This standard specifies the definition, index and calculation method, grade classification, grade naming and usage of chilling damage to rice and corn. This standard applies to the survey, statistics, early warning and evaluation of chilling damage to rice and corn in rice-producing areas across the country and corn-producing areas in Northeast China. QX/T 101-2009 Grades of chilling damage to rice and corn QX/T101-2009 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies the definition, index and calculation method, grade classification, grade naming and usage of chilling damage to rice and corn. This standard applies to the survey, statistics, early warning and evaluation of chilling damage to rice and corn in rice-producing areas across the country and corn-producing areas in Northeast China.
Chilling injury refers to an agricultural meteorological disaster in which one or more low-temperature weather processes occur during the growth period of crops, which adversely affects the growth and development of crops and the formation of yields, resulting in a reduction in yield or quality. At present, when conducting rice and corn chilling injury detection and assessment in various places, the disaster-causing factors selected, the calculation methods adopted, and the grade indicators determined vary greatly, making it impossible to make temporal and spatial comparisons, and it is not conducive to the formulation and implementation of national agricultural disaster prevention and reduction and agricultural structure adjustment countermeasures.
This standard is compiled to determine the disaster grade standard for rice and corn chilling injury, standardize the monitoring and assessment of rice and corn chilling injury, and provide a scientific basis for national agricultural disaster prevention and reduction, adjustment of agricultural layout and structure, etc.
Based on the latest research results, this standard selects factors such as temperature and its anomaly, daily minimum temperature and its duration, and constructs rice and corn chilling injury indicators. The delayed chilling injury of rice and corn in Northeast China is divided into two levels: general and severe, and the obstructive chilling injury of rice in the whole country is divided into three levels: mild, moderate and severe.

ICS07.060
Meteorological Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
QX/T101—2009
Grade of chilling damage for rice and maize
Grade of chilling damage for rice and maize2009-06-07 Issued
China Meteorological Administration
Implementation on 2009-11-01
Terms and Definitions
Grade of chilling damage for rice and maize
References
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QX/T101—2009
This standard was proposed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (SAC/TC345). This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (SAC/TC345). This standard was drafted by the China Meteorological Science Academy, with participation from the Jilin Provincial Meteorological Observatory. The main drafters of this standard are: Huo Zhiguo, Ma Shuqing, Bai Qinfeng, and He Nan. QX/T101—2009
QX/T101—2009
Chilling damage refers to an agricultural meteorological disaster in which one or more low-temperature weather processes occur during the growth period of crops, which adversely affects the growth and development of crops and the formation of yields, resulting in a reduction in yield or quality. At present, when monitoring and evaluating rice and corn chilling damage in various places, the selected disaster factors, the calculation methods used, and the determined grade indicators vary greatly, making it impossible to make temporal and spatial comparisons, and it is not conducive to the formulation and implementation of national agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation and agricultural structure adjustment countermeasures. The purpose of compiling this standard is to determine the disaster grade standards for water frost and corn chilling damage, standardize the monitoring and evaluation of water frost and corn chilling damage, and provide a scientific basis for national agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation, and adjustment of agricultural layout and structure. Based on the latest research results, this standard selects factors such as temperature and its anomaly, daily minimum temperature and its duration, etc., to construct rice and corn chilling damage indicators, divide delayed chilling damage of rice and corn in Northeast China into two levels: general and severe, and divide water frost barrier chilling damage in the whole country into three levels: mild, moderate and severe.
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1 Scope
Grade of chilling damage of rice and corn
QX/T101—2009
This standard specifies the definition, indicators and calculation methods, grade division, grade naming and usage methods of chilling damage of rice and corn. This standard is applicable to the survey, statistics, early warning and evaluation of chilling damage of rice and corn in rice producing areas across the country and corn producing areas in Northeast China. 2 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 2.1
Air temperatureWww.bzxZ.net
A physical quantity indicating the degree of coldness or heat of air.
Note: The temperature in this standard is expressed in degrees Celsius (℃), with one decimal place, and values ​​below 0℃ are negative. The temperature generally referred to by my country's meteorological stations is the air temperature measured by a thermometer or thermometer at a height of about 1.5m above the ground in the louvered box. It basically represents the local temperature. 2.2
Daily average temperaturemeandailytemperatureThe average value of the temperatures observed at regular intervals in a day, in ℃. Note: The daily average temperature generally referred to by meteorological stations is the average value of the four observed temperatures at 02:00, 08:00, 14:00, and 20:00 Beijing time. 2.3
Daily minimum temperatureminimumdailytemperatureThe lowest value of the temperature in a day, in ℃. Note: The daily minimum temperature generally referred to by meteorological stations is the lowest air temperature measured by the minimum temperature meter. 2.4
Monthly average temperaturemeanmonthlytemperatureThe average value of the daily average temperature in a month, in ℃. 2.5
Climatic normal
The average value of a meteorological element for 30 years or more. Note: This standard takes the average value of the last three consecutive decades as the climatic average according to the relevant provisions of WMO. For example: during the period from 2001 to 2010, the climatic average is the average value of 30 years from 1971 to 2000. 2.6
Deviation from average
The deviation between the value of a meteorological element and its average value. The deviation value can be positive or negative. A positive deviation indicates that it is higher than the average value, and a negative deviation indicates that it is lower than the average value.
Chilling damage
A low temperature weather process with a daily average temperature of 10℃ to 23℃ (sometimes lower than 10℃) during the growth and development of crops, which causes the growth period of crops to be delayed, or the physiological activities of their reproductive organs are blocked, resulting in a reduction in production. 2.8 Types of Chilling Damage Chilling damage can generally be divided into three types: a) Delayed chilling damage. In the early growth period of crops (generally before the booting stage), a long period of low temperature will weaken the photosynthesis of the plants, reduce the absorption of nutrients, affect the movement of photosynthetic products and mineral nutrients, significantly delay the growth period of crops, and prevent them from maturing normally, resulting in reduced yields. b) Obstructive chilling damage. In the reproductive growth period of crops (mainly the booting and heading and flowering stages), a short period of low temperature will damage the physiological functions of the plants, resulting in empty grains and reduced yields. c) Mixed chilling damage. In the early growth period of crops, low temperatures will delay heading and flowering, and heading and flowering will be damaged by low temperatures, resulting in sterility or partial sterility, delayed maturity, and serious yield reduction. 2.9
yield reduction rate
The negative value of the difference between the actual yield of rice and corn in a certain year and its trend yield as a percentage of the trend yield. 3
Grade of chilling damage to rice and corn
Both delayed and obstructive chilling damage to rice occur in my country, and delayed chilling damage to corn is the main cause. Delayed chilling damage to rice and corn mainly occurs in the Northeast, and rarely occurs in other regions. Obstructive chilling damage to rice occurs throughout the country. The deviation between the sum of the monthly average temperatures from May to September of the year and the multi-year average value of the same period is selected as the causative factor of delayed chilling damage to rice and corn. The daily average temperature, daily low temperature and its duration from May to October are selected as the causative factors of obstructive chilling damage; the grading index is determined based on the magnitude of the causative factor. The delayed cold damage of water frost and corn in Northeast China is divided into two levels: general and severe (see Table 1); the obstacle type cold damage of rice in the whole country is divided into mild, moderate and severe levels (see Table 2) Table 1 Index of delayed cold damage levels of corn and water frost in Northeast China Inflammatory crops The multi-year average value of the average temperature of each month from May to September (T, ℃) The sum of the average temperature of each month from May to September and the multi-year average value
Anomaly(AT,)
Development period
Booting period
Booting and flowering period of double-season late rice
Booting period
Heading and flowering period
T≤80
Disaster index
Inflammation level
≤105
Water barrier type chilling damage level index
Disaster factor
Continuous days of minimum temperature ≤15℃ on frost days Days of rice touching Number of days with minimum temperature ≤17℃ Number of days with frost average daily temperature ≤20℃ Number of days with frost average daily temperature ≤22℃ Number of days with daily average temperature ≤17℃
Number of days with daily average temperature ≤19℃
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Disaster level
General chilling damage
Severe chilling damage
General chilling damage
Severe chilling damage
Yield reduction rate
Reference Evaluation value (%)
Applicable area
Yangtze River Basin and its south
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Yangtze River Basin (excluding)
North of the Yangtze River
References
QX/T101-2009
Editorial Committee of Atmospheric Science Dictionary. Atmospheric Science Dictionary [M]. Beijing: Meteorological Press, 1994. 271-272381. Edited by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Chinese Agricultural Meteorology [M]. Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1999. 318-336. Ma Shuqing, Xi Zhuxiang, Wang Qi. Study on risk assessment of low temperature damage to corn in Northeast China[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2003, 12(3): 137-141.
Huo Zhiguo, Li Shikui, Wang Suyan, et al. Study on risk assessment technology and application of major agricultural meteorological disasters[J. Journal of Natural Resources, 2003, 18(6):692-703
People's Republic of China
Meteorological Industry Standard
Water, corn chilling injury grade
QX/T101—2009
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