Some standard content:
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
JB85251997
Centrifuge
1997-03-04 Issued
Safety Requirements
1997-10-01 Implementation
Ministry of Machinery Industry of the People's Republic of China
8525-1997
This standard is a mandatory standard. All safety requirements of centrifuge products produced, sold and used in China shall comply with the provisions of this standard. Appendix A of this standard is the appendix of the standard.
This standard is proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Separation Machinery Standardization. This standard is drafted by the Hefei General Machinery Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry. The main drafter of this standard: Zhao Yang.
1 Scope
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Safety Requirements for Centrifuges
JB 8525—1997
This standard specifies the safety requirements that should be followed in the design, manufacture, installation, use and maintenance of various industrial centrifuges with metal drums (lined or unlined) (hereinafter referred to as centrifuges). The safety requirements and/or measures contained in this standard apply to some major hazards that may occur during the service life of the centrifuge, but not all hazards.
This standard also specifies the inspection and judgment methods for the safety performance of centrifuges. This standard applies to centrifuges for all industrial purposes. 2 Referenced Standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB 150—89
GB 332387
GB 3766--83
GB4334—90
GB 4774-84
GB/T 5226.1--1996
GB7932-87
GB 10894-89
GB 10895--89
Steel pressure vessels
Radiography and quality classification of steel fusion welded butt jointsGeneral technical requirements for hydraulic systems
Test methods for corrosion resistance of stainless steel
Terms and terms for centrifuges and filters
Industrial machinery electrical equipment Part 1: General technical requirementsGeneral technical requirements for pneumatic systems
Determination of sound power level of noise in separation machineryEngineering methodMethod for testing mechanical vibration of centrifuges and separatorsGB/T 15706.1--1995
Basic concepts and general principles for mechanical safety Part 1: Basic terms and methodology JB 4708---92
JB/T 8105--96
ZB J77 002--88
3 Terms
Welding procedure assessment for steel pressure vessels
Specification for calculation of centrifuge drum strength
Technical specification for conventional non-destructive testing of forged welded parts of centrifuges and separators Technical terms for centrifuge products comply with the provisions of GB4774. Terms for mechanical safety comply with the provisions of GB/T15706.1 4 Hazard list
The following only points out some major hazards that may cause damage to the body, explosion, drum burst, mechanical cuts, personnel squeeze injuries, toxic and corrosive substances, electric shocks, etc. during the service life of the centrifuge due to factors such as design, manufacturing, selection, and use. 4.1 Design factors
4.1.1 The strength calculation of the centrifuge (especially the drum) is wrong or unreasonable. Approved by the Ministry of Machinery Industry on March 4, 1997
Implemented on October 1, 1997
4.1.2 Improper material selection.
JB 8525—1997
4.1.3 The structural design is unreasonable, the strength of each connection part is insufficient or there is no reliable anti-loosening measure, which cannot effectively prevent damage to people and machines. The centrifuge is not rigid enough and has poor stability.
4.1.4 The working part that accommodates the separated materials has no effective sealing, liquid blocking devices, etc. 4.1.5 There are no effective protective measures for the rotating part. 4.1.6 The control device is not designed reasonably, and there is no interlocking protection for the program action during operation. 4.1.7 The design of the vibration isolation or vibration reduction device is unreasonable. 4.1.8 The design of the electrical and control devices is unreasonable. 4.2 Manufacturing factors
4.2.1 The chemical composition, mechanical properties and geometric dimensions of the materials do not meet the standards or have serious defects. 4.2.2 The welding quality is poor, and the welding inspection or flaw detection has not been carried out as required. The heat treatment process is unreasonable.
4.2.4 The manufacturing accuracy of parts does not meet the requirements and the assembly is improper. 4.2. 5
The dynamic balancing accuracy of the rotating parts that should be dynamically balanced does not meet the requirements. 4.2.6 The operating noise and vibration of the whole machine exceed the requirements specified in the corresponding product standards. 4.2.7 The electrical equipment and purchased parts do not meet the safety requirements. 4.3 Installation, use and maintenance factors
4.3.1 Improper selection.
4.3.2 The centrifuge is not used within the prescribed scope, such as using a general-purpose centrifuge in flammable and explosive places; using a centrifuge without anti-corrosion measures to process highly corrosive materials, etc.
4.3.3 Failure to operate in accordance with the prescribed operating procedures, such as reverse rotation of the drum, emergency braking, overload operation, overspeed operation, etc. 4.3.4 Failure to eliminate faults in a timely manner and timely scrapping of invalid centrifuges. 4.3.5 Failure to install, use, and maintain the centrifuge in accordance with the requirements in the product manual or modify the parts and add accessories of the centrifuge on your own.
5 Safety requirements and/or measures in the design and manufacture of centrifuges 5.1 Basic requirements
5.1.1 The strength calculation of the centrifuge drum shall comply with the provisions defined in the scope of use of JB/T8105 5.1.2 The structure and various parts and components of the centrifuge must have sufficient strength, rigidity and stability. When manufactured, installed, stored, transported and used according to the prescribed conditions, it shall not pose a threat to personal safety or cause harm. 5.1.3 The centrifuge shall ensure safe and reliable operation under the prescribed working conditions and convenient operation and maintenance. 5.1.4 Protective devices
5.1.4.1 All exposed rotating parts of the centrifuge that the operator may touch shall be provided with corresponding safety protection measures or safety protection devices. Under the condition that the operator complies with the operating procedures, the safety protection devices shall ensure personal safety. 5.1.4.2 The protective device shall be easy to install and disassemble, and the mesh of the protective device or the distance from the surface of the protected object shall ensure that the person will not touch the protected object.
5.1.4.3 The rigidity of the protective device shall ensure that when any person touches the protective device, the protective device will not be deformed or displaced, causing the protective cover to touch the protected object.
5.1.5 The outer surface of exposed and rotating parts and components shall not have sharp edges, corners, burrs, etc. 5.1.6 Parts and components of the centrifuge that are difficult for one person to move shall be provided with obvious lifting rings, lifting ears or lifting bolts, etc., or marked with obvious lifting positions, unless their own shapes are suitable for lifting. For centrifuges with packaging boxes, the packaging boxes should also have obvious lifting position marks. 5.1.7 Important loose connection parts should have reliable anti-loosening devices. 5.2 Noise and vibration
JB 8525--1997
5.2.1 The noise limit of the centrifuge shall comply with the requirements specified in the corresponding product technical conditions and standards. The measurement method shall comply with the provisions of GB10894.
5.2.2 The vibration limit of the centrifuge shall comply with the requirements specified in the corresponding product technical conditions and standards. The measurement method shall comply with the provisions of GB10895.
5.3 Hydraulic and pneumatic systems
5.3.1 The safety requirements of the hydraulic transmission system of the centrifuge shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB3766. 5.3.2 The safety requirements of the pneumatic system of the centrifuge shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB7932. 5.3.3 The control devices of the hydraulic and pneumatic systems of the centrifuge shall operate safely, sensitively and reliably. 5.3.4 The hydraulic and pneumatic systems of the centrifuge must have pressure limiting and position limiting devices. 5.4 Enclosed and explosion-proof requirements
5.4.1 Centrifuges operating in enclosed, flammable, explosive or humid environments shall comply with the requirements of relevant standards or regulations such as enclosed, flameproof, explosion-proof and moisture-proof.
5.4.2 Centrifuges operating in enclosed, flammable, explosive or humid environments shall have reliable safety protection measures. 5.5 Temperature rise
The temperature rise value of the relevant parts of the centrifuge shall comply with the provisions of the corresponding product standards. 5.6 Material requirements
5.6.1 The mechanical properties and chemical composition of the centrifuge drum and main shaft materials shall comply with the relevant standards and shall be accompanied by the supplier's material quality certificate. The centrifuge manufacturer shall inspect and accept the materials according to the certificate and re-inspect them if necessary. 5.6.2 The materials for manufacturing the main parts of the centrifuge are allowed to be replaced with materials with the same or better performance. However, this must be approved by the design department. 5.6.3 For centrifuges used in the pharmaceutical and food industries, the parts and components that come into contact with materials shall comply with the relevant national pharmaceutical and food hygiene standards.
5.7 Heat treatment
5.7.1 Important castings and forgings of the centrifuge (such as the drum, drum bottom, machine base, etc.) shall be treated to eliminate internal stress or improve metallographic structure. Cast stainless steel castings and forgings shall be heat treated accordingly according to specific categories and technical requirements. 5.7.2 For important welded parts (such as the drum body), whether post-weld heat treatment or corresponding measures to eliminate residual internal stress shall be determined based on the material, structure and technical requirements of the drawings.
5.8 Welding
5.8.1 The welding of the drum shall be performed by welders holding a welder qualification certificate for pressure vessels issued by the labor department. 5.8.2 The weld of the liquid blocking plate shall be staggered with the longitudinal weld of the drum. 5.8.3 The welding process for the main welds of the drum shall be formulated according to the technical requirements of the drawings. According to the requirements of the welding test plate in Appendix G of GB150--89, a mechanical property inspection test plate shall be made and the mechanical properties shall be measured. The mechanical properties of the welded joint shall not be lower than those of the parent material. After the welding process assessment, a "welding process assessment report" shall be proposed, and a "welding process specification" shall be formulated in combination with practical experience. As long as the steel type, welding materials and welding method remain unchanged, the above "welding process specification" can be used as the basis for the welding production of the welded parts. The welds of the welding test plate used for welding process assessment shall be 100% X-rayed. The intergranular corrosion tendency test of austenitic stainless steel welding test plate shall be carried out according to GB4334, and there shall be no intergranular corrosion tendency.
5.8.4 The welding process assessment before the centrifuge drum welding shall be carried out according to JB4708. The welding process specification shall be formulated according to the technical requirements of the drawings and the qualified welding process. The welding process assessment report, welding process specification and welding records shall be kept for no less than 7 years. 5.8.5 If the drum weld is found to have unacceptable defects and needs to be repaired after elimination, the number of repairs allowed shall be determined according to the material type, plate thickness, welding method and post-weld heat treatment, and the number of repairs for the same part of the weld shall not exceed two times. If it exceeds two times, it shall be approved by the chief technical officer of the manufacturing unit. The number of repairs, parts and repair conditions shall be recorded in the quality record of the machine. The repaired parts of the austenitic stainless steel welds shall maintain the original resistance to intergranular corrosion. 5.9 Nondestructive testing
5.9.1 The assessment of nondestructive testing of centrifuges must be undertaken by personnel holding the nondestructive testing personnel qualification certificate for the corresponding method issued by the labor department3
JB 8525—1997
5.9.2 The drum weld of each welded drum shall be subjected to X-ray flaw detection inspection in accordance with the provisions of ZBJ77002 and meet its specified requirements. 100% of the longitudinal welds shall be inspected by radiographic inspection, and the weld quality shall be assessed according to the I level of AB-level photography in GB3323-87; the length of the circumferential weld sampling shall not be less than 20% of the total length of the weld, and the weld quality shall be assessed according to the III level of AB-level photography in GB3323-87. If it exceeds the standard, an additional 20% inspection shall be conducted, and if it exceeds the standard again, a 100% inspection shall be conducted. The number of radiographic inspection photos of the circumferential weld shall not be less than two (each photo shall not be less than 200mm in length). 5.9.3 Non-destructive inspection shall be conducted on important forgings such as the main shaft and drum after heat treatment, and shall comply with the provisions of ZBJ77002. 5.10 Dynamic balancing
The dynamic balancing accuracy of each centrifuge drum shall not be lower than the provisions of the corresponding product technical conditions and standards. 5.11 Electrical requirements
5.11.1 The safety requirements for the electrical equipment of the centrifuge shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T5226.1. 5.11.2 The electrical control box of the centrifuge should have a protective device to prevent malfunction and danger caused by false operation. The automatic centrifuge brake device and the main motor control system should have an interlocking device. bZxz.net
5.12 Random files
A random file should be established for each centrifuge during the manufacturing process, and the random file should be retained in the manufacturer for 7 years. 6 Usage information
6.1 Basic requirements
6.1.1 The centrifuge manufacturer should provide detailed usage information while providing centrifuge products so that users can safely install, use and maintain the machine according to this information.
6.1.2 Usage information should be given in the form of signs and instruction manuals. 6.2 Signs
6.2.1 The signs should be given in the form of product labels and rotation direction labels. The signs should be fixed in obvious places with clear text and patterns. 6.2.2 The product label of each centrifuge should state the main technical parameters required for the normal operation of the centrifuge in accordance with the relevant product standards.
6.2.3 The centrifuge shall be equipped with a permanent sign indicating the direction of rotation of the drum. 6.3 Instruction Manual
6.3.1 The centrifuge manufacturer shall provide an instruction manual that can correctly guide the user on installation, use, maintenance, etc. The instruction manual shall clearly state the intended use of the centrifuge and shall include all instructions to ensure safe and correct installation, use and maintenance of the centrifuge. The user shall be required to use the machine reasonably according to its instructions, and shall also provide appropriate warnings for the potential dangers of using the centrifuge in other ways that do not comply with the requirements of the instruction manual.
6.3.2 The instruction manual of the centrifuge shall include: a) Information on the transportation, handling and storage of the centrifuge, such as: storage conditions of the machine;
installation dimensions, weight, center of gravity position;
requirements for the foundation;
-handling instructions (e.g. lifting position, force application point). b) Information on the delivery and operation of the centrifuge, such as: fixing and vibration buffering requirements;
installation conditions;
- space required for use and maintenance;
permitted environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, vibration, etc.); - instructions for connecting the centrifuge to the power source (especially for preventing electrical overload); recommendations on the protective measures that the user must take (special safety devices, safety distances, safety symbols and signals, etc.). 4
c) Information on the centrifuge itself, such as: JB 8525-1997
- detailed description of the centrifuge and its accessories, protective devices and (or) safety devices; - the intended application range of the centrifuge;
- main technical parameters;
- materials of the main working parts;
- noise and vibration data generated by the centrifuge; - formal certification documents proving that the centrifuge meets the relevant mandatory requirements. d) Information on the use of the centrifuge, such as: instructions for manual operators, instructions for settings and adjustments; modes and methods of shutdown (especially emergency shutdown); operating procedures, methods, precautions and common misoperations and preventive measures during startup and operation; information on risks that cannot be eliminated by the designer through safety measures; information on prohibition.
e) Maintenance information, such as: procedures and methods for handling faults; monitoring and recording during operation;
-fault analysis and elimination;
nature and frequency of inspections; instructions on maintenance that requires specified technical knowledge and special skills and therefore requires skilled personnel to perform specifically; instructions on maintenance that does not require specified technical knowledge and special skills and therefore does not require skilled personnel to perform specifically, and can therefore be performed by the operator.
f) Information on decommissioning, disassembly and scrapping for safety reasons. 7 Determination of centrifuge safety performance
7.1 The following requirements of centrifuge are key items. If one of them is not met, the centrifuge safety performance is judged to be unqualified: a) vibration;
b) noise;
c) drum strength calculation;
d) mechanical properties and chemical composition of drum and spindle materials; e) welder qualification;
f) welding process assessment;
g) drum weld flaw detection;
h) spindle flaw detection after heat treatment;
i) drum dynamic balance;
ji) protective device.
7.2 Other safety requirements specified in this standard are main items. In order to determine that the safety performance of the centrifuge is qualified, in addition to the key items that must meet the requirements specified in this standard 100%, more than 85% of the main items must meet the provisions of this standard. 7.3 Appendix A (Appendix to the standard) is a list of centrifuge safety performance inspection items. During actual inspection, this table can be added or deleted according to different models.
7.3.1 Fill in the "Standard Requirements" column according to the following provisions: a) For items with clear values in the standard, fill in the standard values, such as vibration and noise values; b) For items that use clauses to describe safety requirements, fill in the standard clause number. 5
JB8525--1997
7.3.2 Fill in the "Actual Inspection Conditions" column according to the following provisions: a) For items with clear values in the standard, fill in the measured values of the standard, such as vibration and noise values; b) For items that use clauses to describe safety requirements, fill in "Conform to" or "Not Conform to". 7.3.3 If necessary, fill in the specific non-conformity of the non-conformity item in the remarks column. 8 Safety requirements and/or measures in centrifuge operation and maintenance 8.1 Units using centrifuges should select technically trained personnel as safety managers of centrifuges. 8.2 Managers should ensure that operators are educated on safety precautions to prevent accidents and personal injuries. 8.3 Centrifuges are only allowed to be operated and maintained by designated technically trained personnel. 8.4 Centrifuges should be inspected regularly to ensure that the functions and important parts of the centrifuges and safety protection measures are in normal working condition. The centrifuges should formulate correct minor, medium and major overhaul cycles and strictly implement them. 8.5 Operators should be proficient in the operating procedures of the centrifuge, such as starting, stopping and emergency stopping. No brutal operation (such as shoveling materials with a shovel during high-speed rotation, exceeding the specified loading amount, etc.) is allowed; the centrifuge shall not be operated at overspeed or overload. 8.6 It is not allowed to adjust, maintain and troubleshoot the centrifuge in the running state. Necessary precautions should be taken when adjusting, maintaining or troubleshooting.
8.7 When the centrifuge drum, main shaft and other rotating parts and other important parts are seriously corroded or the drum is obviously unbalanced, they should be replaced or repaired in time, and unsafe emergency measures such as surface repair welding should not be adopted. 8.8 The integrity of the centrifuge should be guaranteed, and it is not allowed to dismantle, change parts, components or add auxiliary devices at will. 6
Calculation of drum strength
2 Protective device
"Temperature rise value of relevant parts of the centrifuge
JB 8525--1997
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
List of safety performance inspection items for centrifugesStandard requirements
Mechanical properties and chemical composition of drum and spindle materialsFood hygiene requirements
Qualification of welders
Welding procedure assessment
Drum weld flaw detection
Flaw detection of important forgings such as spindles and drums after heat treatmentDrum dynamic balance
Exposed and rotating parts and componentsExternal surface processing qualityLifting requirements
Anti-loosening measures for important loose connections
Safety requirements for hydraulic systems
Safety requirements for pneumatic systems
Control devices of hydraulic system and pneumatic system
Enclosed explosion-proof requirements for pressure and position limiting devices of hydraulic system and pneumatic system
Requirements for substitution of parts and materials
Heat treatment of important castings and forgings
Heat treatment of important welded parts
Welding of liquid blocking plate
Performance test of welding test plate
Archive of welding process documents
Repair of rotary drum weld
Qualification assessment of flaw detection assessment personnel
Random files
Electrical requirements
Requirements for electrical control box or interlocking device
Product label and rotation direction label
Actual inspection situation
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