This standard specifies the protection principles and measures for X-ray examinations of women of childbearing age and pregnant women. This standard applies to all practical activities of X-ray examinations of women of childbearing age and pregnant women. GB 16349-1996 Standard for Radiation Health Protection of X-ray Examinations of Women of Childbearing Age and Pregnant Women GB16349-1996 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

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Radiological health protection standardsfor X-ray examinations of child-bearingage women and pregnant women1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the protection principles and measures for X-ray examinations of child-bearing age women and pregnant women. This standard applies to all practical activities of X-ray examinations of child-bearing age women and pregnant women. 2 Referenced standards
GB4792 Basic standard for radiological health protection
GB8279 Standard for medical diagnostic X-ray health protection3 Terminology
GB16349-1996
Women of childbearing age: refers to women who are physiologically at the age of childbearing, and their age range is 15 to 49 years old. 4 General principles
4.1 In order to protect the health and safety of women of childbearing age, pregnant women and their offspring, the radiation dose of the examinee must be reduced to a reasonable minimum level to avoid unnecessary exposure.
4.2 Strictly limit X-ray screening of women of childbearing age, such as X-ray ring fluoroscopy and mammography, to reduce collective exposure dose. Strictly control abdominal X-ray examination of pregnant women to reduce the exposure hazards of embryos and fetuses. 4.3 Extensive publicity and education must be carried out for clinical physicians, radiology staff and family planning ring fluoroscopy personnel to make them fully aware of the necessity of implementing this standard. The implementation of this standard shall be supervised by the local radiation health protection departments. 5 Principles to be followed by clinical physicians and relevant personnel 5.1 Clinical physicians must give priority to the use of non-X-ray examination methods for women of childbearing age and pregnant women who come to see a doctor. X-ray examination can only be applied when it is truly believed that X-ray examination is an appropriate examination method based on clinical indications, and X-ray photography should be used instead of X-ray fluoroscopy as much as possible. 5.2 When performing X-ray examination of the abdomen or pelvis of women of childbearing age who have childbearing plans, they should first ask whether they are pregnant and understand their menstrual status. The examination should be strictly limited to ten days after the onset of menstruation. Women who have expired their menstruation should be treated as pregnant women unless there is evidence that they are not pregnant.
5.3 In the early stages of pregnancy, especially between 8 and 15 weeks of pregnancy, abdominal X-ray examinations, especially of the pelvic area, should not be performed unless it is urgent. In principle, X-ray pelvic measurement examinations should not be performed on pregnant women. If it is really necessary, it should be limited to the last three months of pregnancy, and the special reasons for applying for this examination should be recorded on the doctor's order. It can only be performed after approval by qualified radiology experts. 5.4 Routine chest X-ray examinations should not be performed on pregnant women before delivery. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on May 23, 1996 68
Implemented on December 1, 1996
GB16349--1996
5.5 Avoid repeated X-ray examinations of women of childbearing age and pregnant women. 6 Principles that radiology staff (physicians and technicians) should abide by 6.1 When receiving an X-ray examination application form for women of childbearing age or pregnant women, radiology staff should first review it. If the last menstrual period or pregnancy status is not clearly filled in, they should ask clearly and take the initiative to consult with the clinical physician to decide whether to perform a lower abdominal X-ray examination based on the patient's condition. If it is confirmed that there is no need for an X-ray examination, they have the right to return the X-ray examination application form. 6.2 They must be proficient in business technology and radiation protection knowledge, and prepare various suitable shielding materials with sufficient lead equivalent according to the physiological characteristics of women of childbearing age and pregnant women.
6.3 X-ray machines used for the examination of women of childbearing age and pregnant women must meet the requirements of GB8279. 6.4 Develop the best X-ray examination plan and select the best combination of projection conditions or photographic conditions to reduce the exposure dose of the examinee. 6.5 According to the needs of diagnosis, strictly collimate the beam of radiation, limit the range of the irradiation field, and take effective shielding protection for non-examined parts (especially the lower abdomen of pregnant women) to reduce unnecessary exposure. 6.6 Before fluoroscopy, make full dark adaptation to shorten the exposure time. Under the premise of not affecting the diagnosis, choose fluoroscopy conditions with high voltage, low current, thick filtration and small radiation field.
6.7 During X-ray examination, the examinee should take the positive film position to reduce the exposure of radiation-sensitive organs such as eyes, thyroid, breast, ovary, etc.
6.8 Try to use advanced technology and equipment, such as image intensifier, rare earth intensifying screen and matching X-ray film. 6.9 Do a good job in quality assurance of X-ray examination to avoid unnecessary repeated exposure. 7 Special X-ray examination
7.1 X-ray examination of intrauterine contraceptive device
7.1.1 Women with IUD (referred to as IUD) should first undergo gynecological and ultrasonic examinations when they have abnormal conditions such as bleeding, infection, back pain, or suspected IUD detachment. X-ray examination can only be performed when the above examinations cannot confirm the diagnosis, and avoid X-ray examination without clinical indications. 7.1.2 The X-ray fluoroscopy (X-ray fluoroscopy) examination of women's IUDs should be gradually transitioned to abdominal X-ray plain film examination, and lead shielding should be used to limit the exposure range to the pelvic area. 7.1.3 The frequency of X-ray fluoroscopy of women with IUDs should be strictly limited to no more than twice in the first year after wearing the IUD, and no more than once every 1 to 2 years thereafter.
7.1.4 During X-ray fluoroscopy, women of childbearing age are prohibited from queuing in the X-ray room for examination. 7.1.5 Rural family planning IUD fluoroscopy workers must undergo training and assessment on radiation protection knowledge and X-ray examination technology, and can only engage in X-ray fluoroscopy work after obtaining a certificate of qualification.
7.1.6 Portable small X-ray machines must be modified for protection and can only be used in family planning IUD work after meeting the requirements of GB8279. 7.2 Mammography
7.2.1 Avoid performing mammography health examinations on women of childbearing age who have no clinical symptoms. Women under the age of 50 should not undergo regular mammography screening unless they have a personal history of breast cancer, a family history, or other high-risk factors. 7.2.2 Strictly control the indications for mammography. Mammography should be used with caution for young women, especially those under the age of 20. Mammography should not be performed during pregnancy. 7.2.3 Repeated breast X-ray examinations should be avoided. 7.2.4 When performing mammography, attention should be paid to protecting the eyes and thyroid gland of women of childbearing age. 7.2.5 Mammography diagnosis must be performed by specially trained radiologists. 7.2.6 Mammography should not be performed with general medical diagnostic X-ray machines. Instead, special soft X-ray devices such as molybdenum target X-ray machines should be used in conjunction with advanced technology and rare earth intensifying screens to ensure that the maximum dose equivalent of the central part of the breast in one examination is no more than 10 mSv.
7.3 Hysterosalpingography
GB16349-1996
7.3.1 Strictly control the indications for hysterosalpingography to reduce unnecessary exposure. 7.3.2 This examination should be limited to 5 to 10 days after the end of menstruation. 7.3.3 Try to avoid repeated X-ray examinations.
7.3.4 Pregnancy should be avoided within three months after hysterosalpingography. Additional notes:
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. This standard was drafted by the Liaoning Provincial Institute of Labor Hygiene. The main drafters of this standard are Zhang Guirong, Du Hongtao, Chen Shaoping, Liu Ge, and the Ministry of Health entrusted the Ministry of Health's Industrial Hygiene Laboratory, which is responsible for the interpretation of this standard.
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