GB/T 39223.4-2020.Ergonomic requirements for healthy home-Part 4:Children's desks and chairs.
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 39223 specifies the ergonomic technical requirements and test methods for children's desks and chairs.
GB/T 39223.4 is applicable to adjustable learning desks and chairs for children aged 4 to 14 years old that meet the basic performance quality and safety and environmental protection standards.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For all dated references, only the dated version applies to this document. For all undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 5703-2010 Basic items of human body measurement for technical design
GB/T 26158 Human dimensions of minors in China
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Ergonomics
Human factors
A scientific discipline that studies the interaction between people and other elements in a system, and applies theories, principles, data and methods to design to optimize the quality of human life and overall system performance.
Note: This definition is consistent with the definition given by the International Ergonomics Association.
[ISO 26800:2011, definition 2.2]
3.2
User experience
People's feelings and reactions to the products, systems or services they use or expect to use.
Note 1: User experience includes all emotional reactions, trust reactions, preference reactions, sensory reactions, physiological and psychological reactions, as well as behaviors and performance of users before, during and after use. Note
2: User experience is the result of the comprehensive effects of the brand image, appearance, functional characteristics, system performance, interactive behavior and auxiliary functions
of the interactive system, the internal psychological and physiological state formed by the user's previous experience, attitude, skills and personality characteristics, and the use scenario.
Note 3: From the perspective of achieving personal goals of users, usability may include the perceptual and emotional aspects that are very relevant to user experience. Usability standards can be used to evaluate all aspects of user experience.
[ISO 9241-210:2019.Definition 3.15]
This part specifies the ergonomic technical requirements and test methods for children's tables and chairs. This part applies to adjustable-size learning tables and chairs for children aged 4 to 14 years old that meet basic performance quality and safety and environmental protection standards.

ICS13.180
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T39223.4—2020
Ergonomic requirements for healthy home-Part 4: Children's desks and chairs chairs2020-11-19 Issued
State Administration for Market Regulation
National Standardization Administration
Issued
2021-06-01 Implementation
Foreword
Introduction
Scope
Normative references
Terms and definitions
Technical requirements
Dimension requirements
Body pressure distribution requirements
Other ergonomic requirements
5 Test methods
Dimension measurement
Body pressure distribution measurement
Other ergonomic requirements Test||t t||Appendix A (Normative Appendix)
Appendix B (Normative Appendix)
References
Principles and procedures for selection of experiencers
User experience table for children's tables and chairs
GB/T39223.4—2020
Foreword
GB/T39223 "Ergonomic requirements for healthy homes" has been published in the following parts: Part 3: Office desks and chairs;
—Part 4: Children's tables and chairs;
-Part 5: Mattresses;
—Part 6: Sofas
This part is Part 4 of GB/T39223. This part was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009. This part was proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Ergonomics Standardization (SAC/TC7). GB/T39223.4—2020
Drafting units of this part: China National Institute of Standardization, Foshan Hongqiao Furniture Co., Ltd., Foshan Shunde Chuanglian Technology and Standardization Service Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Zhongbiao Hexin (Beijing) Certification Co., Ltd., Anji County Quality and Technical Supervision Inspection Center, Zhejiang Shengao Furniture Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Beijing Century Jingtai Furniture Co., Ltd., Dongguan Boshi Youcheng Furniture Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Two Square Meters Smart Home Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Shutian Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou University, Shandong Guangmingyuandi Children's Furniture Technology Co., Ltd., Iliya (Xiamen) Ecological Development Co., Ltd., Beijing Union University, Xihao Furniture (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Zhongshan Jiwen Furniture Co., Ltd., Guangdong Shunde Yueqiang (Xieqiang) Gas Elastic Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Foshan Youyuan Furniture Co., Ltd., Zhongshan Guanqiang Plastic Products Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this part: Hu Huimin, Zhao Chaoyi, Luo Ling, Zuo Boliang, Zhang Guangya, Lv Wenji, Zhou Yun, Yu Na, Zhao Xinyue, Jing Yao, Ran Linghua, Zhang Xin, Wu Haimei, Gan Rui, Jin Chenyang, Sun Xiaofeng, Zheng Shen, Wang Yang, Zhang Xujun, Du Xiubing, Jiang Zheng, Gan Honggui, Gan Lei, Hu Dongjun, Cai Mengjing, Hong Pu, Li Yinxia, ??Gan Xianyong, Hong Jieyu, Yang Aiping, Luo Huiming, Weng Yonglian, Gan Qiang, Zhou Haibing, Huang Lianqiang III
GB/T39223.4—2020
Introduction
A healthy home is an overall home environment that meets the requirements of physical, psychological and social health and comfort, including furniture, home furnishings and other household products, related physical environment systems such as lighting environment, thermal environment, acoustic environment, odor environment, and other related auxiliary support systems. Healthy homes must not only meet basic product performance quality and safety and environmental protection requirements, but also meet the ergonomic requirements of convenient operation, comfortable use and good experience. With the development of my country's economy and technological progress, in addition to the quality performance and safety and environmental protection of the product itself, people have put forward higher requirements for the humanization and user experience level of the product. Ergonomics aims to design and improve the product and environmental system according to the physiological and psychological characteristics of people, achieve the best match between the human-product-environment system, and ultimately achieve the humanization of the product and environmental system, creating safe, healthy, comfortable and efficient working and living conditions for people. Products that meet the requirements of ergonomics can effectively improve the comfort and use quality of the product and improve the user experience level. Therefore, in addition to meeting the basic performance quality and environmental safety and other standard requirements of the product, the ergonomic requirements that reflect the humanized design of the product and the user experience level have also become a necessary indicator for judging healthy homes. Children's tables and chairs are one of the furniture products that children use the longest for home learning and entertainment and school classes. Domestic and foreign studies have shown that poorly designed children's tables and chairs will directly affect the physical health and learning effects of adolescents, causing myopia, hunchbacks, and affecting bone development. The EU has introduced a new set of "Guidelines for Children's Tables and Chairs" to protect children's back health and improve learning and entertainment effects. It is recommended that schools purchase tables and chairs that meet the principles of ergonomics. Children's tables and chairs that take ergonomics requirements into consideration during the design process will create a good and comfortable learning and entertainment environment for children, which is conducive to children's concentration on learning and reducing the impact of tables and chairs on children's physical and mental health. In addition, correct sitting posture and suitable tables and chairs are also beneficial to protecting children's vision and bone development. Therefore, it is necessary to stipulate the ergonomic technical requirements and evaluation methods for children's tables and chairs that meet the physiological and psychological characteristics of the human body according to the principles of ergonomics, and provide a reference for the design of children's tables and chairs to improve their health, comfort and use experience, so as to meet children's safe, healthy, comfortable and efficient learning and entertainment requirements. V
1 Scope
Ergonomic requirements for healthy homes
Part 4: Children's tables and chairs
This part of GB/T39223 stipulates the ergonomic technical requirements and testing methods for children's tables and chairs. GB/T39223.4—2020
This part applies to adjustable-size learning tables and chairs for children aged 4 to 14 years old that meet basic performance, quality, safety and environmental protection standards.
Normative references
The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For any dated referenced document, only the dated version applies to this document. For any undated referenced document, its latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document GB/T5703-2010 Basic human measurement items for technical design GB/T26158 Human dimensions of Chinese minors 3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1
ergonomics
Human factors
A scientific discipline that studies the interaction between people and other elements in the system, and a profession that applies theories, principles, data and methods to design to optimize the quality of human life and the overall system performance. Note: This definition is consistent with the definition given by the International Ergonomics Association. [ISO26800:2011, definition 2.2]
User experience
userexperience
People's feelings and reactions to the use or expected use of products, systems or services. Note 1: User experience includes all emotional reactions, trust reactions, preference reactions, sensory reactions, physiological and psychological reactions, as well as behaviors and performance of users before, during and after use.
Note 2: User experience is the result of the combined effects of the brand image, appearance characteristics, functional characteristics, system performance, interactive behavior and auxiliary functions of the interactive system, the internal psychological and physiological state formed by the user's previous experience, attitudes, skills and personality characteristics, and the usage scenario. Note 3: From the perspective of the user's personal goal achievement, usability may include the perceptual and emotional aspects that are very relevant to the user experience. Usability standards can be used to evaluate all aspects of user experience. [ISO9241-210:2019, definition 3.15]3.3
heightoftabletop
tabletopheight
theheightofthetabletopnearthechestedgefromtheground.
[GB/T3976—2014, definition 3.2]
GB/T39223.4—2020wwW.bzxz.Net
legroomunderthetable
thespaceunderthetabledisplaybox.
Note: rewriteGB/T3976—2014, definition 3.4.3.5
tabletopwidth
minimumlengthoftabletop
thesizeofthetabletopintheleftandrightdirectionfromthesittingside. [GB/T3976—2014, definition 3.5]
Deep tabletop
minimum depth of table top
The dimension of the tabletop in the front-to-back direction on the seat side. [[GB/T3976—2014, definition 3.6]
inclination angle of table top
The angle between the tiltable part of the tabletop and the horizontal plane3.8
datum plane for seat surface
datum plane for seat surface
The horizontal plane where the lowest point of the load contact surface is located when a load is applied to the seat surface. 3.9
point of backrest
The point on the midline of the chair back that is most convex to the front of the backrest. [GB/T3976—2014, definition 3.9]
3.10
body pressure distribution of seat surface
body pressure distribution of seat surfaceThe pressure distribution between the seat surface and the contact surface with the human body. 4 Technical requirements
Dimension requirements
4.1.1 Dimensions of children's tables
4.1.1.1
Desktop width
Desktop width B (see Figure 1) should provide suitable activity space for children's sitting learning and entertainment activities. The desktop width should not be less than 700mm. 2
Description:
4.1.1.2
Desktop height:
Height of the clearance under the table;
Desktop depth:
Desktop depth;
Desktop width:
Desktop inclination angle.
Desktop depth
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of children's table dimensions
GB/T39223.4—2020
Desktop depth T, (see Figure 1) should consider the arm working area for sitting learning or entertainment activities. The desktop depth should not be less than 450mm. 4.1.1.3
Desktop height
Desktop height H (see Figure 1) should meet the support height of children's elbows when they are sitting, studying and playing. The adjustable range of desktop height should be 540mm~770mm.
4.1.1.4Under-table clearance height
Under-table clearance height H (see Figure 1) should refer to the height of children's knee space and sitting knee height. The adjustable range of under-table clearance height should be 320mm~570mm.
Based on the under-table clearance height, the difference between desktop height and under-table clearance height should not be greater than 220mm. 4.1.1.5
Deep clearance under the table
Deep clearance under the table T, (see Figure 1) should refer to the knee space depth of the child. The clearance depth under the table is designed based on the length of the thigh in the sitting position. The requirements are as follows:
4.1.1.6
Baffles that affect the forward extension of the legs should not be set in the depth direction under the table. If baffles are required, they should not affect the effective activity space of the legs;
The clearance depth under the table should not be less than 450mm;
If the clearance depth under the table is affected by structural safety design, the clearance depth under the table should at least ensure the effective activity area of ??the lower limbs, and the clearance depth under the table should not be less than 380mm.
Desktop inclination
The desktop inclination should be adjustable, and the adjustment mechanism should have a hand-protection mechanism such as a safety lock. SAG
GB/T39223.4—2020
The adjustable range of the tabletop inclination angle shall not be less than 24°. 4.1.2 Dimensions of children's chairs
4.1.2.1
4.1.2.1.1
Seat
Seat height
The seat height SH (see Figure 2) shall be consistent with the sitting height of the child to meet the requirements of comfortable learning and entertainment in a sitting position. The seat height is the vertical distance between the seat reference plane and the ground when the seat bears the load of the 50th percentile child weight (see the 7- to 10-year-old age group in GB/T26158). The design range of the seat height shall meet the following requirements: a)
The seat height range shall be 220mm~460mm; for seats that do not consider preschool children, the seat height range can be 320mm~460mm. SH
Description:
Seat surface height:
—Seat surface reference plane.
2Seat surface height schematic diagram
Figure 2
4.1.2.1.2
2Seat surface width
Seat surface width SW is the distance between the left and right edges at half of the seat depth direction (see Figure 3), which should match the width of the child's sitting hips to meet the comfortable learning and entertainment in the sitting position. The seat surface width should not be less than 400mm.
Description:
4.1.2.1.3
Seat surface width;
Seat surface depth.
Seat depth
1/2SD
3Seat width diagram
Figure 3
GB/T39223.4—2020
Seat depth SD (see Figure 4) should be consistent with the child's sitting hip-chest distance (see 4.4.6 in GB/T5703-2010) to meet the comfortable learning and entertainment in the sitting position. The seat depth is the horizontal distance between the midpoint of the front edge of the seat and the midpoint of the lower edge of the backrest. The seat depth should be within 230mm470mm.
Explanation:
SD——seat depth.
Seat depth diagram
Figure 4
4.1.2.1.4
Seat inclination angle
The seat inclination angle α (see Figure 5) is the angle between the vertical intersection of the backrest point and the seat reference plane and the line connecting the uppermost edge of the front of the seat and the horizontal plane. The seat inclination angle should meet the sitting comfort and safety stability of children when studying or entertaining. The seat inclination angle should be between 0° and 4°.6
Baffles that affect the forward extension of the legs should not be set in the depth direction under the table. If baffles are required, they should not affect the effective activity space of the legs;
The clearance depth under the table should not be less than 450mm;
If the clearance depth under the table is affected by structural safety design, the clearance depth under the table should at least ensure the effective activity area of ??the lower limbs, and the clearance depth under the table should not be less than 380mm.
Desktop inclination
The desktop inclination should be adjustable, and the adjustment mechanism should have a safety lock and other anti-pinch mechanism. SAG
GB/T39223.4—2020
The adjustable range of the desktop inclination should be no less than 24°. 4.1.2 Dimensions of children's chairs
4.1.2.1
4.1.2.1.1
Seat
Seat height
The seat height SH (see Figure 2) should be consistent with the height of the child's sitting posture, and meet the comfortable learning and entertainment requirements in the sitting posture. The seat height is the vertical distance between the seat reference plane and the ground when the seat bears the load of the 50th percentile child's weight (see the 7-year-old to 10-year-old age group in GB/T26158). The design range of the seat height should meet the following requirements: a)
The seat height range should be 220mm~460mm; for seats that do not consider preschool children, the seat height range can be 320mm~460mm. SH
Explanation:
Seat height:
—Seat reference plane.
2 Seat height diagram
Figure 2
4.1.2.1.2
2 Seat width
The seat width SW is the distance between the left and right edges at halfway along the seat depth (see Figure 3). It should match the width of the child's hips when sitting to ensure comfortable learning and entertainment in a sitting position. The seat width should not be less than 400mm.
Note:
4.1.2.1.3
Seat width;
Seat depth.
Seat depth
1/2SD
3Seat width diagram
Figure 3
GB/T39223.4—2020
Seat depth SD (see Figure 4) should be consistent with the child's sitting hip-chest distance (see 4.4.6 in GB/T5703-2010) to meet the comfortable learning and entertainment in the sitting position. The seat depth is the horizontal distance between the midpoint of the front edge of the seat and the midpoint of the lower edge of the backrest. The seat depth should be within 230mm470mm.
Explanation:
SD——seat depth.
Seat depth diagram
Figure 4
4.1.2.1.4
Seat inclination angle
The seat inclination angle α (see Figure 5) is the angle between the vertical intersection of the backrest point and the seat reference plane and the line connecting the uppermost edge of the front of the seat and the horizontal plane. The seat inclination angle should meet the sitting comfort and safety stability of children when studying or entertaining. The seat inclination angle should be between 0° and 4°.6
Baffles that affect the forward extension of the legs should not be set in the depth direction under the table. If baffles are required, they should not affect the effective activity space of the legs;
The clearance depth under the table should not be less than 450mm;
If the clearance depth under the table is affected by structural safety design, the clearance depth under the table should at least ensure the effective activity area of ??the lower limbs, and the clearance depth under the table should not be less than 380mm.
Desktop inclination
The desktop inclination should be adjustable, and the adjustment mechanism should have a safety lock and other anti-pinch mechanism. SAG
GB/T39223.4—2020
The adjustable range of the desktop inclination should be no less than 24°. 4.1.2 Dimensions of children's chairs
4.1.2.1
4.1.2.1.1
Seat
Seat height
The seat height SH (see Figure 2) should be consistent with the height of the child's sitting posture, and meet the comfortable learning and entertainment requirements in the sitting posture. The seat height is the vertical distance between the seat reference plane and the ground when the seat bears the load of the 50th percentile child's weight (see the 7- to 10-year-old age group in GB/T26158). The design range of the seat height should meet the following requirements: a)
The seat height range should be 220mm~460mm; for seats that do not consider preschool children, the seat height range can be 320mm~460mm. SH
Explanation:
Seat height:
—Seat reference plane.
2 Seat height diagram
Figure 2
4.1.2.1.2
2 Seat width
The seat width SW is the distance between the left and right edges at halfway along the seat depth (see Figure 3). It should match the width of the child's hips when sitting to ensure comfortable learning and entertainment in a sitting position. The seat width should not be less than 400mm.
Note:
4.1.2.1.3
Seat width;
Seat depth.
Seat depth
1/2SD
3Seat width diagram
Figure 3
GB/T39223.4—2020
Seat depth SD (see Figure 4) should be consistent with the child's sitting hip-chest distance (see 4.4.6 in GB/T5703-2010) to meet the comfortable learning and entertainment in the sitting position. The seat depth is the horizontal distance between the midpoint of the front edge of the seat and the midpoint of the lower edge of the backrest. The seat depth should be within 230mm470mm.
Explanation:
SD——seat depth.
Seat depth diagram
Figure 4
4.1.2.1.4
Seat inclination angle
The seat inclination angle α (see Figure 5) is the angle between the vertical intersection of the backrest point and the seat reference plane and the line connecting the uppermost edge of the front of the seat and the horizontal plane. The seat inclination angle should meet the sitting comfort and safety stability of children when studying or entertaining. The seat inclination angle should be between 0° and 4°.
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