This standard specifies the general preventive measures for oil tankers and oil terminals, and the safe operating procedures for oil tankers during operations such as arrival at ports, berthing, loading and unloading, ballasting, washing, degassing and entering closed cabins. This standard applies to crude oil and refined oil tankers and oil terminals. GB 18434-2001 Safety Operating Procedures for Oil Tankers and Oil Terminals GB18434-2001 Standard Download Decompression Password: www.bzxz.net

GB18434--2001
All technical contents of this standard are mandatory. Foreword
This standard adopts the "Guide to International Oil Tankers and Oil Terminals Safety" (4th edition: 1996) jointly compiled by the International Chamber of Shipping (ICS), the International Maritime Forum of Oil Companies (OCIMF) and the International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH) in a non-equivalent manner. In terms of form, it follows GB/T1:1-1993 "Guidelines for Standardization Work Unit 1: Rules for Drafting and Presentation of Standards Part 1: Basic Provisions for Standardization". Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C, Appendix D, Appendix E and Appendix F of this standard are all indicative appendices. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Maritime Safety Administration of the People's Republic of China. Drafting units of this standard: Ministry of Transport Science Research Institute, Maritime Safety Administration of the People's Republic of China, Jinzhou Port (Group) Co., Ltd., Nanjing Yangtze River Oil Transport Company, Qingdao Port Authority Oil Port Company. The main drafters of this standard are: Xiong Caiqi, Zhang Yang, Yang Xinzhai, Zhang Baocheng, Wang Guifu, Wang Jingtang, Guo Weizhong, Cao Fangliang, Wu Caixiao. 74
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Safety operation rules for oil tankers and terminals
Safety operation rules for oil tankers and terminals GB18434—2001
This standard specifies the general preventive measures for oil tankers and oil terminals, and the safety operation rules for oil tankers during operations such as arrival at ports, berthing, loading and unloading, ballasting, tank washing, degassing and entering closed cabins. This standard is applicable to crude oil, refined oil tankers and oil terminals. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is released, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised. All parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB16994--1997 Basic Technical Requirements for Safety of Oil Terminals 3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Tanker
A ship used to carry bulk liquid oil cargo or a combination ship used for this purpose. 3.2 Oil terminal
A berth and loading and unloading operation area for oil tankers to berth, load and unload bulk oil. 3.3 Combination carrier A ship that can carry both petroleum cargo and dry bulk cargo. 3.4 Approved equipment Designated equipment that has been tested and approved by relevant units approved by government departments and can be used safely in a specific hazardous gas environment and has issued a certificate.
3.5 Ullage
The height of the space above the liquid level of the oil tank that is not filled with oil. 3.6 Hot work
Work accompanied by flame or high heat to cause the material to volatilize flammable gas or catch fire. 3.7 Certificate of hot work Certificate issued by the responsible person, which allows the person to engage in specific hot work within the specified time and place. 3.8 Cold work
Work that will not produce a source of ignition.
3.9 Certificate of entering hatch Certificate issued by the responsible person, which allows the person to enter a hatch within a specific time frame. 3.10 Gas free
By allowing enough fresh air to flow into a tank, space or container to reduce the original flammable, toxic or inert gas to the required level. Standard approved by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China on September 3, 2001 and implemented on April 1, 2002

GB 18434--2001
3. 11 Certificate of Clearing Gas A certificate issued by the responsible person confirming that a certain oil tank, compartment or container has reached the degassing standard during the monitoring period. 3.12 Inert condition
The state when the volume ratio of oxygen content in the oil tank gas drops to 8% (by volume, the same below) or below after the oil tank is filled. 3.13 Loading overall
Loading cargo oil or ballast water from the top of the tank through a bulk pipe or a bulk hose inserted into the oil tank or other deck openings to form a free fall of liquid.
3.14 Stripping
The final operation of unloading the bulk liquid cargo pump in the cargo oil system of the oil tanker to the net. 3.15 Inerted tanks
The interior of the tank is completely filled with a gas with an oxygen content of less than 8% and is maintained at a certain positive pressure. 3.16 True vapour pressure The absolute pressure exerted by the gas generated by the evaporation of the liquid when the gas and liquid are in equilibrium at the current temperature and the gas/liquid ratio is 1.
3.17 Lower flammable limit (LFL) The concentration of hydrocarbon gas when the hydrocarbon gas content in the air is so low that the hydrocarbon gas present is insufficient to supply and propagate combustion. 3.18 Bonding
The connection of metal parts together to ensure the continuity of electrical conduction. 3.19 Cathodic protection The technical measure to prevent corrosion by electrochemical methods. 3.20 Hazardous area
Area where the installation and use of electrical equipment are dangerous. 3.21 Inert gas plant
All equipment installed to distribute the inert gas to the cargo tank system. 3.22 Inerting
The introduction of inert gas into the oil tank.
3.23 Non-yolatile petroleum Petroleum with a flash point of not less than 60°C.
3.24 Volatile petroleum Petroleum with a flash point of less than 60°C.
3.25 Clean oils
Petroleum with a conductivity of less than 50ps/m.
3.26 Black oils
Petroleum with a conductivity of more than 50ps/m.
3.27 Purging
Introducing inert gas into the already heated oil tank to further reduce the existing oxygen and hydrocarbon content to a level close to that at which the oil tanker cannot sustain combustion even with the introduction of air. 3.28 Tank cleaning
The process of removing hydrocarbon vapors, liquids or residues. 3.29 Work permit
A document issued by the person in charge to allow a special operation to be carried out at a specified time and a clear place. 3.30 Flam arrester
GB 18434--2001
A penetrable sheet made of metal, ceramic or other heat-resistant material, which can cool the deflagration flame and the accompanying combustion products, and the flammable gas on the other side is lower than the temperature required for ignition. 3.31 Flamscreem
Used to prevent sparks from entering the oil tank or air vent, or to prevent the passage of flames in a short time. A movable or fixed device composed of one or more layers of corrosion-resistant metal wire fabric with very small mesh. 3.32 Oxygen analyser/meter An instrument used to determine the percentage of oxygen content. 3.33 Pressure/vacuum relief valve (P/V valve) pressure/vacuum relief valve (P/V valve) is a device for the flow of a small amount of oil, gas, air or inert gas mixture caused by temperature changes in the cargo oil tank. 3.34 Topping off
Complete the final operation of loading the oil tank according to the required empty distance. 3.35 Topping up
Introduce inert gas into the oil tank that is already in an inerted state to increase the tank gas pressure to prevent air from entering. 4 Safety technical requirements for oil tankers and oil terminals
4.1 Oil tankers should comply with the relevant technical specifications and regulations promulgated by the competent authorities. 4.2 Oil terminals should comply with the provisions of GB16994. 5 General requirements for oil tankers
5.1 Smoking and open flames
5.1.1 Personnel on board can only smoke using safe fire sources at designated times and locations. 5.1.2 It is strictly prohibited to use matches and lighters outside the superstructure space, and they must not be carried to the above locations. 5.1.3 It is prohibited to use open flames on deck and in spaces where oil and gas may be present. 5.1.4 Notices prohibiting smoking and open flames should be prominently posted at the boarding location and at the exit of the superstructure area, and inside the superstructure area.
5.2 Kitchen
5.2.1 Kitchen workers should have the knowledge of safe use of stoves, and other personnel should not use kitchen stoves at will. 5.2.2 High-temperature frying pans should be equipped with thermal power circuit breakers. 5.2.3 Kitchen exhaust ducts, filter covers of vents, etc. should be cleaned regularly. 5.2.4 The kitchen should be equipped with fire-fighting equipment and fire blankets that meet the regulations in a convenient place, and the staff should receive emergency fire-fighting training. 5.3 Portable lamps and electrical equipment
5.3.1 All portable lamps and electrical equipment should be approved by the competent authority and should be carefully checked before use to ensure that the insulation is intact, the cable connection is firm, and the sheath is not damaged during use. 5.3.2 Lighting and electrical equipment connected to flexible cables Portable electrical equipment connected to running leads in cargo tanks and adjacent compartments, spaces or tank decks shall comply with the following requirements during the entire period of use:
a) The compartments or above the compartments where the equipment and leads are to be used meet the safety conditions for hot work; b) The adjacent compartments meet the safety conditions for hot work, the hydrocarbon content in the purged compartments is less than 2% by volume and has been conditioned, or the compartments are completely filled with ballast water;
c) All openings to other compartments that do not meet the safety conditions for hot work or have not been purged as required in b) are closed; d) These equipment are of safe type;
e) These equipment shall be installed in an approved explosion-proof enclosure. Flexible cables are of approved type. 5.3.3 Pneumatic tools
GB 18434—2001
Pneumatic tools should take the following measures to prevent static electricity from being accumulated: a) The air supply system should be equipped with a water trap or a steam-water valve; b) The air supply hose should be made of low-resistance material; c) Fixed components should be grounded.
5.3.4 Flashlights and portable battery-powered equipment 5.3.4.1 Oil tankers should use qualified explosion-proof flashlights. 5.3.4.2 The ultra-high frequency/very high frequency (UHF/VHF) portable radios used should be safe types. 5.3.4.3 When using electrical and electronic products and equipment, they should be approved by the competent authorities before they can be used on the oil tank deck or in places where flammable gases may exist.
5.4 Fixed electrical equipment
In the hazardous area and in places where flammable gases may appear, fixed electrical equipment should be of approved models and properly maintained.
5.5 Radio Transmitting Antenna
5.5.1 All brackets, cargo lifting equipment and brain-mounted accessories of oil tankers using medium and high frequency radio should be grounded, and the boom bearings should be lubricated with graphite grease.
5.5.2 Radio transmission is not allowed during the period when flammable gases may exist in the area of ​​the transmitting antenna. 5.6 Hot Work
5.6.1 Hot work should comply with the current national and international regulations and port requirements, and a hot work permit should be obtained on board [see Appendix A (Reminder Appendix). Hot work shall not be carried out during cargo oil, ballast, tank washing, degassing, purging or filling operations. 5.6.2 The master should review whether the hot work is appropriate, safe and within the necessary precautions. The master should chair a safety meeting to carefully review the planned operations and safety measures. The meeting should be attended by all responsible persons related to the operation, write out the agreed operation plan and corresponding safety measures, and designate one senior crew member to be responsible for supervising the operation and another senior crew member to be responsible for safety measures. Explain the outline of the work to all personnel involved in the preparation and operation of hot work, and indicate their respective responsibilities. The validity period of each scheduled work task in the written hot work permit shall not exceed one working day. See Figure 1 for the hot work process guidance diagram. 5.6.3 All operations on the cargo oil and ballast system must be stopped before and during the hot work. Before the hot work is restarted, all safety measures should be rechecked and a new hot work permit should be issued. Hot work shall not be carried out on the bulkhead of the fuel oil tank containing fuel oil or within 0.5 m of the bulkhead of the tank.
5.6.4 Hot work in enclosed spaces
5.6.4.1. The tank prepared for hot work should be cleaned and ventilated until the volume ratio of the oxygen content in the atmosphere of the space is not less than 21% and the lower flammable limit does not exceed 1% LFL. Continuous ventilation should be maintained during hot work. 5.6.4.2 Adjacent cargo tanks including diagonal cargo tanks shall be cleaned and degassed to meet the requirements of hot work, or the hydrocarbon vapor content shall not exceed 1% by volume after cleaning and shall be kept ventilated, or completely filled with water. Other cargo tanks that have not been degassed shall be purged to a hydrocarbon vapor content of less than 2% by volume, and shall be kept ventilated and tightly closed. 5.6.4.3 All cargo tanks (except tanks for dirty oil and water) of oil tankers without venting systems shall be cleaned, degassed and explosion tested. Dirty oil and water shall be placed in tanks away from hot work locations and the tanks shall be kept closed. 5.6.4.4 It shall be checked and confirmed that the adjacent ballast tanks and compartments other than cargo tanks have been degassed and explosion tested and are safe for hot work. 5.6.4.5 All pipes connected to other compartments shall be thoroughly flushed, drained, ventilated with water, and completely isolated from the compartments where hot work will be carried out.
5.6.4.6 Sludge, oil, sediment or other materials within a radius of at least 10m around the hot work site should be removed. 5.6.5 Hot work on open decks
5.6.5.1 Cargo tanks and dirty oil tanks within a radius of at least 30m around the work site should be cleaned and the hydrocarbon vapour content should be reduced to less than 1% by volume and inerted. All other cargo tanks in the cargo area should be inerted and all openings closed. 78
GB 18434-2001
Can the repair work be done without hot
work?
Is the oil tanker part that requires hot work a pipe section or other assembly, or a fixed structure?
Fixed structure
Necessary instructions and application procedures for hot work
Submit to the tanker
operator so as to obtain
consent in advance or consider
other plans
Obtain the tanker operator's consent
The captain convenes a safety meeting on board, with all the responsible persons for the work attending
Issue a hot work permit specifying the work tasks and time
Complete all preparations for hot work
Stop all other operations in the cargo oil area
-No hot work is allowed
Can equipment parts
assembly parts be dismantled and moved out of the danger zone before hot work?
Perform the work as planned
Isolate the fittings from all pipes
and seal them with seal plates
No hot work is allowed
Does the master feel that the hot work can be done safely?
The written description of the work should state the supervision and safety responsibilities of the work respectively
Hot work
Report to the tanker operator
Complete the task
Note: This diagram assumes that hot work is necessary for the safety of the tanker or the immediate operational capability of the tanker and cannot be postponed until the next scheduled repair. Figure 1 Hot work flow guide
5.6.5.2 It should be checked and confirmed that the adjacent ballast tanks and cargo tanks are gas-free and safe for hot work. 5.6.5.3 For tankers without inerting system, all cargo tanks except those containing dirty oil water shall be cleaned and degassed to reduce the hydrocarbon gas content to less than 1% LFL. The oil tank containing dirty oil water shall be kept closed and shall be 30 m away from the operation site. 5.6.6 Hot work on pipelines
Hot work on pipelines and valves shall be allowed only after the corresponding forgings are removed from the system devices by cold working method and the remaining system devices are closed with blind plates. The removed construction forgings shall be cleaned and degassed to meet the safety requirements of hot work, whether or not they are removed from the cargo oil hazard area. The heating pipeline shall be flushed and opened to ensure that it is clean and free of hydrocarbon substances. 5.6.7 Inspection items for the senior crew member responsible for safety 5.6.7.1 Before the start of hot work, the senior crew member responsible for safety inspection shall check that the oxygen content is not less than 21% by volume and the hydrocarbon gas content does not exceed 1% LFL at the location where the hot work is to be carried out. 5.6.7.2 Sufficient firefighting equipment should be arranged at the hot work site and be ready for immediate use. Personnel should be arranged to conduct fire prevention in non-inerted places outside the hot work site where heat propagation or accidental damage may cause harm to hydraulic pipelines, cables, insulation wrapped oil pipes, etc. Sufficient time should be left for continuous monitoring after the hot work is completed. Effective methods should be adopted to suppress and extinguish welding sparks and slag.
5.6.7.3 The work site should be adequately and continuously ventilated. Determine the number of ambient atmosphere monitoring. During and after the work, the ambient atmosphere should be re-monitored at a certain time interval.
GB 18434--2001
5.6.7.4 Welding machines and other equipment should be carefully checked before use to ensure that they are in good condition and properly grounded as required. When using arc welding and cutting equipment, it should be ensured that:
a) the power connection is made in a degassed place b) the actual power cord used is sufficient to withstand the required current; c) the insulation of the flexible cable placed across the deck is in good condition; d) the cable route to the work site can only pass through a degassed or conditioned place and is safe; e) the ground connection should be close to the work site, and there should be a grounding loop cable directly connected to the welding machine. 5.7 Use of tools
5.7.1 Sandblasting and mechanical power tools
5.7.1.1 Sandblasting and mechanical power tools should be used under the following circumstances: a) There should be no oil gas release or accumulation of flammable gas and no flammable materials at the work site; b) The work site should be degassed and the hydrocarbon gas content should not exceed 1% LFL; c) The oil tanker should not be berthed at the oil terminal;
d) The oil tanker should not carry out cargo oil, fueling, ballasting, tank cleaning, degassing, gas purging or filling operations. 5.7.1.2 Firefighting equipment should be available and in suitable condition. 5.7.1.3 The hopper and hose nozzle of the sandblasting machine should be electrically bonded and grounded to the deck or construction equipment. 5.7.1.4 When sandblasting or rust knocking operations are planned, special care should be taken to prevent perforation of the pipe wall. Before starting work on deck cargo oil pipelines, inerting systems and crude oil tank washing systems, the pipelines should be flushed, the lower tank pipe valves should be closed, the bilge pipes should be filled with water, the space in the pipe under construction should be air-conditioned, the oxygen content should be less than 8% by volume, or the hydrocarbon content should not exceed 1% LFL. 5.7.2 Hand tools for repairing steel parts
5.7.2.1 Hand tools shall not be used on decks and equipment connected to the cargo oil system. 5.7.2.2 The work site should be degassed and flammable materials should be removed. The tanker should stop cargo oil, bunkering, ballasting, tank washing, degassing, purge or inerting operations.
5.8 Aluminum equipment
Aluminum equipment should not be dragged or rubbed on steel surfaces, and its bottom should be protected with hard plastic and wood chips. 5.9 Anodes for cathodic protection in cargo oil tanks
5.9.1 Zinc anodes should be used for cathodic protection devices in oil tanks. Aluminum anodes can only be installed in designated locations in fixed ballast tanks and cargo tanks. They can only be moved under the supervision of a dedicated person and should be checked regularly to prevent the protection from falling off. 5.9.2 The location, fixing method and type of anodes should be approved by the relevant competent authorities, and the anodes and their assembly should be checked regularly. 5.10 Prevention of spontaneous combustion
5.10.1 Cotton yarn, rags, canvas, bedding, linen or other similar absorbent materials should not be stored near oil, paint, etc., and should not be discarded at will, but should be handled in time. 5.10.2 Chemicals used for boiler evaporation and drying should be controlled. 5.11 Prevention of automatic ignition of high-temperature surfaces
5.11.1 Prevent fuel oil and lubricating oil from being sprayed onto hot surfaces under pressure and oil from leaking into the insulation layer. 5.11.2 The insulation layer soaked in oil should be removed in time. 5.12 Engine room and boiler room
5.12.1 Combustion equipment
5.12.1.1 The combustion chamber, combustion pipe, flue, exhaust manifold and spark arrester should be kept in good working condition. 5.12.1.2 When there is a smoke window flame or sparks coming out of the smoke, the oil tanker should change course as soon as possible if necessary: ​​stop cargo oil, ballast or tank washing operations, and close all oil tank openings. 5.12.2 Boiler soot blowing
GB18434—2001
5.12.2.1 Boiler soot blowing should be carried out before arriving at the port and after leaving the port. 5.12.2.2 Before the soot blowing operation begins, the consent of the duty officer should be sought, and the course of the oil tanker should be adjusted if necessary. 5.12.3 Cleaning fluid
5.12.3.1 Non-toxic and non-flammable cleaning fluid should be selected. If flammable liquid is used as cleaning liquid, a cleaning liquid with a high flash point should be selected. 5.12.3.2 Flammable cleaning liquid should be placed in a closed, non-breakable container, properly labeled, and stored in an appropriate compartment when not in use. 5.12.3.3 Cleaning liquid can only be used in a place with adequate ventilation. 5.12.3.4 Avoid direct contact of cleaning liquid with skin or contamination of clothes. 5.12.4 Oil spills and oil leaks
Oil spills should be avoided in the cabin. The floor and grating should be kept clean, and the sewage ditch should be kept free of oil and garbage. 5.13 Anti-cold measures
5.13.1 In cold weather, the pressure/vacuum protection valve and high-speed venting device should be checked and confirmed to maintain their effective state. 5.13.2 For oil tankers equipped with an air-conditioning system, the continuous water supply to the deck water seal should be ensured and the water should be prevented from boiling. Ethylene glycol should be added to the water-filled pressure/vacuum protection valve.
5.13.3 Take preventive measures to ensure that the fire main system remains in working condition. Steam-powered winches and anchor windlasses should be kept running at a low speed. 5.14 Pump room
5.14.1 Routine maintenance and daily management
5.14.1.1 The bottom of the pump room should be kept clean and free of water. Prevent hydrocarbon liquids or gases from escaping into the pump room. 5.14.1.2 Keep the pipelines and pumps in good condition. Pipelines should be visually inspected frequently and tested by conventional pressure. Other methods (such as ultrasonic wall thickness measurement) may also be used for inspection.
5.14.1.3 Procedures should be established to verify that sedimentation boxes and filters are properly sealed after opening for routine cleaning or inspection. 5.14.1.4 Valve glands and drain plugs should be checked regularly to ensure that they are leak-proof. 5.14.1.5 Bulkhead sealing devices should be checked regularly to ensure that they are effective. 5.14.1.6 The screws at key locations of cargo pumps and connecting devices shall be securely assembled. 5.14.2 Ventilation
5.14.2.1 Mechanical ventilation shall be used in the pump room. 5.14.2.2 During cargo operations, the pump room shall be ventilated continuously. 5.14.2.3 The pump room shall be thoroughly ventilated before anyone enters the pump room. 5.14.2.4 Ventilation shall continue until personnel are no longer required to enter or cargo operations have ended. 5.14.3 Entry to the pump room
5.14.3.1 The tanker shall establish a procedure for controlling entry to the pump room, which shall include pre-entry inspection, gas detection and the use of portable gas monitors.
5.14.3.2 A communication system connecting the pump room, the bridge, the engine room and the cargo control room shall be provided, and the pump room shall also be equipped with an audible and visual repeater of the alarm system.
5.14.3.3 Personnel inside and outside the pump room should be able to maintain effective communication at any time and contact regularly, and immediately sound an alarm when no response is received. wwW.bzxz.Net
5.14.3.4 A notice stating "No entry without permission" should be placed at the entrance to the pump room. 5.14.4 Maintenance of electrical equipment
Maintenance of electrical equipment should be carried out strictly in accordance with the factory instructions. 5.14.5 Inspection and maintenance of ventilators
Pump room ventilators should be inspected according to routine requirements to ensure their normal operation. 5.14.6 Discharge of cargo oil
Residual oil remaining in all pipelines and pumps should be discharged to designated cargo oil tanks, dirty oil tanks or designated receiving tanks, and then unloaded ashore. 81
6 General requirements for oil terminals
Smoking is prohibited at oil terminals
GB 18434--2001
Open flames are prohibited within 100m around oil product operation points. 6.2 Oil pipelines
6.2.1 Oil pipelines should be made of specific materials and comply with the provisions of relevant design specifications. 6.2.2 Compensation measures should be adopted for oil pipelines.
6.2.3 The crossing and traversing of pipelines should comply with the relevant technical specifications and regulations promulgated by the competent authorities. 6.2.4 The installation of steam tracing pipes and the setting of expansion joints should comply with design requirements, and the tracing pipes should not be directly fixed on the main pipes. 6.2.5 When the pipeline is grounded, elbows, reducers and other pipe fittings that can change the pipe diameter should be reduced. The inner wall of the pipeline should be smooth, and the inner surface of the repaired weld should be polished flat.
6.2.6 Pipelines should be welded, and valves and pipes or equipment should be connected by flanges. 6.2.7 Metal hoses should be used to connect pipelines and storage tanks. 6.3 Bellows
6.3.1 Bellows that meet the use requirements should be selected. 6.3.2 The design and selection of bellows should refer to the samples and technical data provided by the manufacturer. 6.4 Valves
Valves and gaskets that meet the use requirements should be selected. 6.5 Oil booms
6.5.1 The oil booms should be able to withstand the impact of wind and waves above level 6 or the impact of seawater above 5 tons, and should be resistant to aging, oil and seawater corrosion.
6.5.2 The boom group should be connected at a fixed point in the sea or river. The ends of the boom should be fixed with anchor chains. The length of the anchor chains should be more than 5 times the water depth.
6.6 Operators
6.6.1 Before participating in loading and unloading operations, the static electricity of the human body should be eliminated. It is strictly forbidden to wear or change nylon, chemical fiber clothing or shoes with spikes during operation. 6.6.2 Approved explosion-proof tools and lighting equipment should be used during operation. It is strictly forbidden to knock and hit when contacting steel equipment. 6.7 Boarding machine
6.7.1 Boarding machine is applicable to oil tankers above 50,000 tons. 6.7.2 Electrical appliances should meet explosion-proof requirements.
6.7.3 Double overload protection should be set.
6.7.4 Hydraulic brakes should be used in the slewing mechanism, and a bulb buzzer should be used to warn during slewing. 6.7.5 Explosion-proof limit switches should be installed at the extreme positions of the pitching and slewing mechanism and the wire rope tensioning device. 6.7.6 The driving device of the pitching mechanism adopts dual brake protection of wheel reducer and brake. A hanging shackle is installed on the rotating column, which can be locked manually.
6.7.7 The whole machine should be grounded for protection.
6.7.8 Safety operating procedures and maintenance and protection regulations should be formulated. 7 Arrival at the port
7.1 Exchange of information
Before the oil tanker arrives at the port, the necessary information on the following matters should be exchanged. 7.1.1 The oil tanker shall submit the necessary information to the relevant competent authorities: a) ship name, call sign,
b) flag state;
c) total length, draft and width of the oil tanker;
d) berth to be reached and estimated time of arrival; GB18434--2001
e) nature of the oil, shipping name, international or domestic dangerous goods code number, flash point and quantity; f) loading situation of cargo oil, quantity of oil products to be discharged and retained on board; 8) whether it is equipped with an inert gas system and whether it is intact; h) whether it is necessary to wash the tank or treat the dirty oil water or discharge ballast water; i) whether there are any defects in the hull and equipment that may cause: affecting the safe maneuverability of the oil tanker;
affecting the safety of other ships;
- causing harm to the marine environment;
- causing harm to people or property near land or ports. j) various statutory certificates and their validity periods. 7.1.2 Necessary information that the tanker should submit to the oil terminal: a) the tanker's draft, heel and trim upon arrival; b) the expected maximum draft and trim during and after cargo loading and unloading; c) the master's notice requesting tugboat assistance; d) if equipped with an inert gas system, confirm that all oil tanks on board are in an inerted state and the system is in good working condition; e) the oxygen content of the cargo oil tanks; f) whether tank washing is required; g) whether there is any repair work that will delay the start of cargo loading and unloading; h) whether crude oil tank washing equipment is used for cleaning tanks; i) whether there are any leakages in the hull, bulkheads, valves or pipelines that may affect cargo oil loading and unloading or cause pollution; j) detailed information on the cargo oil manifold of the tanker, including the model, quantity, specification, gap and material of the available joints; k) whether there is impressed current cathodic protection:
1) provide information on the planned cargo oil loading and unloading operations in advance, or information on changes to the original cargo oil loading and unloading operations plan and the cargo oil stowage situation;
m) provide information on the quantity and nature of dirty oil water, dirty ballast water and chemical additives contaminated therein as required. 7.1.3 The necessary information that the oil terminal should submit to the oil tanker: a) berth water depth; b) tugboats and mooring boats available when needed to assist the oil tanker in maneuvering and mooring; c) ropes for the oil tanker or tugboat; d) the oil tanker is required to have available mooring ropes and accessories during all mooring operations; e) detailed information on the shore mooring equipment to be provided; f) which berthing is to be prepared; g) the number and specifications of oil hose connectors/manifolds; h) the weather conditions required for cargo oil measurement; 1) if necessary, notify the captain in advance of the pier berth or buoy system Special conditions for berthing, i) Maximum speed and angle allowed for approaching the oil terminal; k) Port signal rules used during mooring; 1) Arrangement of the landing position and ladder of the pier berth, and the access equipment available at the oil terminal; m) Advance provision of information on planned cargo oil loading and unloading operations or changes to the original cargo oil loading and unloading operation plan; n) Requirements for crude oil tank washing operations and tank washing; o) Whether to degas the hydrocarbon gas in the oil tank when loading non-volatile static storage oil products; 83
p) Notice of environmental and berth loading restrictions; GB 18434-2001
g) Arrangements for receiving dirty oil water or oily residual ballast water. 7.2 Preparation for arrival at the port
7.2.1 Port information
The oil terminal should provide general port information to the oil tanker. 7.2.2 Mooring Information
Before mooring, the oil terminal shall provide the master with the details of the mooring plan, which shall be reviewed and agreed by both parties. If the agreed mooring plan must be changed due to weather changes, the master shall be notified as soon as possible. 7.2.3 Mooring Equipment for Oil Tankers
Before entering the berth, the oil tanker shall prepare all necessary mooring equipment. When there are defects in the equipment that may affect safe mooring or the equipment cannot be adapted to each other, the oil terminal and the competent authority shall be notified in a timely manner. Except for prohibiting anchoring, the required anchors shall be ready for use. Sufficient personnel shall be assigned to carry out mooring operations.
7.3 Entering and Leaving the Port
7.3.1 Buoyancy Assurance
When entering and leaving the port, the cargo oil tanker shall have sufficient safety buoyancy. The covers of the sounding hole, forepeak tank, afterpeak tank, front deep tank, various vents and various openings of cargo oil tanks, fuel tanks, oil separators and pump rooms shall be closed. 7.3.2 Tugboat berthing
7.3.2.1 Except for the degassing of hydrocarbons in cargo tanks, all hatch covers of cargo tanks and ballast tanks should be closed before the tugboat assisting the operation of the oil tanker approaches. Before the captain personally confirms that the tugboat and other boats are safe, such vessels shall not be allowed to approach. 7.3.2.2 The tugboat should be equipped with adequate anti-collision devices and should have signs indicating the corresponding positions to push the oil tanker. 7.4 Anti-collision at the pier oil terminal
The oil terminal should inform the captain, mooring master and pilot of the design anti-collision tolerance limit, maximum displacement limit, approach speed and approach angle limit of the oil terminal berth and its anti-collision devices. 7.5 Mooring at the pier oil terminal berth
7.5.1 Personal safety
The operator should take appropriate precautions to avoid accidents. 7.5.2 Mooring safety
For oil tankers with a gross deadweight tonnage of more than 16,000 tons sailing in unlimited navigation areas, the mooring (maintaining stable mooring) capacity of the fixed equipment on board the ship for mooring should meet the following conditions:
a) Wind force of 60kn wind speed from any direction, accompanied by any of the following conditions: - 3kn flow from the bow or stern direction (0° or 180°); - 2kn flow from 10° or 170°; 0.75kn flow from the direction of the maximum water flow load. b) If the mooring capacity of the oil tanker does not meet the requirements in a), it should be supplemented by shore equipment; c) The cargo hose or oil transfer arm can only be connected after the oil tanker is safely moored. 7.5.3 Type and quality of ropes
7.5.3.1 The ropes used for mooring oil tankers should be ropes of the same material. Large oil tankers should use steel cables, and should not use mooring equipment composed entirely of high-elastic ropes. The same elastic rope should be used in the corresponding direction. 7.5.3.2 The fiber tail rope at the end of the mooring wire rope should have sufficient elasticity to prevent the wire rope from breaking and other components of the mooring equipment from being damaged. The length of the tail rope prepared by the oil tanker or oil terminal should not exceed 1/3 of the distance between the ship's fairlead and the shore mooring pile. 7.5.3.3 The strength of the fiber tail rope connected to the wire rope should be 25% greater than that of the wire rope, and it should be checked frequently, especially its connection with the wire rope, and should be replaced regularly. 7.5.4 Self-tensioning winch
GB18434-2001
The winch that automatically adjusts the tension should have an automatic device that can automatically loosen or winch the mooring cable. During mooring, this winch should not be used in an automatic manner.
7.5.5 Self-reeling winch
7.5.5.1 Oil tankers using steel wire ropes should be equipped with automatic winches. 7.5.5.2 Crew members should be aware of the characteristics of self-reeling winches. 7.5.5.3 Senior crew members should be familiar with the designed braking capacity of the self-reeling winch brake installed on the ship. 7.5.5.4 Regularly (not exceeding 12 months) test, inspect and update the brake wear pads or brake shoes. 7.6 Buoy mooring
When mooring on a buoy, all general precautions should be taken as when mooring on a jetty oil terminal. 7.6.1 Ordinary or multiple buoy mooring
7.6.1.1 In ordinary buoy mooring, good communication must be established between the bridge and the stern. 7.6.1.2 During the mooring operation, high-quality cables with length requirements should be selected and a dedicated person should be assigned to closely monitor. 7.6.1.3 In the berth of ordinary buoy mooring, experienced crew members should be responsible for operating the cables provided by the shore or the cables sent from the land from the buoy.
7.6.2 Single Point Mooring (SPM)
7.6.2.1 Effective communication should be established and maintained between the bridge and the bow. 7.6.2.2 The ship should be aware of the type of mooring cables to be tied to it and the weight that must be hoisted. The oil terminal should inform the ship of the length and specifications of the required lead rope.
7.6.2.3 During the single point mooring process, the oil tanker should not move backward or swing. The pulleys, bracket rollers, etc. around the lead rope guide winch or storage reel should be allowed to rotate freely. During the operation, the safety of personnel should be guaranteed. For oil tankers with a total deadweight of more than 150,000 tons, two sets of the same cables are required for mooring, and the two sets of cables should not pass through the same bow fairlead. 7.7 Methods for emergency unmooring
7.7.1 When there is no tugboat available at the oil terminal, a steel wire towline of sufficient strength and good condition should be prepared at the front and rear of the oil tanker and tied to the mooring pile. The eye of the towline should be loosened and kept at or near the waterline. 7.7.2 When the oil tanker is moored at the pier oil terminal, the towline should be hung on the water side; the towline of the oil tanker at the floating berth should be hung on the water side opposite to the oil hose line.
7.7.3 There should be enough spare length of the towline between the mooring pile and the fairlead, and measures should be taken to prevent it from sliding out by itself. 8 General precautions for tankers while berthing at tanker berths 8.1 Safety precautions and emergency procedures
8.1.1 Comply with terminal and local regulations
8.1.2 Comply with manning requirements
8.1.2.1 The ship-shore facilities should be adequately staffed at all times to deal with emergencies while the tanker is berthing at the terminal. 8.1.2.2 Personnel involved in various operations should be familiar with the hazards of oil loading and unloading operations. 8.1.3 Floating berths
8.1.3.1 When the tanker is berthed at a buoyant berth, all normal precautions taken during cargo loading and unloading operations at a pier oil terminal should be adopted.
8.1.3.2 During cargo oil transfer operations, good communication links should be maintained between the tanker and the terminal. 8.1.3.3 When the single point mooring load is remotely monitored, the terminal should regularly inform the ship of the actual load readings received. 8.1.4 Contact between the tanker and the oil terminal on safety matters After the tanker is properly moored, the oil terminal representative should contact the tanker manager on the following matters: a) designated smoking areas; b) restrictions on kitchen equipment and cooking utensils;
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