GBZ 123-2002 Radiation protection standard for the production of gas lamp screens
Some standard content:
1cs13.100
National occupational health standard of the People's Republic of China GBZ123-2002
Radiological health protection standards for producing gas mantles
Published on April 8, 2002
Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China
Implementation on June 1, 2002
Normative references
Basic requirements for radiation protection
Radiation protection requirements for production sites
Radiation protection requirements for operations
Requirements for the treatment of radioactive waste
Radiation protection requirements for product packaging, storage and transportation7
This standard is formulated in accordance with the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases". If there is any inconsistency between the original standard GB16366-1996 and this standard, this standard shall prevail. Chapters 3 to 7 of this standard are mandatory contents, and the rest are recommended contents. This standard is proposed and managed by the Ministry of Health.
The main drafters of this standard are: Zhou Xiaoya, Shi Yucheng, Zhou Shunyuan, Fan Baosheng, Wang Juying, Wu Baode, Zheng Ling, Zhang Youjiu.
The drafting units of this standard are: Jiangsu Provincial Health and Epidemic Prevention Station and Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Medicine, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
The Ministry of Health is responsible for the interpretation of this standard.
1 Scope
Radiation Health Protection Standard for Gas Lamp Gauze Production This standard specifies the radiation health protection principles and requirements in the production of gas lamp gauze. GBZ 123-2002
This standard applies to the production of gas lamp gauze, and its product sales, storage, transportation and radioactive waste treatment can be referred to for implementation. 2 Normative References
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For all dated referenced documents, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. GB4792
GB8703
Basic Standard for Radiation Health Protection
Radiation Protection Regulations
GB11806 Regulations on the Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials Standard for Radiation Health Protection of Consumer Products Containing Radioactive MaterialsGB16353
3 Basic Requirements for Radiation Protection
3.1 Those engaged in the production of gas lamp screens must follow the radiation protection principles of justification of practice, optimization of radiation protection and that personal exposure doses must not exceed the limit.
3.2 The annual dose equivalent limit H for radiation workers engaged in the production of gas lamp screens is 50mSv, and the amount of radionuclides ingested or inhaled in a year should not exceed the corresponding annual intake limit (ALI) in Table 1. In order to facilitate monitoring and management, the derived air concentration (DAC) values of radionuclides in radiation workplaces derived from the annual intake limit are also listed in Table 1. Table 1 ALI and DAC values for radiation workers
TLI (ingestion), Bq
ALI (inhalation), Bq
DAC, Bq'm
1.9×10-2
Note: The ALI (inhalation) and DAC values listed in the table are all values of nitrate form (W type). If used for hydroxides and oxides of needles and steel (Y type), their ALI (inhalation) and DAC values are about twice the values in the table. 3.3 When the short-lived daughters of needle irradiation (22°Rn) in the air are expressed in α potential values, the annual intake limit for radiation workers is ALIp=0.06J, or ALIp=15WLM when expressed in cumulative exposure. The corresponding derived air concentration is DACp=2.5×10-5J·m-3, or DAC(EC220Rn)=330Bq·m when expressed in equilibrium equivalent concentration. 3.4 The annual dose equivalent limit HI for non-radiation workers and members of the public is 1mSv. From this, the ALI, DAC and derived ingestion concentration (DIC) values of the public can be derived and listed in Table 2. Table 2 ALI, DAC and DIC values of the public
TLI (ingestion), Bq
ALI (inhalation), Bq
DAC, Bq·m3
DIC, Bq·kg.
Note: Same as the note in Table 1.
8.6×10-5
6.8×10-4
3.5 In the case of mixed internal and external irradiation, according to GB4792, the following inequality requirements should be met: (He / H) outside + Z, ( / ALI) ≤1
Wherein: Annual dose equivalent of He external exposure, mSv·aH—Annual dose equivalent limit:
j—Annual intake of radionuclide j, Bqg·a: —Annual intake limit of radionuclide j by radiation workers or members of the public, Bq·aALli
1.2×10-1
3.6 The surface radioactive contamination levels of equipment, walls, floors, etc. and the body surface and clothing of workers in workplaces where nitric acid or needle-gas lamps cover finished or semi-finished products, should be controlled below the values listed in Table 3: Table 3 Derived limits for surface radioactive contamination
Contaminated surface
Hands, skin, underwear, work socks
Work Clothes, gloves, work shoes
Equipment, floor, wall
4 Radiation protection requirements for production sites
a-Radioactivity
4×10-1
4×10l
β-Radioactivity
4×10″
4×102
4.1 The new construction, reconstruction and expansion of gas lamp gauze production plants shall generally be sited, designed and constructed in accordance with the third category open radiation work units. The site selection shall avoid densely populated urban areas and areas where atmospheric diffusion is extremely unfavorable. The workshops in the gas lamp gauze production plant that operate and store nitric acid needles and process needle-containing gas lamp gauze and its semi-finished products are all Class B open radiation 4.2||tt| |Workplaces, the construction, reconstruction, expansion and use of these places shall comply with the requirements of GB4792. 4.3 The gas lamp gauze production plant should have a special nitric acid needle raw material warehouse, which should be equipped with exhaust fans and a ventilation rate of 4 to 6 times per hour; there should be independent needle immersion (chemical) workshops and silk tube processing workshops. Each workshop should have sufficient area and good convection natural ventilation, or be equipped with exhaust fans, with a ventilation rate of 3 to 4 times per hour. The gas lamp gauze production plant should be divided into "radioactive work areas" (including nitric acid needle warehouses, gauze finished product warehouses and semi-finished product warehouses, radioactive waste storage 4.4
warehouses: workshops for operating nitric acid needles and processing gas lamp gauze and its semi-finished products; radioactive wastewater treatment sites, etc.), "non-radioactive work areas" ” (including weaving workshop, rayon warehouse, factory office, etc.), living area (including dormitory, canteen, etc.), sanitary passage room (including changing room) should be set between radioactive work area and non-radioactive work area and living area. 5 Radiation protection requirements for operation
5.1 The warehouse for nitric acid raw materials should be managed by a dedicated person, and an account registration and custody system for nitric acid needle raw materials entering and leaving the warehouse should be established. Non-radioactive items shall not be stored in the warehouse, and unrelated personnel shall not enter. Before entering the warehouse, the staff shall start the exhaust fan for 15 minutes before entering, and shorten the stay time in the warehouse as much as possible. 5
5.2 Protective measures should be taken when preparing nitric acid needle solution to prevent nitric acid needle dust from flying and nitric acid needle solution from splashing. When preparing nitric acid needle solution and soaking silk tubes, workers should wear special work clothes, shoes and hats, gloves, masks and other personal protective equipment: mechanized or semi-mechanized operation should be adopted as much as possible, and bare-handed operation and exposure to the sun on the silk tube containing needle yarn are prohibited. 5.3 The containers for nitric acid needle raw materials, nitric acid needle solution and silk tube needle soaking containers should be placed together after use. If they are to be used for non-radioactive work, they must be decontaminated and cleaned in advance and passed the radioactivity monitoring. The waste liquid generated by cleaning should be discharged into the radioactive wastewater storage tank.
5.4 When workers are engaged in the processing of needle-containing silk tubes, they should be carried out in a closed operation box. The operation box is surrounded by glass or plexiglass as the main material, and is equipped with glove cuffs for the operator to reach into the box for operation. The operation box is usually equipped with a centralized exhaust device to form a negative pressure of 100 to 200 Pa in the box to reduce the natural needles flying in the air with dust and artificial silk scraps and being inhaled into the body. 5.5 When engaged in the processing of needle-containing silk tubes, the principle of batch, small amount and frequent turnover should be followed, and the number of semi-finished products containing needle yarn covers in the operation box should not exceed 1/3 of the daily operation volume. The workers' operating positions should be kept at an appropriate distance, and the semi-finished product turnover box (barrel) should be placed at a considerable distance from the operator. It is strictly forbidden to take the semi-finished products containing needle thread tubes and gauze covers out of the workshop for processing, or to entrust people outside the factory to process them at home. 5.6. Safety and health protection system should be established in each workshop in the radioactive work area. Food and daily necessities should not be brought into the radioactive work area or eaten or smoked in the work area. Wet cleaning should be carried out after work every day, and workers must wash their hands carefully before leaving get off work. Anyone entering the radioactive work area must first change work clothes, work shoes, and hats in the locker room, and wear dust masks: when leaving, work clothes, shoes, hats and masks should be taken off in the locker room, and they must not be taken out of the radioactive work area. 5.7 The radioactivity level of the radioactive workplaces in the factory area and its vicinity and the radioactive wastewater after storage and treatment should be monitored regularly. The monitoring content and cycle should be implemented as specified in Table 4
Table 4 Monitoring items and cycles
Personal monitoring
Monitoring items
Radioactive contamination of workers' hands
Surface radioactive contamination of work clothes, shoes, hats and masksExternal radiation dose
Site monitoring
Ground radioactive contamination
Y exposure rate
Specific activity of 232Th in the air and total potential radiation of 22°Rn daughters Wastewater
Total alpha specific activity
Total beta specific activity
Monitoring near the site
Y exposure rate
Total alpha and total beta specific activity of water
Specific activity of radioactive substances in the air
Requirements for treatment of radioactive waste
Before discharge
Before discharge
Before leaving get off work every day
Before weekends every weekbzxZ.net
Send and receive personal dose monitoring elements at the end of each month| |tt||Carry out every weekend
Based on the results of personal dose monitoring, focus on testing some places once in winter and once in summer
Measure the specific activity of 232Th, 228Th, and 224Ra when necessaryMeasure the specific activity of 228Ra when necessary
Choose the nearest residents outside the factory and several control pointsSelect surface water and wastewater outlets and several control points, once in wet season and dry season
Choose the nearest residents in the dominant downwind direction outside the factory6.1
The radioactive wastewater generated in the production process of gas lamp gauze should be stored in the radioactive wastewater storage pool for more than 15 days and deradioactived according to the requirements of GB87036.2 The gas lamp gauze production plant should set up a temporary storage for radioactive solid waste to store the waste gauze, gauze head debris and sediment generated in the production process and other solid radioactive wastes, which will be subsequently treated as low-level solid waste according to the requirements of GB8703. 6.3 Gas lamp gauze manufacturers should recycle the waste gauze, gauze head scraps and other solid radioactive wastes that may be generated by gas lamp gauze business units, and send them to the production base of nitric acid needles for recycling or storage in the local special radioactive waste repository. 7. Requirements for radiation protection in product packaging, purchase, storage and transportation 7.1 The transportation of gas lamp gauze products and the radioactive raw materials, semi-finished products and radioactive solid waste involved in their production should be packed in good condition according to the requirements of GB11806 and handled according to the requirements of Type I industrial cargo packages. When the outer packaging of nitric acid needles is a non-radioactive solid metal material, it can be transported as an exempted cargo package. 7.2 The product packaging of gas lamp gauze should have the words "This product contains nitric acid". 7.3 The gas lamp gauze products of wholesale and distribution units should be properly kept and stored, and the storage place must be well ventilated. Gas lamp gauze shall not be distributed and stored together with beverages and food.
7.4 During the transportation of lamp screen products and the radioactive raw materials, semi-finished products and radioactive solid waste involved in their production, attention should be paid to the protection of transport personnel and the public, so that the dose equivalent received by transport personnel shall not exceed 5mSv per year, and the dose equivalent received by members of the public shall not exceed 1mSv per year. When using automobiles for transportation, the radiation level at the driver's seat shall not exceed 0.02mSv/h. 7.5 In accordance with the requirements of GB16353, the product instructions of gas lamp screens shall contain the following text: a) This product contains oxidizing needles, and hands should be washed after operating and using this product; b) This product shall not be used for other purposes.
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