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Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Construction of Cinder-lime Road Base
Interim Technical Regulations
CJJ5—83
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Construction of Cinder-lime Road Base
Interim Technical Regulations
CJJ5—83
Editor: Shenyang Municipal Engineering Design Institute Approval Unit: Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China Implementation Date: 1
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
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Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Notice on Issuing the "Interim Technical Regulations for Construction of Fly Ash and Lime Road Base" and the "Interim Technical Regulations for Construction of Coal Cinder and Lime Road Base" (83) Cheng Gong Zi No. 109
To the Urban Construction Bureaus of all provinces and autonomous regions, the Construction Committees of Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Qinghai Province and the Tibet Autonomous Region, and the Municipal Engineering Bureaus of Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai: In order to promote the use of industrial waste materials in road construction and improve the quality of road projects, we have organized forces to compile the "Interim Technical Regulations for Construction of Fly Ash and Lime Road Base" and the "Interim Technical Regulations for Construction of Coal Cinder and Lime Road Base". After review and revision, they are now approved as the Interim Provisions of the Ministry's Standards and will be implemented from August 1, 1983. If you have any opinions on the implementation, please inform the Ministry's Municipal Public Utilities Bureau. Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection
February 23, 1983
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Preparation Instructions
Using coal slag to build road base can not only turn waste into treasure, prevent pollution, but also improve road quality. It has certain technical and economic value and has been used in some cities for many years. However, the lack of a unified standard affects the construction quality. In order to further promote the use of fly ash and ensure the quality of the project, we organized forces to carry out research and testing work on "using industrial waste to build roads" since 1979. After more than three years of hard work, we completed this research topic and compiled the "Interim Technical Regulations for the Construction of Coal Slag and Lime Road Base". The main editor of this regulation is Shenyang Municipal Engineering Design Institute, and the participating units are municipal engineering institutes in nine cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Wuhan, Harbin, Changsha, Changchun, Xiangtan and Anshan. It is verified by Shanghai Municipal Engineering Research Institute.
Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
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Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Raw Materials
Section 1 Coal Slag
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Chapter 3 Mixture
Section 1
Mix Ratio
Optimum Moisture Content and Maximum Dry Density
Section 2
Section 3
Compression Resistance Strength
Chapter 4
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Chapter 5
Appendix 1
Preparatory work
Add water or remove water
Spread and roll
Early maintenance
........
Construction measures in rainy season
Quality standards and inspection and acceptance
Thickness design and structural combination
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Appendix II Some properties of raw materials and mixtures 1. Coal slag
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2. Lime
3. Coarse aggregate
4. Mixture
Appendix III Various calculation formulas
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, Coal slag lime mixture mix ratio conversion, material dosage calculation, water addition calculation
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2. Demonstration and application of the calculation formula for the maximum dry bulk density of coal slag and lime coarse aggregate mixture
China Electric Power Center
Appendix 4
Various test methods
Determination of active calcium oxide content in lime
Determination of active calcium oxide and magnesium oxide content
Method for determining moisture content of materials
Sieving test of aggregates
Ignition loss test of coal slag and fly ash
..........
Test on maximum dry bulk density and optimal molding moisture content of lime mixture．
......
Compressive strength test of fly ash lime, coal ash lime mixture
Determination of compaction density of lime mixture (sand filling method) 4-8
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Chapter 1 General Provisions
Article 1.0.1 Definition
The mixture formed by mixing coal ash, lime and other admixture materials in appropriate proportions, optimal water content and reasonable process is called coal ash lime mixture.
If other materials are added to this type of mixture, it is called coal ash lime mixture containing this kind of material. For example, when the admixture is earth, crushed stone, gravel or stabilized steel slag, iron slag and other materials, the mixture is called cinder lime king, cinder lime crushed stone, cinder lime gravel, cinder lime steel slag, cinder lime iron slag, etc. If the admixture contains both raw and other granular materials, earth is listed last, such as cinder lime crushed stone soil.
Any road base constructed with the above mixture is called cinder lime mixture road base in this specification.
Article 1.0.2 Characteristics
Cinder lime mixture is a slow-setting silicate material. The road base paved with it will form an integral layer. Under certain temperature and humidity, its strength increases with age. After hardening, it has good board properties, water stability and certain freezing stability and thermal insulation properties. However, the early strength is low, the wear resistance is poor, and a certain degree of shrinkage cracks will occur. Article 1.0.3 Scope of application
Cinder lime mixture is suitable for the construction of road base and subbase. Different types of cinder lime mixture can be selected for roads of different grades according to traffic conditions, material sources, construction seasons, road construction machinery, design requirements and technical and economic principles.
Article 1.0.4 Suitable construction temperature
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The strength growth rate of the cinder lime mixture base is greatly affected by the temperature. In order to ensure the quality of road base construction, a favorable construction season should be selected as much as possible. When the average temperature of the day is lower than 5℃ or the mixture is easy to freeze, it is generally not suitable for construction.
In frozen areas, the construction needs to be completed 1 to 1.5 months before freezing to ensure the pre-freezing age.
Chapter 2 Raw Materials
Section 1 Coal Ash
Article 2.1.1 Coal ash is the residue after coal combustion and is a low-activity volcanic ash material. The particles are loose and porous, and the general loose dry bulk density is 0.7-1.1 tons/m, the specific gravity is 1.7-2.4, and the main chemical components are SiO2 and Al2O3. Its general chemical composition and physical properties are shown in Appendix 2. Article 2.1.2 Road coal ash should be selected from general coal ash that does not contain impurities and has both coarse and fine particles. Its maximum particle size shall not be greater than 30 mm; the total amount of SiO2 and A120 shall be greater than 70%; the loss on ignition shall not be greater than 20%; the organic matter content shall be less than 1%
Section 2 Lime
Article 2.2.1 Road lime must be fully digested and not mixed with impurities. The CaO+MgO content of slaked lime should be greater than 50%; the CaO+Mg0 content of quicklime should be greater than 60%; the content of undigested particles that do not pass through the 10 mm sieve should be less than 20%. When the Ca0+Mg0 content of lime is between 30% and 50%, the amount of lime should be appropriately increased through experiments; when the Ca0+Mg0 content is less than 30%, it should not be used. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Article 2.2.2 The specific gravity of quicklime is about 3.2, and the dry bulk density is 800~1200 kg/m3. The specific gravity of slaked lime is about 2.2, and the water content should be kept between 25% and 35%, so that it is loose and not flying, and does not form a mass, which is convenient for transportation and construction. At this time, the wet bulk density is generally 600-620 kg/m3, and the corresponding dry bulk density is generally 465-490 kg/m3.Article 3 The scope of application of lime industrial waste (such as carbide slag) and lime scraps can be implemented in accordance with Article 2.2.1. Chemical lime scraps should be inspected for harmful substances to avoid harming humans and animals or polluting the environment. Section 3
Article 2.3.1 The plasticity index of soil added to coal slag lime mixture should be greater than 4. It is advisable to use soil with a plasticity index of 7 to 17. The organic matter content of various soils should be less than 8%, and the sulfate content should be less than 0.8%. Section 4 Aggregate
Article 2.4.1 According to local material sources, crushed stone, gravel, broken bricks and stabilized steel slag can be used. The particle size can be selected according to local usage characteristics, either as aggregates of the same particle size or as graded aggregates. The maximum particle size of the aggregate should be less than 50 mm or 1/3 of the compacted thickness. Mountain skin stone and weathered stone shall not be used. Article 2.4.2 The strength of the granular material is above Grade 4, and the dry bulk density of various granular materials shall be measured on site. The following ranges may also be used as a reference: crushed stone 1.35~1.45, gravel 1.7~1.75; broken brick 0.8~0.95 (all units are ton/m3). The general physical properties of granular materials are shown in Appendix II.
Section 5
Article 2.5.1 Water that does not contain oil and acid can be used to dissolve lime, mix mixtures and maintain curing.
Chapter 3 Mixtures
Section 1 Mixing Ratio
Article 3.1.1 There are two types of mix ratios for cinder-lime mixtures: the ratio calculated by the percentage of raw materials in the total dry weight of the mixture is called the weight ratio; the ratio calculated by the bulk volume of raw materials in the mixture is called the volume ratio. Article 3.1.2 The best mix ratio of cinder-lime mixture shall be determined through experiments. In production practice, it is necessary to select an economical and practical mix ratio based on the material source and equipment conditions, reinforcement effect, application layer and hydrological conditions. The mix ratio range listed in Table 3.1.2 can be used for reference. Common mix ratio range of cinder-lime mixture Number
Mixture type
Cinder-lime
Cinder-lime-soil
Cinder-lime aggregate
Selected materials
Weight ratio of cinder: lime
Weight ratio of cinder·lime·soil
Weight ratio of cinder?lime+aggregate
Common mix ratio range
80~ 8520~15
65~70:9~15:15~
25 or 48:12#40
26~33:7~9:58~67
31~49:6~7:30~
Weight ratio of coal slag lime aggregate soil coal slag·lime·aggregate·soil 54:9~28
Note: ①The ash content can be determined according to the coarseness of the material. The upper limit is used for the fine material and the lower limit can be used for the coarse material. ②The larger content of graded aggregate can be selected. Article 3.1.3 The mix ratio of coal slag lime mixture with aggregate should meet the following conditions: the volume of compacted coal slag lime (soil) should be larger than the pores of the loose coarse aggregate added to ensure compaction. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Section 2 Optimum Moisture Content and Maximum Dry Bulk Density Article 3.2.1 The moisture content of coal ash lime mixture should be close to the optimal compaction moisture content. The maximum dry bulk density and optimal moisture content can be determined by testing using a press or a standard compactor according to the test method attached to the appendix. The range listed in Table 3.2.1 can be used for reference.
Maximum dry bulk density, quantity
Reference table for optimum moisture content
Cinder lime
Cinder lime soil
Cinder lime aggregate
Dry bulk density (g/cm3)
1.20~1.35
1.34~1.40
1.65~1.80
Optimum moisture content (%)
Article 3.2.2 The maximum dry bulk density of the cinder lime mixture mixed with aggregate can be calculated according to the following formula
vo=(m+n+)℃+Ps*β
Wherein Vo——cinder lime type mixed with aggregate The maximum dry bulk density of the mixture (kg/m3);
--the pseudo specific gravity of the added aggregate (i.e. the dry bulk density of the whole coarse aggregate, So
kg/m3);
i.e. coal slag: lime: soil-
by weight ratio
dry bulk density (kg/m3);
's maximum
of coal slag lime soil--the percentage of the weight of aggregate, coal slag, lime, and soil in the total p, m, n, μ
dry weight (%);
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Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
β--reduction coefficient. Generally, it is taken as 0.9~0.98. Article 3.2.3 The moisture content of the mixture during construction can be slightly increased or decreased according to local experience and seasonal conditions. For the cinder-lime mixture mixed with coarse aggregate, the suitable water content (W.) during construction shall include the water content of the cinder-lime in the mixture at the optimum water content state and the water content of the coarse aggregate in the water holding state. The calculation formula is as follows: (However, if the water absorption of the coarse aggregate is very small, it can also be ignored). W, (%)
W, (%)
The suitable water content of the cinder-lime mixture when compacted when the coarse aggregate is added;
is the weight of the coarse aggregate and cinder-lime (soil) in percentage respectively;
W,——water holding capacity of coarse aggregate;
The optimum water content of cinder-lime (soil); G
——the total dry weight of the mixture.
Section 3 Compressive Strength
The strength requirements of Article 3.3.1
should be based on the principle of being suitable for the local traffic conditions and the strength requirements of the stratum. If there are no specific indicators for a region, the following regulations can be used as a reference: the compressive strength of the main road base should be greater than 20 kgf/cm; the compressive strength of the main road subbase or secondary road base should be greater than 15-20 kgf/cm, and the compressive strength of the secondary road subbase or general road base should be greater than 10-15 kgf/cm2 (all of the above are saturated strengths after 28 days of wet treatment).
The general strength range of the mixture is shown in Appendix 2. Engineering 6 Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Weight ratio of coal ash lime aggregate to soil coal ash·lime·aggregate·soil 54:9~28
Note: ①The ash content can be determined according to the coarseness of the material. The upper limit can be used for fine materials, and the lower limit can be used for coarse materials. ②The content of graded aggregate can be selected as the larger one. Article 3.1.3 The mix ratio of coal ash lime mixtures mixed with aggregates should meet the following conditions. The volume of compacted coal ash lime (soil) should be larger than the pores of the loose coarse aggregates added to ensure compaction. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Section 2 Optimum Moisture Content and Maximum Dry Bulk Density Article 3.2.1 The moisture content of coal ash lime mixtures should be close to the optimal compaction moisture content. The maximum dry bulk density and optimal moisture content can be determined by testing using a press or a standard compactor according to the test method attached to the appendix. The ranges listed in Table 3.2.1 can be used for reference.
Maximum dry bulk density, quantity
Optimum moisture content reference table
Cinder lime
Cinder lime soil
Cinder lime aggregate
Dry bulk density (g/cm3)
1.20~1.35
1.34~1.40
1.65~1.80
Optimum moisture content (%)
Article 3.2.2 The maximum dry bulk density of the slag lime mixture mixed with aggregate can be calculated according to the following formula
vo=(m+n+)℃+Ps*β
Where Vo is the slag lime type of the aggregate The maximum dry bulk density of the mixture (kg/m3);
--the pseudo specific gravity of the added aggregate (i.e. the dry bulk density of the whole coarse aggregate, So
kg/m3);
i.e. coal slag: lime: soil-
by weight ratio
dry bulk density (kg/m3);
's maximum
of coal slag lime soil--the percentage of the weight of aggregate, coal slag, lime, and soil in the total p, m, n, μ
dry weight (%);
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
β--reduction coefficient. Generally, it is taken as 0.9~0.98. Article 3.2.3 The moisture content of the mixture during construction can be slightly increased or decreased according to local experience and seasonal conditions. For the cinder-lime mixture mixed with coarse aggregate, the suitable water content (W.) during construction shall include the water content of the cinder-lime in the mixture at the optimum water content state and the water content of the coarse aggregate in the water holding state. The calculation formula is as follows: (However, if the water absorption of the coarse aggregate is very small, it can also be ignored). W, (%)
W, (%)
The suitable water content of the cinder-lime mixture when compacted when the coarse aggregate is added;
is the weight of the coarse aggregate and cinder-lime (soil) in percentage respectively;
W,——water holding capacity of coarse aggregate;
The optimum water content of cinder-lime (soil); G
——the total dry weight of the mixture.
Section 3 Compressive Strength
The strength requirements of Article 3.3.1
should be based on the principle of being suitable for the local traffic conditions and the strength requirements of the stratum. If there are no specific indicators for a region, the following regulations can be used as a reference: the compressive strength of the main road base should be greater than 20 kgf/cm; the compressive strength of the main road subbase or secondary road base should be greater than 15-20 kgf/cm, and the compressive strength of the secondary road subbase or general road base should be greater than 10-15 kgf/cm2 (all of the above are saturated strengths after 28 days of wet treatment).
The general strength range of the mixture is shown in Appendix 2. Engineering 6 Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Weight ratio of coal ash lime aggregate to soil coal ash·lime·aggregate·soil 54:9~28
Note: ①The ash content can be determined according to the coarseness of the material. The upper limit can be used for fine materials, and the lower limit can be used for coarse materials. ②The content of graded aggregate can be selected as the larger one. Article 3.1.3 The mix ratio of coal ash lime mixtures mixed with aggregates should meet the following conditions. The volume of compacted coal ash lime (soil) should be larger than the pores of the loose coarse aggregates added to ensure compaction. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Section 2 Optimum Moisture Content and Maximum Dry Bulk Density Article 3.2.1 The moisture content of coal ash lime mixtures should be close to the optimal compaction moisture content. The maximum dry bulk density and optimal moisture content can be determined by testing using a press or a standard compactor according to the test method attached to the appendix. The ranges listed in Table 3.2.1 can be used for reference.
Maximum dry bulk density, quantity
Optimum moisture content reference table
Cinder lime
Cinder lime soil
Cinder lime aggregate
Dry bulk density (g/cm3)
1.20~1.35
1.34~1.40
1.65~1.80
Optimum moisture content (%)
Article 3.2.2 The maximum dry bulk density of the slag lime mixture mixed with aggregate can be calculated according to the following formula
vo=(m+n+)℃+Ps*β
Where Vo is the slag lime type of the aggregate The maximum dry bulk density of the mixture (kg/m3);
--the pseudo specific gravity of the added aggregate (i.e. the dry bulk density of the whole coarse aggregate, So
kg/m3);
i.e. coal slag: lime: soil-
by weight ratio
dry bulk density (kg/m3);
's maximum
of coal slag lime soil--the percentage of the weight of aggregate, coal slag, lime, and soil in the total p, m, n, μ
dry weight (%);
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
β--reduction coefficient. Generally, it is taken as 0.9~0.98. Article 3.2.3 The moisture content of the mixture during construction can be slightly increased or decreased according to local experience and seasonal conditions. For the cinder-lime mixture mixed with coarse aggregate, the suitable water content (W.) during construction shall include the water content of the cinder-lime in the mixture at the optimum water content state and the water content of the coarse aggregate in the water holding state. The calculation formula is as follows: (However, if the water absorption of the coarse aggregate is very small, it can also be ignored). W, (%)
W, (%)
The suitable water content of the cinder-lime mixture when compacted when the coarse aggregate is added;
is the weight of the coarse aggregate and cinder-lime (soil) in percentage respectively;
W,——water holding capacity of coarse aggregate;
The optimum water content of cinder-lime (soil); G
——the total dry weight of the mixture.
Section 3 Compressive Strength
The strength requirements of Article 3.3.1
should be based on the principle of being suitable for the local traffic conditions and the strength requirements of the stratum. If there are no specific indicators for a region, the following regulations can be used as a reference: the compressive strength of the main road base should be greater than 20 kgf/cm; the compressive strength of the main road subbase or secondary road base should be greater than 15-20 kgf/cm, and the compressive strength of the secondary road subbase or general road base should be greater than 10-15 kgf/cm2 (all of the above are saturated strengths after 28 days of wet treatment).
The general strength range of the mixture is shown in Appendix 2. Engineering 6 Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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