Some standard content:
GB167981997
The main goal of this standard is to prevent food from being contaminated by harmful and toxic substances and microbial pathogens during the production and processing process, which may cause food to spoil or have harmful effects on the human body. Therefore, the cleanliness and sanitation of production sites such as food factories and workshops, and production equipment are very important. This standard focuses on controlling the safety, non-toxicity and good sanitation of any surface that may come into contact with food during the production and processing process. At the same time, it also takes into account the general safety requirements that food machinery should also have. This standard is proposed by the China Light Industry General Association.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Food Machinery Standardization Technical Committee of the National Technical Committee for Light Industry Machinery Standardization. The drafting units of this standard are: Hangzhou Machinery Design Institute of China Light Industry General Association, Guangdong Light Machinery Group Corporation, and Guangdong Zhaoqing Instrument Valve Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this standard are: Wang Yuanzhen, Lang Huiqin, He Qiwen, and Qiu Shaoliang. 598
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Safety and Sanitation of Food Machinery
Requirements of safety and sanitation for food machineryGB167981997
This standard specifies the safety and sanitation requirements for the material selection, design, manufacturing and configuration principles of food machinery and equipment. This standard applies to food machinery and equipment (hereinafter referred to as equipment), and also to food packaging machinery with product contact surfaces. 2 Cited standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB150—89Steel pressure vessels
GB1173--86Cast aluminum alloys
GB 3190-82
GB 3280--92
GB 3766--83
Chemical composition of aluminum and aluminum alloy productsStainless steel cold-rolled steel plates
General technical conditions for hydraulic systems
Technical conditions for operating parts
GB 4141.33—84E
GB 4807~-84
GB 4808--84
GB 5083--85
GB 5226--85
GB 7932--87
GB 9687--88
GB 9688--88
GB 9689--88
GB 9690-~88
GB 9691--88
GB 9692-88
GB 12075—89
GB 12076---89
GB 14253—93
Sanitary standard for rubber gaskets (rings) for food
Sanitary standard for sealing rings for pressure cookers for food
General principles for safety and sanitation design of production equipment
General technical conditions for machine tools and electrical equipment
General technical conditions for pneumatic systems
Sanitary standard for polyethylene molded products for food packagingSanitary standard for polypropylene molded products for food packagingSanitary standard for polystyrene molded products for food packagingSanitary standard for melamine molded products for food packagingSanitary standard for polyethylene resin for food packaging
Sanitary standard for polystyrene resin for food packagingStainless steel pipes and fittings for food industryStainless steel pipesStainless steel pipes and fittings for food industryStainless steel threaded pipesGeneral technical conditions for light industry machinery
QB/T 2003—1994
QB/T 2004-1994
Stainless steel butt welded pipe fittings for food industry Stainless steel clamp bushings with washers for food industry Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on May 28, 1997 and implemented on May 1, 1998
3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Products
GB16798--1997
Food raw materials and their products of various depths. 3.2 Working air
Clean air used for heating, cooling, drying, conveying or testing the sealing of equipment. 3.3 Product contact surface
Surfaces that are directly or indirectly exposed to and in contact with the product during product handling, processing and packaging according to their functional requirements. 3.4 Non-product contact surfaces
Other exposed surfaces in the area surrounding the product, which are usually not in contact with the product, however, may come into direct or indirect contact with the product due to leakage, spillage, equipment damage, human touch, etc. 3.5 Product area
A space within which product processing is carried out. This area contains various units and their edge sections that are directly or indirectly in contact with the product.
3.6 Main process equipment
Equipment with product contact surfaces for product pretreatment, processing, storage, transportation and packaging. 3.7 Auxiliary equipment
Equipment that is often or periodically located within the product area according to functional requirements but does not have a product contact surface. 3.8 Easy to clean and inspect
No special means are required, and no special training is required for operators. The equipment can be cleaned and its safety and sanitation inspection can be completed in a short time using water, detergents, and disinfectants. 3.9 Inspection cleaning
Cleaning work done to assess surface quality using appearance methods. 4 Materials and their hygiene
4.1 Structural materials used for product contact surfaces of major food production equipment (hereinafter referred to as materials) must meet the following basic requirements:
a) be easy to clean and disinfect and comply with food hygiene standards; b) do not contain harmful substances or substances that exceed the amounts specified in food hygiene standards and are harmful to human health; c) when materials come into contact with products, they should not produce harmful substances or substances that exceed the amounts specified in food hygiene standards and are harmful to human health due to interaction.
4.2 The materials must also meet the following requirements:
a) When the materials come into contact with the product, the interaction should not produce substances that contaminate the product, affect the product's odor, color and quality, or have an adverse effect on the product processing process; b) The materials should be resistant to heat, chemicals and mechanical effects to facilitate cleaning and disinfection; c) The types or quantities of compounds formed on the surface of the materials or deep inside the materials when the products, detergents and disinfectants interact with the materials should not result in the need for additional processing of the equipment to remove these compounds; d) The color of the materials should not pose difficulties in assessing the quality of the product or the degree of contamination; e) In order to adapt to different uses, many materials used for parts with product contact surfaces should have good processing properties (such as bendability, machinability, weldability, surface hardness, grindability and polishability, etc.), good thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, resistance to liquid penetration, etc.
4.3 Structural materials for manufacturing product contact surfaces 600
4.3.1 Stainless steel
GB16798-1997
The profile is easy to stretch and bend, has good welding performance, is non-toxic, non-absorbent, has strong corrosion resistance, is insoluble in food solutions, does not produce metal ions that damage the flavor of the product, has good resistance to liquid penetration, and can be polished. The appearance is bright, beautiful and easy to clean. It is also commonly used for external protection and decoration of equipment, which is conducive to maintaining a good hygienic state. It is recommended to use stainless steel grades such as 0Cr19Ni9, OCr18Ni12Mo2Ti specified in GB3280 or stainless steel with similar properties to the above materials, such as 1Cr18Ni9Ti. Stainless steel pipes and fittings for the food industry should comply with the relevant provisions of GB12075. 4.3.2 Aluminum alloy
Should have a certain corrosion resistance, be non-toxic and non-absorbent. Used for parts with complex shapes and product contact surfaces. It is recommended to use aluminum alloys ZL104 and LY12 in GB1173 and GB3190 or aluminum alloys with similar performance. The content of arsenic, cadmium and lead should not exceed 0.01%.
4.3.3 Plastics
Plastics used for product contact surfaces should be non-toxic, have no odor that affects the product, be wear-resistant, and be able to maintain their inherent form, shape, color, transparency, toughness, elasticity, size and other characteristics under cleaning, disinfection and working conditions, and should meet the relevant hygiene requirements of GB9687~~GB9692. Commonly used to make endoscopes, elastic joints, heat insulation, filtration, sealing and certain parts. 4.3.4 Rubber
Rubber products with product contact surfaces shall comply with the hygienic requirements of GB4807 and GB4808. They shall be heat-resistant, acid-resistant, alkali-resistant and oil-resistant in the working environment, be acceptable for normal cleaning and disinfection, insoluble, non-toxic, non-absorbent, and shall not have odors that affect the product. 4.3.5 Welding materials
shall have performance requirements similar to those of the materials being welded, shall form a tight and solid organization in the welding area, and shall be non-toxic and corrosion-resistant. 4.4 Materials with certain inherent functions used for specific purposes 4.4.1 Graphite and ceramics
shall be inert, non-permeable, non-toxic, non-soluble, scratch-resistant, and able to withstand the effects of the surrounding environment and media without changing their inherent form during cleaning and sterilization under given working conditions. Commonly used in sealing, etc. 4.4.2 Fiber materials
Cotton fiber, wood fiber, linen, silk, polyurethane and artificial fiber, etc. It should be non-toxic, free of falling matter, insoluble in water, non-reactive with the product, and free of any smell that affects the product. It is often used as filter material, screen material, and elastic connection material. 4.4.3 Heat-resistant glass
Used for sight glasses and light entrances.
4.4.4 Filter media
Cotton fiber, wood fiber, metal wire, activated carbon, activated alumina, diatomaceous earth, and semi-permeable membranes for the food industry. The filter media can be composed of several types at the same time. Under working conditions, it should be non-toxic, free of falling matter, free of toxic volatiles or other substances that may pollute the air and products, and should not have any smell that affects the product.
4.4.5 Adhesive material
Under working conditions, it should be able to ensure that the bonding surface has sufficient strength and tightness, good thermal stability, and should be non-toxic, non-volatile, non-soluble, and free of any smell that affects the product.
4.5 In food equipment, the materials used to make product contact surfaces and covering layers in contact with products (hereinafter referred to as covering layers) shall comply with the requirements of relevant national health regulations. Lead, zinc and their alloys shall not be used to make product contact surfaces or as covering layers. Cadmium, nickel, chromium, porcelain, foamed plastics and phenolic-based plastics shall not be used as covering layers; materials containing glass fiber and asbestos shall not be used; wood (except for hardwood cutting boards used to split raw materials and special occasions for wine production) glass and products with colored wax coatings shall not be used; copper and its alloys shall generally not be used to make product contact surfaces or covering layers. When the amount of compounds produced by the surface layer during production does not cause the copper ion content in the product to exceed 5×10-6, it may be used. 4.6 Non-product contact surfaces should be made of corrosion-resistant materials, and materials with surface coatings that are corrosion-resistant are also allowed. If the surface is coated, the coating should adhere firmly. The non-product contact surface should have good anti-absorption and anti-penetration capabilities, and be durable and washable. 601
5 Safety and sanitation of equipment structure
GB16798—1997
5.1 The equipment structure, product delivery pipeline and connection parts should not have depressions and dead corners where products are retained. 5.2 Reliable seals should be set at the places where external parts extend into the product area to prevent product contamination. Any bearings that come into contact with the product should be non-lubricated; if lubricated bearings are in the product area, there must be reliable sealing devices around the bearings to prevent product contamination.
5.3 The product area should be isolated from the outside world, and in some cases, at least a protective cover should be added to prevent foreign objects from falling in or pests from invading. The working air filter should ensure that dust larger than 5μm cannot pass through. 5.4 The equipment should be equipped with safe and hygienic loading and unloading operation structures. 5.5 Parts and fasteners such as bolts and nuts should be reliably fixed to prevent loosening and should not fall off due to vibration. 5.6 Rubber parts and plastic parts (such as sealing gaskets and mirror rubber frames that need to be fixed) bonded on the product contact surface should be bonded continuously to ensure that they will not fall off under normal working conditions (cleaning, heating, pressurization). 5.7 Protective covers should be set for moving parts such as gears, belts, chains, friction wheels, etc. of mechanical equipment to make it difficult for any part of the human body to touch them during operation.
5.8 The electrical system of mechanical equipment should comply with the provisions of GB5226 on electrical system safety and be easy to repair and operate. The insulation resistance between the short-circuited power circuit (including the control circuit and signal circuit connected to the power circuit) and the protective circuit (including the base) wire should not be less than 1M2. Electrical equipment must withstand a 1min withstand voltage test, and the test voltage should be equal to 85% of the factory withstand voltage test value of the components and devices, but not less than 1500V. All exposed conductor parts of electrical equipment and mechanical equipment (including the base) must be connected to the special terminal for protective grounding. The resistance between the external protective wire terminal and any exposed conductor part of the electrical equipment and the housing of the mechanical equipment should not be greater than 0.1. The circuits and motors of mechanical equipment, the selection of secondary instruments and operation control units placed on the equipment, as well as their wiring and installation, should take into account the specific requirements of waterproof, dustproof or explosion-proof in their specific working environment. 5.9 Equipment with pressure and high temperature inner cavity should be equipped with overpressure relief devices such as safety valves and pressure relief valves, and automatic alarm devices should be configured when necessary. The action pressure and various indicators of the safety devices on pressure equipment should comply with the relevant provisions of GB150. 5.10 The safe operating parameters of each mechanical equipment, such as rated pressure, rated voltage, maximum heating temperature, etc., should be marked on the nameplate. 5.11 Manhole covers, tank covers on storage, and protective covers of rotating parts that may be opened frequently, which have potential dangerous factors on the equipment and may pose a threat to personal and equipment safety, should have interlocking devices. 5.12 Manhole covers of various cavities, rooms, tanks, and towers shall not be automatically locked. The manhole diameter shall be at least 450mm, or an ellipse of 380mm×510mm or more, and the manhole cover shall generally open outwards. For vertical or horizontal storage tanks with a height of more than 2㎡, the manhole covers at the bottom and sides should be opened inwards and designed to be elliptical for easy removal and installation. 5.13 For equipment equipped with ladders and operating platforms, the materials and structures of the table tops and ladder pedals should have anti-slip properties. Ladders parallel to the tower wall and tank wall should be equipped with equidistant treads, and the spacing between the treads should not be greater than 350mm; the distance between the treads and the tower wall and tank wall should not be less than 165mm. After installation and fixation, the distance between the front of the ladder and the nearest fixed object shall not be less than 750mm. 5.14 Ladders should be equipped with safety guardrails at locations above 3m in height, and guardrails should be installed on the operating platform. The height of the guardrail shall not be less than 1050mm. The area of the operating platform shall not be less than 1m2. The narrowest point shall not be less than 750mm. 5.15 The outer surface of the machinery should be smooth, without edges and corners, and without spikes. 5.16 Under normal operation, the noise of the equipment should not exceed 85dB(A). 5.17 During the working process, when the operator's hands often come into contact with the product, starting and stopping should not be manually operated, but should be controlled by foot or knee switches.
5.18 The structure of the operating parts should be advanced and reasonable, and its technical requirements should comply with the provisions of GB4141.33. The operating force of the handwheel and handle that are frequently used should be uniform. The operating force can refer to the recommended value of GB14253, see Table 1.602
Manipulation method
With fingers
With palm
With palm and arm
With both hands
GB16798--1997
Table 1 Manipulation force
Type of operating partwww.bzxz.net
Joystick
60(150)
90(200)
Note: The values in brackets in the table are applicable to manipulators that are not frequently used. 6 Cleanability of equipment structure
Handwheel, steering wheel
40(150)
60(250)
120(200)
6.1 The product area is easy to open, and the disassembly and installation of parts that cannot be automatically cleaned in this area must be simple and convenient. N
6.2 Non-detachable parts should be automatically cleanable; when cleaning is allowed without disassembly, their structure should be easy to clean and achieve good cleaning effect.
6.3 Grooves, corners and fillets in the product area should be easy to clean. 6.3.1 The width of the groove for placing the sealing ring and the keyway in contact with the product shall not be less than the depth. If the installation allows, the width of the groove shall be greater than 6.5mm.
6.3.2 Any internal angle equal to or less than 135° on the product contact surface shall be processed into a fillet. 6.3.3 The fillet radius shall not be less than 6.5 mm, except for the following cases: a) The fillet radius of overlapping joints (welding or bonding), welded strips, keyway inner corners, and gasket placement grooves shall not be less than 1.5 mm; b) The fillet radius of the inner corners of guide valves, one-way valves, three-way valves, and stop valves shall not be less than 1.6 mm; c) The minimum fillet radius of throttle valves, air diversion devices, valves, etc. shall not be less than 0.8mm; d) Material pumps, pressure gauges, flow meters, liquid level indicators, etc., due to the functional requirements, the fillet radius must be less than 0.8mm, which should be easy to touch, easy to clean and inspect manually. 6.4 Surface quality and requirements of product contact surfaces 6.4.1 The surface roughness R. value of stainless steel plates and tubes in contact with products shall not be greater than 1.6μm; the surface roughness R. value of plastic products and rubber products shall not be greater than 0.8um.
6.4.2 Product contact surfaces shall not be painted or treated with coating and plating processes that damage the hygiene of the product. 6.4.3 Product contact surfaces shall be free of pits, defects, cracks, and silky stripes. 6.4.4 The roughness R. value of non-product contact surfaces shall not be greater than 3.2um, and there shall be no defects or cracks. If electroplating and painting are required, the plated surface and the painted surface shall be firmly combined with the base and not easy to fall off. The resulting surface shall be beautiful, durable, and easy to clean. 6.4.5 For parts that have both product contact surfaces and non-product contact surfaces and need to be disassembled for cleaning, paint shall not be sprayed. 6.4.6 Surfaces used for heating working air shall be made of corrosion-resistant metal materials or plated. Paint shall not be used. If they are parts that need to be cleaned, they shall be made of stainless steel.
6.4.7 The surface of soft joints in contact with products shall be straight and free of wrinkles. 6.4.8 All joints on product contact surfaces shall be smooth and easy to clean automatically after assembly. Permanent joints shall not be welded discontinuously, and the welds shall be smooth without pits or pinholes. They shall be ground, sandblasted or polished, and their R value shall not be greater than 3.2μm. Welds on non-product contact surfaces shall be welded continuously, and the welds shall be smooth without pits or pinholes. 603
6.4.9 Overlap welding is permitted in the following cases:
GB16798—1997
a) Side walls with an inclination angle of 15° to 45° in the vertical direction; b) Horizontal upper surfaces that can be mechanically cleaned; c) The thickness of the welding material for overlap welding does not exceed 0.4mm. 6.4.10 If the thickness of one of the materials to be welded is less than 5mm, welding with fillet strips is permitted. 6.4.11 The welds on the working air contact surface should be continuous and tight, and unfiltered air should not be allowed to penetrate, and no sanitary dead corners should be formed. 2 Water-absorbent pads shall not be used on the parts that come into contact with the product. 6.4.12
For parts that need to be cleaned manually, the structure should ensure that the operator's hands can reach the required cleaning range. 4 The bottom of the equipment (such as barrels, tanks, troughs, pots) should have a certain slope towards the discharge outlet to facilitate the draining of the cleaning liquid. The horizontal 6.4.14
section of the exhaust pipe should be tilted downward by no less than 2.5° so that the condensed liquid on it can only flow outward. 6.4.15 For evaporation and concentration devices heated by stainless steel coils, if there is no automatic cleaning device, the coil setting should meet the following requirements:
a) The distance between the coils is greater than or equal to 70mm; b) The distance between the coils and the inner wall is greater than or equal to 80mm; c) The distance between each row of coils is greater than or equal to 90mm. 7 Disassembly of equipment
7.1 The parts of the equipment that need to be disassembled and cleaned should be easily disassembled without the use of special tools. It should be easy to operate when reinstalled. Therefore, it is recommended to use stainless steel pipes and accessories for food industry, stainless steel threaded pipe fittings (GB12076), stainless steel butt welded pipe fittings for food industry (QB/T2003) and stainless steel clamp bushings with washers for food industry (QB/T2004) in material pipeline connection, and their technical requirements should comply with the standards.
7.2 The clamping mechanism should use butterfly nuts and buckles operated by a single handle. 7.3 The covers and doors of various containers should be easy to disassemble and easy to clean. 8 Convenience of equipment safety and sanitation inspection
8.1 Parts in the product area should be easy to check after cleaning. 8.2 Special parts that need to be cleaned must be easy to disassemble and inspect. 8.3 The installation of accessories or parts should make it easy for operators to see whether they are installed correctly. 9 Equipment installation configuration
9.1 The layout of the equipment relative to the ground, walls and other equipment, the configuration and fixation of the equipment pipelines, and the connection of the equipment and the sewage system should not hinder the implementation and inspection of sanitation and cleaning work, nor should they pose a threat to product safety and sanitation. 9.2 The configuration and connection locations of the pipe supports that transport media different from the product (such as hydraulic oil, refrigerant, etc.) should be able to avoid contamination of the product due to accidental failure or leakage during operation, and should not hinder the cleaning and sanitation of the equipment. 9.3 The insulation materials used in the equipment or installation should not pollute the atmosphere and the product. It is strictly prohibited to use glass fiber and slag wool as insulation materials on any surface or in the interlayer when they are in direct contact with the production workshop and may pose a threat to the hygiene of the product. 6042 The configuration and connection locations of the pipe supports that transport media different from the product (such as hydraulic oil, refrigerant, etc.) should be able to avoid contamination of the product due to accidental failure or leakage during operation, and should not hinder the cleaning and sanitation of the equipment. 9.3 The insulation materials used in the equipment or installation should not pollute the atmosphere and the product. It is strictly prohibited to use glass fiber and slag wool as insulation materials on any surface or in the interlayer when they are in direct contact with the production workshop and may pose a threat to the hygiene of the product. 6042 The configuration and connection locations of the pipe supports that transport media different from the product (such as hydraulic oil, refrigerant, etc.) should be able to avoid contamination of the product due to accidental failure or leakage during operation, and should not hinder the cleaning and sanitation of the equipment. 9.3 The insulation materials used in the equipment or installation should not pollute the atmosphere and the product. It is strictly prohibited to use glass fiber and slag wool as insulation materials on any surface or in the interlayer when they are in direct contact with the production workshop and may pose a threat to the hygiene of the product. 604
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