GB/T 16172-1996 Test method for heat release rate of building materials
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Test method for heat release rate of building materials
Test method for heat release rate of building materialsGB/T 16172—1996
This standard is not equivalent to ISO5660-1:1993 "Fire tests—Reaction to fire—Heat release rate of building products". 1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the test method for determining the heat release rate of combustion of test specimens under specific thermal radiation conditions. This standard is applicable to the determination of heat release rate of building materials with a thickness of 6 to 50 mm and a basically flat surface. Non-building materials can also be used as a reference.
2 Terminology
2.1 Material
A single material, composite material or component to be tested. 2.2 Homogeneous material A single substance or a uniformly distributed mixture, such as metal, wood, mineral fiber, etc. 2.3 Composite material composite
A composite material composed of two or more single materials, such as materials with surface coatings, laminated materials, etc. 2.4 Assembly
A product made of single materials and (or) composite materials, which may contain air gaps, such as sandwich panels, etc. 2.5 Exposed surface exposed surface
The surface of the sample exposed to the test radiation heating conditions. 2.6 Irradiance irradiance
The radiant energy flux incident on the surface element at a certain point on the surface of the sample divided by the area of the surface element, kW/m2. 2.7 Transitory flaming A flame with a duration of between 1 and 4 seconds on or above the surface of the sample. 2.8 Sustained flaming A flame with a duration of more than 4 seconds on or above the surface of the sample. 2.9 Orientation
The position where the sample is placed during the test, plumb or horizontal. 2.10 Oxygen consumption principle Generally speaking, the heat released by a material during combustion is proportional to the mass of oxygen consumed. For most materials, this ratio is 13.10×10 kJ/kg (0,), with a variation range of ±5%. 3 Test principle
According to the oxygen consumption principle, the sample is placed under specified external thermal radiation conditions (radiant illumination is 0-100 kW/m), and the heat release rate of the material is calculated by measuring the oxygen concentration in the combustion products and the exhaust flow rate. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on March 5, 1996, and implemented on September 1, 1996
4 Requirements for test materials
4.1 Surface flatness
4.1.1 The surface of the material shall meet one of the following conditions: GB/T16172-1996
a. The exposed surface is basically flat, with an unevenness of less than ±1 mmb. The unevenness on the exposed surface is evenly distributed, and at least 50% of the surface in a representative area of 100 mm × 100 mm is within 10 mm of the plane formed by the highest point of the exposed surface; or the total area of the gaps or holes on the surface with a width of no more than 8 mm and a depth of no more than 10 mm shall not exceed 30% of the exposed surface area. 4.1.2 When the exposed surface cannot meet the conditions of 4.1.1, it shall be processed as much as possible according to the requirements of 4.1.1 and recorded in detail in the test report.
4.2 Asymmetry
When the two surfaces of a material or product are made of different materials or contain different material layers arranged in different orders and present asymmetry, if the actual use surface can be determined, this surface can be used as the exposed surface for testing, otherwise both surfaces should be tested. 5 Specimens and preparation
5.1 Specimens
5.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, at least three specimens should be prepared for testing for each selected radiation illuminance and exposed surface. 5.1.2 The specimen should be able to characterize the characteristics of the material or product, and its size should be a square of 100mm×100mm. 5.1.3 For materials or components with a thickness of 6 to 50mm, the actual thickness should be taken; for materials with a thickness greater than 50mm, the thickness should be cut from the non-exposed surface side to reach 50_°mm; for thin materials with a thickness less than 6mm, a substrate that can represent its actual use conditions should be added during the test so that the total specimen thickness is not less than 6mm. If the non-exposed surface of the material is in contact with the air during use, there should be at least a 12mm air layer between the non-exposed surface of the specimen and the heat-resistant fiber pad during the test. This can be achieved by using a metal spacer.
5.1.4 When cutting a specimen from a material with an irregular surface, the highest point of the surface should be at the center of the specimen. 5.1.5 If the material or composite material is in contact with a specific substrate during use, the substrate should also be added during the test. The fixing method can be bonding or mechanical fixing.
5.2 Specimen Conditioning
Before the test, the specimen should be cured at a temperature of 23±2℃ and a relative humidity of (50±5)% to a constant mass (that is, in two weighings 24 hours apart, the difference in the mass of the specimen does not exceed 0.1% of the mass of the specimen or 0.1g, whichever is greater). 5.3 Sample preparation
Wrap the non-exposed surface of the cured sample with a single layer of aluminum foil with a thickness of 0.03~~0.05mm, and then put it back into the environment specified in Article 5.2 until the test.
6 Test load
6.1 Radiation cone
The radiation cone is composed of an armored electric heating tube wound into a truncated cone shape and assembled in a double-layer heat-resistant alloy cone sleeve (see Figure 4), and the inner and outer cone shells are filled with insulation fibers with a density of 100kg/m. The connection between the radiation cone and the support should be hinged so that it can be placed horizontally or turned into a plumb position.
The heat flux generated by the radiation cone on the sample surface is regulated and controlled by the thermocouple installed on the radiation cone and the automatic temperature monitoring instrument connected to it. The three thermocouples for monitoring and controlling the temperature of the radiation cone should be K-grade armored thermocouples with an outer diameter of 1.0~~1.6mm for non-exposed hot nodes or 3mm for exposed hot nodes. The connection between the thermocouple and the heating tube is crimping. The three thermocouples should have the same length, be evenly distributed on the cone, and be connected to the temperature controller in parallel. The rated power of the radiation cone is 5kW, and it should be able to generate 0-100kW/m2 of radiant illumination on the surface of the sample. When positioned horizontally, the deviation between the radiant illumination within the range of 50mm×50mm in the center of the sample t6i0
GB/T 16172—1996
and the radiant illumination at the center shall not exceed ±2%, and the deviation shall not exceed ±10% when positioned vertically.
6.2 Balance
Range 500g, accuracy ±0.1g.
6.3 Sample mounting frame
6.3.1 A layer of low-density heat-resistant fiber mat with a thickness of at least 13mm should be placed at the bottom of the horizontal sample frame (see Figure 5). The distance between the bottom of the radiation cone and the exposed surface of the specimen can be adjusted to 25 mm by changing the height of the radiation cone (see Figure 4). 6.3.2 The plumb specimen holder (Figure 6) is provided with a droplet trough for holding a small amount of melt. The specimen is placed in the plumb specimen holder, and a layer of low-density heat-resistant fiber is used as the specimen pad, with a thickness of at least 13 mm. Then a calcium silicate liner is placed, and its thickness is suitable for fixing the entire specimen together once the elastic steel wire clamp is inserted. When plumb positioning, the height of the cone should be adjusted so that the axis of the radiation cone is aligned with the center of the exposed surface of the specimen.
6.3.3 The specimen holder (Figure 7) and the grid frame (Figure 8) are used to limit the expansion of the specimen during horizontal positioning tests, reduce non-representative edge burning of composite materials, and fix specimens with a tendency to delaminate. The grid frame is also suitable for plumb positioning tests. 6.4 Exhaust system
6.4.1 The exhaust system consists of a fan, a fume hood, the air intake and exhaust ducts of the fan, and an orifice flowmeter (Figure 9). The flow rate range of the exhaust system is 0.012m2/s~~0.035m2/s. 6.4.2 A throttling orifice plate (inner diameter 57mm) should be installed at the interface between the smoke hood and the air inlet pipe to improve the gas mixing degree. 6.4.3 The annular sampler should be installed in the air inlet duct 685mm away from the smoke hood (Figure 9). There should be 12 small holes on the sampler to homogenize the air flow components; the small holes are opposite to the air flow direction to avoid soot deposition. 6.4.4 The exhaust flow rate should be determined by measuring the pressure difference on both sides of the sharp-edged orifice plate 350mm above the fan. The inner diameter of the sharp-edged orifice plate is 57mm.
6.4.5 The temperature of the air flow should be determined by the diameter of 1.0~～1.The gas sampling system is shown in Figure 10, including an annular sampler, sampling pump, filter, cooling, exhaust gas discharge, moisture filter and CO2 filter.
6.6 Ignitor
An electric spark igniter powered by a 10kV transformer is used for external ignition, with a spark gap of 3mm. When positioned horizontally, the spark gap should be 13mm above the center of the sample surface; when positioned vertically, it should be 5mm above the sample holder in the plane of the exposed surface of the sample. Regardless of the positioning condition, the igniter should be quickly removed when a continuous flame appears. 6.7 Ignition timer
The indication resolution of the timer is 1s, and the timing error is less than 1s/h. 6.8 Oxygen analyzer
Use a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer with a range of 0%~25%0. The oxygen analyzer should have a linear response, and the drift within 30 minutes should not be greater than ±50×10-°02. The response time from 10% to 90% of the range should be less than 12s. 6.9 Temperature monitor
The temperature controller should be able to automatically adjust and control the temperature within the range of 0~1000℃, and the setting resolution and temperature control accuracy should be ±2℃, and it should be equipped with an automatic cold end compensator for thermocouples. The temperature display instrument should have a range of 0~1100℃, and the indication resolution is ±2℃. 7 Auxiliary equipment
7.1 Heat flow meter
A Cardon-type foil (or thermopile) heat flow meter should be used, with a design range of 0~～120kW/m, a radiation receiving target with a diameter of 12.5mm, and a durable matte black coating on the surface. The radiation receiving target is water-cooled. The accuracy of the heat flux meter is ±3% and the repeatability is 161
±0.5%.
GB/T16172—1996
The heat flux meter is used to calibrate the radiation illumination of the radiation cone. The radiation illumination should not pass through any window hole when reaching the receiving target. During calibration, regardless of the positioning, the radiation receiving target should be located at a position equivalent to the center of the sample surface. Two heat flux meters should be prepared, one for calibration and one for comparison. 7.2 Calibration burner
In order to calibrate the response of the entire test system, a brass tube with a square opening and a square cross section is used as a calibration burner (see Figure 2 or Figure 3). The square opening is covered with a metal mesh to diffuse the gas, and the tube is filled with ceramic fiber (density is about 65kg/m2) to improve the uniformity of the gas flow. The gas should be methane with a purity of more than 99.5%. 7.3 Data acquisition system
The data acquisition system should be able to record the output of instruments such as oxygen analyzers, orifice flowmeters, and thermocouples. The accuracy of the oxygen measurement channel should reach 50×10~602, the temperature measurement channel should reach 0.5℃, and the other measurement channels should be 0.01% of the full range of the instrument output. The system should have the capacity to collect data for at least 1 hour at a cycle of 5s. The sampling cycle of the data acquisition system should be calibrated with a timer with an accuracy of 1 s/h.
8 Test environment
The test should be carried out in an environment without obvious airflow disturbance. The relative humidity of the air should be between 20% and 80%, and the temperature should be between 15 and 30℃.
9 Calibration of test instruments
9.1 Calibration of radiation cone
Before the start of each test, when changing the positioning mode or the radiation illuminance, the radiation illuminance generated by the radiation cone shall be measured with a heat flux meter, and the setting value of the temperature controller shall be adjusted accordingly to achieve the required radiation illuminance. Before calibration, the power supply of the radiation cone shall be turned on, and the temperature controller shall be set within the working range roughly equivalent to the required radiation illuminance. Calibration can be started at least 10 minutes later.
9.2 Calibration of oxygen analyzer
9.2.1 Pre-calibration
The lag time of the oxygen analyzer shall be determined by inputting methane gas with a heat release rate of 5kW into the calibration burner and burning it. The lag time is the average of the connection lag and the disconnection lag. The connection lag refers to the difference between the time when the temperature reading reaches 50% of its final deviation and the time when the oxygen concentration reading reaches 50% of its final deviation after the gas source is connected and ignited. The disconnection hysteresis refers to the difference in time for the temperature and oxygen concentration readings to drop to 50% of their final deviations after the gas source is disconnected. The oxygen concentration value corrected by the hysteresis time should be used when calculating the heat release rate. The radiation cone should not work during calibration.
9.2.2 Working calibration
Before the test, the oxygen analyzer should be zeroed and calibrated. When zeroing, input nitrogen and adjust the indication of the oxygen analyzer to 0; when calibrating, input a fixed proportion of nitrogen and oxygen mixed gas or air, and adjust the indication of the oxygen analyzer to the corresponding concentration value. When using air, it is adjusted to 20.95%. Whether in zeroing or calibration, the pressure and flow of the input gas should be consistent with the test sampling. 9.3 Calibration of heat release rate
9.3.1 The calibration of heat release rate shall be carried out before the test. Methane shall be input into the calibration burner at a flow rate equivalent to a heat release rate of 5 kW (this flow rate can be obtained by using a calibrated flow meter based on the net heat of combustion of methane of 50.0×103 kJ/kg). Dry or wet flow meters or electronic mass flow controllers can be used to adjust and control the gas flow. The flow meter shall be equipped with a device to measure the temperature and pressure of the gas flow so that corresponding data corrections can be made. During calibration, the radiation cone can be either on or off, but should not be in its heating stage. 9.3.2 Calibrate at least once a month using methane equivalent to a heat release rate of 10 kW in accordance with the requirements of 9.3.1. The heat release rate value obtained when calibrating 10 kW with a device calibrated for 5 kW should be within the range of 10 kW ± 5%. 162
10 Test procedure
10.1 Test preparation
GB/T 16172-1996
10.1.1 Check the CO and moisture filters, replace the filter media if necessary, and drain the condensate in the cold trap. 10.1.2 Turn on the power supply of the instruments and equipment. 10.1.3 Set the exhaust flow rate to 0.024±0.002m/s. If other flow rates are used, they should be stated in the report. 10.1.4 Perform the calibration specified in Chapter 10. 10.1.5 If external ignition is used, insert the igniter in the position corresponding to the selected positioning method. 10.1.6 Record the mass of the sample and place it in the corresponding sample rack for use. 10.2 Test steps
10.2.1 Insert the sample rack and igniter containing the sample into the specified position, start ignition timing and data collection, and the sampling period should be equal to or shorter than 5s.
10.2.2 Record the time when the flash fire or short flame appears. When the continuous flame appears, record the time, turn off the ignition power supply and remove the igniter. If the flame goes out less than 60s after the igniter is withdrawn, reinsert the igniter and ignite. If the flame appears again, stop the test, invalidate the test data, and repeat the test without removing the igniter until the entire test is completed. Record the above situation in the test report. 10.2.3 When any sign of burning disappears for 2 minutes or the test has lasted for 60 minutes, stop data collection, remove the sample and sample rack, and immediately weigh the residual mass of the sample. Observe and record the physical changes of the sample, such as melting, expansion, and bursting. 10.2.4 If the sample has not been ignited and shows no signs of heat release after 10 minutes, the test shall be terminated. 10.2.5 For each sample, three samples shall be tested repeatedly under the selected irradiance and positioning mode, and the 180s average heat release rate values of the three samples shall be compared. If the difference between one of them and the average value of the three exceeds 10%, three more samples must be tested. In this case, the arithmetic mean of the six average values shall be reported. 11 Calculation
11.1 Calibration constant for oxygen consumption analysis
Methane calibration should be carried out frequently to check whether the device is normal (if the difference between a calibration result and the previous calibration value exceeds 5%, it indicates that there may be a problem with the device). The calibration constant C is calculated by the following formula:
T, 1.105 -1. 5Xo2
C = (12. 54 ×10) × 1. 10 p
X- Xo2
where 10.0 corresponds to the 10 kW of methane input, 12.54 × 103 is the △h/r value of methane, and 1.10 is the molar mass ratio of oxygen to air.
11.2 Heat release rate
11.2.1 Before performing other calculations, the following formula should be used to correct for the lag time of the oxygen analyzer: Xoz(t) X'o2(t + td)
11.2.2 The heat release rate g(t) is calculated by the following formula: q(t）=
Ahe)×1.10·c.
Xo2 Xo2
N T. 1. 105 1. 5Xo2
Wherein, the △h/r of the specimen. The value can generally be taken as 13.10×103, unless a more accurate value is known. 11.2.3 The heat release rate per unit area can be calculated by the following formula: q\(t) = q(t)/A.
11.2.4 The calculation formula for the average heat release rate of 180s and 300s is as follows: [q\i(t) + q\n+1(t)]At/2 -+q\180
Lg\(t)Az
....( 3)
·（4）
·（5)
Wherein, n=180/△t, or n=300/△t. GB/T 16172-1996
[g\ (t) + q\n+1(t)]At/2
...( 6)
For specimens that do not exhibit a sustained burning flame, the next value after the start of the test and after the last negative heat release rate value is used as the starting value to calculate the values of the time periods listed above. If the test is completed before 180s, all remaining collection points are set to 0, but the number of collection points used to calculate the average value remains unchanged. Note: When testing some specimens, no visible sustained flame appears, but a non-zero heat release rate value is indeed displayed. Usually, there will be negative output values because the data output fluctuates around zero before the specimen begins to burn. 11.3 Mass flow rate in the exhaust duct
Mass flow rate m in the exhaust duct. Given by the following formula: me
11.4 Average effective heat of combustion
11.5 Symbol
Area of exposed surface of the sample (m);
C—Calibration constant of oxygen consumption analysis (ml/2kgl/2K1/2); Ah. Net heat of combustion (kJ/g)
Aheeff
Average effective heat of combustion (kJ/g);
-initial mass of the sample (kg);
mz~residual mass of the sample (kg);
Exhaust mass flow rate (kg/s);
Pressure difference on both sides of an orifice plate (Pa);
g(t)Heat release rate (kW);
g\(t)—Heat release rate per unit area (kW /m\);q\max—-maximum heat release rate (kW /m\); Mi(t)at
g\180-——average heat release rate per unit area within 180s after the sample is ignited (kW/m2); 9\300—average heat release rate per unit area within 300s after the sample is ignited (kW/m*); q\to.---total heat release per unit area of the sample during the test (MJ/m); ro~~chemical equivalent ratio of oxygen to fuel;
t-——time (s);
td—lag time of oxygen analyzer (s);
ignition time (s);
△t———sampling interval (s);
Tabsolute temperature of gas at the flow meter orifice (K), Xoz—instantaneous value of oxygen concentration (uncorrected); Xinitial value of oxygen concentration
X. 2—oxygen concentration value after lag time correction. 16.1
(8)
12 Test report
The test report shall generally include the following contents:
Laboratory name and address;
Name and address of the commissioned test unit;
Name and address of the material manufacturer;
Test date and tester;
GB/T 16172—1996
Name and basic properties of materials or products, such as structure, composition, density, etc.; sample preparation and sample characteristics, such as thickness, mass, color and number of samples, etc.; sample positioning method, exposed surface and whether to use sample holder or grid rack; irradiance (kW/m2) and exhaust flow (m2/s); heat release rate-time curve;
Average test results of three tests, including: ignition time (s), average heat release rate within 180s and 300s after ignition (optional) (kW/m2), total heat release (MJ/m2), initial mass and residual mass of the sample (kg), average effective combustion heat (MJ/kg), average mass loss from ignition to the end of the test (kg/s); k, observation record of test phenomena, such as expansion, melting dripping, bursting and peeling, etc. Unit: mm
Note: All dimensions marked with marks in the figure are critical dimensions, and the tolerance should be ±1mm. Other dimensions are recommended dimensions and should be used as much as possible. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the test device
1--Motor, 2-Fan, 3-Orifice plate (aperture 57mm) 4-Pressure pipe: 5-Thermocouple; 6-Annular sampler; 7-Row pipe (inner diameter 114mm), 8-Orifice plate (aperture 57mm); 9-Smoke hood; 10-Test sample; 11-Radiation cone 165
GB/T16172-1996
Figure 2 Component exploded view (horizontal positioning)
1-Chain hinged fixing frame (adjustable cone height), 2-spark igniter: 3-calibration burner: 4-heat flux meter? 5-heat flux meter fixing clamp; 6-horizontal sample holder, 7-low-density ceramic fiber pad 8-aluminum foil; 9-sample fo
Figure 3 Component explosion diagram (vertical positioning)
1--Spark igniter 2-calibration burner, 3-heat flux meter: 4-heat flux meter fixing clamp; 5-elastic steel wire clip; 6-calcium silicate lining; 7-low-density ceramic fiber pad; 8-aluminum foil; 9 sample 10-vertical sample holder Iiti
GB/T 16172-1996
Figure 4 Radiation cone
Unit; mm
1-Thermocouple; 2-Outer cone shell, 3-Inner cone shell; 4-Electric heating tube, 5-Low-density ceramic fiber: 6-Top plate; 7-Bottom plate: 8-Pillar; 9-Cone hinged fixing frame (adjustable cone height) four-corner welding
Figure 5 Horizontal sample holder
中2中
GB/T 16172-1996
25. 4 25. 4
4.8mm round head pin
-A surface
Elastic steel wire clamp
BB section
Figure 6 Vertical sample rack
Figure 7 Sample holder (optional)
Unit: mm
Material: stainless steel plate 1.5mm thick
Unit: mm
Material: stainless steel plate 1.5mm thick
GB/T 16172—1996
Material: 42mm stainless steel wire
All intersections dry joint
Figure 8 Grid rack (optional)
Figure 9 Schematic diagram of exhaust system
Unit: mm
1-Blower; 2-Orifice plate (aperture 57 mm), 3--pressure pipe; 4--thermocouple, 5--ring sampler (inlet toward the fan), 6--orifice plate (aperture 57mm) 169
GB/T16172--1996
Figure 10 Schematic diagram of gas analysis process
1--ring sampler; 2--dust filter; 3--cold trap; 4--condensate separation chamber 5--exhaust valve; 6--sampling pump; 7--flow regulator; 8--dryer; 9--to CO, and CO analyzer (optional); 10--CO, filter; 11--flow regulator; 12--7μm dust filter; 13--oxygen analyzer, 14--flow meter; 15--emission additional instructions:
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Seventh Technical Committee of the National Fire Standardization Technical Committee. This standard is drafted by the Tianjin Fire Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security and the Sichuan Fire Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security. The main drafters of this standard are Du Lanping, Qian Jianmin, Ma Yidong and Zhao Yanhua.(6)
For specimens that do not exhibit a sustained flame, the next value after the last negative heat release rate value after the start of the test is used as the starting value for the calculation of the values for the time periods listed above. If the test is completed before 180 s, all remaining acquisition points are set to zero, but the number of acquisitions used to calculate the average value remains unchanged. Note: Some specimens do not exhibit a visible sustained flame when tested, but do show a non-zero heat release rate value. Usually, there will be negative output values due to fluctuations in the data output around zero before the specimen begins to burn. 11.3 Mass flow rate in the exhaust duct
Mass flow rate m in the exhaust duct. Given by the following formula: me
11.4 Mean effective heat of combustion
11.5 Symbols
Area of the exposed surface of the specimen (m);
C—calibration constant for oxygen consumption analysis (ml/2kgl/2K1/2); Ah. Net heat of combustion (kJ/g)
Aheeff
Average effective heat of combustion (kJ/g);
-initial mass of the sample (kg);
mz~residual mass of the sample (kg);
exhaust mass flow rate (kg/s);
pressure difference on both sides of a orifice plate (Pa);
g(t)heat release rate (kW);
g\(t)—heat release rate per unit area (kW /m\);q\max—maximum heat release rate (kW /m\); Mi(t)at
g\180-——average heat release rate per unit area within 180s after the sample is ignited (kW/m2); 9\300—average heat release rate per unit area within 300s after the sample is ignited (kW/m*); q\to.---total heat release per unit area of the sample during the test (MJ/m); ro~~chemical equivalent ratio of oxygen to fuel;
t-——time (s);
td—lag time of oxygen analyzer (s);
ignition time (s);
△t———sampling interval (s);
Tabsolute temperature of gas at the flow meter orifice (K), Xoz—instantaneous value of oxygen concentration (uncorrected); Xinitial value of oxygen concentration
X. 2—oxygen concentration value after lag time correction. 16.1
(8)
12 Test report
The test report shall generally include the following contents:
Laboratory name and address;
Name and address of the commissioned test unit;
Name and address of the material manufacturer;
Test date and tester;
GB/T 16172—1996
Name and basic properties of materials or products, such as structure, composition, density, etc.; sample preparation and sample characteristics, such as thickness, mass, color and number of samples, etc.; sample positioning method, exposed surface and whether to use sample holder or grid rack; irradiance (kW/m2) and exhaust flow (m2/s); heat release rate-time curve;
Average test results of three tests, including: ignition time (s), average heat release rate within 180s and 300s after ignition (optional) (kW/m2), total heat release (MJ/m2), initial mass and residual mass of the sample (kg), average effective combustion heat (MJ/kg), average mass loss from ignition to the end of the test (kg/s); k, observation record of test phenomena, such as expansion, melting dripping, bursting and peeling, etc. Unit: mm
Note: All dimensions marked with marks in the figure are critical dimensions, and the tolerance should be ±1mm. Other dimensions are recommended dimensions and should be used as much as possible. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the test device
1--Motor, 2-Fan, 3-Orifice plate (aperture 57mm) 4-Pressure pipe: 5-Thermocouple; 6-Annular sampler; 7-Row pipe (inner diameter 114mm), 8-Orifice plate (aperture 57mm); 9-Smoke hood; 10-Test sample; 11-Radiation cone 165
GB/T16172-1996
Figure 2 Component exploded view (horizontal positioning)
1-Chain hinged fixing frame (adjustable cone height), 2-spark igniter: 3-calibration burner: 4-heat flux meter? 5-heat flux meter fixing clamp; 6-horizontal sample holder, 7-low-density ceramic fiber pad 8-aluminum foil; 9-sample fo
Figure 3 Component explosion diagram (vertical positioning)
1--Spark igniter 2-calibration burner, 3-heat flux meter: 4-heat flux meter fixing clamp; 5-elastic steel wire clip; 6-calcium silicate lining; 7-low-density ceramic fiber pad; 8-aluminum foil; 9 sample 10-vertical sample holder Iiti
GB/T 16172-1996
Figure 4 Radiation cone
Unit; mm
1-Thermocouple; 2-Outer cone shell, 3-Inner cone shell; 4-Electric heating tube, 5-Low-density ceramic fiber: 6-Top plate; 7-Bottom plate: 8-Pillar; 9-Cone hinged fixing frame (adjustable cone height) four-corner welding
Figure 5 Horizontal sample holder
中2中
GB/T 16172-1996
25. 4 25. 4
4.8mm round head pin
-A surface
Elastic steel wire clamp
BB section
Figure 6 Vertical sample rack
Figure 7 Sample holder (optional)
Unit: mm
Material: stainless steel plate 1.5mm thick
Unit: mm
Material: stainless steel plate 1.5mm thick
GB/T 16172—1996
Material: 42mm stainless steel wire
All intersections dry joint
Figure 8 Grid rack (optional)
Figure 9 Schematic diagram of exhaust system
Unit: mm
1-Blower; 2-Orifice plate (aperture 57 mm), 3--pressure pipe; 4--thermocouple, 5--ring sampler (inlet toward the fan), 6--orifice plate (aperture 57mm) 169
GB/T16172--1996
Figure 10 Schematic diagram of gas analysis process
1--ring sampler; 2--dust filter; 3--cold trap; 4--condensate separation chamber 5--exhaust valve; 6--sampling pump; 7--flow regulator; 8--dryer; 9--to CO, and CO analyzer (optional); 10--CO, filter; 11--flow regulator; 12--7μm dust filter; 13--oxygen analyzer, 14--flow meter; 15--emission additional instructions:
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Seventh Technical Committee of the National Fire Standardization Technical Committee. This standard is drafted by the Tianjin Fire Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security and the Sichuan Fire Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security. The main drafters of this standard are Du Lanping, Qian Jianmin, Ma Yidong and Zhao Yanhua.(6)
For specimens that do not exhibit a sustained flame, the next value after the last negative heat release rate value after the start of the test is used as the starting value for the calculation of the values for the time periods listed above. If the test is completed before 180 s, all remaining acquisition points are set to zero, but the number of acquisitions used to calculate the average value remains unchanged. Note: Some specimens do not exhibit a visible sustained flame when tested, but do show a non-zero heat release rate value. Usually, there will be negative output values due to fluctuations in the data output around zero before the specimen begins to burn. 11.3 Mass flow rate in the exhaust duct
Mass flow rate m in the exhaust duct. Given by the following formula: me
11.4 Mean effective heat of combustion
11.5 Symbols
Area of the exposed surface of the specimen (m);
C—calibration constant for oxygen consumption analysis (ml/2kgl/2K1/2); Ah. Net heat of combustion (kJ/g)
Aheeff
Average effective heat of combustion (kJ/g);
-initial mass of the sample (kg);
mz~residual mass of the sample (kg);
exhaust mass flow rate (kg/s);
pressure difference on both sides of a orifice plate (Pa);
g(t)heat release rate (kW);
g\(t)—heat release rate per unit area (kW /m\);q\max—maximum heat release rate (kW /m\); Mi(t)at
g\180-——average heat release rate per unit area within 180s after the sample is ignited (kW/m2); 9\300—average heat release rate per unit area within 300s after the sample is ignited (kW/m*); q\to.---total heat release per unit area of the sample during the test (MJ/m); ro~~chemical equivalent ratio of oxygen to fuel;
t-——time (s);
td—lag time of oxygen analyzer (s);
ignition time (s);
△t———sampling interval (s);
Tabsolute temperature of gas at the flow meter orifice (K), Xoz—instantaneous value of oxygen concentration (uncorrected); Xinitial value of oxygen concentration
X. 2—oxygen concentration value after lag time correction. 16.1
(8)
12 Test report
The test report shall generally include the following contents:
Laboratory name and address;
Name and address of the commissioned test unit;
Name and address of the material manufacturer;
Test date and tester;
GB/T 16172—1996
Name and basic properties of materials or products, such as structure, composition, density, etc.; sample preparation and sample characteristics, such as thickness, mass, color and number of samples, etc.; sample positioning method, exposed surface and whether to use sample holder or grid rack; irradiance (kW/m2) and exhaust flow (m2/s); heat release rate-time curve;
Average test results of three tests, including: ignition time (s), average heat release rate within 180s and 300s after ignition (optional) (kW/m2), total heat release (MJ/m2), initial mass and residual mass of the sample (kg), average effective combustion heat (MJ/kg), average mass loss from ignition to the end of the test (kg/s); k, observation record of test phenomena, such as expansion, melting dripping, bursting and peeling, etc. Unit: mm
Note: All dimensions marked with marks in the figure are critical dimensions, and the tolerance should be ±1mm. Other dimensions are recommended dimensions and should be used as much as possible. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the test device
1--Motor, 2-Fan, 3-Orifice plate (aperture 57mm) 4-Pressure pipe: 5-Thermocouple; 6-Annular sampler; 7-Row pipe (inner diameter 114mm), 8-Orifice plate (aperture 57mm); 9-Smoke hood; 10-Test sample; 11-Radiation cone 165
GB/T16172-1996
Figure 2 Component exploded view (horizontal positioning)
1-Chain hinged fixing frame (adjustable cone height), 2-spark igniter: 3-calibration burner: 4-heat flux meter? 5-heat flux meter fixing clamp; 6-horizontal sample holder, 7-low-density ceramic fiber pad 8-aluminum foil; 9-sample fo
Figure 3 Component explosion diagram (vertical positioning)
1--Spark igniter 2-calibration burner, 3-heat flux meter: 4-heat flux meter fixing clamp; 5-elastic steel wire clip; 6-calcium silicate lining; 7-low-density ceramic fiber pad; 8-aluminum foil; 9 sample 10-vertical sample holder Iiti
GB/T 16172-1996
Figure 4 Radiation cone
Unit; mm
1-Thermocouple; 2-Outer cone shell, 3-Inner cone shell; 4-Electric heating tube, 5-Low-density ceramic fiber: 6-Top plate; 7-Bottom plate: 8-Pillar; 9-Cone hinged fixing frame (adjustable cone height) four-corner welding
Figure 5 Horizontal sample holder
中2中
GB/T 16172-1996
25. 4 25. 4
4.8mm round head pin
-A surface
Elastic steel wire clamp
BB section
Figure 6 Vertical sample rack
Figure 7 Sample holder (optional)
Unit: mm
Material: stainless steel plate 1.5mm thick
Unit: mm
Material: stainless steel plate 1.5mm thick
GB/T 16172—1996
Material: 42mm stainless steel wire
All intersections dry joint
Figure 8 Grid rack (optional)
Figure 9 Schematic diagram of exhaust system
Unit: mm
1-Blower; 2-Orifice plate (aperture 57 mm), 3--pressure pipe; 4--thermocouple, 5--ring sampler (inlet toward the fan), 6--orifice plate (aperture 57mm) 169
GB/T16172--1996
Figure 10 Schematic diagram of gas analysis process
1--ring sampler; 2--dust filter; 3--cold trap; 4--condensate separation chamber 5--exhaust valve; 6--sampling pump; 7--flow regulator; 8--dryer; 9--to CO, and CO analyzer (optional); 10--CO, filter; 11--flow regulator; 12--7μm dust filter; 13--oxygen analyzer, 14--flow meter; 15--emission additional instructions:
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Seventh Technical Committee of the National Fire Standardization Technical Committee. This standard is drafted by the Tianjin Fire Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security and the Sichuan Fire Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security. The main drafters of this standard are Du Lanping, Qian Jianmin, Ma Yidong and Zhao Yanhua.---Total heat release per unit area of the sample during the test (MJ/m);ro~~Chemical equivalent ratio of oxygen to fuel;
t-——time (s);
td—Delay time of oxygen analyzer (s);
Ignition time (s);
△t———Sampling interval (s);
TAbsolute temperature of gas at the orifice plate (K),Xoz—Instantaneous value of oxygen concentration (uncorrected);XInitial value of oxygen concentration
X. 2—Oxygen concentration value after delay time correction. 16.1
(8)
12 Test report
The test report shall generally include the following contents:
Laboratory name and address;
Name and address of the commissioned test unit;
Name and address of the material manufacturer;
Test date and tester;
GB/T 16172—1996
Name and basic properties of materials or products, such as structure, composition, density, etc.; sample preparation and sample characteristics, such as thickness, mass, color and number of samples, etc.; sample positioning method, exposed surface and whether to use sample holder or grid rack; irradiance (kW/m2) and exhaust flow (m2/s); heat release rate-time curve;
Average test results of three tests, including: ignition time (s), average heat release rate within 180s and 300s after ignition (optional) (kW/m2), total heat release (MJ/m2), initial mass and residual mass of the sample (kg), average effective combustion heat (MJ/kg), average mass loss from ignition to the end of the test (kg/s); k, observation record of test phenomena, such as expansion, melting dripping, bursting and peeling, etc. Unit: mm
Note: All dimensions marked with marks in the figure are critical dimensions, and the tolerance should be ±1mm. Other dimensions are recommended dimensions and should be used as much as possible. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the test device
1--Motor, 2-Fan, 3-Orifice plate (aperture 57mm) 4-Pressure pipe: 5-Thermocouple; 6-Annular sampler; 7-Row pipe (inner diameter 114mm), 8-Orifice plate (aperture 57mm); 9-Smoke hood; 10-Test sample; 11-Radiation cone 165
GB/T16172-1996
Figure 2 Component exploded view (horizontal positioning)
1-Chain hinged fixing frame (adjustable cone height), 2-spark igniter: 3-calibration burner: 4-heat flux meter? 5-heat flux meter fixing clamp; 6-horizontal sample holder, 7-low-density ceramic fiber pad 8-aluminum foil; 9-sample fo
Figure 3 Component explosion diagram (vertical positioning)
1--Spark igniter 2-calibration burner, 3-heat flux meter: 4-heat flux meter fixing clamp; 5-elastic steel wire clip; 6-calcium silicate lining; 7-low-density ceramic fiber pad; 8-aluminum foil; 9 sample 10-vertical sample holder Iiti
GB/T 16172-1996
Figure 4 Radiation cone
Unit; mm
1-Thermocouple; 2-Outer cone shell, 3-Inner cone shell; 4-Electric heating tube, 5-Low-density ceramic fiber: 6-Top plate; 7-Bottom plate: 8-Pillar; 9-Cone hinged fixing frame (adjustable cone height) four-corner welding
Figure 5 Horizontal sample holder
中2中
GB/T 16172-1996
25. 4 25. 4
4.8mm round head pin
-A surface
Elastic steel wire clamp
BB section
Figure 6 Vertical sample rack
Figure 7 Sample holder (optional)
Unit: mm
Material: stainless steel plate 1.5mm thick
Unit: mm
Material: stainless steel plate 1.5mm thick
GB/T 16172—1996www.bzxz.net
Material: 42mm stainless steel wire
All intersections dry joint
Figure 8 Grid rack (optional)
Figure 9 Schematic diagram of exhaust system
Unit: mm
1-Blower; 2-Orifice plate (aperture 57 mm), 3--pressure pipe; 4--thermocouple, 5--ring sampler (inlet toward the fan), 6--orifice plate (aperture 57mm) 169
GB/T16172--1996
Figure 10 Schematic diagram of gas analysis process
1--ring sampler; 2--dust filter; 3--cold trap; 4--condensate separation chamber 5--exhaust valve; 6--sampling pump; 7--flow regulator; 8--dryer; 9--to CO, and CO analyzer (optional); 10--CO, filter; 11--flow regulator; 12--7μm dust filter; 13--oxygen analyzer, 14--flow meter; 15--emission additional instructions:
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Seventh Technical Committee of the National Fire Standardization Technical Committee. This standard is drafted by the Tianjin Fire Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security and the Sichuan Fire Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security. The main drafters of this standard are Du Lanping, Qian Jianmin, Ma Yidong and Zhao Yanhua.---Total heat release per unit area of the sample during the test (MJ/m);ro~~Chemical equivalent ratio of oxygen to fuel;
t-——time (s);
td—Delay time of oxygen analyzer (s);
Ignition time (s);
△t———Sampling interval (s);
TAbsolute temperature of gas at the orifice plate (K),Xoz—Instantaneous value of oxygen concentration (uncorrected);XInitial value of oxygen concentration
X. 2—Oxygen concentration value after delay time correction. 16.1
(8)
12 Test report
The test report shall generally include the following contents:
Laboratory name and address;
Name and address of the commissioned test unit;
Name and address of the material manufacturer;
Test date and tester;
GB/T 16172—1996
Name and basic properties of materials or products, such as structure, composition, density, etc.; sample preparation and sample characteristics, such as thickness, mass, color and number of samples, etc.; sample positioning method, exposed surface and whether to use sample holder or grid rack; irradiance (kW/m2) and exhaust flow (m2/s); heat release rate-time curve;
Average test results of three tests, including: ignition time (s), average heat release rate within 180s and 300s after ignition (optional) (kW/m2), total heat release (MJ/m2), initial mass and residual mass of the sample (kg), average effective combustion heat (MJ/kg), average mass loss from ignition to the end of the test (kg/s); k, observation record of test phenomena, such as expansion, melting dripping, bursting and peeling, etc. Unit: mm
Note: All dimensions marked with marks in the figure are critical dimensions, and the tolerance should be ±1mm. Other dimensions are recommended dimensions and should be used as much as possible. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the test device
1--Motor, 2-Fan, 3-Orifice plate (aperture 57mm) 4-Pressure pipe: 5-Thermocouple; 6-Annular sampler; 7-Row pipe (inner diameter 114mm), 8-Orifice plate (aperture 57mm); 9-Smoke hood; 10-Test sample; 11-Radiation cone 165
GB/T16172-1996
Figure 2 Component exploded view (horizontal positioning)
1-Chain hinged fixing frame (adjustable cone height), 2-spark igniter: 3-calibration burner: 4-heat flux meter? 5-heat flux meter fixing clamp; 6-horizontal sample holder, 7-low-density ceramic fiber pad 8-aluminum foil; 9-sample fo
Figure 3 Component explosion diagram (vertical positioning)
1--Spark igniter 2-calibration burner, 3-heat flux meter: 4-heat flux meter fixing clamp; 5-elastic steel wire clip; 6-calcium silicate lining; 7-low-density ceramic fiber pad; 8-aluminum foil; 9 sample 10-vertical sample holder Iiti
GB/T 16172-1996
Figure 4 Radiation cone
Unit; mm
1-Thermocouple; 2-Outer cone shell, 3-Inner cone shell; 4-Electric heating tube, 5-Low-density ceramic fiber: 6-Top plate; 7-Bottom plate: 8-Pillar; 9-Cone hinged fixing frame (adjustable cone height) four-corner welding
Figure 5 Horizontal sample holder
中2中
GB/T 16172-1996
25. 4 25. 4
4.8mm round head pin
-A surface
Elastic steel wire clamp
BB section
Figure 6 Vertical sample rack
Figure 7 Sample holder (optional)
Unit: mm
Material: stainless steel plate 1.5mm thick
Unit: mm
Material: stainless steel plate 1.5mm thick
GB/T 16172—1996
Material: 42mm stainless steel wire
All intersections dry joint
Figure 8 Grid rack (optional)
Figure 9 Schematic diagram of exhaust system
Unit: mm
1-Blower; 2-Orifice plate (aperture 57 mm), 3--pressure pipe; 4--thermocouple, 5--ring sampler (inlet toward the fan), 6--orifice plate (aperture 57mm) 169
GB/T16172--1996
Figure 10 Schematic diagram of gas analysis process
1--ring sampler; 2--dust filter; 3--cold trap; 4--condensate separation chamber 5--exhaust valve; 6--sampling pump; 7--flow regulator; 8--dryer; 9--to CO, and CO analyzer (optional); 10--CO, filter; 11--flow regulator; 12--7μm dust filter; 13--oxygen analyzer, 14--flow meter; 15--emission additional instructions:
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Seventh Technical Committee of the National Fire Standardization Technical Committee. This standard is drafted by the Tianjin Fire Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security and the Sichuan Fire Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security. The main drafters of this standard are Du Lanping, Qian Jianmin, Ma Yidong and Zhao Yanhua.8mm round head pin
-A surface
Elastic steel wire clamp
BB cross-section
Figure 6 Vertical sample rack
Figure 7 Sample holder (optional)
Unit: mm
Material: stainless steel plate 1.5mm thick
Unit: mm
Material: stainless steel plate 1.5mm thick
GB/T 16172—1996
Material: 42mm stainless steel wire
All intersections dry joint
Figure 8 Grid rack (optional)
Figure 9 Schematic diagram of exhaust system
Unit: mm
1-fan; 2-orifice plate (aperture 57 mm), 3--pressure pipe; 4--thermocouple, 5--ring sampler (inlet toward the fan), 6--orifice plate (aperture 57mm) 169
GB/T16172--1996
Figure 10 Schematic diagram of gas analysis process
1--ring sampler; 2--dust filter; 3--cold trap; 4--condensate separation chamber 5--exhaust valve; 6--sampling pump; 7--flow regulator; 8--dryer; 9--to CO, and CO analyzer (optional); 10--CO, filter; 11--flow regulator; 12--7μm dust filter; 13--oxygen analyzer, 14--flow meter; 15--emission additional instructions:
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Seventh Technical Committee of the National Fire Standardization Technical Committee. This standard is drafted by the Tianjin Fire Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security and the Sichuan Fire Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security. The main drafters of this standard are Du Lanping, Qian Jianmin, Ma Yidong and Zhao Yanhua.8mm round head pin
-A surface
Elastic steel wire clamp
BB cross-section
Figure 6 Vertical sample rack
Figure 7 Sample holder (optional)
Unit: mm
Material: stainless steel plate 1.5mm thick
Unit: mm
Material: stainless steel plate 1.5mm thick
GB/T 16172—1996
Material: 42mm stainless steel wire
All intersections dry joint
Figure 8 Grid rack (optional)
Figure 9 Schematic diagram of exhaust system
Unit: mm
1-fan; 2-orifice plate (aperture 57 mm), 3--pressure pipe; 4--thermocouple, 5--ring sampler (inlet toward the fan), 6--orifice plate (aperture 57mm) 169
GB/T16172--1996
Figure 10 Schematic diagram of gas analysis process
1--ring sampler; 2--dust filter; 3--cold trap; 4--condensate separation chamber 5--exhaust valve; 6--sampling pump; 7--flow regulator; 8--dryer; 9--to CO, and CO analyzer (optional); 10--CO, filter; 11--flow regulator; 12--7μm dust filter; 13--oxygen analyzer, 14--flow meter; 15--emission additional instructions:
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Seventh Technical Committee of the National Fire Standardization Technical Committee. This standard is drafted by the Tianjin Fire Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security and the Sichuan Fire Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security. The main drafters of this standard are Du Lanping, Qian Jianmin, Ma Yidong and Zhao Yanhua.
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