984 Frozen Semen of Cattle
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1
Breed
A group of livestock with high economic value and breeding value, common origin, similar production performance and morphological characteristics between individuals, and the ability to stably pass on their main characteristics. 3.2
Dual-purpase breed
A breed with two or more main economic uses. 3.3
Chinese Simmental Chinese Simmental is a breed of German, Soviet and Qi Simmental cattle introduced in the 1950s, 1970s and early 1980s. After progressive crossbreeding with local cattle under the ecological conditions of China, the excellent individuals of the high-generation improved cattle were selected and bred. It is a dual-purpose dairy and meat breed. Mainly bred in the dry plains of the northwest, the severe cold grasslands of the northeast and Inner Mongolia, the hot and subalpine areas of central and southern China, the Qinghai and Tibetan Plateaus in the agricultural areas of North China and other plain agricultural areas, it has a wide range of adaptability and is suitable for grazing and semi-grazing conditions. It has stable milk production performance, high milk fat content and dry matter content, fast growth, excellent body quality, stable genetics and good performance in use. 3.4
Pedigree registration is a breeding measure that centrally registers the pedigree, production performance and body shape and appearance of excellent breeds that meet the standards of this variety in a special breeding registration book.
Pedigree (pedigree)
A document that records the number, name, date of birth, production performance, growth and development performance, breeding value and identification results of the breed's ancestors.
Comprehensive test
A method of comprehensively evaluating the quality of breeding stock based on its body structure, appearance, growth and development, and production performance. GB19166—2003
Crossing
Mating between individuals of the same breed or group. 3.8
Grading
A method of mating a female of a superior breed with a female of a breed with low production performance (generally a local breed) for successive generations (generally more than four generations) so that the production performance and other traits of the hybrid offspring gradually approach those of the superior breed. 3.9
A method of calculating 305-day milk yield. In a lactation period, if the number of lactation days exceeds 305 days, and the number of lactation days in the first 305 days of the lactation period is less than 305 days, the milk production shall be calculated based on the actual number of lactation days: 3.10
Breed valuebrecdirg valte
The measured value of the ability of individual economic traits to be passed on to offspring: 4 Breed appearance characteristics and production performance
4.1 Appearance characteristics
Medium Simmental cattle have a deep, wide and high body, a well-proportioned knot, a strong physique, well-developed muscles, agile movements, shiny coat, red (yellow) and white coat color, and neatly distributed petals. The head is white or with a collar, the tail tip, hooves and abdomen are white, the horns and hooves are waxy yellow, the udder is flesh-colored, the udder is well developed, and the structure is uniform and compact.
4.2 Production Performance
4.2. 1 Milk Production
Registration of milk production: Registration and grade assessment shall be carried out based on 305-day milk production. After the first, third or subsequent lactation period, if the milk production performance grade of lactating cows has improved, the higher grade shall be the final grade. The milk production grade standards vary according to different groups, please refer to Tables 1 to 3 for details.
Core population farm
Fetal drink of cows
Table 2 Breeding and expansion farm
Fetal drink of cows
Unit: grams
And parity 3 and above
Unit: dry grams
And parity 3 and above
4. 2. 2 Milk fat rate
General breeding farm
Except parity 1
CH19166—2003
Unit: dry grams
And parity 3 and above
The milk fat rate of the whole milk is 1.0% when the milk yield reaches 4(100kg) during lactation. For every additional 1000kg of milk yield at each parity, the milk fat rate is allowed to decrease by 1%.
4.2.3 Body weight
Cows at 6 At the age of 1 month, males reaching 200 kg are considered special grade, and those below 170 kg are considered second-class cattle; females reaching 180 kg are considered special grade, and those below 150 kg are considered second-class cattle. The weight grade standards for male and female cows at different ages are shown in Table 1. Table 4 Standard body grade standards for male and female Simmental cattle at different ages in China Age
6 months old
12 catties old
15 Months of age
24 months of age
36 months of age
60 months of age
: The weight is based on the most recent weight when the cow is fully grown, and the weight of the dairy cow is based on the weight within one to two months after the cow is produced. 4.2.4 Meat production performance
Unit: dry grams
After short-term fattening, the traction rate of bulls or cattle over 18 years of age reaches 54%~56%, and the net meat rate is 44%~46%. The slaughter rate of adult bulls and strong fattened cattle reaches more than 60%, and the net meat rate reaches more than 50%. White 5 months to 18 months old The average daily weight gain of bulls aged 1 month or 24 months is 1kg to 1.1kg; cows 0.7kg to 0.8kg. Meat production performance is an auxiliary indicator for the evaluation of the weight of supplementary bulls. Adult cattle that meet the above indicators of meat production performance after trading are also classified as special grade even if their body size is only this grade.
4.2.5 Body size
In areas where there are no weighing conditions, weight measurement is not required. Individuals that meet the body size standards listed in the table when they are adults are qualified. Table 5 Body size standards (lower limit) of Chinese Simmental cattle or yearlings
4. 3 Reproductive performance
Unit: cm
4.3.1 The bulls are officially semen-collected at 18 months of age. In addition to the breeding characteristics meeting the requirements, the testicle circumference is larger than that of the inter-group inter-age bulls, and the semen quality meets the requirements of GB/T41431981.
4.3.2 Cows are in estrus all year round, and the mating age is 18 months and the weight is about 380 kg. The estrus cycle is 18 to 21 days, the estrus characteristics are obvious, and the estrus period is 282 to 290 days.
GB19166-2003
5 Grade evaluation
5.1 Appearance scoring grade
The appearance grade standards of bulls and cows are shown in Table 6, and the evaluation method is shown in Appendix A Appendix R. Table 6 Appearance Grade Standards (Lower Limit) for Chinese Simmental Bulls and Cows Grade
5.2 Pedigree Breeding Value
Unit: points
Each cow in the breeding farm must be pedigree registered. For cows that are difficult to mark in the core group, the pedigree breeding value must be calculated. Pedigree breeding value is a performance prediction indicator before the bull is identified and the cow has no milk production record. It is not used as a basis for grade division. Pedigree breeding value is a necessary reference for cattle to be put on the market in the above cases. The calculation formula of pedigree breeding value is Appendix (
5.3 Comprehensive evaluation
The comprehensive evaluation method of this breed is to set a minimum standard for weight and appearance, and then conduct a comprehensive evaluation based on milk production performance. 5.3.1 Comprehensive evaluation grades of cows are shown in Table 7. Table 7 Comprehensive evaluation grades of Chinese Simmental cows Milk production performance
Grade 3 or below
-- or special grade
or special grade
Grade 3 or above
Grade 2 or other grade
· or special grade
Grade 1 or above
Grade 2 or other grade
Comprehensive evaluation
Special grade·
For cows with special milk production performance, if their weight is only -- and their appearance score is lower than -, their comprehensive score can be special. If their appearance score is lower than -, their comprehensive score is -.
b Weight and other factors are not lower than grade -, but appearance is not lower than grade 2, and the comprehensive evaluation grade is determined by the milking performance grade. . For milking performance of grade 1, the weight and appearance of the bulls are not lower than grade 2. The comprehensive evaluation grade is grade 2. d For milking performance of grade 1, the weight and appearance of the bulls are lower than grade 10, and the comprehensive evaluation grade is grade 5.3.2 The comprehensive evaluation of the bulls shall be based on the results of the progeny test. The bull breeding value shall be based on the ranking of the total performance index (IPI) composed of BI and IIP breeding values ​​published by the Simmental Breeding Committee of the four countries. Before this value is published, it shall be based on the test values ​​of the progeny of the bulls reported by each farm recognized by the technical group of the Simmental Breeding Committee of China. 5.3.3 The bulls shall not be comprehensively evaluated, and only the weight and appearance grade shall be noted. Any cow whose milk production is higher than the average milk production of the herd in the farm shall be registered as a pedigree breeding value.
6 Good Breed Registration
Any individual cow that meets the following conditions can be included in the Good Breed Registration: a) Any purebred or three-generation improved hybrid cow, which is rated as special grade in comprehensive evaluation. 1) Any bull whose weight and mother's milk production performance are special grade and appearance are above one grade, and who has no defects in reproduction and birth. 2) Any hybrid cow whose milk production performance exceeds the level of special grade cow, and whose weight and appearance meet the corresponding standards, can also be included in the Good Breed Registration as an exception.
d) A breeding farm whose herd milk production exceeds 4200kg, or whose number of cows registered in the Good Breed Registration exceeds 50%, is an excellent breeding farm.
Breed characteristicswwW.bzxz.Net
Overall structure
Body
Udder system
Breed characteristics
Overall structure
Udder system
Appendix A
(Normative record)
Chinese Simmental cattle appearance identification scoring standard table A.1
Appearance characteristics standard
Purebred Simmental cattle are red (yellow) and white, with white head, prominent glandular secretion at the tip of the tail, mostly white udder, and flesh-colored nose. The bull has a natural downward trend, which is different from the front of the bull. The thorax of the European bull is obvious: the body width is equal, the hindquarters are well developed, the bull's body muscles are obvious, and the cow's horns are left-handed and turned upward. The male horns are heavy or raised, not equal to the body width and length, but not too high. The body is strong and well-balanced, and the posture is elegant. The limbs are well-proportioned, without coarseness.
The buttocks are deep and wide, the ribs are well-developed, the edges and corners are not obvious, the breasts are relatively full, the waist is thick but not sagging, and it is a carbon-based body.
The front and back nipples are evenly distributed, without drooping nipples, the udder suspension is firm, soft and elastic, the front and back extensions are good, the udder veins are varicose, and the coat is smooth. Appendix B
(Normative Appendix)
Full score for bulls
Detailed score of the four major items of appearance of Chinese Simmental cattle in China, and the full score value table B.1
Detailed division
! Coat color, head shape
Appearance, special features
Rescued structure
Muscle development
Body balance. Constitution
Bone and thigh
Mammary area and teat
Volume and udder quality
Mammary vein
Bull full score
(B 19166—2003
Cow full score
Cow full score
GE 19166—2003
Appendix℃
[Normative Appendix)
Calculation method of pedigree breeding value
Pedigree breeding value can be calculated by considering the breeding values ​​of its father and mother according to formula (1): HBV -- 0. 5(BV + BVm)
Wu Zhong:
PBV·Pedigree breeding value:
Father breeding value:
HMother breeding value.
Among them, the calculation formula of BV is:
BV.. - .(M-- P)
When the milk production efficiency is 0.25, 0.25, if the milk production of the father (M) is 200 more than the average milk production of the herd (), the BV-0.22009-500kg, HV is the father's breeding value, which is the result of the subsequent identification. When the father's offspring identification is completed, the father's pedigree breeding value can be indicated. Appendix D
(Normative Appendix)
Total performance indexPhysique
Bone and thigh
Masturbation area and teat
Volume and udder quality
Masturbation vein
Bull full score
(B 19166—2003
Cow full score
Cow full score
GE 19166—2003
Appendix℃
[Normative Appendix)
Calculation method of pedigree breeding value
Pedigree breeding value can be calculated by considering the breeding values ​​of its father and mother according to formula (1): HBV -- 0.5(BV + BVm)
Wu Zhong:
PBV·Pedigree breeding value:
Father breeding value:
HMother breeding value.
Among them, the calculation formula of BV is:
BV.. - .(M-- P)
When the milk production efficiency is 0.25, 0.25, if the milk production of the father (M) is 200 more than the average milk production of the herd (), the BV-0.22009-500kg, HV is the father's breeding value, which is the result of the subsequent identification. When the father's offspring identification is completed, the father's pedigree breeding value can be indicated. Appendix D
(Normative Appendix)
Total performance indexPhysique
Bone and thigh
Masturbation area and teat
Volume and udder quality
Masturbation vein
Bull full score
(B 19166—2003
Cow full score
Cow full score
GE 19166—2003
Appendix℃
[Normative Appendix)
Calculation method of pedigree breeding value
Pedigree breeding value can be calculated by considering the breeding values ​​of its father and mother according to formula (1): HBV -- 0.5(BV + BVm)
Wu Zhong:
PBV·Pedigree breeding value:
Father breeding value:
HMother breeding value.
Among them, the calculation formula of BV is:
BV.. - .(M-- P)
When the milk production efficiency is 0.25, 0.25, if the milk production of the father (M) is 200 more than the average milk production of the herd (), the BV-0.22009-500kg, HV is the father's breeding value, which is the result of the subsequent identification. When the father's offspring identification is completed, the father's pedigree breeding value can be indicated. Appendix D
(Normative Appendix)
Total performance index
Tip: This standard content only shows part of the intercepted content of the complete standard. If you need the complete standard, please go to the top to download the complete standard document for free.