This standard applies to the classification of occupational exposure to toxic substances. GB 5044-1985 Classification of occupational exposure to toxic substances GB5044-1985 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Classification of health hazard levels from occupational exposure to toxic substances
Classification of health hazard levels from occupational exposure to toxic substances This standard applies to the classification of occupational exposure to toxic substances. 1 Basic definition
UDC613.632
GB5044-85
Occupational exposure to toxic substances refers to substances that workers are exposed to in the form of raw materials, finished products, semi-finished products, intermediates, reaction by-products and impurities during production, and can enter the human body through the respiratory tract, skin or mouth during operation and cause health hazards. 2 Classification principles
2.1 The classification of occupational exposure to toxic substances is a classification standard based on six indicators, namely acute toxicity, acute poisoning morbidity, chronic poisoning morbidity, chronic poisoning consequences, carcinogenicity and maximum allowable concentration. 2.2 The classification principle is to comprehensively analyze and weigh the six classification indicators, and determine the level of hazard based on the attribution of most indicators. However, for some special poisons, the level can be determined according to their acute, chronic or carcinogenic hazard levels. 3 Grading basis
3.1 Acute toxicity
Based on the data of the respiratory inhalation median lethal concentration (LC50) or oral and percutaneous median lethal dose (LD50) obtained from animal experiments, the lowest value of LC50 or LD50 is selected as the acute toxicity indicator. 3.2 Acute poisoning morbidity
It is a qualitative indicator based on the incidence and consequences of acute poisoning; it can be divided into four levels: easy to occur, possible to occur, occasional poisoning and no acute poisoning. The easy occurrence of fatal poisoning or disability is defined as serious consequences of poisoning; easy recovery is defined as good prognosis. 3.3 Chronic poisoning status
Generally, it is based on the prevalence of poisoning among workers in the main industries that are exposed to poisons; however, when there is a lack of prevalence data, the incidence of poisoning symptoms or poisoning indicators can be used.
3.4 ​​Chronic poisoning consequences
Based on the outcome of chronic poisoning, it is divided into four levels: continued progression or incurable, basically cured, and self-recovery after discontinuation of contact. The consequences of chronic poisoning can also be determined based on the nature of the damaged lesions (progressive, irreversible, reversible) and the pathological and physiological characteristics of the target organs (repair, regeneration, and functional reserve capacity) in the results of animal tests. 3.5 Carcinogenicity
Mainly based on the carcinogenicity data of the poison published by the International Center for Cancer Research or other recognized data, it is determined as a human carcinogen, a suspected human carcinogen, an animal carcinogen, or no carcinogenicity. 3.6 Maximum allowable concentration
Mainly based on the maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in workshop air in Table 4 of TJ36-79 "Industrial Enterprise Design Hygiene Standards". 3.7. The classification basis of occupational exposure to toxic substances is shown in Table 1, which is divided into four levels: extreme hazard, high hazard, moderate hazard and mild hazard.
Published by the National Bureau of Standards on April 2, 1985
Implemented on December 1, 1985
LCso by inhalation, mg/m
LDso by skin, mg/kg
LDso by mouth, mg/kg
Acute poisoning morbidity
Chronic poisoning morbidity
Consequences of chronic poisoning
Carcinogenicity
Maximum allowable concentration||tt ||GB5044—85
Table 1 Occupational exposure to toxic substances Hazard classification basis Points
(Extremely hazardous)
Poisoning is likely to occur during production,
Serious consequences
High morbidity rate (>5%)
Continue to progress after being out of contact
Or cannot be cured
Human carcinogens
(Highly hazardous)
Poisoning may occur during production,
Good prognosis
High prevalence (<5%)
Or high incidence of symptoms (>
20%)
After breaking away from contact, you can basically
Suspected human carcinogens
Occupational exposure to toxic substances hazard level classification and industry examples
(Moderate hazard)
Poisoning may occur occasionally
Poisoning cases may occur occasionally or
The incidence of symptoms is high (》
|10%)
Recoverable after breaking contact,
No serious consequences
Carcinogens in experimental animals
(mild hazard)
>20000
No acute poisoning so far,
but acute effects
No chronic poisoning but chronic effects
Recoverable on its own after breaking contact, no adverse consequences
No carcinogenicity
4.1 According to this classification standard, the hazard levels of 56 common poisons that my country is exposed to are classified, see Table 2. Table 2 Classification of hazard levels of occupational exposure to poisons and industry examples Level
Level I (extremely hazardous)
Name of poison
Mercury and its compounds
Arsenic and its inorganic compounds*
Vinyl chloride
Chromates, dichromates
*Except for non-carcinogenic inorganic arsenic compounds.
Industry examples
Mercury smelting, amalgam removalChlor-alkali production
Production and use of benzene-containing adhesives (leather shoes)Arsenic mining and smelting, mining and smelting of metal ores (copper, tin)Polyvinyl chloride resin production
Chromate and dichromate production
Class I (extremely hazardous)
Class II (highly hazardous)
GB504485
Continued Table 2
Name of poisons
Beryllium and its compounds
Parathion||t t||Nickel Carbonyl
Octafluoroisobutylene
Chloromethyl Ether
Manganese and Its Inorganic Compounds
Trinitrotoluene
Lead and Its Compounds
Carbon Disulfide
Propylene
Carbon Tetrachloride
Hydrogen Sulfide
Hydrogen Fluoride
Pentachlorophenol and Its Sodium Salt
and Its Compounds
Yellow Phosphorus Production
Industry Examples
Beryllium Smelting, Manufacture of Beryllium Compounds
Production and Storage and Transportation| |tt||Manufacturing of nickel carbonyl
Cracking of difluorochloromethane and its residual liquid treatment Production of dimethyl ether and monocyanomethyl ether, manufacturing of ion exchange resins Mining and smelting of manganese ore, smelting of ferromanganese and manganese steel, manufacturing of high manganese welding rods Manufacturing of sodium fluoride, manufacturing of organic glass
Manufacturing of trinitrotoluene and processing of arms production Smelting of lead, manufacturing of storage batteries
Manufacturing of carbon disulfide, manufacturing of viscose fiber
Manufacturing of liquid fluorine caustic soda, electrolysis of salt
Manufacturing of acrylonitrile and polyacrylonitrile
Manufacturing of carbon tetrachloride||t t||Manufacturing of sulfur dyes
Manufacturing of phenolic and urea-formaldehyde resins
Manufacturing of aniline
Manufacturing of electrolytic aluminum and hydrofluoric acid
Manufacturing of pentaminophenol and sodium pentaminophenol
Cadmium smelting and production of cadmium compounds
Grade II (highly hazardous)
Grade III (moderately hazardous)
GB5044-85
Continued Table 2
Name of poisons
Trichlorfon
Nitrogen and propene
Vanadium and its compounds
Methyl bromide Alkane
Dimethyl sulfate
Nickel
Toluene diisocyanate
Epifluoropropane
Hydrogen phosphate
Dichlorvos
Chloroprene
Carbon monoxide
Nitrobenzene
Styrene
Trichlorfon production, storage and transportation
Industry examplesbzxz.net
Epoxy nitropropane production, sodium propylene sulfonate production Vanadium iron ore mining and smelting
Methyl bromide production
Manufacture, storage and transportation of dimethyl sulfate
Mining and smelting of nickel ore
Production of polyurethane plastics
Production of epichlorohydrin
Smelting of nonferrous metal ores
Production, storage and transportation of dichlorvos
Manufacturing of phosgene
Manufacturing of chloroprene, polymerization
Manufacturing of coal gas, blast furnace ironmaking, coking
Production of nitrobenzene
Manufacturing of styrene, manufacturing of glass fiber reinforced plastics
Manufacturing of methanol
Manufacturing, storage and transportation of nitric acid
Manufacturing, storage and transportation of sulfuric acid
Salt Acid manufacturing, storage and transportation
Toluene manufacturing
Level III (moderate hazard)
[Level V (mild hazard)
Xylene
Trichloroethylene
GB5044-85
Continued Table 2
Industry examples
Trichloroethylene manufacturing, metal cleaning
Dimethylformamide
Hexafluoropropylene
Nitrogen oxides
Solvent gasoline
Sodium hydroxide
Tetrafluoroethylene||tt| |Manufacturing of dimethylformamide, synthesis of butadiene rubberManufacturing of hexafluoropropylene
Manufacturing of phenolic resin, phenol production
Manufacturing of nitric acid
Manufacturing of rubber products (tires, rubber shoes, etc.)Manufacturing of acetone
Manufacturing of caustic soda, papermaking
Manufacturing of polyperfluoroethylene propylene
Manufacturing of ammonia, nitrogen fertilizer production
4.2 The degree of harm to other industries (not listed in Table 2) that are exposed to the same poison can be classified according to the concentration of poisons in the workshop air, the incidence rate of poisoning, and the length of contact time. If the concentration of poisons in the workshop air often reaches the maximum allowable concentration value specified in TJ36-79 "Industrial Enterprise Design Hygiene Standard", and its incidence rate or symptom incidence rate is lower than the corresponding value in this classification standard, it can be reduced by one level.
4.3 When exposed to multiple poisons, the level of the poison that produces the greatest degree of harm shall prevail. Additional notes:
This standard is proposed by the Labor Protection Bureau of the Ministry of Labor and Personnel. This standard was drafted by the Health Research Institute of China Preventive Medicine Center. The main drafters of this standard were Lü Boqin and Fu Weizu.
Tip: This standard content only shows part of the intercepted content of the complete standard. If you need the complete standard, please go to the top to download the complete standard document for free.