SY 5522-1992 Microfossils (Ostracod Gastropoda) Analysis and Identification MethodsSY5522-1992 Standard Download Decompression Password: www.bzxz.net

Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry Standard SY5522-92 of the People's Republic of China
Microfossils (ostracod gastropod charophytes)
Analysis and Identification Methods
Published on November 3, 1992
Ministry of Energy of the People's Republic of China
Implementation on April 1, 1993
Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry Standard SY 5522-92 of the People's Republic of China
Analysis and Identification Methods of Microfossils (ostracod gastropod charophytes) Subject Content and Applicable Scope
This standard specifies the sampling requirements, analysis methods, identification principles and quality requirements for microfossils (ostracods, gastropods, charophytes). This standard is applicable to the analysis and identification of ostracod, microgastropod and charophyte samples in petroleum and natural gas geological experiments. Reagents, equipment and instruments
2.1 Reagents
Hydrogen peroxide
Sodium peroxide,
Sodium bicarbonate;
Sodium hydroxide:
Glauber's salt (NaSO10H.O),
Carbon tetrafluoride,
Gasoline, washing powder or other detergents.
2.2 Equipment
Binocular stereo microscope (magnification range, 5×～160×; identification microscope must be equipped with: transmitted light system, micrometer, micrograph or microphotographic equipment) b. Sample drying equipment, temperature adjustment model, 20~300C Rock crusher
English typewriter: Chinese and English word processor or microcomputer. d.
2.3 Equipment
Analytical sieve, aperture: 0, 10, 0.15, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 3.00 mmsa,
b. Magnifying glass, magnification range: 5×～20×, c, hand specimen box, outer dimensions 1×b×h, mm, 115×115×45 and 53×53×325d, micro-box outer box dimensions 1×6×h, mm10×215×115, inner box dimensions 1×b×h, mm, 75×26×3, plate dimensions 1×6×h, mm, 290×195×8e, measuring cup, specifications: 500, 1000ml.
3 Sample collection
3.1 Preparation before collection
3.1.1 Clearly identify the geological problems to be solved by collecting this batch of samples. 3.1.2 Understand the regional geological conditions and relevant geological materials in the sampling area. Ministry of Energy of the People's Republic of China approved on November 3, 1992 and implemented on April 1, 1993
3.1.3 Prepare the sampling tools.
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3.2 Sampling requirements
3.2.1 For key exploration and systematic coring, systematic sampling should be carried out. For general exploration and systematic coring, the sampling should be carried out according to the problem to be solved.
3.2.2 When collecting ridge core and outcrop samples, it is necessary to observe carefully layer by layer, record the meaningful geological phenomena, and use a magnifying glass to find fossils and take samples.
3.2.3 The sampling density of systematic sampling wells (sections): a. For chip samples, one bag of samples is collected every 6 to 10 meters
b. For core samples, except for sampling when fossils are found, one piece is collected for every meter of the core section that can contain fossils. 3.2.4 For the key outcrops, according to the requirements of 3.2.3, select appropriate density system sampling within 110m. 3.3 Sampling location and lithology
3.3.1 Sampling location
3.3.1.1 Select the land with more fossils or the most likely to find fossils, and collect core or outcrop samples. 3.3.1.2 If the rock fragments are selected according to the electrical measurement curve, the depth of the curve representing the lithology section such as mudstone and limestone should be sampled below.
3.3.2 Sampling lithology
3.3.2.1 Sampling mainly selects dark-colored siltstone and limestone. 3.3.2.2 Red-brown, gray-gray-green mudstone or limestone should also be appropriately collected. 3.3.2.3 Sandy rocks with more lime and mud interlayers in sandy conglomerate. Appropriate sampling is also required. 3.4 Sample requirements
3.4.1 The mass of the drilled sample shall not be less than 100g (referring to core or cuttings samples, and wall coring is not limited). 3.4.2 If the core sample must be free of pollution, it shall be taken into a semi-cylindrical shape (except for cores that are broken or severely worn). 3.4.3 The cuttings sample shall be taken after being mixed evenly, and both coarse and fine shall be taken into consideration. 3.4.4 For outcrop sampling, fresh samples must be taken, and the mass shall not be less than 500 3.5 Fill in the sampling list
Fill in the sampling list according to the format of Table 1. For outcrop samples, the layer number and exact position of the layer where the sample is located shall be marked in the "sampling position" column, and for core samples, the number of coring, block number and distance from the top (bottom) of the core of the sample shall be recorded in this column. Table 1 Microfossil sampling list Form
and number (or section):
Structure,
Sampling date:
Number Era or layer Sample type Grain position
Sampling depth
Sample number
Year Month Day
Lithological description
Sample provider:
Sub-item
Reviewer:
4 Analysis method
4.1 Sample observation
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Before analysis, the lithological description of each core (outcrop) sample was carried out, and the type, abundance, distribution status and relevant sedimentary characteristics of the fossils were recorded. The format of analysis record is shown in Table 2. 4.2 Sample carving
Sample carving must be carried out under a microscope, with a magnification of not less than 6 times for gastropods and not less than 12 times for ostracods and charophytes. 4.2.1
When carving core samples and outcrop samples, they must be split into sheets along the layer to carve out the complete fossil. 4.2.2#
4.2.5 If the fossil is difficult to carve out, mark it with a red pen and store it in a hand specimen box. Table 2 Micro-analysis record format
Region:
Certification number (spherical)
Chemical product number
4.3 Sample crushing
Equipment name
Analyst,
Analysis period:
Sampling depth
【or pull】
Observation record
Lithology description
Reviewer,
4.3,1 Hard rock samples are crushed with a rock crusher, and the particle size after crushing is not less than 4-4mm. Fossil content
4.3.2 Mudstone and sandstone of normal hardness are crushed with a hand hammer, and the particle size requirements are the same as those in 4.3.1. 4.4 Sample washing
4.4.1 Oily samples must first be deoiled with gasoline (or carbon tetrafluoride, detergent). 4.4.2 Samples without oil should be soaked directly with water. 4.4.3 Soft muddy samples with high viscosity should be soaked with 10%~20% (m/m) concentration of hydrogen peroxide or sodium peroxide. 4.4.4 Muddy rock samples that are not easy to disperse should be boiled with 10%~30% (m/m) concentration of sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydroxide (or other separation agents) solution over a slow fire to promote dispersion. 4.4.5 Rinse the treated samples with clean water to remove the mud. The diameter of the analytical sieve hole for the bottom sample shall not be less than 0.10mm. 4.5 Drying samples: Rinsed samples should be dried in time with drying equipment (or appropriate methods). 4.6 Sieve samples
4.6.1 The dried samples shall be sieved with analytical sieves of 2.00, 1.00, and 0.15 mm aperture. 4.6.2 For Paleozoic charophyte samples, they shall be sieved with analytical sieves of 3.00, 2.00, and 1.00 mm aperture. 4.7 Select samples
Put the sieved samples under the microscope in turn and select the fossils row by row. The magnification of the microscope shall not be less than 124.7.1
4.7.2 For urgent samples, a few representative fossils may be selected first for identification and timely provision of results. 4.7.3 All fossils in conventional samples must be selected (including fossils of other categories). 3
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4.7.4 The selected fossils shall be placed in different fossil boxes according to their categories. 4.5 If there are abnormal abundance windows (more than 150 fossils), after picking out 150 fossils of different types, seal the remaining samples and indicate it on the fossil box and analysis record.
5 Analysis requirements
5.1 The sample mass for each analysis is 100g. If the analysis volume or the number of analyses is increased, the analysis mass (number) or number of analyses must be indicated in the analysis record and the fossil box.
5.2 Nomenae fossils contained shall be omitted.
5.3 The missing rate of separated complete fossils must be less than 10%, and the missing rate of incomplete fossils must be less than 30%. 5.4 For the selected samples, according to Articles 5.2 and 5.3. Timely spot check. The spot check rate is 10%, and the qualified rate must be higher than 80%.
6 Fossil identification principles
61 Fossil identification should be based on officially published paleontological literature. The relevant identification steps and precautions should be carried out in accordance with the recognized paleontological identification and naming principles and regulations at home and abroad. 6.2 Fossils that belong to the same biological belt (or combination belt) and have the same basic characteristics should be classified as the same species. Even if the specimens are different in size or some characteristics have changed, as long as these changes conform to the laws of individual development of organisms, they should still be classified as the same species. 6.3 Fossils from different regions or different biological belts with different characteristics and sizes should be classified as different species. 6.4 Fossil morphological changes based on sufficient age (stratum) or evolutionary significance should be affirmed, and different species or subspecies (variants) should be divided accordingly.
7 Fossil classification basis
7.1 Ostracoda
.1.1 Divide families or subfamilies based on muscle trace characteristics. 7.1.2 The genera or subgenera are divided according to the structure of the shell, the overlapping relationship of the shell valves, the internal structure, capillaries, ornamentation, fine structure and shell shape.
7.1.3 The species or subspecies are divided according to the shape, ornamentation, fine structure, gonadal marks and other morphological characteristics. Attention should be paid to identifying male and female dimorphism and age dimorphism.
7.2 Gastropoda
7.2.1 The families and genera are divided according to the overall morphological characteristics of the shell, the shape of the shell mouth, the shell ornamentation and the size of the shell, the direction of the spiral ring, etc. 7.2.2 The species is determined according to the shape, size, ornamentation and other fine characteristics. 7.3 Algae
3.1 The division is based on the growth direction of the cells surrounding the egg apparatus. 7.3.2 The division is based on the number of cells surrounding the egg apparatus, the type of nuchal structure, the presence or absence of the nuchal pore and the shell. 7.3.3 The genus shall be divided according to the top structural features of the ootheca, the development of the apical pore and the shell, the combined appearance, the longitudinal section characteristics and the morphology of the bottom pore and the bottom plug.
7.3.4 The species shall be divided according to the morphology, size, number of spiral rings in side view, equatorial angle, decoration, degree of calcification, longitudinal section side wall and shell characteristics of the ootheca.
B Identification requirements
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8.1 Filling in the record
8.1.1 Fill in the identification record according to the format of Table 3. At the same time, write the Chinese and Latin names of each fossil. If only one of the names is written, a comparison table of Chinese and Latin cultural stone names must be listed in the identification report. Table 3 Record format for identification of microfossils
Region:
Well number (or section):
Structure:
Identification date,
Sample number, Sample depth (formation location)
And generality
Identifier,
8.1.2 Record the lithology of each fossil.
8.1.3 Note the immature (mature) individuals of each fossil and record their number. Year Month
Reviewer:
Existence
8.1.4 For ostracod fossils, single petals, double petals and fragments must be marked in the "Existence" column, and their numbers must be counted in the latter column.
For gastropods, the numbers are recorded separately according to complete, relatively complete and incomplete. For charophytes, the numbers must be recorded according to the following three preservation conditions: Complete - the top and bottom are well preserved or mostly well preserved, and the rest is preserved by more than 95% 3a.
Relatively complete
- the top structure is not fully preserved, but it does not affect the determination of the structural type, and the rest is preserved by 80% to 95%. Incomplete - the top and bottom are not fully preserved, and the rest is preserved by less than 80%. If the number of each fossil is less than 30, it must be recorded. The specific number of days should be recorded. If it is greater than 30, it should be indicated by “>30”. 8.1.7
Fossils that are well preserved and can be selected as type specimens must be marked in the record. Fossils left on hand specimens must also be noted in the record. 8.1.81

8.2 Identification of new types
8.2.1 New types among fossils must be recorded in the record and sketched. 8.2.2 For new types, relevant literature should be consulted as much as possible for identification. If the reference is not sufficient, it can be recorded as an undetermined species number first, and do not hastily name it a new genus or species.
8.2.3 After reading the relevant literature, if it is confirmed that it is not a known species but meets the conditions for the establishment of a new genus and species in international regulations, a new genus must be established in strict accordance with the legal procedures ( Species).
8.2.4 When there is a new view on a certain classification unit divided by the predecessors or the content it contains, if the fossil materials are abundant and the basis is sufficient, it is necessary to propose modification opinions in accordance with the international naming regulations, and write a special article to be published as soon as possible. 5
9 Report writing
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9.1 The identification results are listed in Table 4 format (including the analysis samples of the found fossils: if the fossil distribution map is drawn immediately after the identification is completed, this table can be omitted), and combined with the stratigraphic conditions, an identification report is submitted [the format is shown in Appendix A (Supplement) and Appendix B (Supplement). The basic content of the report should include: the name of the well (section) and the area (structure) to which it belongs, and the (layer) section, sample category, number of analyzed samples, number of found fossil samples, The distribution of major fossils and their stratigraphic positions (eras). 9.2 For the systematic analysis and (surface), stratigraphic division and comparison with adjacent wells (areas) shall be proposed. If the data is sufficient, ecological analysis and environmental discussion shall be conducted.
10 Data processing
Table 4 Microfossil identification table format
Region,
Number (or surface):
10.1 Fossil specimens
Structure:
Sample depth
(or location)
Appraiser,
Reviewer
10.1.1 Specimens shall be sorted by category, divided by area, and filed in time by wells (sections). 10.1.2 Type specimens shall be stored in research units or exhibition institutions and managed by dedicated personnel. t0.2 Data
10,2.1 Identification data shall be stored in the paleontological database of the computer in a timely manner. Name
(individual)
1D.2.2 All original surname data (from sampling records, analysis records to identification reports) must be filed in a timely manner. 10.3 Drawing of fossil distribution map
10.3.1 For systematic analysis wells (sections) or representative sections (surfaces) with stratigraphic significance, a single section (section) fossil distribution map should be drawn. The map should include: sampling location of the lithology columnar surface, type of mixture, name of fossils, distribution and quantity, and if it is a drill hole, there must also be an electrical measurement curve.
10.3.2 The scale of the fossil distribution map is usually 1:2000 or 1:500. The scale can be enlarged in special cases. See Appendix C (reference state) for the drawing format.
10.4 Modification of identification data
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According to the progress of microfossil classification research, the fossil names and their corresponding numbers in the database need to be modified regularly or in a timely manner, and the fossil correction reports of each section (section) and the fossil distribution map need to be revised. 11
Quality requirements for identification data
Identification data must comply with the provisions of each series in Chapters 6 to 10 of this standard. t1.1
The naming of taxonomic units above the genus level should be correct, and common species cannot be misidentified. 11.2
11.3 No fossils with chronological and environmental significance can be missed. 11.4 The longitudinal reading (depth or thickness) error of the fossil distribution map must be less than -0.5mm on the drawing. 11.5
Identification records, drawings and reports must be reviewed by professionals with the title of engineer or above. SY5522—92
Appendix A
Identification report cover format
(Supplement)
XX Petroleum Administration Bureau XXXXXXX
Microfossil analysis and identification report
Sampling unit
Well number (section)
Well (layer) section,m
Analysis items
Number of sample blocks
Year/month/day
Region:
Well number (or profile)
Structure:
Appraiser:
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Appendix B
Assessment report format
(Supplement)
Paleontological identification report
Reviewer,
Self-rolling position
Depth gate
Additional notes:
Resistance electric west line
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Example of single well (surface) distribution map
(reference)
Value drive category 1
Gastropoda
This standard is proposed by the Petroleum Industry Standardization Technical Committee. This standard is under the technical jurisdiction of the Petroleum Geological Exploration Professional Standardization Committee. Pure small glass cassette factorybzxz.net
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Fossil distribution
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This standard was drafted by the Exploration and Development Research Institute of the North China Petroleum Administration Bureau and the Institute of Geological Sciences of Shengli Petroleum Administration Bureau. The main drafters of this standard are Yang Shizhong, Xia Yu and Wu Shoufa. 10
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