Some standard content:
ICS 13.300
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 24778—2009
Guidance of Chemical Identification
Guidance of Chemical Identification2009-12-15Issued
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of ChinaStandardization Administration of China
2010-07-01Implementation
GB/T 24778--2009
This standard refers to the technical guidance document RIP3.10:2007 "Guide to the Identification and Naming of Substances" (English version) of the EU REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) regulation. Its relevant technical content is completely consistent with the above-mentioned document. The standard text format has been edited according to CB/T1.1-2000. This standard was proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Hazardous Chemicals Management (SAC/TC251). The responsible drafting unit of this standard is: the Import and Export Chemical Safety Research Center of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. The participating drafting units of this standard are: China Institute of Inspection and Quarantine, Sinochem Chemical Standardization Research Institute, Jiangsu Exit and Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shandong Exit and Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Jiangxi Exit and Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau. The main drafters of this standard are: Sun Xin, Chen Huiming, Wang Xiaobing, Mei Jian, Li Xi, Zhang Jing, Li Pu. This standard is published for the first time.
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GB/T 247782009
On June 1, 2007, the European Union passed the Registration Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals Regulation (hereinafter referred to as REACH Regulation) and officially implemented it on June 1, 2008. After the implementation of this regulation, the chemicals entering the European market will be uniformly managed. In order to respond to the EU REACH Regulation, my country has formulated a series of chemical safety standards, which have converted the relevant technical content of the EU REACH Regulation. This standard refers to the EU REACH Regulation Technical Guidance Document RIP3.10:2007 "Guidelines for the Identification and Naming of Substances" (English version). Its relevant technical content is completely consistent with the above document and establishes a guide for the identification of chemicals. Ⅱ
http://foodmate.net1Scope
Guidelines for the Identification of Chemicals
GB/T 24778—2009
This standard specifies the identification requirements for single-component substances, multi-component substances, substances with unknown or variable components, complex reaction products or biological materials.
This standard applies to single-component substances, multi-component substances, substances with unknown or variable components, complex reaction products or biological materials. 2 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 2.1
Additive
Substances intentionally added to stabilize a substance. Note: In other areas, additives may also have other functions, such as PI, modifier or colorant. 2.2
Component
Substances intentionally added to make up a preparation. 2.3
Contituent
Any single entity with unique chemical properties present in a substance. 2.4
EC inventory EC inventory
The inventory of substances in the EU's former chemical regulatory framework, EINECSC (European Directory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances), EILINCS (European Directory of Notified Chemical Substances) and NILP (no longer defined as the Directory of Polymers). This FC inventory is the source of the EC number used to identify substances. 2.5
Impurity
A substance that is not desired to be present in a substance during production, which may come from raw materials or be the result of side reactions or incomplete reactions during production. 2.6
main constituent
a constituent that is neither an additive nor an impurity and that is an effective part of the substance. 2.7
mono-constituent substance a substance in which the mass fraction of the main constituent is at least 80%, usually determined by the composition of the substance. 2.8bzxz.net
multi-constituent substance a substance in which the mass fraction of one main constituent is greater than or equal to 10% or less than 80%, usually determined by the composition of the substance. 2.9
preparation
a mixture or solution consisting of two or more substances. 1
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GB/T 24778—2009
Substance
Chemical substances and their compounds in the natural state or obtained through the production process, including additives required to maintain their stability and impurities generated during the processing, but excluding separable solvents that do not affect the stability of the substance or change its composition. 3 Overview
3.1 Different substances have different identification methods. The identification of substances should at least use the substance identification parameters listed in Table 1. Therefore, any substance must be identified by a set of appropriate identification parameters: u) IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) and/or other nomenclature and other identification symbols, such as CAS number, EC number;
Synthesis and structural information:
Chemical composition.
Table 1 Substance Identification Parameters
Identification of Substances
For each substance below, the information given should be sufficient to identify the substance. If it is not feasible to do so, or if the information given below is not scientifically necessary, a clear reason should be given: Name of each substance or its full identification according to IUFAC: Nomenclature or other internationally accepted chemical name or its local name (common name, commercial name, abbreviation) EINECS or ELINCS number (if appropriate) CAS name and CAS number (if any)
Other identification codes (if any)
Relevant information about the formula and structure of each substance (including SMIL.FS code, if any) Information on optical activity and typical proportions Information on (stereo)isomers (if any and where appropriate) Relative molecular mass and relative molecular mass range Composition of each substance
Purity (%)
Impurities, including isomers and by-products
Mass fraction of (important) major impurities
Type and magnitude of additives (e.g. stabilizers or inhibitors) (μ/g, %) Spectroscopic data (IR, NMR or mass spectrometry) HPLC, GC
Identification of the substance and, where appropriate, a summary of the analytical method used for the identification of impurities and additives or appropriate references. This information should be reproduced using this method
3.2 A substance is defined by its chemical composition, chemical properties and the amount of each component. Although this concise definition is suitable for most substances, in some cases, additional information on the substance's identification is required. 3.3 Substances are mainly divided into two categories:
Substances with precise definition: substances that can be completely defined by qualitative and quantitative analysis; a
b) substances with unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products or biological materials (hereinafter referred to as UVCB substances), which cannot be defined by the above parameters.
GB/T 24778-2009
3.4 The most basic principle is that substances should be defined by chemical composition as much as possible and identified by their components. Only when it is technically impractical should other methods be used for identification, such as specifying different types of UVCB substances. 3.5 The identification of substances and their impurities and additives requires a summary of the analytical methods and/or corresponding literature. This information should ensure that the method is reproducible
4 Introduction of substances with precise defined composition
4.1 Substances with inferred defined chemical composition are identified based on their main components. For some types of substances, their chemical composition alone is not enough to describe them. At this time, other physical parameters related to the chemical structure should be introduced in the identification of the substance. 4.2. The chemical composition should usually be traced to 100%, and each component should be given a complete chemical description, including structural information. For substances with chemical composition identification, there are different parts as follows: a) Major component: the component of the substance that is not an additive or impurity, as the most important component of the substance, and therefore used as a basis for detailed material identification.
b) Impurity: a component that is not intentionally produced in the substance. It is called a raw material or is the result of a side reaction or incomplete reaction during the production process. Impurities are not intentionally added to the final product. c) Additive: a substance that is intentionally added to enhance the stability of the substance. 4.3 Components that are not major components of a single-component substance or a multi-component substance (except additives) can be considered impurities. Although the term "trace substance" is commonly used in some places, only the term "impurity" is used in this standard. 4.4 Different components have different identification requirements: a) The major component determines the name of the substance. Each major component should be fully described with all relevant identifiers. b) Impurities have no effect on the naming of substances. Impurities only need to be indicated by name, CAS number, EC number and/or formula; additives are a component of the substance (but have no effect on the naming), and should generally be fully indicated. 4.5 Single-component and multi-component substances are distinguished according to the following rules 8) Single-component substances refer to substances with a component mass fraction of at least 80% and impurities mass fraction less than 20%. Single-component substances are named according to their main components.
6) Multi-component substances refer to substances composed of multiple main components with mass fractions between 10% and 80%. 4.6 Multi-component substances are named as reaction mixtures of two or more main components. 4.7 Impurities with a concentration of 1% should generally be indicated. As a general rule, the total mass fraction of each component for which information is given should be 100%. 4.8 Additives referred to in this standard are stabilizers required to maintain the stability of the substance. When making mass settlements for batches, additives should be considered as necessary components of the substance. However, outside the scope of this standard, the term "additive" can also refer to intentional additions with other functions, such as pH-adjusters or colorants. These intentionally added substances are not part of the substance and are therefore not considered in the quality balance. 4.9 For the purposes of this standard, preparations are intentional mixtures of substances and are therefore not multi-component substances. 5 Identification of substances with precisely defined composition
5.1 Identification of single-component substances
5.1.1 Single-component substances are identified by the chemical name and other identification of their main components (including molecular and structural formulas), the chemical identity of their impurities and/or additives, and typical concentrations and concentration ranges derived from spectroscopic and analytical information: Examples of identification of single-component substances are shown in Table 2. Table 2 Examples of identification of single-component substances
Major ingredients
o-Xylene
Content/%
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o-Methylbenzene
m-Dimethylbenzene
o-Xylene
Content/%
Substance identity
m-Dimethylbenzene
o-Xylene
GB/T 24778--2009
5.1.2 In general, major ingredients with a concentration greater than 80% should be fully described by the above parameters. Impurities with a concentration greater than 1% should be described by at least one of the following identifiers: chemical name (IUPAC and/or CAS name), CAS number and/or EC number or molecular formula. When impurities are relevant for classification and/or PBT assessment, they should be indicated by the same identifier regardless of their concentration. Note: In order to correctly apply the 80% rule. Some intentional additives such as pH-adjusters and colorants should not be included in the conservation statement. 5.1.3 The "80% rule" has been used for the notification of new substances. It is a concise and clear method of determination. However, this 80% rule has its deviations that should be determined. Examples of acceptable deviations are as follows: a) Substances with a component mass fraction of 80 but with similar physical and chemical properties and the same hazardous characteristics as single-component substances that meet the 80% rule.
b) Substances with concentrations of the main component and impurity components alternating on the 80% limit, and the main component concentration is sometimes ≤80%. Analytical information:
5.1.4 In many cases, spectral data provide composition information for single-component substances, and this information should be given. Many spectral methods are applicable, especially ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy (UV/VIS), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). For inorganic substances, the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD) or X-ray fluorescence (XRF) or atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) may be more appropriate. The use of chromatographic analysis, such as gas chromatography (GC) or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is required to determine the structure of the substance. Other effective component separation techniques may also be used if appropriate.
5.2 Identification of multi-component substances
5.2.1 Multi-component substances are identified by their chemical name, identification mark, and qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis (chemical properties, including molecular formula and structural formula), which may need to be confirmed by analytical information. Examples of identification of multi-component substances are shown in Tables 3 and 1. Table 3 Example of identification of multi-component substances 1
Main components
-Diphenylbenzene
S-toluene
Main components
Content/%
Para-dimethylbenzene
Content/%
Example 2 for identification of multi-component substances
Upper limit of content/Typical content/Lower limit of content/
Content, upper limit/
Typical content/Lower limit of content/
Substance identity
Mixture of o-···methylbenzene
Substance identity
Mixture of aniloxane
5.2.2 For multi-component substances, the chemical composition is known and many components are related to the definition of the substance. In addition, the typical values and ranges of its chemical composition can be predicted. The main components should be fully described by the relevant parameters . The sum of the typical concentrations of the main ingredients (10%) and impurities (<0%) is equal to 100 times.
5.2.3 Impurities with a minimum concentration of 1% are identified by at least one of the following identification symbols: chemical name, CAS number and EC number or molecular formula. Impurities relevant to classification and/or PBT assessment are also identified by an alternate identification symbol, regardless of their concentration. 5.2.4 According to the concept of this standard, this substance is a multi-component substance. Although one component has a mass fraction of 80%, this is only accidental and the typical mass fraction of components is less than 80%. 5.2.5 Sometimes it is appropriate to classify a substance with a maximum concentration of ≥ 80% of one component as a multi-component substance. For example, a substance contains two components, one with a concentration of 85% and the other with 10%, and the rest is impurities. For this substance to be technically effective, both components must work together. In this case, although one component has a concentration of more than 80%, the substance is still summarized as a multi-component substance. 5.2.6 Analytical information: In many cases, spectral data provide information about the composition of multi-component materials, and this information should be provided. Many spectroscopic methods are applicable, especially ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy (UV/VIS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS). For inorganic substances, the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD) or X-ray fluorescence (XRF) or atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) may be more applicable: the use of chromatographic analysis, such as gas chromatography (GC) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is required to determine the structure of the material. If appropriate, other effective component separation techniques may also be used.
5.3 Substances with well-defined chemical composition and other major identification marks 5.3.1 Some substances identified by chemical composition (e.g. organic mineral materials) require additional identification marks to obtain their substance identity. These substances can be single-component or multi-component, but the difference is that they require not only the identification parameters in the above sections, but also other identification marks to clearly identify them. 5.3.2 For example, some non-organic materials (natural or artificial) have unique structures, and they require morphological and inorganic composition information to clearly identify them. For example: Kaolinite (CAS No. 1332-58-7) is composed of kaolin, lead ore, quartz and quartz. 5.3.3 In the future, the acquisition of other identification information of substances will require the current development of micro-technology and the impact of identifying related risks. At the current stage of development, this standard does not include guidance on substance identification. 5.3.4 Such substances are identified by single-component substances (5.1) and multi-component substances (5.2). Other special identification parameters are added according to the needs of different substances. The main identification indicators are the composition of the spectral data, the crystal structure revealed by X-ray scattering (XRD), infrared absorption peaks, the coefficient of expansion, the degree of ion exchange and other physical and chemical properties. 5.3.5 For minerals, it is important to combine the elemental analysis results with the spectral data to identify the composition and structure of the mineral, which is then confirmed by characteristic physical and chemical properties such as crystal structure (indicated by X-ray scattering), shape, hardness, melting swelling, density and/or surface properties. 5.3.6 The main identification of special additions is obtained through special minerals. This is because minerals have special physical and chemical properties, such as: very low hardness of shale, melting swelling of bentonite, shape of diatomaceous earth, high density of barite and surface area (nitrogen adsorption). 5.3.7 Analytical information:
The same analytical information as for single-component substances (5.1) and multi-component substances (5.2) should be given. For substances for which gas chromatography or liquid chromatography cannot obtain sufficient information, other analytical methods should be used for identification, such as X-ray scattering, elemental analysis, etc. for minerals. The standard is that sufficient information should be given to confirm the structure of the substance. 6 Introduction of UVCB substances
6.1 Substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products or biological materials, also known as UVCB substances, cannot be fully identified by their chemical composition because:
a) the number of components is relatively large;
b) a relatively: -part of the composition is unknown;
c) the variability of the composition is relatively large or difficult to predict. 6.2 The main identification marks of different UVCB substances are related to the source and processing of the substances; or they belong to the "other main identification" group (such as chromatographic or other characteristics"). For substances with certain chemical composition, such as complex reaction products and biological sources, the identification of substances should follow the corresponding principles of single-component substances and multi-component substances. When the source or processing method changes, the identification of UVCB substances should be repeated. If a reaction mixture is identified as a "multi-component substance", its final composition is within a certain range. It can be obtained from different sources or different processing procedures. 7 Identification of UVCB substances
7.1 General identification of UVCB substances
7.1.1 Information on chemical composition
7.1.1.1 UVCI3 substances cannot be identified only by the IUPAC names of the components, and not all components can be identified. Even if they can be generally identified, they lack specificity due to the variability of the exact composition. Since there is no difference between components and impurities, the terms "main component" and "proton" are not used for UVB substances. 7.1, 1.2 It is still necessary to give the known chemical composition and the identity of the components as much as possible. The description of the components can usually be given in a more general way. GB/T 24778—2009
, for example, "chain fatty acids C1~C2" or "fatty alcohol ethoxylates with C1~C1 alcohol and 4-10 ethoxylate units". In addition, information on the chemical composition can also be given with known reference samples and standards, and in many cases, with labels and existing numbers. Other general information on the ingredients includes so-called "profiles", such as chromatograms or spectrograms showing the distribution of characteristic peaks. 7.1.1.3 For individual UVCB substances, all known components with a concentration of 10% should be identified by English IUJPAC name and preferably with CAS number. Typical concentrations and concentration ranges of known ingredients should also be given. Ingredients related to the classification of substances and/or PBT assessment are usually identified by phase identification, regardless of their degree of expansion. 7.1.1.4 Unknown ingredients Wherever possible, they should be identified by a general description of their chemical properties. Additives should be fully identified in a manner similar to that of putatively defined substances.
7.1.2 Main identification parameters - name, origin and processing Chemical composition alone is not sufficient to identify substances. Substances are generally identified by their name, origin or processing and the main steps in the processing procedure. Other identification parameters of substances may also be important identifiers, general identifiers (such as boiling point) or key identifiers for special types of substances (such as catalytic activity of enzymes).
7.1.2.1 Sources
Sources are divided into two groups:
a) Biological sources
Substances of biological origin should be defined by genus, species and family. For example, for Swiss stone pine, the genus is Pinus, the species is Swiss stone pine, the family is Pinaceae, and if relevant, there is also a strain or type. Where possible the organ, tissue or part from which the substance was extracted should be stated, e.g. marrow, gland, tea, seed or root.
b) Chemical or Mineral Source
The raw material of the product of a chemical reaction should be described by the IUPAC English name. Mineral raw materials should be described by general terms, e.g. phosphate rock, bauxite, china clay, metal gas, coal, peat. 7.1.2.2 Processing procedures
7.1.2.2.1 If the synthesis involves a new compound, the processing procedure shall be defined by the type of chemical reaction or the type of refining step, e.g. extraction, separation, concentration or residual product of the refining.
7.1.2.2.2 For some substances such as derived chemicals, the processing procedure shall be described as both extraction and synthesis. a) Synthesis
The presence of a specific chemical or biological substance in the raw material The reaction produces a substance. Examples include Grignard reactions, sulfonation reactions, enzymatic decomposition reactions with proteases or lipases, etc. Many derivative reactions are of this type. For new synthetic substances, the chemical composition is not known and the raw materials and the type of chemical reaction are the main indicators. The type of chemical reaction indicates the molecules that will be present in the substance. The final chemical reactions are: hydrolysis, esterification, alkylation, chlorination, etc. Since there is only general information on the synthetic substance, in many cases chromatography is required for the complete characterization and identification of the substance. b) Refining
Refining can be used for many substances of natural or mineral origin. The chemical composition remains unchanged during the refining process, but the concentration of some of its components changes, such as cold processing of plant tissue and then extraction with alcohol. 7.1.2.7.3 Refining can have more specific procedures such as extraction. The identification of the substance depends on the type of processing: a) For substances obtained by physical methods such as refining or fractionation, the separation range and fractionation parameters (such as molecular size, chain length, boiling point, volatility range, etc.) should be indicated; h) For substances obtained by extraction and concentration, such as smelting products, centrifugal precipitates, filtration residues, etc., the extraction and concentration steps should be explained, and the composition of the raw materials and the residual substances should be listed in a comparative manner; for residues of special reactions, such as slag, tar and heavy materials, the processing procedures and the general composition of the residual substances should be described;) For extraction, the extraction method, the extraction solution used, and other relevant conditions such as temperature/temperature range should be given. 7.1.2.2.4 For synthetic procedures, the process steps should be added after each source information. Chemically synthesized substances should especially have synthetic procedures.
GB/T 24778—2009
7.1.2.2.5 Since the chemical substance obtained after extraction and the reconstituted substance before extraction have different components, they should be regarded as different substances.
7.1.2.3 Other substance identification parameters
In addition to the chemical name, source and detailed procedures, a UVCB substance should include any other relevant information. In particular, other identification parameters are used for special types of IIVCI3 substances. Additional identification includes: a) General description of chemical composition;
b) Chromatogram or other type of spectrum;
|) Reference material (such as SO);
d) Physicochemical parameters (such as boiling point);
|c) Color index number;
||) AISE number
7.1.3 Analytical information
7.1.3.1 When spectral data provide information on the composition of UVCB substances, this information should be given. Several spectroscopic methods are used to provide spectra (UV/IR, IR, NMR and mass spectrometry). 7.1.3.2 Chromatograms may be used as identification markers to give the composition of the substance. Other effective component separation techniques may also be used. 7.2 Special types of UVCB substances include substances with variable carbon chain lengths, substances obtained from oil or oil-like sources, and enzymes. 7.2.1 Identification of substances with variable carbon chain lengths 7.2.1.1 This class of UVCB substances includes long-chain alkyl substances of variable carbon chain lengths, such as alkanes and alkenes. These substances are extracted from natural fats and oils or obtained synthetically. Natural fats are derived from plants or animals. Generally, long-chain substances obtained from plants have even carbon chain lengths, while long-chain substances obtained from animals have odd carbon chain lengths. Synthetic long-chain substances have both odd and even carbon chain lengths. 7.2.1.2 The components of this class of substances have a common structural feature: one or more long-chain alkyl groups with a functional group. The characteristics of different alkyl groups may vary from one another. The characteristics of different alkyl groups include: a) carbon chain length (number of carbon atoms):
b) degree of saturation:
c) structure (straight chain or branched chain);
d) position of functional groups.
7.2.1.3 The chemical names of the components can be fully described by the following three indices: the alkyl index, which describes the number of carbon atoms in the carbon chain of the alkyl group; the alkyl index is as follows:
1) Generally, the alkyl index (, refers to a saturated alkyl group, and a straight-chain alkyl group includes all chain lengths from to y, such as C~12 for C, C,, Clu, CI and Ci2
If the alkyl index refers to an alkyl chain with an even or odd number of carbon atoms, it should be indicated, such as C&-12 (number: 2)
If the alkyl index refers to a branched alkyl chain, it should be indicated, such as Ca-(main chain) or (CB-1R) 3)
If the alkyl index refers only to unsaturated alkyl salts, it should be indicated, such as C12~=cla not glamorous new>; 4
5) Short-chain alkyl does not cover long-chain, and vice versa, such as (ra--14 and Cs1s not glamorous new>; The alkyl index can also indicate the source of the alkyl chain, such as sesame or oil. However, the distribution of carbon chain lengths should be consistent with the source. b) Functional group index, determine the functional groups in the substance, such as amine, ammonium, carboxylic acid. c) Salt index, the positive/negative ion of the salt, such as sodium (Na+), carbonate (CO), chloride (CI), 7.2.1.4 The above system is used to describe substances with different carbon chain lengths. This system is not applicable to substances with well-defined chemical structures. Well-defined substances should be identified by their unambiguous chemical structure. 7.2.1.5 Information on the alkyl index, functional group index and salt index is the basis for the nomenclature of UVCB-type substances. In addition, information on the source and processing procedures can be used to better identify the substances more accurately. 7.2.2 Identification of substances from oil or oil-based sources 7.2.2.1 Substances from white oil (petroleum substances) or oil-based sources (such as coal) are substances with complex, variable or partially undefined compositions. Petroleum substances are used here as an example to explain how to identify this type of UVCB substance. The same method is applicable to other substances from oil-based sources, such as coal.
7.2.2.2 The raw materials used in the oil processing industry can be crude oil or oil obtained by one or more distillation processes. The composition of the final product depends on the crude oil used in its production (the composition of crude oil depends on its origin) and the subsequent refining procedures. Therefore, naturally, the processing procedures have an individual effect on the composition of petroleum substances.
7.2.2.3 Terms and definitions for identifying petroleum substances generally include the source of the effluent, the refining process, the composition, the number of carbon atoms, the boiling range or other appropriate physical parameters and the main types of hydrocarbons. 7.2.2.4 It is generally believed that petroleum substances are produced according to performance specifications rather than composition specifications. Therefore, in order to identify petroleum substances as closely as possible, information such as name, carbon chain length range, boiling point, viscosity, solubility and other physical properties are usually more useful than composition information. 7.2.2.5 Although chemical composition is not the main identification mark of this type of UVCB substance, the main components (mass fraction ≥ 10%) should be given if known, and the composition should be described in general terms, such as molecular weight range, aliphatic or aromatic, degree of hydrogenation and other necessary information. In addition, other components that are present in low concentrations but affect the hazard classification should be identified by name and typical concentration. 7.2.3 Identification of enzymes
7.2.3.1 Enzymes are usually produced by microbial fermentation and sometimes from plants or animals. The concentration of liquid enzymes depends on the fermentation or extraction and subsequent purification, water removal procedures, active enzyme protein and other components remaining after fermentation, namely proteins, peptides, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and inorganic salts.
7.2.3.2 Enzyme substances generally contain 10% to 80% protein by weight. The content of other components varies, depending on the biological product used, the fermentation intermediates, the operating parameters of the fermentation process, and the downstream purification used. Typical components are listed in Table 5. Table 5 Typical components of enzyme substances
Typical components
Active enzyme protein
Cyclic protein
Peptides and amino acids
Inorganic salts
Mass fraction
10%-805%
5%~55%
3%-~40%
1%~45%
7.2.3.3 Due to the variable and partially unknown composition, it should be considered as a "UVCB substance". Protein should be considered as a component of UVCB substances. Highly pure enzymes can be considered as substances with a well-defined composition (single or multiple components) and should be identified as putatively defined substances.
7.2.3.4 Enzyme substances are identified by the enzyme protein contained (IUBMB nomenclature) and other components produced by fermentation. Except for the enzyme protein, each specific component generally does not exceed 1%. If the identity of these specific components is unknown, they may be identified by grouping (i.e. proteins, peptides, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and inorganic salts). However, if the identity of the components is known, they should be indicated and if the content of these components exceeds 10 or they are relevant to the classification and labelling and/or PBT assessment, they should be identified. 7.2.3.5 Enzyme proteins: Enzyme proteins in extract concentrates are identified by: a) JUBMB;
Name given by (IUBMB) (systematic name, enzyme name, synonymous name); Note given by IUBMB;
Company website
d) Reaction and type of reaction;
e) EC number and name, if appropriate;
i) CAS number and name, if available.
7.2.3.6 The reactions initiated by the enzyme should be listed. This reaction is identified by 1UBMB GB/T 24778---2009
7.2.3.7 Depending on the classification of the reaction, the type of reaction needs to be specified. Is it oxidation, reduction, elimination, addition or human reaction. 7.2.3.8 Other components of enzyme protein:
All components with a mass fraction greater than or equal to 10 or involved in classification and labeling and/or PBT assessment need to be identified. The identity of components less than 10% is indicated as a chemical component. Their typical concentration or concentration range should be given, namely: a) (H oil) protein;
b) peptides and amino acids;
Carbohydrates:
d) lipids
Inorganic salts (such as sodium chloride other inorganic salts). c)
7.2.3.9 If the concentration of other components of the enzyme is not completely determined, the name of the organic product (if the beneficial gene, strain or genetic type is related) should be given according to the name of the IIVCB substance of other biological origin. 7.2.3.10 If appropriate, additional parameters may be given, such as functional parameters (i.e., pLI values or optimum temperatures and temperature ranges), kinetic parameters (i.e., specific behavior or number of rotations), ligands, matrices, products, and co-factors.2 The raw materials used in the petroleum processing industry may be crude oil or oils obtained by distillation in one or more stages. The composition of the final product depends on the crude oil used in the production (the composition of crude oil depends on its origin) and the subsequent refining process. Therefore, naturally, the processing procedures have an independent effect on the composition of the petroleum substance.
7.2.2.3 Terms and definitions for identifying petroleum substances generally include the source of the effluent, the refining process, the composition, the carbon number, the boiling range or other appropriate physical parameters and the main types of hydrocarbons. 7.2.2.4 It is generally believed that all oily substances are produced according to performance specifications rather than composition specifications. Therefore, in order to identify petroleum substances as closely as possible, such as name, carbon chain length range, boiling point, viscosity, solubility and other physical properties are usually more useful than composition information. 7.2.2.5 Although chemical composition is not the main identification mark of this type of UVCB substance, the main components (mass fraction ≥ 10%) should be given if they are known, and the composition should be described in general terms, such as molecular weight range, aliphatic or aromatic, degree of hydrogenation and other necessary information. In addition, other ingredients that are present at low concentrations but affect the hazard classification should be identified by name and typical concentration. 7.2.3 Identification of enzymes
7.2.3.1 Enzymes are usually produced by microbial fermentation and are sometimes derived from plants or animals. The concentration of liquid enzymes depends on the fermentation or extraction and subsequent purification, water removal procedures, active enzyme protein and other components remaining after fermentation, namely proteins, peptides, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and inorganic salts.
7.2.3.2 Enzyme materials generally contain 10% to 80% protein by weight. The content of other components varies, depending on the biological product used, the fermentation intermediates, the operating parameters of the fermentation process, and the downstream purification used. Typical components are listed in Table 5. Table 5 Typical components of enzyme substances
Typical components
Active enzyme protein
Cyclic protein
Peptides and amino acids
Inorganic salts
Mass fraction
10%-805%
5%~55%
3%-~40%
1%~45%
7.2.3.3 Due to the variable and partially unknown composition, it should be considered as a "UVCB substance". Protein should be considered as a component of UVCB substances. Highly pure enzymes can be considered as substances with a well-defined composition (single or multiple components) and should be identified as putatively defined substances.
7.2.3.4 Enzyme substances are identified by the enzyme protein contained (IUBMB nomenclature) and other components produced by fermentation. Except for the enzyme protein, each specific component generally does not exceed 1%. If the identity of these specific components is unknown, they may be identified by grouping (i.e. proteins, peptides, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and inorganic salts). However, if the identity of the components is known, they should be indicated and if the content of these components exceeds 10 or they are relevant to the classification and labelling and/or PBT assessment, they should be identified. 7.2.3.5 Enzyme proteins: Enzyme proteins in extract concentrates are identified by: a) JUBMB;
Name given by (IUBMB) (systematic name, enzyme name, synonymous name); Note given by IUBMB;
Company website
d) Reaction and type of reaction;
e) EC number and name, if appropriate;
i) CAS number and name, if available.
7.2.3.6 The reactions initiated by the enzyme should be listed. This reaction is identified by 1UBMB GB/T 24778---2009
7.2.3.7 Depending on the classification of the reaction, the type of reaction needs to be specified. Is it oxidation, reduction, elimination, addition or human reaction. 7.2.3.8 Other components of enzyme protein:
All components with a mass fraction greater than or equal to 10 or involved in classification and labeling and/or PBT assessment need to be identified. The identity of components less than 10% is indicated as a chemical component. Their typical concentration or concentration range should be given, namely: a) (H oil) protein;
b) peptides and amino acids;
Carbohydrates:
d) lipids
Inorganic salts (such as sodium chloride other inorganic salts). c)
7.2.3.9 If the concentration of other components of the enzyme is not completely determined, the name of the organic product (if the beneficial gene, strain or genetic type is related) should be given according to the name of the IIVCB substance of other biological origin. 7.2.3.10 If appropriate, additional parameters may be given, such as functional parameters (i.e., pLI values or optimum temperatures and temperature ranges), kinetic parameters (i.e., specific behavior or number of rotations), ligands, matrices, products, and co-factors.2 The raw materials used in the petroleum processing industry may be crude oil or oils obtained by distillation in one or more stages. The composition of the final product depends on the crude oil used in the production (the composition of crude oil depends on its origin) and the subsequent refining process. Therefore, naturally, the processing procedures have an independent effect on the composition of the petroleum substance.
7.2.2.3 Terms and definitions for identifying petroleum substances generally include the source of the effluent, the refining process, the composition, the carbon number, the boiling range or other appropriate physical parameters and the main types of hydrocarbons. 7.2.2.4 It is generally believed that all oily substances are produced according to performance specifications rather than composition specifications. Therefore, in order to identify petroleum substances as closely as possible, such as name, carbon chain length range, boiling point, viscosity, solubility and other physical properties are usually more useful than composition information. 7.2.2.5 Although chemical composition is not the main identification mark of this type of UVCB substance, the main components (mass fraction ≥ 10%) should be given if they are known, and the composition should be described in general terms, such as molecular weight range, aliphatic or aromatic, degree of hydrogenation and other necessary information. In addition, other ingredients that are present at low concentrations but affect the hazard classification should be identified by name and typical concentration. 7.2.3 Identification of enzymes
7.2.3.1 Enzymes are usually produced by microbial fermentation and are sometimes derived from plants or animals. The concentration of liquid enzymes depends on the fermentation or extraction and subsequent purification, water removal procedures, active enzyme protein and other components remaining after fermentation, namely proteins, peptides, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and inorganic salts.
7.2.3.2 Enzyme materials generally contain 10% to 80% protein by weight. The content of other components varies, depending on the biological product used, the fermentation intermediates, the operating parameters of the fermentation process, and the downstream purification used. Typical components are listed in Table 5. Table 5 Typical components of enzyme substances
Typical components
Active enzyme protein
Cyclic protein
Peptides and amino acids
Inorganic salts
Mass fraction
10%-805%
5%~55%
3%-~40%
1%~45%
7.2.3.3 Due to the variable and partially unknown composition, it should be considered as a "UVCB substance". Protein should be considered as a component of UVCB substances. Highly pure enzymes can be considered as substances with a well-defined composition (single or multiple components) and should be identified as putatively defined substances.
7.2.3.4 Enzyme substances are identified by the enzyme protein contained (IUBMB nomenclature) and other components produced by fermentation. Except for the enzyme protein, each specific component generally does not exceed 1%. If the identity of these specific components is unknown, they may be identified by grouping (i.e. proteins, peptides, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and inorganic salts). However, if the identity of the components is known, they should be indicated and if the content of these components exceeds 10 or they are relevant to the classification and labelling and/or PBT assessment, they should be identified. 7.2.3.5 Enzyme proteins: Enzyme proteins in extract concentrates are identified by: a) JUBMB;
Name given by (IUBMB) (systematic name, enzyme name, synonymous name); Note given by IUBMB;
Company website
d) Reaction and type of reaction;
e) EC number and name, if appropriate;
i) CAS number and name, if available.
7.2.3.6 The reactions initiated by the enzyme should be listed. This reaction is identified by 1UBMB GB/T 24778---2009
7.2.3.7 Depending on the classification of the reaction, the type of reaction needs to be specified. Is it oxidation, reduction, elimination, addition or human reaction. 7.2.3.8 Other components of enzyme protein:
All components with a mass fraction greater than or equal to 10 or involved in classification and labeling and/or PBT assessment need to be identified. The identity of components less than 10% is indicated as a chemical component. Their typical concentration or concentration range should be given, namely: a) (H oil) protein;
b) peptides and amino acids;
Carbohydrates:
d) lipids
Inorganic salts (such as sodium chloride other inorganic salts). c)
7.2.3.9 If the concentration of other components of the enzyme is not completely determined, the name of the organic product (if the beneficial gene, strain or genetic type is related) should be given according to the name of the IIVCB substance of other biological origin. 7.2.3.10 If appropriate, additional parameters may be given, such as functional parameters (i.e., pLI values or optimum temperatures and temperature ranges), kinetic parameters (i.e., specific behavior or number of rotations), ligands, matrices, products, and co-factors.9 If the concentrations of other components of the enzyme are not fully determined, the name of the organic product (if the beneficial gene, strain or genotype is relevant) should be given in the same way as the IIVCB substance of other biological origin. 7.2.3.10 If appropriate, additional parameters may be given, such as functional parameters (i.e. pLI value or optimum temperature and temperature range), kinetic parameters (i.e. specific behavior or number of rotations), ligands, substrates, products and co-factors, http:9 If the concentrations of other components of the enzyme are not fully determined, the name of the organic product (if the beneficial gene, strain or genotype is relevant) should be given in the same way as the IIVCB substance of other biological origin. 7.2.3.10 If appropriate, additional parameters may be given, such as functional parameters (i.e. pLI value or optimum temperature and temperature range), kinetic parameters (i.e. specific behavior or number of rotations), ligands, substrates, products and co-factors, http:
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