GBJ 61-1983 Design specification for industrial and civil overhead power lines up to 35 kV GBJ61-83
Some standard content:
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Design Standard
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Design Specification for Overhead Power Lines for Industrial and Civil Use up to 35 kV
GBJ61-83
(Trial)
1984 Beijing
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Design Specification for Overhead Power Lines for Industrial and Civil Use up to 35 kV
GBJ61-83
(Trial)
Editor Department, Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power of the People's Republic of China Approval Department: China State Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China Trial date: June 1, 1984
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Notice on Issuing Fourteen Design Standards, including "Design Standards for Industrial and Civilian Power Supply Systems" and "Design Standards for Industrial and Civilian 35kV Substations"
According to the requirements of the former State Construction Commission (71) Jian Ge Han Zi No. 150 Notice, fourteen design standards, including "Design Standards for Industrial and Civilian Power Supply Systems" and "Design Standards for Industrial and Civilian 35kV Substations", jointly compiled by the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power, the Ministry of Machinery Industry and relevant units, have been reviewed by relevant departments. These fourteen design standards are now approved as national standards and will be implemented on a trial basis from June 1, 1984. The names, numbers and management units of the fourteen specifications are as follows: "Design Specifications for Industrial and Civil Power Supply Systems" GBJ52-83 is managed by the Ministry of Machinery Industry, and its specific interpretation and other work is the responsibility of the Second Design Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry.
"Design Specifications for Industrial and Civil 10kV and Below Substations" GBJ53-83 is managed by the Ministry of Machinery Industry, and its specific interpretation and other work is the responsibility of the Eighth Design Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry.
"Design Specifications for Low-voltage Distribution Devices and Lines" GBJ54-83 is managed by the Ministry of Machinery Industry, and its specific interpretation and other work is the responsibility of the Eighth Design Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry.
"Design Specifications for Power Installations for Industrial and Civil General Equipment" GBJ55-4,
83 is managed by the Ministry of Machinery Industry, and its specific interpretation and other work is the responsibility of the Seventh Design Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry.
5. "Design Code for Electric Heating Equipment and Power Installation" GBJ56-83 is managed by the Ministry of Machinery Industry, and its specific interpretation and other work is the responsibility of the Design and Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry.
6. "Design Code for Building Lightning Protection" GBJ57-83 is managed by the Ministry of Machinery Industry, and its specific interpretation and other work is the responsibility of the Design and Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry.
7. "Design Code for Electric Installation in Explosion and Fire Hazardous Places" GBJ58-
83 is managed by the Ministry of Chemical Industry, and its specific interpretation and other work is the responsibility of the Chemical Design Company of the Ministry of Chemical Industry.
8. "Design Code for Industrial and Civil 35kV Substation" GBJ59-83 is managed by the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power, and its specific interpretation and other work is the responsibility of the East China Electric Power Design Institute of the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power.
IX. "Design Specifications for Industrial and Civil 35kV High Voltage Distribution Equipment" GBJ60-
83 is managed by the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power, and its specific interpretation and other work is the responsibility of the Northwest Electric Power Design Institute of the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power.
X. "Design Specifications for Industrial and Civil 35kV and Below Overhead Power Lines" GBJ61-83 is managed by the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power, and its specific interpretation and other work is the responsibility of the Beijing Power Supply Bureau of the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power.
XI. "Design Specifications for Relay Protection and Automatic Devices for Industrial and Civil Power Installations" GBJ62-83 is managed by the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power, and its specific interpretation and other work is the responsibility of the Northeast Electric Power Design Institute of the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power. XII. "Design Specifications for Electrical Measuring Instruments for Industrial and Civil Power Installations" GBJ63-83 is managed by the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power, and its specific interpretation and other work is the responsibility of the Southwest Electric Power Design Institute of the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power.
13. "Design Specification for Overvoltage Protection of Industrial and Civilian Power Installations" GBJ64-83 is managed by the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power, and its specific interpretation and other work is the responsibility of the High Voltage Research Institute of the Electric Power Research Institute of the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power. 14. "Design Specification for Grounding of Industrial and Civilian Power Installations" GBJ65-83 is managed by the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power, and its specific interpretation and other work is the responsibility of the High Voltage Research Institute of the Electric Power Research Institute of the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power.
State Planning Commission
November 7, 1983
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
W.bzsoso.coI1
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Preparation Instructions
This specification was prepared by the former Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power Planning and Design Administration and relevant units in accordance with the Notice No. 150 of the former National Capital Construction Commission (71) Jian Ge Han Zi.
During the preparation process, we conducted extensive investigations and studies, summarized the experience of overhead power line engineering design and production and operation since the founding of the People's Republic of China, widely solicited opinions from relevant units across the country, and reviewed and revised the final version together with relevant departments. The main contents of this specification include: general principles, route selection, meteorological conditions, conductors, insulators and hardware, conductor arrangement, pole towers and foundations, distance to the ground and crossing. In view of the fact that this specification is compiled for the first time, some contents need to be supplemented and improved in future work practice. During the trial implementation of this specification, if it is found that it needs to be modified or supplemented, please send your opinions and materials directly to the Beijing Power Supply Bureau of the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power and copy them to the Power Planning and Design Institute of our ministry for reference in future revisions. Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power
November 1983
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Appendix 2
Path Selection
600000000000000000000000006
Weather Conditions
Wires, Insulation Sub and fittings
Conductor arrangement
Tower and foundation·
Distance to the ground and crossing
Typical meteorological zone
Terminology used in this specification
Engineering construction standard full text information system
........
Engineering construction standard full text information system
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1.0.1 The design of overhead power lines must conscientiously implement the national technical and economic policies, and should ensure: personal safety, reliable power supply, advanced technology and economic rationality.
Article 1.0.2 The design of overhead power lines should correctly handle the relationship between short-term construction and long-term development according to the characteristics, scale and development plan of the project, and combine the long-term and short-term, with the short-term as the main focus.
Article 1.0.3 The design of overhead power lines must start from the overall situation, take into account all aspects, and reasonably determine the design plan according to the load nature, power consumption capacity and project characteristics.
Article 1.0.4 The design of overhead power lines must adhere to the principle of land conservation, and try not to occupy good farmland and occupy less farmland.
Article 1.0.5 This specification applies to the design of newly built overhead power lines of 35 kV and below in various industries such as industry, transportation, power, post and telecommunications, finance and trade, culture and education. This specification does not apply to overhead power lines with two lines and one ground system and overhead lines designed according to special standards (such as railway signal automatic block lines, tram lines, etc.), as well as overhead power lines with metal sheaths.
Article 1.0.6 The design of overhead power lines shall still comply with the provisions of the current relevant national standards and specifications.
Chapter II Path Selection
Article 2.0.1 The path of overhead power lines, the selection of conductor cross-sections and the reserved corridors in urban planning areas can be determined according to the development plan of power load in 510 years. Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
No. 2.0.2. The selection of the path and pole position of overhead power lines shall meet the following requirements:
1. Comprehensively consider factors such as operation, construction, traffic conditions and path length;
2. Minimize the occupation of farmland;
3. Take effective measures to prevent the impact on adjacent facilities such as radio stations and weak current lines;
4. Minimize the intersection with other facilities;
5. Avoid production plants, warehouses, storage tanks, etc. with explosives, flammable materials and flammable liquids (gases);
6. Avoid depressions, erosion areas and places that are easily hit by vehicles;
7. Do not cause difficulties in traffic and mechanized farming;
8. Coordinate with urban planning.
Chapter III Meteorological Conditions
Article 3.0.1 The calculated meteorological conditions used in the design of overhead power lines shall be determined based on local meteorological data and the operating experience of existing lines. For 35 kV overhead power lines, the value of once in 15 years is generally used; for overhead power lines of 10 kV and below, the value of once in 10 years is generally used. If the meteorological data along the line is close to the typical meteorological zone in Appendix 1, the values listed in the typical meteorological zone can be used.
Article 3.0.2 For 35 kV overhead power lines, the maximum design wind speed shall be the average maximum value of 10 minutes at 15 meters above the ground and once in 15 years; for overhead power lines of 10 kV and below, the average maximum value of 10 minutes at 10 meters above the ground and once in 10 years shall be used.
The maximum design wind speed used for overhead power lines in open and flat areas should not be less than 25 meters/second if there is no reliable data.
The maximum design wind speed of overhead power lines in mountainous areas, if there is no reliable data, is generally increased by 10% of the wind speed on the nearby flat land, and should not be less than 25 m/s. Article 3.0.3 When overhead power lines pass through cities or forests, if the average height of the shielding on both sides is greater than 2/3 of the tower height, the maximum design wind speed should be reduced by 20%.
The maximum design wind speed should be appropriately increased when the line is located in areas prone to strong winds such as river banks, lake banks, peaks and valley mouths. Chapter 4 Conductors, Insulators and Hardware
Article 4.0.1 The conductors, lightning arresters and insulators used in overhead power lines shall comply with the provisions of the current national product standards. Copper wires should not be used for overhead power line conductors. Article 4.0.2 Steel-core aluminum stranded wires and other composite conductors shall be calculated according to the comprehensive tensile strength.
Article 4.0.3 The safety factor K of the conductor shall be calculated as follows: Ka=%
%—Tensile strength of the conductor (kg/mm; (4.0.3)
Omax——The maximum service stress of the conductor at the lowest point of the sag (kg/mm).
The safety factor of aluminum stranded wire, steel core aluminum stranded wire and aluminum alloy wire shall not be less than 2.5 for general areas, and shall not be less than 3.0 for the main streets, factory areas and densely populated areas of large and medium-sized cities.
Article 4.0.4 Lightning conductors generally use galvanized steel stranded wires. The safety factor of lightning conductors should be greater than the safety factor of conductors on the same tower. Article 4.0.5 When the maximum load utilization hours of 6-35 kV overhead power lines are 3000 hours or more, the conductors The cross section should be determined by a calculation method close to the economic current density.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Article 4.0.6 The voltage drop of overhead power lines should not exceed the following values: 1. For 3-10 kV overhead power lines, the allowable voltage drop from the secondary side outlet of the power supply substation to the primary side inlet of the transformer at the end of the line is 5% of the rated voltage of the secondary side of the power supply substation;
2. For overhead power lines below 3 kV, the allowable voltage drop from the secondary side outlet of the transformer to the end of the line (excluding indoor lines) is 4% of the rated voltage. Article 4.0.7 The conductors of overhead power lines should not be single-strand aluminum wires and aluminum alloy wires, and should meet the following requirements: 1. The conductors of overhead power lines The cross-section of the wire should not be less than the value listed in Table 4.0.7. Minimum cross-section of conductor (mm)
Conductor type
Aluminum stranded wire and aluminum alloy wire
Steel core aluminum stranded wire
35 kV line
3~10 kV line
Residential area
Non-residential area
Note: ① The minimum allowable cross-section of the conductor at the crossing point is specified in Article 7.0.8 of this Code. ②Residential area refers to densely populated areas such as factory and mining areas, ports, docks, railway stations, towns and communes. ③Non-residential area refers to other areas except residential areas. In addition, although there are often vehicles, pedestrians or agricultural machinery arriving,
areas where there are no houses or few houses are also non-residential areas. 2. The cross-section of the lightning conductor is not It should be less than 25 square millimeters. 3. Insulated wires should be used for household lines below 3 kV. 4. Conductors of different metals or different cross-sections shall not be connected within the span. Article 4.0.8 The selection of insulators for overhead power lines shall meet the following requirements.
1. 35 kV:
1. Pin insulators should not be used for straight pole towers. 2. The number of insulators in the tension insulator string should be one more than the same type of insulators in the suspension insulator string.
3. 3-10 kV:
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Porcelain crossarms can be used for straight poles.
3. Below 3 kV:
1. Low-voltage pin insulators or low-voltage porcelain crossarms are generally used for straight poles. 2. Low-voltage butterfly insulators should be used for tension poles. The assembly method of insulators should prevent water accumulation in porcelain skirts. In areas with an altitude of more than 1,000 meters, the line insulation should be strengthened accordingly according to the altitude and line voltage level.
Article 4.0.9 The mechanical strength safety factor of the insulator should not be less than the following values:
Porcelain crossarm
Pin insulator
Suspension insulator
Butterfly insulator
The mechanical strength safety factor K, of the insulator should be calculated as follows: T
K,=Tmax
T--Bending failure load of porcelain crossarm (kg), or bending failure load of pin insulator (kg), or test load of one-hour electromechanical test of suspension insulator (kg), or failure load of butterfly insulator (kg);
Tmax--Maximum use load of insulator (kg). For 35 kV overhead power lines, in the case of line break, the mechanical strength safety factor of the porcelain cross arm should not be less than 2.0; the mechanical strength safety factor of the suspension insulator should not be less than 1.3.
Article 4.0.10 In general areas, the unit leakage distance of insulators, insulator strings or porcelain cross arms should not be less than 1.6 cm/kV (rated line voltage). In air pollution areas, the leakage distance of insulators, insulator strings or porcelain cross arms should be increased or other anti-pollution measures should be taken based on operating experience and possible pollution levels. Article 4.0.11 The strength safety factor of hardware should not be less than 2.5. For 35 kV overhead power lines, in the case of line break, the strength safety factor of hardware should not be less than 1.5. Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
Hardware should be hot-dip galvanized.
Article 4.0.12 Aluminum stranded wire, steel core aluminum stranded wire or aluminum alloy wire of 3 kV and above overhead power lines should be wrapped with aluminum tape at the fixing point with insulators or hardware. For 35 kV overhead power lines, anti-vibration facilities should be installed according to the anti-vibration requirements of conductors or lightning conductors.
The upper limit of the average operating stress of conductors and lightning conductors and the corresponding anti-vibration measures should meet the requirements of Table 4.0.12.
Upper limit of average operating stress for conductors and lightning conductors Table 4.0.12
Upper limit of average operating stress
Span situation
Open area with span not exceeding 500 meters
Non-open area with span not exceeding 500 meters
Span not exceeding 120 meters
Regardless of span
Regardless of span
Anti-vibration measures
Not required
Not required
Not required
Bar guard
Anti-vibration hammer (wire) or additional
Bar guard
(Percentage of tensile strength)
Steel core aluminum wire
Stranded steel wire
If many years of operating experience prove that the vibration risk of local conductors and lightning conductors is very small, they may not be subject to the restrictions of Table 4.0.12.
Chapter 5
Conductor Arrangement
Article 5.0.1 The conductors of 35V overhead power lines are generally arranged in a triangle or horizontal arrangement.
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
W.1. The calculated meteorological conditions used in the design of overhead power lines shall be determined based on local meteorological data and the operating experience of existing lines. For 35 kV overhead power lines, the value of once in 15 years is generally used; for overhead power lines of 10 kV and below, the value of once in 10 years is generally used. If the meteorological data along the line is close to the typical meteorological zone in Appendix 1, the values listed in the typical meteorological zone can be used.
Article 3.0.2 For 35 kV overhead power lines, the maximum design wind speed shall be the average maximum value of 10 minutes at 15 meters above the ground and once in 15 years; for overhead power lines of 10 kV and below, the average maximum value of 10 minutes at 10 meters above the ground and once in 10 years shall be used.
The maximum design wind speed used for overhead power lines in open and flat areas shall not be less than 25 meters/second if there is no reliable data.
The maximum design wind speed of overhead power lines in mountainous areas, if there is no reliable data, is generally increased by 10% of the wind speed on the nearby flat land, and should not be less than 25 m/s. Article 3.0.3 When overhead power lines pass through cities or forests, if the average height of the shielding on both sides is greater than 2/3 of the tower height, the maximum design wind speed should be reduced by 20%.
The maximum design wind speed should be appropriately increased when the line is located in areas prone to strong winds such as river banks, lake banks, peaks and valley mouths. Chapter 4 Conductors, Insulators and Hardware
Article 4.0.1 The conductors, lightning arresters and insulators used in overhead power lines shall comply with the provisions of the current national product standards. Copper wires should not be used for overhead power line conductors. Article 4.0.2 Steel-core aluminum stranded wires and other composite conductors shall be calculated according to the comprehensive tensile strength.
Article 4.0.3 The safety factor K of the conductor shall be calculated as follows: Ka=%
%—Tensile strength of the conductor (kg/mm; (4.0.3)
Omax——The maximum service stress of the conductor at the lowest point of the sag (kg/mm).
The safety factor of aluminum stranded wire, steel core aluminum stranded wire and aluminum alloy wire shall not be less than 2.5 for general areas, and shall not be less than 3.0 for the main streets, factory areas and densely populated areas of large and medium-sized cities.
Article 4.0.4 Lightning conductors generally use galvanized steel stranded wires. The safety factor of lightning conductors should be greater than the safety factor of conductors on the same tower. Article 4.0.5 When the maximum load utilization hours of 6-35 kV overhead power lines are 3000 hours or more, the conductors The cross section should be determined by a calculation method close to the economic current density.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Article 4.0.6 The voltage drop of overhead power lines should not exceed the following values: 1. For 3-10 kV overhead power lines, the allowable voltage drop from the secondary side outlet of the power supply substation to the primary side inlet of the transformer at the end of the line is 5% of the rated voltage of the secondary side of the power supply substation;
2. For overhead power lines below 3 kV, the allowable voltage drop from the secondary side outlet of the transformer to the end of the line (excluding indoor lines) is 4% of the rated voltage. Article 4.0.7 The conductors of overhead power lines should not be single-strand aluminum wires and aluminum alloy wires, and should meet the following requirements: 1. The conductors of overhead power lines The cross-section of the wire should not be less than the value listed in Table 4.0.7. Minimum cross-section of conductor (mm)
Conductor type
Aluminum stranded wire and aluminum alloy wire
Steel core aluminum stranded wire
35 kV line
3~10 kV line
Residential area
Non-residential area
Note: ① The minimum allowable cross-section of the conductor at the crossing point is specified in Article 7.0.8 of this Code. ②Residential area refers to densely populated areas such as factory and mining areas, ports, docks, railway stations, towns and communes. ③Non-residential area refers to other areas except residential areas. In addition, although there are often vehicles, pedestrians or agricultural machinery arriving,
areas where there are no houses or few houses are also non-residential areas. 2. The cross-section of the lightning conductor is not It should be less than 25 square millimeters. 3. Insulated wires should be used for household lines below 3 kV. 4. Conductors of different metals or different cross-sections shall not be connected within the span. Article 4.0.8 The selection of insulators for overhead power lines shall meet the following requirements.
1. 35 kV:
1. Pin insulators should not be used for straight pole towers. 2. The number of insulators in the tension insulator string should be one more than the same type of insulators in the suspension insulator string.
3. 3-10 kV:
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Porcelain crossarms can be used for straight poles.
3. Below 3 kV:
1. Low-voltage pin insulators or low-voltage porcelain crossarms are generally used for straight poles. 2. Low-voltage butterfly insulators should be used for tension poles. The assembly method of insulators should prevent water accumulation in porcelain skirts. In areas with an altitude of more than 1,000 meters, the line insulation should be strengthened accordingly according to the altitude and line voltage level.
Article 4.0.9 The mechanical strength safety factor of the insulator should not be less than the following values:
Porcelain crossarm
Pin insulator
Suspension insulator
Butterfly insulator
The mechanical strength safety factor K, of the insulator should be calculated as follows: T
K,=Tmax
T--Bending failure load of porcelain crossarm (kg), or bending failure load of pin insulator (kg), or test load of one-hour electromechanical test of suspension insulator (kg), or failure load of butterfly insulator (kg);
Tmax--Maximum use load of insulator (kg). For 35 kV overhead power lines, in the case of line break, the mechanical strength safety factor of the porcelain cross arm should not be less than 2.0; the mechanical strength safety factor of the suspension insulator should not be less than 1.3.
Article 4.0.10 In general areas, the unit leakage distance of insulators, insulator strings or porcelain cross arms should not be less than 1.6 cm/kV (rated line voltage). In air pollution areas, the leakage distance of insulators, insulator strings or porcelain cross arms should be increased or other anti-pollution measures should be taken based on operating experience and possible pollution levels. Article 4.0.11 The strength safety factor of hardware should not be less than 2.5. For 35 kV overhead power lines, in the case of line break, the strength safety factor of hardware should not be less than 1.5. Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
Hardware should be hot-dip galvanized.
Article 4.0.12 Aluminum stranded wire, steel core aluminum stranded wire or aluminum alloy wire of 3 kV and above overhead power lines should be wrapped with aluminum tape at the fixing point with insulators or hardware. For 35 kV overhead power lines, anti-vibration facilities should be installed according to the anti-vibration requirements of conductors or lightning conductors.
The upper limit of the average operating stress of conductors and lightning conductors and the corresponding anti-vibration measures should meet the requirements of Table 4.0.12.
Upper limit of average operating stress for conductors and lightning conductors Table 4.0.12
Upper limit of average operating stress
Span situation
Open area with span not exceeding 500 meters
Non-open area with span not exceeding 500 meters
Span not exceeding 120 meters
Regardless of span
Regardless of span
Anti-vibration measures
Not required
Not required
Not required
Bar guard
Anti-vibration hammer (wire) or additional
Bar guard
(Percentage of tensile strength)
Steel core aluminum wire
Stranded steel wire
If many years of operating experience prove that the vibration risk of local conductors and lightning conductors is very small, they may not be subject to the restrictions of Table 4.0.12.
Chapter 5
Conductor Arrangement
Article 5.0.1 The conductors of 35V overhead power lines are generally arranged in a triangle or horizontal arrangement.
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
W.1. The calculated meteorological conditions used in the design of overhead power lines shall be determined based on local meteorological data and the operating experience of existing lines. For 35 kV overhead power lines, the value of once in 15 years is generally used; for overhead power lines of 10 kV and below, the value of once in 10 years is generally used. If the meteorological data along the line is close to the typical meteorological zone in Appendix 1, the values listed in the typical meteorological zone can be used.
Article 3.0.2 For 35 kV overhead power lines, the maximum design wind speed shall be the average maximum value of 10 minutes at 15 meters above the ground and once in 15 years; for overhead power lines of 10 kV and below, the average maximum value of 10 minutes at 10 meters above the ground and once in 10 years shall be used.
The maximum design wind speed used for overhead power lines in open and flat areas shall not be less than 25 meters/second if there is no reliable data.
The maximum design wind speed of overhead power lines in mountainous areas, if there is no reliable data, is generally increased by 10% of the wind speed on the nearby flat land, and should not be less than 25 m/s. Article 3.0.3 When overhead power lines pass through cities or forests, if the average height of the shielding on both sides is greater than 2/3 of the tower height, the maximum design wind speed should be reduced by 20%.
The maximum design wind speed should be appropriately increased when the line is located in areas prone to strong winds such as river banks, lake banks, peaks and valley mouths. Chapter 4 Conductors, Insulators and Hardware
Article 4.0.1 The conductors, lightning arresters and insulators used in overhead power lines shall comply with the provisions of the current national product standards. Copper wires should not be used for overhead power line conductors. Article 4.0.2 Steel-core aluminum stranded wires and other composite conductors shall be calculated according to the comprehensive tensile strength.
Article 4.0.3 The safety factor K of the conductor shall be calculated as follows: Ka=%
%—Tensile strength of the conductor (kg/mm; (4.0.3)
Omax——The maximum service stress of the conductor at the lowest point of the sag (kg/mm).
The safety factor of aluminum stranded wire, steel core aluminum stranded wire and aluminum alloy wire shall not be less than 2.5 for general areas, and shall not be less than 3.0 for the main streets, factory areas and densely populated areas of large and medium-sized cities.
Article 4.0.4 Lightning conductors generally use galvanized steel stranded wires. The safety factor of lightning conductors should be greater than the safety factor of conductors on the same tower. Article 4.0.5 When the maximum load utilization hours of 6-35 kV overhead power lines are 3000 hours or more, the conductors The cross section should be determined by a calculation method close to the economic current density.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Article 4.0.6 The voltage drop of overhead power lines should not exceed the following values: 1. For 3-10 kV overhead power lines, the allowable voltage drop from the secondary side outlet of the power supply substation to the primary side inlet of the transformer at the end of the line is 5% of the rated voltage of the secondary side of the power supply substation;
2. For overhead power lines below 3 kV, the allowable voltage drop from the secondary side outlet of the transformer to the end of the line (excluding indoor lines) is 4% of the rated voltage. Article 4.0.7 The conductors of overhead power lines should not be single-strand aluminum wires and aluminum alloy wires, and should meet the following requirements: 1. The conductors of overhead power lines The cross-section of the wire should not be less than the value listed in Table 4.0.7. Minimum cross-section of conductor (mm)
Conductor type
Aluminum stranded wire and aluminum alloy wire
Steel core aluminum stranded wire
35 kV line
3~10 kV line
Residential area
Non-residential area
Note: ① The minimum allowable cross-section of the conductor at the crossing point is specified in Article 7.0.8 of this Code. ②Residential area refers to densely populated areas such as factory and mining areas, ports, docks, railway stations, towns and communes. ③Non-residential area refers to other areas except residential areas. In addition, although there are often vehicles, pedestrians or agricultural machinery arriving,
areas where there are no houses or few houses are also non-residential areas. 2. The cross-section of the lightning conductor is not It should be less than 25 square millimeters. 3. Insulated wires should be used for household lines below 3 kV. 4. Conductors of different metals or different cross-sections shall not be connected within the span. Article 4.0.8 The selection of insulators for overhead power lines shall meet the following requirements.
1. 35 kV:
1. Pin insulators should not be used for straight pole towers. 2. The number of insulators in the tension insulator string should be one more than the same type of insulators in the suspension insulator string.
3. 3-10 kV:
Engineering 4 Construction Standard Full Text Information System
W Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Porcelain crossarms can be used for straight poles.
3. Below 3 kV:
1. Low-voltage pin insulators or low-voltage porcelain crossarms are generally used for straight poles. 2. Low-voltage butterfly insulators should be used for tension poles. The assembly method of insulators should prevent water accumulation in porcelain skirts. In areas with an altitude of more than 1,000 meters, the line insulation should be strengthened accordingly according to the altitude and line voltage level.
Article 4.0.9 The mechanical strength safety factor of the insulator should not be less than the following values:
Porcelain crossarm
Pin insulator
Suspension insulator
Butterfly insulator
The mechanical strength safety factor K, of the insulator should be calculated as follows: T
K,=Tmax
T--Bending failure load of porcelain crossarm (kg), or bending failure load of pin insulator (kg), or test load of one-hour electromechanical test of suspension insulator (kg), or failure load of butterfly insulator (kg);
Tmax--Maximum use load of insulator (kg). For 35 kV overhead power lines, in the case of line break, the mechanical strength safety factor of the porcelain cross arm should not be less than 2.0; the mechanical strength safety factor of the suspension insulator should not be less than 1.3.
Article 4.0.10 In general areas, the unit leakage distance of insulators, insulator strings or porcelain cross arms should not be less than 1.6 cm/kV (rated line voltage). In air pollution areas, the leakage distance of insulators, insulator strings or porcelain cross arms should be increased or other anti-pollution measures should be taken based on operating experience and possible pollution levels. Article 4.0.11 The strength safety factor of hardware should not be less than 2.5. For 35 kV overhead power lines, in the case of line break, the strength safety factor of hardware should not be less than 1.5. Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
Hardware should be hot-dip galvanized.
Article 4.0.12 Aluminum stranded wire, steel core aluminum stranded wire or aluminum alloy wire of 3 kV and above overhead power lines should be wrapped with aluminum tape at the fixing point with insulators or hardware. For 35 kV overhead power lines, anti-vibration facilities should be installed according to the anti-vibration requirements of conductors or lightning conductors.
The upper limit of the average operating stress of conductors and lightning conductors and the corresponding anti-vibration measures should meet the requirements of Table 4.0.12.
Upper limit of average operating stress for conductors and lightning conductors Table 4.0.12
Upper limit of average operating stress
Span situation
Open area with span not exceeding 500 meters
Non-open area with span not exceeding 500 meters
Span not exceeding 120 meters
Regardless of span
Regardless of span
Anti-vibration measures
Not required
Not required
Not required
Bar guard
Anti-vibration hammer (wire) or additional
Bar guard
(Percentage of tensile strength)
Steel core aluminum wire
Stranded steel wire
If many years of operating experience prove that the vibration risk of local conductors and lightning conductors is very small, they may not be subject to the restrictions of Table 4.0.12.
Chapter 5
Conductor Arrangement
Article 5.0.1 The conductors of 35V overhead power lines are generally arranged in a triangle or horizontal arrangement.
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
W.2. For 35 kV overhead power lines, the maximum design wind speed shall be the average maximum value of 10 minutes at a height of 15 meters above the ground and once in 15 years; for overhead power lines of 10 kV and below, the average maximum value of 10 minutes at a height of 10 meters above the ground and once in 10 years shall be used.
The maximum design wind speed for overhead power lines in open and flat areas shall not be less than 25 m/s if there is no reliable data.
The maximum design wind speed for overhead power lines in mountainous areas shall generally be increased by 10% of the wind speed on the nearby flat land if there is no reliable data, and shall not be less than 25 m/s. Article 3.0.3 When overhead power lines pass through cities or forests, if the average height of the shielding on both sides is greater than 2/3 of the tower height, the maximum design wind speed shall be reduced by 20%.
The line is located in areas prone to strong winds such as riverbanks, lakeshores, peaks and valley mouths, and its maximum design wind speed should be appropriately increased. Chapter 4 Conductors, Insulators and Hardware
Article 4.0.1 The conductors, lightning arresters and insulators used in overhead power lines shall comply with the provisions of the current national product standards. Overhead power line conductors should not use copper wires. Article 4.0.2 Steel-core aluminum stranded wires and other composite conductors shall be calculated based on the comprehensive tensile strength.
Article 4.0.3 The safety factor K of the conductor shall be calculated as follows: Ka=%
%—Tensile strength of the conductor (kg/mm; (4.0.3)
Omax——The maximum service stress of the conductor at the lowest point of the sag (kg/mm).
The safety factor of aluminum stranded wire, steel core aluminum stranded wire and aluminum alloy wire shall not be less than 2.5 for general areas, and shall not be less than 3.0 for the main streets, factory areas and densely populated areas of large and medium-sized cities.
Article 4.0.4 Lightning conductors generally use galvanized steel stranded wires. The safety factor of lightning conductors should be greater than the safety factor of conductors on the same tower. Article 4.0.5 When the maximum load utilization hours of 6-35 kV overhead power lines are 3000 hours or more, the conductors The cross section should be determined by a calculation method close to the economic current density.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Article 4.0.6 The voltage drop of overhead power lines should not exceed the following values: 1. For 3-10 kV overhead power lines, the allowable voltage drop from the secondary side outlet of the power supply substation to the primary side inlet of the transformer at the end of the line is 5% of the rated voltage of the secondary side of the power supply substation;
2. For overhead power lines below 3 kV, the allowable voltage drop from the secondary side outlet of the transformer to the end of the line (excluding indoor lines) is 4% of the rated voltage. Article 4.0.7 The conductors of overhead power lines should not be single-strand aluminum wires and aluminum alloy wires, and should meet the following requirements: 1. The conductors of overhead power lines The cross-section of the wire should not be less than the value listed in Table 4.0.7. Minimum cross-section of conductor (mm)
Conductor type
Aluminum stranded wire and aluminum alloy wire
Steel core aluminum stranded wire
35 kV line
3~10 kV line
Residential area
Non-residential area
Note: ① The minimum allowable cross-section of the conductor at the crossing point is specified in Article 7.0.8 of this Code. ②Residential area refers to densely populated areas such as factory and mining areas, ports, docks, railway stations, towns and communes. ③Non-residential area refers to other areas except residential areas. In addition, although there are often vehicles, pedestrians or agricultural machinery arriving,
areas where there are no houses or few houses are also non-residential areas. 2. The cross-section of the lightning conductor is not It should be less than 25 square millimeters. 3. Insulated wires should be used for household lines below 3 kV. 4. Conductors of different metals or different cross-sections shall not be connected within the span. Article 4.0.8 The selection of insulators for overhead power lines shall meet the following requirements.
1. 35 kV:
1. Pin insulators should not be used for straight pole towers. 2. The number of insulators in the tension insulator string should be one more than the same type of insulators in the suspension insulator string.
3. 3-10 kV:
Engineering 4 Construction Standard Full Text Information System
W Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Porcelain crossarms can be used for straight poles.
3. Below 3 kV:
1. Low-voltage pin insulators or low-voltage porcelain crossarms are generally used for straight poles. 2. Low-voltage butterfly insulators should be used for tension poles. The assembly method of insulators should prevent water accumulation in porcelain skirts. In areas with an altitude of more than 1,000 meters, the line insulation should be strengthened accordingly according to the altitude and line voltage level.
Article 4.0.9 The mechanical strength safety factor of the insulator should not be less than the following values:
Porcelain crossarm
Pin insulator
Suspension insulator
Butterfly insulator
The mechanical strength safety factor K, of the insulator should be calculated as follows: T
K,=Tmax
T--Bending failure load of porcelain crossarm (kg), or bending failure load of pin insulator (kg), or test load of one-hour electromechanical test of suspension insulator (kg), or failure load of butterfly insulator (kg);
Tmax--Maximum use load of insulator (kg). For 35 kV overhead power lines, in the case of line break, the mechanical strength safety factor of the porcelain cross arm should not be less than 2.0; the mechanical strength safety factor of the suspension insulator should not be less than 1.3.
Article 4.0.10 In general areas, the unit leakage distance of insulators, insulator strings or porcelain cross arms should not be less than 1.6 cm/kV (rated line voltage). In air pollution areas, the leakage distance of insulators, insulator strings or porcelain cross arms should be increased or other anti-pollution measures should be taken based on operating experience and possible pollution levels. Article 4.0.11 The strength safety factor of hardware should not be less than 2.5. For 35 kV overhead power lines, in the case of line break, the strength safety factor of hardware should not be less than 1.5. Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
Hardware should be hot-dip galvanized.
Article 4.0.12 Aluminum stranded wire, steel core aluminum stranded wire or aluminum alloy wire of 3 kV and above overhead power lines should be wrapped with aluminum tape at the fixing point with insulators or hardware. For 35 kV overhead power lines, anti-vibration facilities should be installed according to the anti-vibration requirements of conductors or lightning conductors.
The upper limit of the average operating stress of conductors and lightning conductors and the corresponding anti-vibration measures should meet the requirements of Table 4.0.12.
Upper limit of average operating stress for conductors and lightning conductors Table 4.0.12
Upper limit of average operating stress
Span situation
Open area with span not exceeding 500 meters
Non-open area with span not exceeding 500 meters
Span not exceeding 120 meters
Regardless of span
Regardless of span
Anti-vibration measures
Not required
Not required
Not required
Bar guard
Anti-vibration hammer (wire) or additional
Bar guard
(Percentage of tensile strength)
Steel core aluminum wire
Stranded steel wire
If many years of operating experience prove that the vibration risk of local conductors and lightning conductors is very small, they may not be subject to the restrictions of Table 4.0.12.
Chapter 5
Conductor ArrangementwwW.bzxz.Net
Article 5.0.1 The conductors of 35V overhead power lines are generally arranged in a triangle or horizontal arrangement.
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
W.2. For 35 kV overhead power lines, the maximum design wind speed shall be the average maximum value of 10 minutes at a height of 15 meters above the ground and once in 15 years; for overhead power lines of 10 kV and below, the average maximum value of 10 minutes at a height of 10 meters above the ground and once in 10 years shall be used.
The maximum design wind speed for overhead power lines in open and flat areas shall not be less than 25 m/s if there is no reliable data.
The maximum design wind speed for overhead power lines in mountainous areas shall generally be increased by 10% of the wind speed on the nearby flat land if there is no reliable data, and shall not be less than 25 m/s. Article 3.0.3 When overhead power lines pass through cities or forests, if the average height of the shielding on both sides is greater than 2/3 of the tower height, the maximum design wind speed shall be reduced by 20%.
The line is located in areas prone to strong winds such as riverbanks, lakeshores, peaks and valley mouths, and its maximum design wind speed should be appropriately increased. Chapter 4 Conductors, Insulators and Hardware
Article 4.0.1 The conductors, lightning arresters and insulators used in overhead power lines shall comply with the provisions of the current national product standards. Overhead power line conductors should not use copper wires. Article 4.0.2 Steel-core aluminum stranded wires and other composite conductors shall be calculated based on the comprehensive tensile strength.
Article 4.0.3 The safety factor K of the conductor shall be calculated as follows: Ka=%
%—Tensile strength of the conductor (kg/mm; (4.0.3)
Omax——The maximum service stress of the conductor at the lowest point of the sag (kg/mm).
The safety factor of aluminum stranded wire, steel core aluminum stranded wire and aluminum alloy wire shall not be less than 2.5 for general areas, and shall not be less than 3.0 for the main streets, factory areas and densely populated areas of large and medium-sized cities.
Article 4.0.4 Lightning conductors generally use galvanized steel stranded wires. The safety factor of lightning conductors should be greater than the safety factor of conductors on the same tower. Article 4.0.5 When the maximum load utilization hours of 6-35 kV overhead power lines are 3000 hours or more, the conductors The cross section should be determined by a calculation method close to the economic current density.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Article 4.0.6 The voltage drop of overhead power lines should not exceed the following values: 1. For 3-10 kV overhead power lines, the allowable voltage drop from the secondary side outlet of the power supply substation to the primary side inlet of the transformer at the end of the line is 5% of the rated voltage of the secondary side of the power supply substation;
2. For overhead power lines below 3 kV, the allowable voltage drop from the secondary side outlet of the transformer to the end of the line (excluding indoor lines) is 4% of the rated voltage. Article 4.0.7 The conductors of overhead power lines should not be single-strand aluminum wires and aluminum alloy wires, and should meet the following requirements: 1. The conductors of overhead power lines The cross-section of the wire should not be less than the value listed in Table 4.0.7. Minimum cross-section of conductor (mm)
Conductor type
Aluminum stranded wire and aluminum alloy wire
Steel core aluminum stranded wire
35 kV line
3~10 kV line
Residential area
Non-residential area
Note: ① The minimum allowable cross-section of the conductor at the crossing point is specified in Article 7.0.8 of this Code. ②Residential area refers to densely populated areas such as factory and mining areas, ports, docks, railway stations, towns and communes. ③Non-residential area refers to other areas except residential areas. In addition, although there are often vehicles, pedestrians or agricultural machinery arriving,
areas where there are no houses or few houses are also non-residential areas. 2. The cross-section of the lightning conductor is not It should be less than 25 square millimeters. 3. Insulated wires should be used for household lines below 3 kV. 4. Conductors of different metals or different cross-sections shall not be connected within the span. Article 4.0.8 The selection of insulators for overhead power lines shall meet the following requirements.
1. 35 kV:
1. Pin insulators should not be used for straight pole towers. 2. The number of insulators in the tension insulator string should be one more than the same type of insulators in the suspension insulator string.
3. 3-10 kV:
Engineering 4 Construction Standard Full Text Information System
W Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Porcelain crossarms can be used for straight poles.
3. Below 3 kV:
1. Low-voltage pin insulators or low-voltage porcelain crossarms are generally used for straight poles. 2. Low-voltage butterfly insulators should be used for tension poles. The assembly method of insulators should prevent water accumulation in porcelain skirts. In areas with an altitude of more than 1,000 meters, the line insulation should be strengthened accordingly according to the altitude and line voltage level.
Article 4.0.9 The mechanical strength safety factor of the insulator should not be less than the following values:
Porcelain crossarm
Pin insulator
Suspension insulator
Butterfly insulator
The mechanical strength safety factor K, of the insulator should be calculated as follows: T
K,=Tmax
T--Bending failure load of porcelain crossarm (kg), or bending failure load of pin insulator (kg), or test load of one-hour electromechanical test of suspension insulator (kg), or failure load of butterfly insulator (kg);
Tmax--Maximum use load of insulator (kg). For 35 kV overhead power lines, in the case of line break, the mechanical strength safety factor of the porcelain cross arm should not be less than 2.0; the mechanical strength safety factor of the suspension insulator should not be less than 1.3.
Article 4.0.10 In general areas, the unit leakage distance of insulators, insulator strings or porcelain cross arms should not be less than 1.6 cm/kV (rated line voltage). In air pollution areas, the leakage distance of insulators, insulator strings or porcelain cross arms should be increased or other anti-pollution measures should be taken based on operating experience and possible pollution levels. Article 4.0.11 The strength safety factor of hardware should not be less than 2.5. For 35 kV overhead power lines, in the case of line break, the strength safety factor of hardware should not be less than 1.5. Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
Hardware should be hot-dip galvanized.
Article 4.0.12 Aluminum stranded wire, steel core aluminum stranded wire or aluminum alloy wire of 3 kV and above overhead power lines should be wrapped with aluminum tape at the fixing point with insulators or hardware. For 35 kV overhead power lines, anti-vibration facilities should be installed according to the anti-vibration requirements of conductors or lightning conductors.
The upper limit of the average operating stress of conductors and lightning conductors and the corresponding anti-vibration measures should meet the requirements of Table 4.0.12.
Upper limit of average operating stress for conductors and lightning conductors Table 4.0.12
Upper limit of average operating stress
Span situation
Open area with span not exceeding 500 meters
Non-open area with span not exceeding 500 meters
Span not exceeding 120 meters
Regardless of span
Regardless of span
Anti-vibration measures
Not required
Not required
Not required
Bar guard
Anti-vibration hammer (wire) or additional
Bar guard
(Percentage of tensile strength)
Steel core aluminum wire
Stranded steel wire
If many years of operating experience prove that the vibration risk of local conductors and lightning conductors is very small, they may not be subject to the restrictions of Table 4.0.12.
Chapter 5
Conductor Arrangement
Article 5.0.1 The conductors of 35V overhead power lines are generally arranged in a triangle or horizontal arrangement.
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
W.5. For main streets, factory areas and densely populated areas in large and medium-sized cities, it should not be less than 3.0.
Article 4.0.4 Lightning conductors generally use galvanized steel strands. The safety factor of lightning conductors should be greater than the safety factor of conductors on the same tower. Article 4.0.5 When the maximum load utilization hours of 6-35 kV overhead power lines are 3,000 hours or more, the conductor cross-section should be determined by a calculation method close to the economic current density.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Article 4.0.6 The voltage drop of overhead power lines should not exceed the following values: 1. For 3-10 kV overhead power lines, the allowable voltage drop from the secondary side outlet of the power supply substation to the primary side inlet of the transformer at the end of the line is 5% of the rated voltage of the secondary side of the power supply substation;
2. For overhead power lines below 3 kV, the allowable voltage drop from the secondary side outlet of the transformer to the end of the line (excluding indoor lines) is 4% of the rated voltage. Article 4.0.7 The conductors of overhead power lines should not use single-strand aluminum wires and aluminum alloy wires, and should meet the following requirements: 1. The cross-section of the conductors of overhead power lines should not be less than the values listed in Table 4.0.7. Minimum cross section of conductor (mm)
Conductor type
Aluminum stranded wire and aluminum alloy wire
Steel core aluminum stranded wire
35 kV line
3~10 kV line
Residential area
Non-residential area
Note: ① The minimum allowable cross section of the conductor at the crossing is specified in Article 7.0.8 of this Code. ②Residential area refers to densely populated areas such as factory and mining areas, ports, docks, railway stations, towns and communes. ③Non-residential area refers to other areas except residential areas. In addition, although vehicles, pedestrians or agricultural machinery often arrive, areas with no houses or few houses are also non-residential areas. 2. The cross section of the lightning arrester should not be less than 25 square millimeters. 3. Insulated wires should be used for household lines below 3 kV. 4. Conductors of different metals or different cross sections shall not be connected within the span. Article 4.0.8 The selection of insulators for overhead power lines shall meet the following requirements.
I. 35 kV:
1. Pin insulators should not be used for straight pole towers. 2. The number of insulators in the tension insulator string should be one more than the same type of insulators in the suspension insulator string.
III. 3-10 kV:
Engineering 4 Construction Standard Full Text Information System
W Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Porcelain cross arms can be used for straight poles.
III. Below 3 kV:
1. Low-voltage pin insulators or low-voltage porcelain cross arms are generally used for straight poles. 2. Low-voltage butterfly insulators should be used for tension poles. The assembly method of insulators should prevent water accumulation in porcelain skirts. In areas with an altitude of more than 1,000 meters, the line insulation should be strengthened accordingly according to the altitude and line voltage level.
Article 4.0.9 The mechanical strength safety factor of the insulator shall not be less than the following values:
Porcelain crossarm
Pin insulator
Suspension insulator
Butterfly insulator
The mechanical strength safety factor K, of the insulator shall be calculated as follows: T
K,=Tmax
T--bending failure load of porcelain crossarm (kg), or bending failure load of pin insulator (kg), or test load of one-hour electromechanical test of suspension insulator (kg), or failure load of butterfly insulator (kg);
Tmax--maximum use load of insulator (kg). For 35 kV overhead power lines, in the case of line disconnection, the mechanical strength safety factor of porcelain crossarm shall not be less than 2.0; the mechanical strength safety factor of suspension insulator shall not be less than 1.3.
Article 4.0.10 In general areas, the unit leakage distance of insulators, insulator strings or porcelain crossarms should not be less than 1.6 cm/kV (rated line voltage). In air pollution areas, the leakage distance of insulators, insulator strings or porcelain crossarms should be increased or other anti-pollution measures should be taken based on operating experience and possible pollution levels. Article 4.0.11 The strength safety factor of hardware should not be less than 2.5. For 35 kV overhead power lines, the strength safety factor of hardware should not be less than 1.5 in the case of line disconnection. Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Hardware should be hot-dip galvanized.
Article 4.0.12 Aluminum stranded wire, steel core aluminum stranded wire or aluminum alloy wire of 3 kV and above overhead power lines should be wrapped with aluminum tape at the fixing point with insulators or hardware. For 35 kV overhead power lines, anti-vibration facilities should be set up according to the anti-vibration requirements of conductors or lightning arresters.
The upper limit of average operating stress of conductors and lightning arresters and corresponding anti-vibration measures shall comply with the requirements of Table 4.0.12.
Upper limit of average operating stress for conductors and lightning conductors Table 4.0.12
Upper limit of average operating stress
Span situation
Open area with span not exceeding 500 meters
Non-open area with span not exceeding 500 meters
Span not exceeding 120 meters
Regardless of span
Regardless of span
Anti-vibration measures
Not required
Not required
Not required
Bar guard
Anti-vibration hammer (wire) or additional
Bar guard
(Percentage of tensile strength)
Steel core aluminum wire
Stranded steel wire
If many years of operating experience prove that the vibration risk of local conductors and lightning conductors is very small, they may not be subject to the restrictions of Table 4.0.12.
Chapter 5
Conductor Arrangement
Article 5.0.1 The conductors of 35V overhead power lines are generally arranged in a triangle or horizontal arrangement.
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
W.5. For main streets, factory areas and densely populated areas in large and medium-sized cities, it should not be less than 3.0.
Article 4.0.4 Lightning conductors generally use galvanized steel strands. The safety factor of lightning conductors should be greater than the safety factor of conductors on the same tower. Article 4.0.5 When the maximum load utilization hours of 6-35 kV overhead power lines are 3,000 hours or more, the conductor cross-section should be determined by a calculation method close to the economic current density.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Article 4.0.6 The voltage drop of overhead power lines should not exceed the following values: 1. For 3-10 kV overhead power lines, the allowable voltage drop from the secondary side outlet of the power supply substation to the primary side inlet of the transformer at the end of the line is 5% of the rated voltage of the secondary side of the power supply substation;
2. For overhead power lines below 3 kV, the allowable voltage drop from the secondary side outlet of the transformer to the end of the line (excluding indoor lines) is 4% of the rated voltage. Article 4.0.7 The conductors of overhead power lines should not use single-strand aluminum wires and aluminum alloy wires, and should meet the following requirements: 1. The cross-section of the conductors of overhead power lines should not be less than the values listed in Table 4.0.7. Minimum cross section
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