GB 17691-1999 Exhaust pollutant limits and test methods for compression ignition engines and vehicles equipped with compression ignition engines
Some standard content:
GB17691—1999
This standard is formulated to implement the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China and the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, control the emission of automobile pollutants, and improve the quality of ambient air. This standard is equivalent to the full technical content of the ECER49/02 Regulation "Uniform Provisions for the Certification of Compression Ignition Engines and Vehicles Equipped with Compression Ignition Engines with Respect to Engine Pollutant Emissions" of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) which came into effect on December 13, 1992. Appendix A, Appendix B and Appendix C of this standard are all appendices to the standard. Appendix D is a prompt appendix. This standard was proposed by the State Machinery Industry Bureau. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Automobile Standardization Technical Committee. The main drafting units of this standard are: China Heavy Duty Truck Group Corporation Technology Development Center, China Automotive Technology Research Center. The main drafters of this standard are: Wang Yong, Xu Bamin, Liu Wei, Qiao Zhaojun, You Linhua, Lu Haocheng, Yang Jiping. This standard is interpreted by the State Machinery Industry Bureau. 368
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from compression ignition (CI ) engines and vehicles equipped with CI engines GB 17691—1999
This standard specifies the emission limits and test methods for gaseous and particulate pollutants in the exhaust of compression ignition (CI ) engines and vehicles equipped with CI engines.
This standard applies to compression ignition engines for Mz, M3, Ni, N2 and N: class motor vehicles with a design speed greater than 25 km/h and M, class motor vehicles with a total mass greater than 3500 kg.
This standard does not apply to N., N2 and M2 class vehicles with compression ignition engines that have been approved and certified in accordance with GB14761. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T15089-1994 Motor vehicle classification
GB/T17692-1999 Net power test method for automobile engine GB14761--1999 Limits and test methods for automobile emission pollutants 3 Definitions and abbreviations
This standard uses the following definitions and abbreviations.
3.1 Vehicle certification
Certification of a vehicle model for the emission levels of gaseous and particulate pollutants from the engine. 3.2 Engine certification
Certification of an engine type for the emission levels of gaseous and particulate pollutants. 3.3 Compression ignition engine
Engine that works on the principle of compression ignition (such as diesel engine). 3.4 Engine type
Engine of the same type with no difference in the main aspects of engine characteristics specified in Appendix A. 3.5 Vehicle type
Vehicle of the same type with no difference in the main aspects of engine and vehicle characteristics specified in Appendix A. 3.6 Gaseous pollutants
1) In accordance with GB/T15089.
Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on March 10, 1999 and implemented on January 1, 2000
GB 176911999
Carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons (assuming a carbon-hydrogen ratio of 1:1.85) and nitrogen oxides (expressed as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) equivalent). 3.7 Particulate pollutants
All substances collected on the specified filter medium when the engine exhaust is diluted with purified air and its temperature does not exceed 325K (52C).
3.8 Net power
The power measured at the end of the engine crankshaft or its equivalent on the test bench according to the power measurement method specified in GB/T17692.
3.9 Rated speed
The maximum speed allowed by the governor at full load as specified in the manufacturer's operating instructions. 3.10 Load percentage
The percentage of the maximum torque that can be obtained at a certain engine speed. 3.11 Maximum torque speed
The speed at which the engine produces maximum torque as specified by the manufacturer. 3.12 Intermediate speed
If the maximum torque speed is between 60% and 75% of the rated speed, it refers to the maximum torque speed; otherwise, it refers to 60% of the rated speed. 3.13 Abbreviations and units
All volumes and volume flows must be calculated at 273K (0C) and 101.3kPa. P
CO.HC.NOx,PT
g/(kW·h)
g/(kW·h)
g/(kW·h)
g/(kw·h)
g/(kw·h)
1）ppm(10-\) is the volume ratio (V/V), the same below. 370
Measured net power;
Carbon monoxide emissions;
Hydrocarbon emissions;
Nitrogen oxide emissions;
Particulate matter emissions;
Weighted average of various emissions;
Concentration (volume parts per million);
Pollutant mass flow rate;
Weighting coefficient;
Effective weighting coefficient;
Exhaust mass flow rate (wet basis);
Exhaust volume flow rate (dry basis);
Exhaust volume flow rate (wet basis);
Intake mass flow rate;|| tt||Intake air volume flow rate (wet basis);
Fuel mass flow rate;
Dilution air mass flow rate;
Dilution air volume flow rate (wet basis);
The mass of the sample gas flowing through the particle sampling filter paper; The volume of the sample gas flowing through the particle sampling filter paper (wet basis); Equivalent dilution mass flow rate;
Equivalent dilution volume flow rate (wet basis);
Subscript indicating a certain operating condition;
Particulate sampling mass;
Dilution exhaust gas mass flow rate;
4 Test classification and test methods
4.1 Test classification
GB 17691--1999
Volume flow rate of diluted exhaust gas (wet basis);
Dilution ratio;
Ratio of the cross-sectional area of the sampling probe to that of the exhaust pipe; Cross-sectional area of the isokinetic sampling probe; Cross-sectional area of the exhaust pipe;
Heated flame ionization detector;
Non-spectral ultraviolet harmonic absorption analyzer; Non-spectral infrared analyzer;
Chemiluminescence analyzer;
Heated chemiluminescence analyzer;
Dynamometer setting indicated in B4.2.4; Minimum net engine power indicated in row (e) of the table in A7.2; Load percentage indicated in B4.1;
The maximum power permitted to be absorbed by the accessories driven by the engine as specified in A5, less the sum of the powers absorbed by the accessories driven by the engine during the test as specified in A6.2.2.
The test is divided into type certification test and production consistency check test. 4.1.1 Type certification test
The manufacturer shall submit an engine that meets the characteristics of the "engine type" described in Appendix A for the test specified in 4.2. 4.1.2 Production--Consistency Check Test
Any engine that has passed the type certification test of this standard and is produced in batches shall be randomly selected for the test specified in 4.2. The test engine shall be run-in or partially run-in in accordance with the manufacturer's technical specifications. 4.2 Test methods
The test methods shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Appendix B. Annex BD describes the recommended gaseous and particulate pollutant analysis systems and the recommended particulate sampling systems. Other systems and analyzers may also be used if they can produce equivalent results. For a single laboratory, equivalence is defined as the test results falling within ±5% of the test results of a reference system described here. For particulate emissions, only full-flow dilution systems are recognized as reference systems. If a new system is introduced into this standard, its equivalence must be determined based on the repeatability and reproducibility calculations of inter-laboratory tests as described in ISO5725. 5
Emission limits for gaseous and particulate pollutants
The emission limits for gaseous and particulate pollutants are shown in Tables 1 and 2 respectively. Table 1
Type certification test emission limits
Carbon monoxide mass
Implementation stage
Implementation date
1) Refers to engine power
Hydrocarbon mass
g/(kw·h)
Nitrogen oxide mass
g/(kw·h)
Particulate mass (PT)
g/(kW·h)
≤85kw1>
>85kwl
Implementation stage
Implementation date
1) Refers to engine power
5.2 Type certification test
GB17691—1999
Table 2 Emission limits for production consistency inspection test Mass of carbon monoxide
g/(kw·h)
Mass of hydrocarbons
g/(kw·h)
Mass of nitrogen oxides,
g/(kw·h)
Mass of particulate matter (PT)
g/(kw·h)
85kwl)
>85kwn)
The masses of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and particulates measured in one test of the engine do not exceed the values specified in Table 1, which is qualified.
5.3 Production consistency inspection test
5.3.1 If the mass of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and particulates measured by the test on an engine selected from the batch of products does not exceed the values specified in Table 2, the production of the batch of products is considered qualified. 5.3.2 If an engine selected from the batch of products cannot meet the requirements of the values specified in Table 2, the manufacturer may require that several engines be selected from the batch of products for measurement. The manufacturer shall determine the number of sample engines n (including the original sample engine). Except for the original sample engine, the remaining engines shall be subjected to the test specified in 4.2. Then, the arithmetic mean () is calculated based on the emissions of each pollutant measured on the n sample engines. If the following conditions are met, the production of the batch of products is considered qualified, otherwise it is unqualified:
+ks≤1
Where ·L-
is the limit value of each pollutant specified in Table 2: - Statistical factor determined according to n, its value is listed in Table 3. Table 3 Statistical factor
If n≥20, then k
5.3.3 If the sampled engine does not meet the requirements of 5.3.1, or does not pass the test specified in 5.3.2, the conclusion of the type certification test conducted on the engine model in accordance with this standard shall be revoked. 6 Additional requirements for vehicles equipped with compression ignition engines 6.1 The installation of the engine on the vehicle shall comply with the following characteristics of the relevant type-certified engine: 6.1.1 The intake resistance shall not exceed the value specified in Appendix A for the engine that has passed the type certification test. 6.1.2 Exhaust back pressure shall not exceed the value specified in Appendix A for engines that have passed the type certification test. 6.1.3 The maximum power absorbed by the accessories driven by the engine shall not exceed the maximum power allowed to be absorbed by the engines that have passed the type certification test specified in Appendix A.
武中，.” Any single test result of any ·” unit out of 372
A1 Engine Overview
A1.1 Manufacturer
A1.2 Manufacturer's Engine Model
GB 176911999
Appendix A
(Standard Appendix)
Main features of the engine and data related to the testA1.3 Cycle: Four-stroke/Two-stroke\
A1.4 Cylinder bore:
Stroke:
Number of cylinders and arrangement:
Engine displacement:wwW.bzxz.Net
Rated speed:
A1.9 Maximum torque speed
A1.10 Volume compression ratio 2
Combustion system Description:
Combustion chamber and piston top diagram
Minimum cross-sectional area of intake and exhaust passages:
A1.14 Cooling system
A1.14.1 Liquid cooling
A1.14.1.1 Properties of coolant:
A1.14.1.2 Circulating pump: yes/no)
Characteristics or brand and model (if applicable):
Transmission ratio (if applicable):
A1.14.2 Air cooling
Blower: yes/no!
Characteristics or brand and model (if applicable):
Gear ratio (if applicable):
A1.15Manufacturer's allowable temperature
Liquid cooling: Maximum outlet temperature:
Air cooling: Reference point:
, Maximum reference point temperature:
Maximum intake air temperature at the outlet of the intercooler (if applicable): K
Maximum exhaust temperature in the exhaust pipe near the exhaust manifold outlet flange: Fuel temperature: Minimum:
A1. 15. 5
Lubricating oil temperature: Minimum:
Supercharger: With/Without》
A1.16.1 Brand:
Model:
A1. 16. 2
K, Maximum:
K, Maximum:
A1.16.3 System description (e.g. maximum boost pressure, wastegate valve, if applicable): 1) Delete those that are not applicable.
2) Indicate tolerance.
A1.16.4 Intercooler: Yes/No
GB 17691—1999
A1.17 Intake system: Maximum allowable intake resistance at rated engine speed and 100% load: A1.18 Exhaust system: Maximum allowable exhaust back pressure at rated engine speed and 100% load: A2
Additional purification device (if any, and not included in other items) description and (or) schematic diagram:
A3. Fuel supply
A3.1 Fuel pump
Pressure":
A3.2 Injection system
A3.2 .1 Fuel injection pump
A3.2.1.1 Brand:
A3.2.1.2 Model:
kPa or characteristic curve 2)
A3.2.1.3 At full load fuel supply position, pump speed is: cycle 2; or characteristic curve 1)2) When
r/min, fuel supply:
Description of the test method used: on the engine/on the fuel pump test bench!) A3.2.1.4 Injection advance
A3.2.1.4.1 Injection advance curve 2: ||tt ||A3.2.1.4.2 Injection timing 2:
A3.2.2 High pressure oil pipe
A3.2.2.1 Pipe length:
A3.2.2.2 Inner diameter
A3.2.3 Injector
A3.2.3.1 Brand:
A3.2.3.2 Model:
A3.2.3.3 Opening pressure:
A3.2.4 Speed governor
A3.2.4.1 Brand:
A3.2.4.2 Model:
kPa or characteristic curve 1)2
A3.2.4.3 Speed at full load fuel reduction point 2: A3.2.4.4 Maximum no-load speed 2)
A3.2.4.5 Rapid speed 2
A3.3 Cold start device
A3.3.1 Brand:
A3.3.2 Model:
A3.3.3 Description:
Valve timing
Maximum valve lift and opening and closing angles relative to the upper and lower dead centers or equivalent data A4.2
Benchmark and (or) adjustment range 1)
1) Strike out those that are not applicable.
2) Indicate tolerance.
am3/per stroke or
A5Accessories driven by the engine
GB 17691—1999
According to the operating conditions specified in GB/T17692 on engine power measurement, at the rated speed and intermediate speed of the engine, the maximum power allowed to be absorbed by the accessories driven by the engine proposed by the manufacturer is: At intermediate speed:
A6 Additional instructions for test conditions
A6.1 Lubricating oil used:
A6.1.1 Brand:
A6.1.2 Brand:
kW, at rated speed:
(If the lubricating oil is mixed with the fuel, indicate the percentage of lubricating oil in the mixed oil)A6.2 Accessories driven by the engine (if installed)A6.2.1 List Give and explain the details:
Power absorbed at specified engine speed (as specified by the manufacturer) (Table A1) Table A1
Dynamometer setting value (Table A2)
Load percentage
A7 Engine performance
Engine speed
Rapid speed:
r/min, intermediate speed:
Power absorbed at different engine speeds, kW Intermediate speed
Rated speed
Dynamometer setting value at different engine speeds, kW Intermediate speed
r/min, rated speed:
Rated speed
Engine power1 (Table A3）
Measured maximum power, kw(a)
GB17691—1999
Engine power at different speeds, kw
Intermediate speeds
According to A6.2, the sum of the powers absorbed by the accessories driven by the engine, kW(b) Gross engine power, kW(c)
According to A5, the maximum power allowed to be absorbed, kW(d) Minimum net engine power, kw(e)
Note: c=a+b, and ec—d
Appendix AA
Characteristics of vehicle components related to the engine (for vehicle type certification with respect to its engine)Vehicle profile
AA 1.1Brand:
Type:
Manufacturer name and address:
AA1.4Engine model:
AA2Intake system resistance at rated engine speed and 100% load:AA3
Exhaust system back pressure at rated engine speed and 100% load2)Rated speed
According to the operating conditions specified in GB/T17692 for engine power measurement, the power absorbed by the accessories driven by the AA4
engine at rated engine speed and intermediate speed (Table AA1): Table AA1
1) Measured in accordance with the provisions of GB/T17692. 2) Should be within the limits specified in A1.17 and A1.18. 376
Power absorbed at different engine speeds, kwIntermediate speed
Rated speed
B1 Foreword
GB 17691—1999
Appendix B
(Appendix to the standard)
Test procedure
B1.1 This appendix describes the method for determining the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from the engine under test. B1.2 During the test, the engine is mounted on the test bench and connected to the dynamometer. B2 Engine test conditions
B2.1 The absolute temperature (T, expressed in Kelvin) and dry air pressure (Ps, expressed in kPa) of the air at the engine inlet should be measured, and the parameter F should be determined in accordance with the following provisions.
Naturally aspirated and supercharged engines: B2.2
Turbocharged engines (with or without intake air cooling): B2.3
The test is considered valid when the parameters meet the following conditions: T0
【298
0.96≤F≤1.06
The fuel specified in Appendix C should be used as the test oil for type certification and production consistency inspection. Test cycle
Use the dynamometer to control the test engine and run the 13 operating cycles specified in Table B1: Table B1
Condition number
B4.2 Test operation
Engine speed
Intermediate speed
Intermediate speed
Intermediate speed
Intermediate speed
Rated speed
Rated speed
Rated speed
Rated speed
Load percentage
At least 2 hours before the test, each piece of filter paper used to measure particulate pollutant emissions shall be placed in a closed but not sealed petridish and placed in a weighing room for stabilization. After stabilization, weigh the tare weight of each piece of filter paper and record it. Then place the filter paper in a petri dish and keep it in the weighing room or store it in a sealed filter paper holder until it is needed for the test. If the filter paper is not used within 1 hour after being taken out of the weighing room, it must be reweighed before use. In each operating condition of the test cycle, the specified speed must be controlled within ±50r/min, and the specified torque must be controlled within ±2% of the maximum torque at the test speed. The fuel temperature at the inlet of the injection pump must be 306~316K (33~43C). The governor and fuel system must be adjusted according to the manufacturer's instructions. The test steps are as follows: B4.2.1 Install the measuring instruments and sampling probes as required. When the full-flow dilution system is used to dilute the exhaust, connect the exhaust tail pipe to the system and readjust the intake resistance and exhaust back pressure accordingly. The total flow must be adjusted at the maximum heat flow condition determined by the exhaust flow and (or) exhaust temperature to keep the diluted exhaust temperature immediately before the particle filter paper no higher than 325K (52°C). B4.2.2 Start the cooling system and the full-flow dilution system or the split-flow dilution system respectively. B4.2.3 Start the engine and heat it up until all temperatures and pressures reach equilibrium. B4.2.4 The full-load torque curve must be determined by test in order to calculate the torque value for the specified test condition. The maximum power allowed to be absorbed by the engine-driven accessories proposed by the manufacturer and applicable to this model should be considered. Calculate the dynamometer setting value at each engine speed and load using the following formula:
s= Pana × + Pa
Where: s---dynamometer setting value;
Pmin---the minimum net power of the engine shown in row (e) of the table in A7.2; I---the load percentage shown in B4.1;
Paux---the maximum power allowed to be absorbed by the accessories driven by the engine, minus the sum of the power absorbed by the accessories actually driven by the engine. That is, (d) to (b) in A7. 2.
B4.2.5 Adjust the zero point and span point of the emission analyzer. Start the particulate sampling system. When using a split dilution system, the dilution ratio must be adjusted under the maximum heat flow condition determined by the exhaust flow and (or) exhaust temperature to keep the diluted exhaust temperature immediately before the particulate filter paper no higher than 325K (52℃).
If applicable, the range of exhaust flow rate and pressure fluctuations should be checked and adjusted in accordance with the requirements of Appendix BD. B4.2.6 Run the test procedure (see B4.1). The engine is operated for 6 minutes at each operating condition, and the operating condition conversion of engine speed and load is completed within the first minute. The response of the analyzer is recorded throughout the 6 minutes, and the exhaust gas must flow through the analyzer for at least the last 3 minutes. For particulate sampling, a pair of filter papers (primary filter paper and secondary filter paper, see Appendix BD) is used throughout the test process. For split-flow dilution systems, the product of the dilution ratio and the exhaust flow rate for each operating condition must be within ± 7% of the average value of all operating conditions. For full-flow dilution systems, the total mass flow rate must be within ± 7% of the average value of all operating conditions. For each operating condition, the sample mass (MsAM) passing through the particulate filter paper must be adjusted based on the total modal weighting factor and the exhaust or fuel mass flow rate (see Appendix BD). The sampling time is at least 20 seconds. Sampling must be performed as late as possible in each operating condition. In the last 5 minutes of each operating condition, record the engine speed, load, intake temperature and exhaust flow. During the particle sampling time, the speed and load should meet the requirements. In any case, they must meet the requirements in the last minute of each operating condition.
B4.2.7 Other data required for calculation should also be read and recorded (see B5). B4.2.8 The zero point and span point setting values of the emission analyzer should be checked and reset as required. At least after the test, check and reset. If the adjustments required after the test do not exceed BA2.3.2, the test is considered valid.
B5 Data calculation
B5.1 At the end of the test, record the total sample mass (MsAM) that has passed through the filter paper. Return the filter paper to the weighing chamber for conditioning for at least 2 hours, but not more than 36 hours, then weigh it and record the total weight of the filter paper. The particle mass (P) is equal to the sum of the particle mass collected on the primary filter paper and the secondary filter paper.
B5.2 To calculate the readings of gaseous emissions recorded on the recording paper, the last 60 seconds of each operating condition must be found and the average readings of HC, CO and NOx during this period must be determined. The concentrations of HC, CO and NOx for each operating condition are determined by the average readings recorded on the recording paper and the corresponding calibration data. Of course, different recording methods can also be used if it can be guaranteed that equivalent data can be collected. Annex BA
Measurement and sampling methods
BA1 Introduction
The pollutants in the engine exhaust include hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particulates. The emissions of the above pollutants are continuously detected in the specified test cycle. The test cycle consists of several speed and power conditions covering the typical operating range of the diesel engine. In each condition, the concentration of each gaseous pollutant, the exhaust flow rate and the output power are measured, and the measured values are weighted. For particulates, the samples taken during the entire test cycle are collected on a pair of filter papers. All values are used to calculate the number of grams of each pollutant emitted per dry watt-hour according to the method described in Annex BC. BA2 Equipment
BA2.1 Dynamometer and engine equipment
The following equipment should be used for engine emission tests on a dynamometer: BA2.1.1 Engine dynamometer: It should have suitable performance to complete the test cycle described in B4. BA2.1.2 Instruments for measuring the following parameters: speed, torque, fuel consumption, air consumption, coolant and lubricating oil temperature, exhaust pressure, intake resistance, exhaust temperature, intake temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity and fuel temperature. The accuracy of these instruments must meet the requirements of the power measurement method specified in GB/T17692; the accuracy of other instruments must meet the following requirements: BA2.1.2.1 Temperature
The temperature measurement accuracy should be ±1.5K (1.5℃). BA2.1.2.2 Absolute humidity
The measurement accuracy of absolute humidity (H) should reach ±5%. BA2.1.3 Engine cooling system: It should have sufficient cooling capacity to keep the engine's operating temperature normal during the specified test period.
BA2.1.4 Non-insulated, uncooled exhaust system: It should extend at least 0.5m behind the original exhaust sampling probe installation position; at maximum rated power, its exhaust back pressure should be within ±650Pa of the upper limit value specified in the instruction manual provided by the engine manufacturer for vehicle use.
BA2.1.5 Engine intake system: Under the condition of maximum engine intake flow, its intake resistance should be within ±300Pa of the upper limit value of the air filter resistance used for the test engine specified by the engine manufacturer. BA2.2 Exhaust flow
To calculate emissions, the exhaust flow (BC1.1.1) must be known. The exhaust flow can be determined by any of the following methods: (a) Directly measure the exhaust flow using a nozzle flowmeter or equivalent measuring device. (b) Measure the intake air flow and fuel flow with appropriate measuring devices and calculate the exhaust gas flow using the following formula: or
GExH GAIR + GFUEL
V'ExH—V\AIRO.75GFUEL (dry exhaust volume) V\ExH=V\AIR+O.77GFUEL (wet exhaust volume) The accuracy of measuring the exhaust gas flow should be within ±2.5%. The concentration of CO should be measured in the dry exhaust. The CO emissions should be calculated based on the dry exhaust volume (V'ExH). If the exhaust mass flow (GExH) is used in the calculation, the concentrations of CO and NOx should be converted to wet exhaust concentrations. Depending on the measurement method used, the calculation of HC emissions will use GexH and V\ExH. 379
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