This standard specifies the control requirements for occupational exposure to cosmic radiation for flight crews. This standard applies to public air transport carriers and their flight crews engaged in various types of civil aviation flights. It can also be used as a reference by diplomatic couriers and other personnel who frequently perform official duties by jet aircraft. This standard does not apply to flight crews flying at altitudes below 8000m. GBZ 140-2002 Aircrew Cosmic Radiation Control Standard GBZ140-2002 Standard Download Decompression Password: www.bzxz.net

ICS13.100
National occupational health standard of the People's Republic of China GBZ140-2002
Standard for controlling exposure to cosmic radiation of air crew
Standard for controlling exposure to cosmic radiation of air crewIssued on April 8, 2002
Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China
Implementation on June 1, 2002
Terms and definitions
Control standards
General requirements
Control measures
Appendix A (informative appendix)
Appendix B (informative appendix)
Effective dose of cosmic radiation in the cabin of different routes (software calculation results)Number of flight hours required for cumulative exposure to 1mSv effective dose of cosmic radiation at a given flight altitude at 60° north latitude and the equator
This standard is formulated in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational DiseasesThe control standards in Chapter 3 of this standard are mandatory contents, and the rest are recommended contents. Cosmic radiation exposure belongs to natural source exposure, but the cosmic radiation exposure received by aviation flight crew during flight missions belongs to occupational exposure. Airline owners have the responsibility to take appropriate measures to control the occupational exposure of cosmic radiation that flight crew may be exposed to higher than 1mSv/a. This standard aims to specify the control indicators and measures for cosmic radiation exposure received by flight crew, and is applicable to flight crew engaged in various types of civil aviation flights at an altitude of more than 8000m. In the preparation of this standard, "Recommendations for the Implementation of Title VII of the European Basic Safety Standards Directive, Concerning Significant increase in exposure due to Natural Radiation Sources, Section 4-Air Crew" (1996) was adopted. The control indicators of this standard also refer to the "International Commission on Radiological Protection 1990 Recommendations" (ICRP Publication No. 60) and "International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and Safety of Radiation Sources" (IAEA Safety Series No. 115). Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are both informative appendices. This standard is proposed and managed by the Ministry of Health.
Drafting units of this standard: Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Medicine, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China Civil Aviation Medicine Research Office
China Institute of Atomic Energy
Main drafters of this standard: Wang Qiliang, Ren Tianshan, Xia Yihua, Wang Xiaofei, Ge Shengqiu, Wen Jing This standard is interpreted by the Ministry of Health.
1 Scope
Cosmic Radiation Control Standard for Aircrew
This standard specifies the control requirements for occupational exposure to cosmic radiation received by aircrew GBZ140-2002
This standard applies to public air transport carriers and their aircrew engaged in various types of civil aviation flights. Diplomatic couriers and other personnel who often perform official duties by jet aircraft can also refer to it. This standard does not apply to aircrew flying at an altitude below 8000m. 2 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 2.1 Aircrew
refers to aviation personnel who perform tasks on aircraft during flight, including pilots, navigators, flight engineers, flight communicators and stewards. Also known as crew members. 2.2 Cosmic radiation
Ionizing radiation from the sun and outer space, which varies with altitude and latitude. Cosmic radiation is also known as cosmic rays. 2.3 Occupational exposure occupational exposure All exposures to which workers are exposed during their work, except for those excluded by national laws and regulations and standards and those caused by practices or sources exempted in accordance with regulations. 2.4 Public air transport carrier apublicairtransportenterprise refers to a public air transport enterprise established in accordance with law within the territory of my country, which uses multi-engine aircraft with a maximum take-off weight of more than 5,700 kilograms to engage in scheduled and irregular air passenger and cargo (mail) transport operations. Hereinafter referred to as the carrier. 2.5 Flight altitude flightaltitude
The endurance altitude of the aircraft after it completes the climb, also known as the cruising altitude. 2.6 Flight duration
refers to the time from when the aircraft begins to move under its own power in preparation for takeoff until the flight ends and stops moving. 3 Control standards
3.1 The effective dose of occupational exposure of flight crew members shall not exceed 20mSv/a. 3.2 Female flight crew members shall take additional control measures from the date of discovery of pregnancy during the remaining period of pregnancy to ensure that the cumulative dose received on the abdominal surface (lower trunk) does not exceed 1mSv. 4 General requirements
Each air carrier (owner) shall take appropriate measures to control the occupational exposure of flight crew members in the enterprise to cosmic radiation exceeding 1mSv/a.
4.1 Provide aviation flight radiation safety education to flight crew members, explain and make them aware of the possible dangers of occupational exposure to cosmic radiation, and female employees should know that they need to be subject to special control during pregnancy. 4.2 Evaluate and control the radiation dose of flight crew members. The exposure of flight crew members to direct and indirect ionizing radiation components of cosmic radiation in all flight arrangements can be measured in the cabin by instruments or calculated and evaluated by software that has been verified and reviewed by relevant national departments. The software used should be able to repeat the results listed in Table A1 and Table A2 in Appendix A (Informative Appendix). When conditions permit, active or passive detection instruments should be used to verify on typical flights and routes. 4
4.3 When arranging flight plans for flight crew members, consideration should be given to reducing the cosmic radiation dose received by flight crew members. 4.4 Special control should be given to female flight crew members during pregnancy in accordance with the requirements of Section 3.2, but pregnancy should not be used as a reason to refuse female flight crew members to continue working.
5 Control measures
5.1 No further control measures are required for flight crew members whose effective dose is less than 1mSv/a. Appendix B (Informative Appendix) gives the number of flight hours required to receive 1 mSv of exposure at different flight altitudes at 60°N and the equator under the condition of minimum solar activity. Table B1 can be used to identify flight routes where the annual effective dose of occupational cosmic radiation exposure does not exceed 1 mSv. 5.2 For aircrew whose effective dose is expected to be between 1-5 mSv/a, personal dose estimation or monitoring should be carried out and the results should be made known to the individual. For aircrew whose effective dose is expected to exceed 5 mSv/a, special attention should be paid to the control and adjustment of cosmic radiation exposure, rotation of their flight routes, and establishment of personal dose files. 5.3 For aircrew flying on routes with a flight altitude of less than 15 km, the dose can be estimated by computer software. For routes with a flight altitude of more than 15 km, in addition to software estimation, the cabin should be equipped with active monitors that can warn of sudden increases in cosmic radiation dose rates. If necessary, the flight altitude should be reduced in time under the monitoring of active monitoring instruments to reduce the sharp increase in cosmic radiation intensity in a short period of time caused by solar flares. This sharp change in short-term dose rate should be considered in aircrew dose assessment.
5.4 Female flight attendants should report their pregnancy in time once they discover it, so that the owner can take supplementary measures in time and adjust their flight work to ensure that the requirements of Article 3.2 are met. Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Effective dose of cosmic radiation in the cabin on different routes (software calculation results) A1 The effective dose for some short routes is shown in Table AI. Table A1 can be used to verify the reliability of the calculation software. 5
Route (one-way)
Beijing-Guangzhou
Beijing-Shanghai
Beijing-Tokyo
Guangzhou-Shanghai
Shanghai-Guangzhou
Shanghai-Chengdu
Shanghai-Kunming
Flight time
Route effective dose
Thousand-hour effective dose
(mSv/1000h）
Note: Assume that the cruising altitude of the short route is 11.0km, the time to climb to the cruising altitude is 20 minutes, and the landing time is 20 minutes. The flight time is taken from the published timetable. The doses of each route in the table are the average values ​​in 1999,The error of dose estimation is about ±20%.
A2 The effective dose for some long routes is shown in Table A2. Table A2 can be used to verify the reliability of the calculation software. Table A2
Route (one-way)
Beijing-San Francisco
Beijing-Copenhagen
Beijing-Brussels
Beijing-Paris
Shanghai-VancouverWww.bzxZ.net
Shanghai-Brussels
Guangzhou-Melbourne
Guangzhou-Amsterdam
Stockholm-Tokyo
Frankfurt-Bangkok
Amsterdam-Vancouver
Brussels-Singapore
Flight time
Route effective dose
Thousand-hour effective dose
(mSv/1000h)
Note: Assume that the cruising altitude for 50% of the flight time on long routes is 11.0km. The cruising altitude for the other 50% of the flight time is 12.5km. The time to climb to the cruising altitude is 30min, and the landing time is 30min. The flight time is taken from the published timetable, so it includes the time spent on the ground. The foreign routes in the table are calculated under the condition of minimum solar activity, while the routes starting in China are the average value in 1999. The error of the calculated results is about ±20%. Appendix B
(Informative Appendix)
Number of flight hours required to receive a cumulative effective dose of 1 mSv of cosmic radiation at a given flight altitude at 60° north latitude and the equator Table B1 Number of flight hours required to receive a cumulative effective dose of 1 mSv of cosmic radiation when flying at different latitudes () and altitudes (2) 6
Flight altitude, km (kilometers)
11 (36.1)
12 (39.4)
609°N
Flight Latitude
0°Equator
The latitude in this table refers to the geomagnetic latitude (2m), which can be calculated from the geographical coordinates (longitude a° and latitude b°): 2m=sinb°cosl1.7°+.cosbasin11.7°cos(ao-291)(2) This table is the number of flight hours required to receive 1mS of radiation at a solar potential of 500MV (close to solar minimum) calculated by CARI-3, with an estimated uncertainty of ±20%. It can be used to identify flight routes with an annual dose not exceeding 1mSv. For example, a flight with an altitude of less than 8km flying 620h at 60°N and 1330h at the equator would give its crew an annual dose of 1mSv. Flights at 60° north latitude and a specified altitude at the equator correspond to the maximum and minimum limit cases of occupational exposure to cosmic radiation under the same flight altitudes in civil aviation. The flight times under other latitude flight conditions can be estimated by linear interpolation based on the flight times given in this table.
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