Some standard content:
GB13094—1997
This standard adopts the revised version 03 of Regulation No. 36 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) in a non-equivalent manner. This standard does not adopt some of the contents that are irrelevant to the structural safety of buses or are not suitable for my country's national conditions. The formulation of this standard will be conducive to international trade and technical exchanges, and promote the improvement of my country's bus technology level and product quality. This standard is related to the safety of vehicles and passengers. It is a mandatory standard. From the date of entry into force, it will replace GB/T13094--91 "General Technical Conditions for Buses". The contents of other bus standards involving bus structural safety should be implemented in accordance with this standard. Bus products finalized after May 1, 1998 should comply with this standard, but large bus products with a vehicle length of more than 10m to 12m can comply with the provisions of 4.6.1 on January 1, 1999. Bus products produced after January 1, 2000 should comply with this standard. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Automobile Standardization Technical Committee. The drafting units of this standard are: Shanghai Tourist Bus Factory and China Highway Vehicle Machinery Corporation, Xi'an Highway University, Guangzhou Bus Factory, Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, Chengdu Bus Factory and Dandong Automobile Factory. The main drafters of this standard are: Zhang Bingrong, Sun Ying, Sun Jiakai, Zeng Guangzhao, Li Chao, Shu Xiuming, Li Nianlu, Shuai Kerui, 99
1 Fan Kun
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Safety requirements for bus construction
The safety requirements for bus construction This standard specifies the safety requirements for bus structure. GB 13094—1997
Replaces GB/T13094-91
This standard applies to single-deck city buses, long-distance buses, tourist buses and articulated buses with a length of more than 7m. Cited Standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard was published, the versions shown were valid. All standards are subject to revision. Parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB8410--94 Combustion characteristics of automotive interior materials GB9656-1996 Safety glass for automobiles
GB12428-90 Calculation method for passenger car loading mass GB14166-93 Performance requirements and test methods for automobile safety belts 3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Emergency window
In an emergency, the side window and rear window that can be opened or broken for the evacuation of passengers. 3.2 Escape hatch
Roof exit for the evacuation of passengers in an emergency. 3.3 Emergency exit
Exit for the evacuation of passengers in an emergency. Including safety doors, safety windows and safety roof windows. 3.4 Exit
The place for passengers to enter and exit the car. Including driver's door, passenger door and emergency exit. 3.5 Gangway
The walking space for passengers from one row of seats to other rows of seats or to the edge of the top step of the passenger door. It does not include: a) the space 300mm in front of the seat;
b) the space above the step or stairs;bZxz.net
c) the space occupied by the seat.
3.6 Access passage
The passage from the passenger door or emergency door to the aisle. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on June 27, 1997, 100
Implementation on December 1, 1997
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Axle load and loading mass
GB13094-1997
4.1.1 The front axle load mass shall not be less than the percentage of the total vehicle mass specified in Table 1. Table 1 Front Axle Load
Axle Load Condition
City Bus
Articulated Bus
4.1.2 The axle load of each axle shall not exceed its factory-specified maximum axle load. 4.1.3 The determination of the loading mass and number of passengers of a bus shall comply with the provisions of GB12428. 4.2 Roof Load Capacity
Cross-counter Bus, Tourist Bus
Articulated Bus
The roof shall be able to withstand a uniformly distributed static load equivalent to the factory-specified maximum total mass of the vehicle, but the maximum value shall not exceed 10,000 kg. Articulated buses shall be assessed separately for the front and rear sections.
4.3 Fire Prevention Measures
4.3.1 Engine Compartment
4.3.1.1 In the engine compartment, flammable sound insulation and heat insulation materials, or materials that are easily soaked with fuel and lubricating oil and have no impermeable surface, shall not be used.
4.3.1.2 Preventive measures (such as reasonable layout of the engine compartment, setting of oil drain holes, etc.) should be taken to avoid the accumulation of fuel or lubricating oil in the engine compartment.
4.3.2 Fuel supply system
4.3.2.1 Fuel supply equipment is not allowed to be installed in the car. 4.3.2.2 Under various conditions of use, the fuel supply pipeline and its joints are not allowed to leak. Once fuel leakage occurs, it is not allowed to flow into the exhaust system and electrical system.
4.3.3 Fuel tank
4.3.3.1 The fuel tank should be firmly fixed and should be no less than 600mm from the front face of the bus and no less than 300mm from the rear face of the bus. 4.3.3.2 The fuel filler port should be approached from the outside of the vehicle. If the fuel filler port is located on the side of the vehicle, the distance between it and the passenger door frame is: for gasoline fuel tanks, no less than 500mm; for diesel fuel tanks, no less than 250mm. The fuel filler cap is not allowed to open automatically. 4.3.4 Electrical appliances and wires
4.3.4.1 The circuit system should be equipped with a main power switch. The wires should be well insulated and firmly fixed to prevent mechanical damage or corrosion. Overload is not allowed. Electrical appliances and wires should be able to withstand the ambient temperature and humidity, especially the temperature, oil and steam in the engine compartment. 4.3.4.2 Except for the starter, ignition circuit (forced ignition), glow plug, battery and its charging circuit, each electrical circuit should be equipped with a fuse or circuit breaker; for low-power electrical appliances, a common fuse or common circuit breaker may be provided, and the current intensity shall not exceed 16A. 4.3.4.3 There should be at least two lighting circuits in the car, and the lighting circuit used only at the entrance and exit can be used as one of them. When one circuit fails, the other should be able to work normally.
4.3.5 Battery
4.3.5.1 The battery should be firmly installed to prevent short circuit and be easy to access. 4.3.5.2 The battery compartment should be separated from the carriage and well ventilated. 4.3.6 Fire extinguisher and first aid kit
4.3.6.1 One or more fire extinguishers should be installed, one of which should be near the driver's seat; the installation space for each fire extinguisher should not be less than 600mm×200mm×200mm. Under the premise of not affecting installation and use, this space is allowed to have local protrusions. 4.3.6.2 For long-distance buses and tourist buses, one or more first aid kits should be installed. 101
4.3.7 Materials
GB 13094-1997
4.3.7.1 No flammable materials are allowed within 100mm of the exhaust pipe. 4.3.7.2 The inner wall, inner roof, inner and outer decorative parts of the carriage should be made of flame retardant materials, and their flame retardancy should comply with the provisions of GB8410. 4.4 Exits
4.4.1 Number of Exits
4.4.1.1 The minimum number of passenger doors is shown in Table 2. Table 2 Minimum number of passenger doors
Vehicle length
>7～10
>10～12
City bus
Note: There is at least one passenger door at the front and rear of an articulated bus. The minimum number of emergency exits is shown in Table 3.
Minimum number of passenger doors, units
Long-distance bus, tourist bus
Table 3 Minimum number of emergency exits
Vehicle length
>7～8
>8～10
>10～12
Minimum number of emergency exits
Note: The front and rear sections of an articulated bus are determined separately as a single vehicle, and the connecting passage between the front and rear sections cannot be regarded as an emergency exit. 3 Safety windows should be installed on the roof of long-distance buses and tourist buses with a length of more than 7m. The minimum number of safety windows is 4.4.1.3
See Table 4:
Table 4 Minimum number of safety windows
Vehicle length
Note: Regardless of the number of safety windows, only one safety exit can be considered. 4.4.2 Exit location
Minimum number of safety windows
4.4.2.1 The passenger door should be located on the right side of the vehicle, and at least one should be located in the front half of the vehicle. The center distance between the two passenger doors should not be less than 40% of the total length of the passenger area. For articulated buses, the length of the passenger area is determined by the front and rear sections respectively. 4.4.2.2 The number of exits on both sides of the bus should be basically the same, and the exits on the same side should be appropriately spaced along the length of the vehicle. 4.4.2.3 If a safety top window is installed, it should be as close to the middle of the roof as possible; if there are more than one safety top window, the distance between the two adjacent sides should be not less than 2m.
4.4.3 Minimum size of exit
4.4.3.1 See Table 5 for the minimum size of exit. 102
Passenger door
Safety door
Safety window on both sides of the vehicle
Safety window at the rear
of the vehicle
Safety top window
Clear height, mm
Clear width, mm
Net area
Net area
Net area of opening
4.4.4 Technical requirements for passenger door
GB130941997
Minimum size of exit||t t||City bus
Long-distance bus
Single channel door: 650
Dual channel door: 1000
Tour bus
3.0×10°, this area can pass through an elliptical cylinder with a thickness of 400mm and a cross section of 400mm×600mm4.0×10°, this area can pass through a rectangular body with a thickness of 400mm and a cross section of 500mm×700mm3.0×10%, this opening can pass through an elliptical cylinder with a thickness of 400mm and a cross section of 400mm×600mm4.4.4.1 The passenger door should be locked reliably and is not allowed to be opened automatically when the bus is driving. 4.4.4.2 When the passenger door is opened and closed, it should not cause harm to the passengers. 4.4.4.3 When the bus is stationary, the passenger door should be able to be opened from inside the bus. The passenger doors of long-distance buses and tourist buses should also be able to be opened from outside the bus. Even when the doors are locked outside the bus, the doors can still be opened from inside the bus. The height of the door opening device outside the bus from the ground (when unloaded) should not exceed 1800mm. 4.4.4.4 Single-leaf manual doors should be hinged at their front ends. 4.4.4.5 The driver should be able to directly see the situation of passengers inside and outside each passenger door from the seat, otherwise other measures should be taken to solve the problem. 4.4.5 Additional technical requirements for power-operated passenger doors 4.4.5.1 In an emergency, when the bus is stationary and the doors are not locked, each power-operated passenger door should be able to be opened from inside or outside the bus through a controller regardless of whether it is powered or not. The controller should have obvious signs for easy identification and be installed in a place that is easy to operate and ensures safety.
4.4.5.2 A luminous or audible signal device should be provided to inform the driver when the passenger door is not completely closed. This signal device can be used for one or more passenger doors.
4.4.5.3 The structure and control system of each power-operated passenger door shall ensure that passengers will not be injured or pinched by the door. For double-leaf folding passenger doors, a rubber sealing strip with a total width of at least 40mm shall be installed along the entire length of the door edge that may pinch passengers. 4.4.6 Safety door
4.4.6.1 It shall be reliably locked and easy to open from inside and outside the vehicle. The height of the door handle from the ground (when unloaded) shall not exceed 1800mm, and a protective cover shall be provided.
4.4.6.2 The safety door shall be hinged at the front end, with an outward opening angle of not less than 100 degrees, and can remain open at this angle, and an opening alarm device shall be provided.
4.4.7 Safety window
4.4.7.1 The safety window shall be a device that is easy to open quickly from inside and outside the vehicle; or it shall be tempered glass, and a hand hammer for breaking the glass shall be placed in a conspicuous position near it in the vehicle.
4.4.7.2 Hinged safety windows shall be hinged at the upper end, open outwards, and be equipped with an opening alarm device. 4.4.7.3 The bottom edge of the safety window on the side of the vehicle shall not be greater than 1000mm from the floor; for safety windows using tempered glass, it shall not be less than 500mm; for hinged safety windows, it shall not be less than 650mm. If the opening is equipped with a guardrail with a height of 650mm from the floor, it may not be less than 500mm, but the opening above the guardrail shall meet the minimum size requirements for safety windows. 103
4.4.8 Safety roof window
GB13094
4.4.8.1 The safety roof window shall be easy to open or remove from inside or outside the vehicle. 1997
4.4.8.2. After the safety roof window is opened, it shall ensure smooth entry and exit from inside and outside the vehicle. The ejection-type safety roof window shall be able to prevent misoperation. 4.4.9 Retractable step board
4.4.9.1 The step board shall be synchronized with the movement of the corresponding passenger door or safety door. When the door is open, its extended position shall comply with the provisions of 4.5.2; when the door is closed, it shall not exceed 10mm beyond the vertical projection of the body side. 4.4.9.2 When the power-operated step board is extended, the vehicle shall not be able to start. When the vehicle is moving or the device for operating the step board fails, the step board shall remain in the retracted position and shall not hinder the opening and closing of its corresponding door. 4.4.9.3 The movement of the step board shall not cause any harm to passengers or waiting persons. 4.4.9.4 When the step board is in the extended position, when an object with a mass of 136kg is placed in the center of the step board for a single-channel door or an object with a mass of 272kg is placed in the center of the step board for a double-channel door, the deformation of any point on the step board shall not exceed 10mm. 4.4.10 Signs
4.4.10.1 Each emergency exit should have the words "Emergency Exit" near it. 4.4.10.2 Emergency controls for passenger doors and emergency exits should be marked with clear symbols or words near them, and their operation methods should be indicated. 4.5 Interior and Exterior Layout
4.5.1 Passages
4.5.1.1 The approach from the passenger door to the edge of the uppermost step board should allow a vertical flat plate (see Figure 1 and Table 6) to pass through. The moving direction of the front of this plate should be consistent with the direction of passenger movement. 550
Figure 1 Plumb plate
Bus types
City bus
Long-distance bus
Tourist bus
GB 13094—1997
Table 6 Dimensions of plumb plate
4.5.1.2 The passage should allow the measuring device shown in Figure 2 and Table 7 to pass through. This device does not allow access to the area 300 mm in front of the seat$300
Figure 2 Aisle measuring device
Table 7 Aisle measuring device dimensions
Bus type
Lower cylinder diameter D,
Upper cylinder diameter D2
Upper cylinder height B
Total height H
City bus
Long-distance bus
a) The aisle, D, can be reduced by 100 mm behind the following positions; D, can be reduced to 400 mm for city buses: The transverse vertical plane 1500 mm in front of the center line of the rear axle; The transverse vertical plane at the rear edge of the rear passenger door. Tourist bus
b) Tourist bus If the seats on one or both sides of the aisle can be moved laterally and the passengers can immediately approach the seat operating mechanism to return the seat, the aisle width can reach 300 mm, then D, can be reduced to 220 mm. 4.5.1.3 If foldable seats are provided for passengers in the passage, when the seats are folded, the passage shall allow the measuring devices shown in Figure 2 and Table 7 to pass through.
4.5.1.4 The slope of the passage shall not exceed:
a) City buses and long-distance buses: 8%;
b) Tourist buses: 12.5%.
4.5.1.5 The approach from the passage to the emergency door shall allow one of the two measuring devices shown in Figure 3 to pass through. If the approach width is less than 105
GB13094-1997
300mm, it is allowed to widen the approach by means of rapid flipping of seats, etc. $550
￥300
4.5.2 Treads
Figure 3 Safety door approach measuring device
The maximum height, minimum height and minimum depth of the treads for passenger doors are shown in Figure 4 and Table 8.Figure 4 Schematic diagram of step board size
First-level step board
Other step boards
Bus type
Maximum height Da
Minimum depth A1min
Maximum height E
Minimum height Emin
Minimum net depth A2zmin
13094—1997
Step board size
City bus
Long-distance bus
Tour bus
If mechanical suspension is used, the passenger door of a city bus behind the rear axle and the passenger door of a long-distance bus and a tourist bus can have a Dx of 430mm, and the passenger door of a city bus located in front of the front axle can have a Dmx of 400mm. The passenger door of a city bus located behind the rear axle can have an Em of 300mm. 2
3D value should be measured at the center of the width of the first step when the vehicle is unloaded. 4.5.3 Passenger Seat Space
4.5.3.1 Seat Spacing (See Figure 5 and Table 9)
Figure 5 Seat Spacing Diagram
Minimum Seat Spacing
Bus Type
Seat Spacing H of Seats in the Same Direction
Seat Spacing L of Seats Facing Each Other
City Bus
Long-distance Bus
Tourist Bus
a) Seat Spacing H of Seats in the Same Direction: The minimum distance from the front of the seat back to the back of the previous seat back (measured horizontally at all heights between the highest point of the seat cushion and 620mm above the floor). b) Seat Spacing L of Seats Facing Each Other: The minimum distance between the front of the two seat backs when the seats are arranged face to face in a horizontal row (measured through the highest point of the seat cushion).
c) The above measurements shall be made in a vertical plane passing through the centerline of the single seat, and the seat cushion and backrest shall not be concave. 4.5.3.2 When there is no guardrail or other shielding in front of the seats of long-distance buses and tourist buses, seat belts shall be installed and comply with the provisions of GB14166.
4.5.3.3 The minimum clear space in front of each passenger seat is shown in Figure 6.107
Floor plane
4.5.3.4 Clear height above the seat cushion
GB13094—1997
550min
500max
700min
300min
30°m8x
—8° min
Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the minimum clear space in front of the seat
a) There should be a clear height of not less than 900mm above each seat cushion, which is measured from the highest point of the unsunken seat cushion. The range of this free height should include the vertical projection of the entire area of the seat and the seat legs. b) In the space described in 4.5.3.4a):
the front seat backrest is allowed to protrude,
the inverted triangular part adjacent to the vehicle inner wall at the top of the space (see Figure 7) is allowed to protrude components; and the rectangular part adjacent to the vehicle inner wall at the bottom of the space (see Figure 8) is allowed to protrude pipes (such as for heating). 100
Inner wall of vehicle
Highest point of unrecessed seat cushion
Center system
Seat width
Figure 7 Positions where components are allowed to protrude
4.5.4 Others
GB 13094--1997
Inner wall of vehicle compartment
Figure 8 Positions where pipes are allowed to protrude
4.5.4.1 The windshield glass shall be laminated glass or regional tempered glass, and the glass of other windows and doors shall be safety glass, and its performance shall comply with the provisions of GB9656.
4.5.4.2 The internal and external parts and components of the vehicle body that may be touched by passengers shall not have sharp corners and sharp edges. 4.5.4.3 If natural ventilation is not possible in the vehicle compartment, a forced ventilation device shall be installed, and the amount of clean outside air supplied to each passenger shall be not less than 20m/h.
4.5.4.4 The dashboard and instrument panel in the driving area should use non-reflective panels or guards, and the interior lighting devices and the reflected light on the windshield, mirrors, etc. should not dazzle the driver. 4.5.4.5 The luggage rack in the car should be able to prevent objects from falling, and its load-bearing capacity should not be less than 40kg/m2. 4.5.4.6 The height of the railing of the roof luggage rack should not be less than 200mm, and the allowable load should be marked in a conspicuous place. 4.6 Passability
4.6.1 The bus should be able to move within a circle with a diameter of $24m without its outermost point exceeding this circle. 4.6.2 When the outermost point of the bus moves on a circle with a diameter of 24m, the width of its turning channel should not be greater than 6.7m (see Figure 9). 109
GB 13094--1997
Figure 9 Width of turning channel
4.6.3 Stop the bus on a flat road in the straight-ahead direction, draw a projection line from the outer side of the bus body to the ground, and deflect the front wheels to an angle equivalent to a turning diameter of $24m. Then hold the steering wheel and start at a low speed. The outward swing value of the outermost point T of the rear of the bus to the projection line (see Figure 10): for articulated buses, it shall not exceed 1.2m; for other buses, it shall not exceed 0.8m.7m (see Figure 9). 109
GB 13094--1997
Figure 9 Width of turning channel
4.6.3 Stop the bus on a flat road in the straight direction, draw a projection line from the outer side of the bus body to the ground, and deflect the front wheels to an angle equivalent to a turning diameter of $24m, then hold the steering wheel and start at a low speed. The outward swing value of the outermost point T of the rear of the bus to the projection line (see Figure 10): for articulated buses, it shall not exceed 1.2m, and for other buses, it shall not exceed 0.8m.7m (see Figure 9). 109
GB 13094--1997
Figure 9 Width of turning channel
4.6.3 Stop the bus on a flat road in the straight direction, draw a projection line from the outer side of the bus body to the ground, and deflect the front wheels to an angle equivalent to a turning diameter of $24m, then hold the steering wheel and start at a low speed. The outward swing value of the outermost point T of the rear of the bus to the projection line (see Figure 10): for articulated buses, it shall not exceed 1.2m, and for other buses, it shall not exceed 0.8m.
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