This standard specifies the method for determining the pull-out force of a single steel wire from vulcanized rubber. This standard is applicable to rubber products and steel wire tires reinforced with a single steel wire, and also to single steel wires plated with brass, bronze or zinc. GB/T 3513-2001 Determination of the adhesion between vulcanized rubber and a single steel wire - Pull-out method GB/T3513-2001 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

GB/T 3513—2001
This standard is equivalent to the American Society for Testing and Materials standard ASTMD1871--1998 "Standard Test Method for Adhesion Between Single Steel Wire and Rubber" Method 1-Rubber Block Step, and revised GB/T3513-1983 (1989) "Standard Extraction Method for Adhesion Strength Between Rubber and Single Steel Wire".
Compared with ASTMD1871-1998, this standard only adopts the extraction method of Method 1; it does not adopt the specific content of the precision section in ASTM, and the other technical contents are basically the same. Compared with GB/T3513-1983 (1989), this standard has modified the speed content of the tensile machine, stipulated the environmental adjustment conditions, and added the precision section.
Appendix A of this standard is a prompt appendix.
This standard replaces GB/T3513-1983 (1989) from the date of implementation. This standard was proposed by the State Administration of Petroleum and Chemical Industry. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the General Physical Test Method Sub-Technical Committee of the National Rubber Standardization Committee. The responsible drafting units of this standard are: Shanghai Tire and Rubber (Group) Co., Ltd. Greater China Rubber Factory, China Rubber Group Beijing Rubber Research and Design Institute.
The main drafters of this standard are: Zhang Jinglei, Ji Bo, Zhang Juxiu, Shen Hui. This standard was first issued in 1983 and first confirmed in 1989. 192
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Determination of adhesion to single wire of vulcanized rubber-Pull out test
GB/T3513—2001
Rubber, vulcanized-Determination of adhesion to single wire replaces GB/T3513-1983 (1989)
-Pull out test
Notice: Personnel using this standard should be familiar with regular laboratory operating procedures. This standard does not intend to cover all safety issues that may arise from the use of this standard. It is the user's responsibility to establish appropriate safety and health systems and ensure compliance with national regulations. 1 Scope
This standard specifies the method for determining the extraction force of a single steel wire from vulcanized rubber. This standard applies to rubber products and steel wire tire beads reinforced with a single steel wire, and also to single steel wires plated with brass, bronze or zinc. 2 Cited standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. At the time of publication of this standard, the versions shown are valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T2941—1991 Standard temperature, humidity and time for environmental conditioning and testing of rubber specimens (egvISO471:1983) GB/T6038—1993 Rubber testing - Equipment and operating procedures for batching, mixing and vulcanization of rubber compounds (negISO/DIS2393:1989) GB/T14838—1993 Determination of standard precision of test methods for rubber and rubber products (neqISO/TR9272:1986) GB/T15340—1994 Sampling and preparation methods for natural and synthetic raw rubber (idtISO1795:1992) 3 Principle
The steel wire is embedded in a rubber block according to the specified size and vulcanized. Then the force required to pull each steel wire out of the rubber block along the axial direction of the steel wire is measured in a tensile machine.
4 Instruments and Materials
4.1 Mould
As shown in Figure 1, the thickness of the middle mould is 12.5mm, the length is 200mm, and the width is 50mm. 15 oblique grooves are opened along the length direction of the mould cavity and along the width direction. Each oblique groove is 12.5mm apart and the depth is half of the thickness. Together with the upper and lower metal templates, they form the mould. Approved by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China on 2001-08-28 and implemented on 2002-05-01
Material: steel,
2 Round all sharp corners￥
3 Tolerance: All dimensions ±0.2, angle ±
GB/T3513—2001
15 grooves × 12. 5
Rhyme AAwww.bzxz.net
Upper template
Lower template
1. Unless otherwise specified
Figure 1 Mold
4.2 Tensile machine (constant speed tensile type)
When using a mechanical tensile machine, the required load is 15%~85% of its full load, and the clamp movement speed is 50mm/min±5mm/min; or with the agreement of both parties to the contract, a movement speed of 150mm/min±15mm/min can be used, but the machine speed is different and the test results obtained are not comparable.
4.3 Clamp for holding rubber block
GB/T 3513--2001
As shown in Figure 2, it is a special clamp made for rubber specimens. The clamp for holding the steel wire should have sufficient force and be able to make the specimen perpendicular to the axis of the clamp to prevent the specimen from slipping in the clamp and prevent the steel wire from breaking prematurely. When the center control line of the groove in Figure
1 Material, steel
2 Round all sharp corners;
3 Tolerance: all dimensions ± 0.2, angle ± 4.4 Vulcanizer
°Unless otherwise specified
Figure 2 Clamp for holding rubber block
The force applied to the mold should be not less than 3.5MPa. The upper and lower templates should be heated by electricity or steam. The templates should be of sufficient size to ensure that the rubber specimen can be vulcanized at the set temperature. The technical parameters of the vulcanizer should comply with the provisions of the relevant standards. 4.5 Solvent
In this test method, the surfaces of rubber and steel wire should be kept clean so as not to affect the bonding performance between them. Solvents are allowed to be used with the consent of both parties to the contract.
The suitable solvent is unleaded gasoline with a distillation range of 40℃～141℃, and the maximum recovery rate is 97%. 4.6 Rubber compound
Natural and synthetic raw rubber shall be sampled and prepared in accordance with GB/T15340. The compounded rubber shall be batched and vulcanized in accordance with GB/T6038. The interval between vulcanization and sample testing shall be at least 16 hours, and the longest shall not exceed 28 days. Since the bonding strength is affected by the aging and storage conditions of the unvulcanized rubber, the storage conditions and storage period shall be stated. The rubber is preformed into a sheet with a thickness of 7 mm and placed on a dry plastic plate. The rubber block compound shall be conditioned at standard temperature for at least 30 minutes in accordance with the provisions of GB/T2941. 5 Test steps
5.1 Preparation of steel wire specimens
Cut the steel wire into 250mm to 300mm long and place it on a clean cloth or paper. In any case, the steel wire buried in the rubber specimen can only touch the two ends. If the surface of the steel wire needs to be cleaned, gently wipe the steel wire with a soft cloth soaked in solvent. 5.2 Rubber specimen preparation
Cut two rubber strips 200 mm long and 50 mm wide from a rubber sheet about 7 mm thick, lay them flat and wipe the surface with a cloth or brush soaked in solvent, then let the rubber dry for 10 min to 20 min before vulcanization. If mixing is done before sample preparation, it is not necessary to scrub the rubber surface.
The rubber block used is 12.5 mm thick and the steel wire is embedded for 50 mm. If necessary, a pad can be used to shorten the embedding length. 5.3 Sample preparation and vulcanization
GB/T3513--2001
Preheat the mold, including the upper and lower mold plates, at the temperature specified for the vulcanization of the rubber. 5.3.1 Take out the mold from the flat vulcanizer and remove the upper mold plate. 5.3.2 With the clean side of the rubber facing up, use an iron or wooden wedge to press the lower layer of rubber into the mold. 5.3.3 Insert the steel wires into the bevel grooves one by one and mark them. One end of the steel wire is exposed 25mm, and the other end is exposed about 150mm. The 50mm steel wire in contact with the rubber should not touch the fingers. 5.3.4 Put the upper rubber into the mold, with the clean side facing down, and use an iron wedge or a wedge to press the rubber. 5.3.5 Close the upper mold and put the mold into the vulcanizer. The pressure applied is not less than 3.5MPa. Vulcanize the sample at the specified temperature, pressure and time.
5.3.6 The whole process of putting the mold into the prepared sample after preheating and then into the vulcanizer should not exceed 3min. 5.3.7 Vulcanization: Take the mold out of the vulcanizer and demould the sample. Place the sample at room temperature of 23℃±2℃ for not less than 16h, and cut off the part of the steel wire that is exposed 25mm from the edge of the rubber. The technical requirements of the vulcanization procedure should comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T6038. 5.4 Test Procedure
Extend the first wire to 12.After the center hole of 5mm is made, the sample is then placed on the clamp of the rubber block of the testing machine. In order to easily load the steel wire into the center clamp, the process described above can also be reversed. Make sure that the load device is reset to zero before stretching, then clamp the first steel wire to the clamp of the steel wire and start the testing machine. When the steel wire is completely pulled out, turn off the machine, align the next steel wire with the center, clamp the steel wire, start the testing machine, pull out the steel wire, and repeat the above process until all 15 steel wires are pulled out. 6. Representation of test results
6.1 Record the adhesion between a single steel wire and rubber in Newtons. 6.2 Calculate the arithmetic mean, accurate to the integer, but the value when the steel wires at both ends are pulled out cannot be counted. If the steel wire breaks before being pulled out during the test, the result of pulling out the steel wire is invalid. Calculate the standard deviation and coefficient of variation of a batch of samples if necessary. 7 Precision and Bias Gate
The precision calculation for repeatability and reproducibility shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T14838. This standard describes the concept and terminology of precision. Appendix A (Indicative Appendix) provides application guidelines for repeatability and reproducibility. 8 Test Report
The test report shall include the following contents:
a) The name and code of this standard adopted;
b) The name, batch number, specification, quantity and origin of the steel wire;
c) A detailed description of the rubber compound and the vulcanization time and temperature;
d) The test temperature;
e) The type and tensile speed of the testing machine used;
f) Differences from this method, including the use of a die not larger than 50mm;
g) The test results of all individual specimens and their average values;
h) The test date;
i) The tester.
Instructions for adoption:
1JASTM D1871-1998 This section contains the contents of precision and bias, which are deleted in this standard. 196
GB/T 3513—2001
Appendix A
(Indicative Appendix)
Guide to the Use of Precision Results
A1 The general procedure for using precision results is as follows, using the symbol 1X, -X, | to represent the positive difference between any two measured values. A2 Look up the corresponding precision table (regardless of the test parameter under consideration), and then draw a horizontal line between the average value of the measured parameter and the average value of the test data under investigation. This line will give the corresponding r, r), R or (R) used in the judgment process. A3 The following general repeatability statements and the corresponding r and (r) values ​​can be used to judge precision. A3.1 Absolute difference: Under the normal operation of the test procedure, the difference between the average values ​​of two tests obtained using samples of the same material as the label shall not exceed the tabulated repeatability r more than once in every 20 times. A3.2 Percent difference between the mean values ​​of two tests: The percentage difference between two test values ​​obtained on samples of the same labeled material under normal and correct test procedures is [1X - X21/(X, + X)/2] × 100, which shall not exceed the tabulated repeatability (r) more than once in an average of 20 times.
A4 The following general reproducibility statements and the corresponding R and (R) values ​​may be used to determine precision. A4.1 Absolute difference: The absolute difference between the mean values ​​of two independently measured tests obtained on samples of the same labeled material in two laboratories using normal and correct test procedures is [1X, - X21/(X, + X)/2] × 100, which shall not exceed the tabulated reproducibility (R) more than once in an average of 20 times. A4.2 Percent difference between the mean values ​​of two tests: The percentage difference between the mean values ​​of two independently measured tests obtained on samples of the same labeled material under normal and correct test procedures in two laboratories is [1X, - X21/(X, + X)/2] × 100, which shall not exceed the tabulated reproducibility (R) more than once in an average of 20 times.
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