Standard number: GB/T 2893.5-2020
Standard name: Graphical symbols-Safety colours and safety signs-Part 5: Principles and requirements for the use of safety signs
English name: Graphical symbols-Safety colours and safety signs-Part 5: Principles and requirements for the use of safety signs
Standard format: PDF
Release time: 2020-03-31
Implementation time: 2020-10-01
Standard size: 4.95M.
Standard introduction: This part of GB/T2893 specifies the principles and requirements for the selection, combination and setting of safety signs in actual use.
This part applies to safety signs used in public places, workplaces or public buildings other than private residences. This part does not apply to:
---Road traffic signs
---Public information graphic symbols
---Dangerous goods transport signs
This part does not include the requirements for the use of evacuation route signs and water safety signs.
Note 1: Evacuation route signs and their use requirements are specified in GB/T23809.
Note 2: The provisions of water safety signs and their use guidelines are respectively in GBT25895.1 and GB/T25895.3.
GB/T2893 "Graphic Symbol Safety Colors and Safety Signs" is divided into 5 parts:
Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings:
Part 2: Design principles for product safety labels
Part 3: Design principles for graphic symbols for safety signs:
Part 4: Chromaticity and photometric properties of safety sign materials
Part 5: Principles and requirements for the use of safety signs
This part is Part 5 of GB/T 2893
This part was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1:2009
This part was proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Graphic Symbols (SAC/TC59)The drafting units of this part are: China National Institute of Standardization, National Railway Administration, National Earthquake Disaster Prevention Center, Hainan Provincial Department of Tourism, Culture, Radio, Film and Television
Sports, Office of the People's Government of Hailar District, Hulunbuir City, Hainan University
Main drafters of this part: Chen Yongquan, Bai Dianyi, Zou Chuanyu, Chen Ziding, Li Yishi, Liu Jingwen, Zhang Liang, Zhang Ying, Yin Zhengjiang
This part specifies the principles and requirements for selecting, combining and setting safety signs in actual use. This part applies to safety signs used in public places, workplaces or public buildings other than private residences. This part does not apply to: --Road traffic signs; --Public information graphic symbols; --Dangerous goods transport signs. This part does not include the use requirements of evacuation route signs and water safety signs. Note 1: Evacuation route signs and their use requirements are specified in GB/T 23809. Note 2: Water safety signs and their use guidelines are specified in GB/T 25895.1 and GB/T 25895.3 respectively.

ICS01.080.01
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National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T2893.5—2020
Graphical symbols
Safety colours and safety signs
Part 5: Principles and requirements for the use of safety signsGraphical symbolsSafety coloursand safety signs-Part 5:Principles and requirements for the use of safety signs2020-03-31 release
State Administration for Market Regulation
National Standardization Administration
2020-10-01 implementation
GB/T2893.5—2020
Normative reference documents
Terms and definitions
Principles of use
Requirements for use
Requirements analysis
Selection and use
Use of auxiliary texts
Effective area
Durability and safety
Evaluation and maintenance
Appendix Appendix A (Informative Appendix)
Appendix B (Informative Appendix)
References
Examples of application of effective action areas of safety signsExamples of setting safety signs
CJoAKA
GB/T2893 "Graphic Symbols Safety Colors and Safety Signs" is divided into 5 parts: Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety marks; Part 2: Design principles for product safety labels; Part 3: Design principles for graphic symbols for safety signs; Part 4: Chromaticity and photometric properties of safety sign materials; Part 5: Principles and requirements for the use of safety signs. This part is Part 5 of GB/T2893.
This part was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009. This part was proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Graphic Symbols (SAC/TC59). TITKAi-JoAKA
GB/T2893.5-—2020
Drafting units of this part: China National Institute of Standardization, National Railway Administration, National Earthquake Disaster Prevention Center, Hainan Provincial Department of Tourism, Culture, Radio, Film and Television and Sports, Office of the People's Government of Hailar District, Hulunbuir City, Hainan University. Main drafters of this part: Chen Yongquan, Bai Dianyi, Zou Chuanyu, Chen Ziding, Li Yishi, Liu Jingwen, Zhang Liang, Zhang Ying, Yin Zhengjiang, 1
Graphic symbol safety colors and safety signs
Part 5: Principles and requirements for the use of safety signs TITKA-CJOIAKA
GB/T2893.5—2020
Important note: The colors presented in the electronic files of this part of GB/T2893 cannot be viewed on the screen or used for printing as real colors. Although the use of colors in this part meets the requirements (within the allowable deviation based on visual inspection), the printed version cannot be used for color matching. For the requirements of color matching, please refer to GB/T2893.4, which gives the color reference values ​​derived from the color sequence system while giving the chromaticity and photometric properties.
1 Scope
This part of GB/T2893 specifies the principles and requirements for selecting, combining and setting safety signs in actual use. This part applies to safety signs used in public places, workplaces or public buildings other than private residences. This part does not apply to:
Road traffic signs:
-Public information graphic symbols:
-Dangerous goods transport signs.
This part does not include the use requirements of evacuation route signs and water safety signs Note 1: Evacuation route signs and their use requirements are specified in GB/T23809 Note 2: Water safety signs and their use guidelines are specified in GB/T25895.1 and GB/T25895.3 respectively. Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated versions apply to this document. For undated references, the latest versions (including all amendments) apply to this document. GB/T2893.1
GB/T2893.3
GB/T2893.4
Graphic symbols Safety colors and safety signs Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings Graphic symbols Safety colors and safety signs Part 3: Design principles for graphic symbols for safety signs Graphic symbols
Safety colors and safety signs Part 4: Chromaticity and photometric properties of safety sign materials GB2894 Safety signs and guidelines for their use
GB7000.1 Luminaires Part 1: General requirements and tests GB13495.1
GB/T15565
Fire safety signs Part 1: Signs
Terms of graphic symbols
GB/T20002.4
GB/T31523.1
GB/T31523.2
Terms and definitions
Guide to standardization work
Part 4: Contents related to safety in standards Safety information identification system Part 1: Signs Safety information identification system Part 2: Setting principles and requirements The terms and definitions defined in GB/T15565 and GB/T20002.4 apply to this document. 4 Principles of use
4.1 The types and functions of safety signs shall comply with the provisions of GB/T2893.1. Safety signs can be presented in a variety of forms, including but not limited to -
GB/T2893.5—2020
on signboards, labels or directly painted on the carrier. TTTKAI-CJOIAKA
4.2 The safety signs used should ensure that observers within the maximum observation distance can know the location of the hazard source, the nature of the hazard source, and the measures required to control the risk to an acceptable level. Safety signs should also comply with the following principles when used: 4.3
a) Safety signs are easy to notice and have sufficient contrast between the safety signs and the use environment; b)
Ensure that the safety signs can always be within the observer's line of sight and will not be occasionally blocked (for example, blocked by an open door);
Safety signs have a large enough size and sufficient lighting at the observation distance. c
5 Usage requirements
5.1 Demand analysis
5.1.1 In the target site, safety signs that should be set up according to the requirements of relevant laws and regulations or the provisions of safe production should be set up first. The use of other safety signs should be judged based on risk assessment, which can identify and determine the types of hazard sources in the target site and the specific risks associated with each hazard source. Note: Hazard sources can usually be classified according to physical, chemical, biological, psychological and other aspects. 5.1.2 After the hazard source is determined through risk assessment, risk control should be carried out first. The first risk control measure should be to eliminate the hazard source, and the second is to prevent people from coming into contact with the hazard source. If none of the above measures are feasible, or there is still a residual risk after taking the above measures, safety signs should be used to convey the corresponding safety information. When the hazard source can be eliminated and should be eliminated, it is not appropriate to rely solely on safety signs to avoid risks.
For example, the hazard source is the uneven ground, which may cause pedestrians to fall. The measures to be taken are as follows: The first option is to eliminate the hazard source by flattening the ground; the second option is to prevent people from coming into contact with the hazard source by setting up obstacles that can effectively block it (such as guardrails, etc.); the third option, if both the first and second options are not feasible, then set up safety signs to remind people of the danger there. 5.1.3 Only more significant risks should be considered during the risk assessment process. It is advisable to set a trade-off indicator in the risk assessment process, and risks that are obviously small, unlikely to occur, or have insignificant potential harm can be ignored. 5.1.4 When analyzing the need for safety signs, the following aspects should also be considered: The need to implement risk control, including:
Prohibition of dangerous actions or behaviors:
2) Prohibition of specific personnel, processes or practices: 3)
Specific actions, processes or practices should be performed. The need to implement emergency plans:
1) Determine the location of safety equipment and facilities:
2) Determine the location of fire-fighting equipment and facilities.
Requirements of health and safety laws or regulations
Requirements of government management departments. Www.bzxZ.net
Other requirements of site managers and persons in charge, etc. Selection and use
The following influencing factors should be considered when selecting safety signs: 5.2.1
The content of routine and non-routine activities in the assessment area; a
The activities of all personnel who may appear in the assessment area; b)
The situation of all equipment and facilities in the assessment area d) Whether there is a conflict with the safety management documents or safety management system in the venue TTTKAI-CJOIAKA
GB/T2893.5—2020
5.2.2 Safety signs should be selected from national standards such as GB/T31523.1, GB2894, GB13495.1, etc. 5.2.3 When the required safety signs are not specified in the current national standards, it is advisable to use general safety signs (including general warning signs, general prohibition signs and general instruction signs, see GB/T31523.1) and text auxiliary signs to form a combination sign to express the required safety information: New safety signs can also be designed in accordance with the provisions of GB/T2893.1 and GB/T2893.3. 5.2.4 When using safety signs, the conspicuity of the signs can be increased by using lining. The lining is a strip of a certain width with a contrasting color on the outer edge of the sign frame. When the safety sign has a lining, the use of the lining should comply with the provisions of GB/T31523.2. 5.3 Use of auxiliary text
5.3.1 Auxiliary text helps to enhance the comprehensibility of the safety sign. For safety signs that people are more familiar with, such as "No Smoking", it is also appropriate to use auxiliary text to further enhance its comprehensibility when using it. 5.3.2 If the risk assessment results show that the target audience in the assessment area may not be familiar with the safety sign, the safety sign used should be accompanied by auxiliary text that can convey the meaning of the safety sign. 5.3.3 When using auxiliary text, the auxiliary text should play the following roles: a)
Give the meaning of the safety sign:
b) Expand or elaborate on the meaning of the safety sign by providing more information. There should be no conflict or contradiction between the content of the auxiliary text and the meaning of the safety sign specified in the national standard. 5.3.4
Auxiliary text should not be used alone. When using auxiliary text: a)
The prominence of auxiliary text should not exceed that of the accompanying safety sign: Chinese auxiliary text should use a uniform font with consistent stroke thickness, such as boldface, etc.: If auxiliary text is in English, then:
Only the first letter of the first word in English should be capitalized, and the letters of other words should be lowercase; 1
If the English auxiliary text used with the warning sign uses the warning word "Warning", the English word after the warning word should be on a new line, and the first letter of the first word in the new line of English should be capitalized, and the letters of other words should be lowercase: 3) The English font should be a sans-serif font with similar stroke thickness 5.3.6 Chinese The height of the auxiliary text should be greater than or equal to 6mm, or not less than 10% of the height of the safety sign, whichever is higher. The height of lowercase letters in the English auxiliary text (measured using the lowercase letter "x") should be half the height of the Chinese characters used at the same time. 5.3.7 The auxiliary text should form a rectangular auxiliary text sign and be used together with the safety sign. The design of the auxiliary text sign should comply with the requirements of GB/T2893.1. The auxiliary text sign should be used as a component of a combined sign or a collective sign together with the corresponding safety sign, as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Beware of pinching
Warning
Crushing a) Text auxiliary sign with a safety color background Figure 1 Schematic diagram of combined sign
Beware of pinching hands
Warning
Crushing of hands
b) Text auxiliary sign with a white background 5.3.8 When multiple safety signs are required at a specific location to convey complete safety information, multiple safety signs and their auxiliary texts should be located on the same rectangular carrier to form a collective sign with auxiliary texts that express multiple safety information, as shown in Figure 2. In the collective sign, each safety sign should have a clear relevance to its auxiliary text, and there should be clear intervals between the safety information. 3
GB/T2893.5-2020
Beware of fire
Warning
Flammable material
No smoking
No mobile phone use
No activated
mobilephones
Note: The outer black border indicates the boundary of the sign carrier, not a part of the collective sign graphic. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the collective sign with text auxiliary signs 5.4 Effective action area
Meaning of effective action area
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The effective action area of ​​a safety sign refers to the spherical visual space formed by the maximum observation distance of the observer. The surface of the spherical space represents the critical position where the observer should be able to correctly identify the symbol elements in the safety sign. An example is shown in Figure 3. Application examples of the effective action area.
Appendix A gives the effective action
Note: Although observers outside the effective action area of ​​the safety sign may also perceive or some observers may correctly identify the symbol elements in the safety sign, only those on the surface of the spherical visual space or inside it can ensure that the correct recognition rate of the graphic symbol elements reaches or exceeds 85%. D3.6m
Note 1: The value of 2 is 60. The vertical illumination of the sign surface is 1001x, the sign height dimension h is 60mm, and the sign installation height H is 1.7m. The green person indicates that he is in the effective action area, and the gray person indicates that he is outside the effective action area. Note 2: The horizontal red ring (D3.6m) is in the horizontal plane of the hand safety sign setting height, the vertical red ring is in the vertical plane passing through the center of the safety sign, and the green observer with eyes 1.7m above the ground is at the maximum observation distance on the normal line of the safety sign. The gray observer in the figure is outside the effective action area of ​​the safety sign.
Figure 3 Example of the effective action area of ​​a safety sign
5.4.2 Safe observation distance
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GB/T2893.5-—2020
5.4.2.1 After the observer reaches the boundary of the effective action area of ​​the safety sign, before reaching the safe observation distance, he should be able to correctly identify the graphic symbol of the safety sign and have the opportunity to correctly comply with the information conveyed by the safety sign. 5.4.2.2 When the safety sign is accompanied by auxiliary text, the observer should be able to correctly read the auxiliary text before reaching the safe observation distance. It is not advisable to use auxiliary text to determine the maximum observation distance of the sign. 5.4.2.3 The setting of the safe observation distance should take into account the differences in safety sign types, safety information and hazard sources: Safety signs used to locate equipment and facilities focus on how to quickly locate and correctly operate equipment and facilities, and are not inherently dangerous. For example, the "push door open" or "slide door open" signs set on the door can be identified and understood at a shorter distance. b)
If the safety sign conveys information about a hazard source, the location of the hazard source needs to be identified before reaching the safe observation distance. For example, warning signs such as "Beware of Fire" or "Beware of Explosion" set up at the entrance require a larger safe observation distance. 5.4.3 Sign height and size of effective action area 5.4.3.1
The sign height h of a safety sign is the size of the safety sign itself, and does not include the size of the lining of the safety sign. Table 1 gives the measurement method of the sign height h of a safety sign. Table 1 Sign height measurement
Types of safety signs
Warning signs
Prohibition signs
Instruction signs
Fire protection facility signs
Safety status signs
5.4.3.2 The size of the effective action area of ​​a safety sign depends on the distance factor and the height size h of the safety sign. The maximum viewing distance of the safety sign is on a straight line passing through the center of the sign and perpendicular to the sign. The maximum viewing distance is calculated according to formula (1): l=zch
Wherein:
Maximum viewing distance, in millimeters (mm): 20
. (1)
The distance factor where the observation position is located on the normal line passing through the center of the safety sign, the distance factor. The value of is affected by many conditions such as the vertical illuminance of the sign surface and the visual acuity of the intended user population: the sign height, in millimeters (mm). h
5.4.3.3 When the observer observes the safety sign at a certain angle to the normal line of the safety sign, the maximum viewing distance will be reduced. If α is the angle between the line of sight and the normal line of the sign (located at the center point of the sign), the distance factor of the angle 2. should be calculated by the formula z=2. cosa. Appendix A gives an example of the application of the distance factor of the safety sign 5.4.3.4 According to GB/T2893.1, Table 2 gives the distance factors of external illuminated safety signs and their Chinese auxiliary characters under a certain range of illumination. The distance factors in Table 2 are suitable for people with normal vision and a visual acuity of 1.0. The visual acuity of people with visual impairment will be reduced. For example, for people with a visual acuity of 0.5, the distance factors in Table 2 should be multiplied by a coefficient of 0.5. 5
GB/T2893.5--2020
Distance factors for external illuminated safety signs based on ordinary materials or phosphorescent materials and their Chinese auxiliary characters. Vertical illuminance on the sign surface
≥51x
≥1001x
Distance factor in the normal direction of the center of the sign30
Distance factor for Chinese characters in the normal direction of the center of the sign120
When the illumination range exceeds about 200Ix, then. The value varies approximately linearly with the logarithmic value of the illuminance. 5.4.3.5
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For externally illuminated safety signs, Tables 3 and 4 respectively give the maximum observation distance in the normal direction of the safety sign center (i.e., the diameter of the effective action area) and the maximum observation distance of Chinese characters (i.e., the diameter of the clear text area) when the vertical illuminance on the sign surface is 1001x and 51x. When the value of the maximum observation distance falls between two adjacent values ​​in Tables 3 and 4, the larger of the two sign heights should be selected.
Maximum observation distance (i.e., diameter of effective area) and diameter of clear area of ​​Chinese auxiliary text of external illuminated safety signs at different sign heights when the vertical illuminance on the surface is 100Ix Sign height
Minimum Chinese line height
Maximum observation distance on the normal line to the center of the safety sign
Clear distance on the normal line to the center of the safety sign or diameter of the clear text area
Note: The minimum Chinese line height is 10% of the sign height, for safety signs. Select 60 from Table 2, and select 240 from Table 3 for auxiliary text. Table 4 Maximum observation distance (i.e., effective action area diameter) and clear area diameter of Chinese auxiliary text for externally illuminated safety signs at different sign heights when the vertical illuminance on the surface is 5Ix. Sign height
Minimum Chinese line height
Maximum observation distance on the normal line of the center of the safety sign
Observation distance or diameter of the effective action area
Clear distance on the normal line of the center of the safety sign
Diameter of the clear text area
Note: The minimum Chinese line height is 10% of the sign height, for safety signs. Select 30 from Table 2, and select 120 from Table 3 for auxiliary text. 5.4.3.6
If the safety observation distance is specified, the maximum observation distance of the safety sign and the maximum clear distance of the auxiliary text shall be greater than the safety height.
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