JB 10146-1999 Safety requirements for cupolas and cupola charging machines
Some standard content:
ICS77.180
J61
JB
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
JB10146-1999
Cupole and Cupola Feeding Machine||tt| |Safety requirements
Cupola and cupola charging machine-Safety requirements1999-10-08 Release
National Machinery Industry Bureau
Release
Implemented on 2000-03-01||tt ||JB10146-1999
Foreword
This standard is formulated in accordance with the provisions of GB/T16755-1997 "Rules for Drafting and Presentation of Mechanical Safety Standards" and belongs to Class C safety standards for cupolas. Safety requirements are specified with cupola feeders. Since domestic Class A and Class B safety standards are being formulated one after another, all published Class A and Class B safety standards that can be cited have been cited in this standard, and there are no Class A and Class B that can be cited. Safety standards, this standard is stipulated in the articles with specific safety requirements. This standard is proposed and administered by the National Foundry Machinery Standardization Technical Committee. This standard was drafted by: Jinan Foundry and Forging Machinery Research Institute, Jiangyin Casting Equipment Factory, Xishan Yuqi Casting Equipment Factory, Suzhou Huajin Casting Equipment Factory.
The main drafters of this standard: Liu Tongqing, Xia Ruming, Wei Mingchang, Gao Ruili. Machinery Industry Standards of the People's Republic of China
Cupola and Cupola Charging Machine
Safety Requirements
Cupola and cupola chargingmachineSafetyrequirements■Scope
JB10146—1999
This The standard specifies the safety technical requirements and measures that designers, manufacturers and suppliers of cupolas and cupola charging machines should follow. This standard applies to cupolas and cupola charging machines. This standard does not apply to water-cooled liningless cupola furnaces. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute provisions of this standard by being quoted in this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest version of the standard listed below. GB 2893—1982
GB/T 3323——1987
GB 5083—1999
GB/T 5226.1—1996
GB 12265.1—1997
GB12265.3—1997
GB/T 14776—1993
GB/T15706.1—1995
GB/T15706.21995
GB/T 16251—1996| |tt||GB 16754—1997
GB/T16855.1—1997
GB/T16856—1997
JB5545—1991
JB/T6331.2—1992
3 Definitions
Safety Colors
General Principles for Safety and Hygiene Design of Steel Fusion Welded Butt Joints Radiography and Quality Grading Production Equipment
Industrial Machinery and Electrical Equipment Part 1: General Technical Conditions Mechanical safety The safe distance to prevent the upper limbs from touching the danger zone Mechanical safety The minimum distance to avoid squeezing of various parts of the human body Ergonomics Design principles and numerical values ??for workstation dimensions Basic concepts and general principles of design of machinery safety Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology Machinery safety Basic Concepts and Design General Principles Part 2: Technical Principles and Standards Ergonomic Principles of Work System Design Mechanical Safety Emergency Stop Design Principles
Safety Components Related to Mechanical Safety Control Systems! Part: General principles of design Principles of mechanical safety risk assessment
Technical conditions for safety protection of casting machinery
Determination method of casting machinery noise Sound pressure level measurement This standard uses GB/T15706.1 and GB/T16855. 1. In addition to the definitions given in GB/T16856, GB12265.1 and GB12265.3, the following definitions also apply.
3.1 Zero Mechanical State
This is the state where the cupola and feeder are in the following mechanical state: a) Each power source that can produce mechanical movement has been disconnected and locked: National Machinery Industry The Bureau approved the implementation on 2000-03-01 on 1999-10-08
JB18146-1999
b) After the power source of the pressure fluid is disconnected, release part of the pressure medium into the atmosphere or container to eliminate the causes of The pressure created on the equipment by disconnecting the source of fluid power;
c) All pressure vessels are depressurized to atmospheric pressure: d). The mechanical potential energy of all parts of the equipment is at its lowest practical value: e) Detention Pressure fluid in equipment pipelines, cylinders or other components will not cause the equipment to move under the action of any valve: D The kinetic energy of equipment components has the lowest actual value; N) Equipment components that have moved or loosened are h) Every process step that puts the equipment in a zero mechanical state should be subject to a start-up test after locking it (for example, after cutting off the power to the motor and locking it, pressing the start button can verify whether the motor cannot start) . 4 Important hazardous items
The following important hazardous items are the results of risk assessment for equipment within the scope of application of this standard in accordance with the provisions of GB/T16856. These dangerous items may occur when the equipment is used under the intended use conditions specified in the instruction manual and during transportation, installation, adjustment, maintenance, disassembly and processing.
4.1 Mechanical hazards
4.1.1 Risks of breakage, rupture, overturning and unpredictable movement that may occur due to insufficient mechanical strength and stability of cupolas and feeders. 4.1.2 Impact hazards caused by falling or throwing of feeder parts and/or materials. 4.1.3 Extrusion hazard, shear hazard, and shrinking hazard caused by the feeding machine. 4.1.4 Risk of stabbing or stabbing injuries on the surface, edges or corners of cupolas and feeders. 4.1.5 Risks of slipping, falling, and falling caused by working at heights or around equipment. 4.2 Electrical hazards
4.2.1. Electrical shock hazard arising from electrical systems. 4.2.2 Lightning strike hazard caused by lightning effects. 4.3 Thermal hazard
The risk of burns or scalding caused by ultra-high temperature objects, flames and heat source radiation, 4.4 Noise hazard
The risk of hearing loss and other risks caused by the noise around the flushing furnace fan and feeding machine . 4.5 Hazards arising from materials and substances
4.5.1 Hazards caused by inhalation of carbon monoxide gas and/or dust in the cupola charging and smelting area. Fire and explosion hazards arising from cupolas and/or molten metal and hot coke in 4.5.2. 4.6 Danger caused by ignoring ergonomics principles in the design of cupolas and feeding machines. 4.6.1 Postures that are not conducive to health or excessive force when operating, monitoring or maintaining cupolas and feeding machines. 4.6.2 Ignores the use of personal protective equipment during smelting. 5 Safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 Basic requirements
5.1.! Cupola furnaces and feeders should be designed to minimize risks and make them intrinsically safe. Risks that cannot be appropriately avoided or adequately limited by design should be protected by safety protection devices. 2
JB10146-1999
5.1.2 The safety design of cupolas and feeding machines shall comply with the provisions of GB/T15706.1GB/T15706.2 and GB5083: 5.1.3 Safety design of cupolas and feeding machines In addition to complying with the provisions of this standard, safety should also comply with the relevant provisions of JB5545. 5.1.4 The safety requirements and design of relevant safety components of the control system should comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T16855.1. 5.1.5 The design of cupolas and feeders should fully reflect the principles of human efficiency and should comply with the provisions of GB/T16251, GB/T14776 and other relevant standards.
5.1.6 For residual risks that cannot be eliminated or sufficiently reduced by design and for which safety protection devices are ineffective or not fully effective, users of the equipment should be notified and warned through usage information. Usage information is an integral part of the device supply. Usage information should not be used to remedy design deficiencies or to substitute for safety guards. 5.2 Safety requirements for mechanical hazards
5.2.1 Internal defects of cupola welds shall comply with the Level III requirements specified in GB/T3323. 5.2.2 Cupola furnaces should generally be made of Q235 steel with mechanical properties not lower than ordinary carbon steel or boiler steel materials for special purposes. The minimum thickness of the steel plates used in key parts should comply with the provisions of Table 1. Cupola furnaces with a melting rate of more than 5t/h should have furnace floor frames Table 1
Swimming
Position
Connecting flange
Flange rib plate||tt| |Shell
Wind
Bottom
5.2.3
Box
Board
10
8||tt| |6
4
25
2
10
a6
6
4
25
3
most
12
10
80Www.bzxZ.net
5
30
furnace shell connection The bolts used for flanges should comply with the requirements in Table 2. Table 2
Olenization rate
Bolt specifications
Number of bolts
pieces
1
M16
12|| tt||2
M16
12
3
M20
16
化
Vh||tt| |5
small
original
mm
12
10
8
5
30
5
M20
16
rate
7
degree
16
12|| tt||10
6
40
7
M24
24
9
16||tt| |12
10
6
40
8
M24
24
10
16
12
10
6
40
o
M24
24
5.2.4 The connection between the cupola furnace legs and the furnace floor, the furnace floor and the furnace body, each section of the furnace body, and the furnace legs and the installation foundation should be firm. When steel furnace legs are used, a protective cover should be added to the lower part of the furnace legs. There should be a connection position equipped with auxiliary fixation at the upper end of the cupola. The center deviation of the total height of the cupola after installation should not be greater than 0.2%.
5.2.5 Cupolas with mobile furnace structures should have roller derailment prevention and roller limiting devices. 5.2.6 There should be a 2-5mm gap between the ribs and the outer cylinder of the cupola furnace. A thermal expansion compensation mechanism should be installed in the upwind zone. The heat exchange method used should be able to ensure the thermal balance between the upper and lower ends of the furnace. . 3
JB.·101461999
5.2.7 The opening and closing function of the locking mechanism of the furnace bottom door should be reliable. The locking mechanism type is recommended to be mechanical, and its safety factor should not be less than 55.2.8 The feeding machine should It has stable installation measures. The anti-overturning stability of the feeder should be checked during the design process. 5.2.9 The safety factor of the supporting components of the feeder should not be less than 1.25, the safety factor of the wire rope should not be less than 7: the safety factor of the lifting accessories should not be less than 1.5.
5.2.10 The end connection of the wire rope of the feeder should meet the following requirements: a) When connecting with a rope clamp, the rope clamp pressure plate should be at the long end of the wire rope, and the number of rope clamps should not be less than 3. The spacing should not be less than 6 times the diameter of the wire rope. At the same time, it should be ensured that the connection strength is not less than 85% of the breaking tension of the steel wire rope; b) When braided for connection, the braiding length should not be less than 15 times the diameter of the steel wire rope, and should not be less than 300mm. The connection strength should not be less than 75% of the breaking tension of the wire rope;
c) When connecting with wedges and mold sleeves, the mold sleeves should be made of steel. The connection strength should not be less than 75% of the breaking tension of the steel wire rope: d) When connecting with the dimensional sleeve pouring method, the connection strength should reach the breaking strength of the steel wire rope; e) When connecting with the aluminum alloy sleeve compression method, reliable technology should be used Make the aluminum alloy sleeve and the steel wire rope fit tightly and firmly, and the connection strength should reach the breaking tension of the steel wire rope.
5.2.11 The feeder should not use wire ropes extended in any form. 5.2.12 The feeding machine should have measures to prevent the wire rope from being stuck or rubbed. The wire ropes should be arranged neatly on the drum. 5.2.13
When the feeder is at the lowest point of the working position, the number of windings of the wire rope on the drum, in addition to the number of turns to fix the rope tail, should not be less than 3 turns.
The wire rope tail end fixing device on the feeder drum should have reliable anti-loosening or self-tightening properties. 5.2.147
The ends of multi-layered coils and single-layered single coils should have flanges, and the flanges should be twice as thick as the outermost wire rope. 5.2.15||tt ||The height of the wire rope diameter.
When the drum adopts a structure without a through-support shaft within the drum, the drum should be made of steel. 5.2.16
5.2. 17
The ratio of the nominal diameter of the coil to the diameter of the wire rope should not be less than 22.4. The ratio of the diameter of the pulley to the diameter of the wire rope should not be less than 25. 5.2.18
The pulley should have a device to prevent the wire rope from coming out of the groove. The pulley groove should be smooth and clean, and there should be no defects that could damage the wire rope. 5.2.19
5.2.20 The track of the feeding machine should have a device to prevent the feeding trolley from derailing. When derailment occurs and the guide mechanism or rolling (sliding) mechanism fails, the feeder should have the function of preventing parts or loads from falling and the machine plate from overturning. . 5.2.21 The feeding machine should be equipped with an ascending limit position limiter, a descending limit position limiter and an operating limit position limiter. It is recommended that the rising limit position limiter adopt a margin design. When the power supply is interrupted or the operation ends, it should have the function to prevent the load from moving dangerously or falling out of control.
5.2.22 The feeding machine should be equipped with a reliable brake. The safety factor of the brake should not be less than 1.5, and it should have a heat capacity consistent with the frequency of operation. Under normal operating conditions, the load should not be reduced simply by using the friction brake. 5.2.23 The brake should have the ability to compensate for the wear of the friction plate. The braking friction surface of the brake wheel should not have defects that impede braking performance. 5.2.24 The welding defects of the welds of the supporting components of the feeding machine shall comply with the Level III requirements specified in GB/T3323. 5.2.25 The feeding machine should have the function to prevent the barrel from accidentally turning over or opening. 5.2.26 The exposed moving parts of the feeding machine that may cause danger, such as open gears, couplings, drive shafts, etc., should be equipped with protective devices or take effective restrictive measures. The protective devices and restrictive measures should not cause Additional hazards. The protective device should comply with the relevant provisions of 4.2.2 in GB/T15706.2-1995. Restrictive measures should comply with the provisions of GB12265.1, GB12265.3 and other relevant standards. If it is impossible to install protective devices due to 4
JB 101461999
5 art requirements, the provisions of GB2893 should be followed The ends of the moving parts or the side facing the operator are painted with yellow and black lines of the same width with a 45° slope, and the line width is 20~50mm. 5.2.27 Moving parts equipped with protective devices should have interlocking devices for opening and stopping movement. Otherwise, warning signs should be installed indicating that opening is dangerous or that the transmission device should be cut off before being allowed to be opened. 5.2.28 Without affecting the use, easily accessible mechanical parts should not have sharp edges, corners, rough long surfaces, or flanges that may cause injury to the human body. The edges of metal sheets should be blunt or folded. Or trimming. Open pipe ends that may cause scratches should be covered. 5.2.29 Aerial work platforms on cupolas and feeders must be equipped with adequate protective fences and footboards, and should have the possibility of safe entry into the work site. \Working platforms and ladder devices should comply with the provisions of Chapter 13 of JB5545-1991. 5.2.30 The feeding port section should be fixed on the feeding platform after the parts below the feeding port section are installed and connected, and then the supporting ring should be welded firmly to the embedded parts on the platform. The platform should not be directly connected to the furnace body. 5.2.31 Cupolas and feeding machines should be designed and supplied to minimize the risk of slipping, falling and falling. 5.2.32 The control system of the feeding machine should have safety functions. Feeding should be achieved safely under the manual and automatic operating conditions specified in the instructions.
5.2.33 The feeding machine should be equipped with an emergency stop device. The emergency stop device should be able to stop all dangerous operations and movements. Resetting the emergency stop device should not cause a restart. Emergency stop function requirements and design principles should comply with the relevant regulations of GB16754. 5.2.34 The pause and stop mechanisms in the control system should not cause any dangerous situations after being reset. 5.2.35 Electrical interlocking should have the function of preventing unexpected failures and/or dangerous events caused by malfunction. 5.2.36 Set warning signs in the instruction manual or at the corresponding positions of the cupola and feeding machine. For "Caution 1, you should first knock off large pieces of charge, slag, etc. adhered to the furnace wall from the feeding port, and then Please put the safety cover on the mouth before repairing the furnace" and "Please do not stand under the feeding machine" for instructions.
5.2.37 In the instruction manual of the feeding machine, the regular inspection, maintenance, replacement and lubrication of the feeding machine should be described in detail. 5.2.38 During adjustment, repair or maintenance, cupolas and feeders should be able to be in a zero mechanical state and should not pose a risk to the operator. 5.3 Safety requirements for electrical hazards
5.3.1 Electrical safety requirements of cupolas and feeders The system should prevent electrical hazards in accordance with GB/T5226.1. 5.3.2 For cupolas that are likely to be struck by lightning during use, appropriate measures should be taken to prevent the static electricity formed during the lightning strike from being directed to the ground
5.4 Safety requirements for thermal hazards
5.4.1 The spaces between the flanges of the cupola furnace body and air leakage areas should be sealed with refractory and thermal insulation materials. 5.4.2 There should be no cracks in the bottom plate of the cupola furnace. 5.4.3 In order to minimize the risk of blocking the taphole, the cupola should be equipped with a reliable taphole blocking mechanism. It is recommended that the taphole blocking mechanism be mechanical.
5.4.4 The outer surface of the cupola hot air duct should be covered with refractory and thermal insulation materials. 5.4.5 The structure of the cupola furnace should ensure good connection between the bridge and the forehearth interface. 5.4.6 The structure of the charging platform should ensure that the operator can stay away from the cupola charging port. 5.4.7 The following safety instructions should be included in the instruction manual. If possible, structurally speaking, cupola furnaces should be equipped with warning signs containing the following internal hazards at these parts:
Be careful, flames or hot heat may easily erupt at the feeding port or ventilation restriction, or when the taphole is blocked. of molten metal: 5
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JB10146-1999
When repairing the furnace, the furnace walls, furnace bottom and bridges should be trimmed tightly and tightly, and the furnace bottom and The bridge should be built flat and slanted according to the angle required by the drawing. Be careful. When the furnace bottom door is opened, red-hot coke and unmelted iron will fall. 5.5 Safety requirements for noise hazards
5.5.1 The fan used in the cupola should have a silencer device and be placed in a soundproof room. Taking the soundproof room as the noise source, the sound pressure level limit is 85dB(A). The feeder should not make abnormal noise during operation. Under dry operation conditions, the equivalent continuous sound pressure level limit is 85dB(A). The measurement method is in accordance with the provisions of JB/T6331.2. 5.5.2 Pipes arranged side by side should not be in contact with each other to prevent noise and squealing. 5.6 Safety requirements for hazards arising from materials and substances 5.6.1 Cupola furnaces should be equipped with dust removal devices during use. Controlling the dust emission concentration during the smelting process should comply with the relevant regulations of the national and local environmental protection departments. The measurement of dust emission concentration is carried out by the local environmental protection department in accordance with relevant regulations. 5.6.2 The resistance caused by the dust removal device to the furnace gas should be reasonably adjusted to reduce the escape of furnace gas at the feeding port. 5.6.3 Under the condition that the operation requirements are met, the size of the feeding port should be reduced as much as possible. 5.6.4 In the T. operating state, dust leakage should not occur in various parts of the dust removal device. 5.6.5 All parts of the wet dust removal device should not leak. 5.6.6 An explosion vent should be provided on the air box or air duct. The explosion release pressure should be fast enough to ensure that the structure is not damaged. The pressure release itself should not cause danger to the operator.
5.6.7 The following safety instructions should be included in the instruction manual. If possible, the structure of the cupola should be equipped with an integral sign containing the following content:
a) It is easy to escape at the feeding port. Harmful gases such as carbon oxide are released, so attention should be paid to this: keep the cupola furnace body intact;
1. Strengthen ventilation at the feeding platform: raw materials such as coke should not be stored in the open air as much as possible and should be kept dry; 1. Feeding platform There should be intact guardrails to prevent the human body from accidentally falling; 1. A vent or skylight should be opened in the room above the feeding port, especially when the dust collector is located on the top of the furnace. b) Under certain conditions, the cupola and the molten metal may cause an explosion hazard. In this regard, attention should be paid to the following: wait for the furnace body to cool down naturally before cleaning the cupola. If necessary, it can be cooled by blast, but it should not be quenched with water: Before supplying air, you should first open the air outlet and then supply air to prevent carbon monoxide from entering the air belt and air duct. Wait for the fan to operate normally before shutting it all off:
- The air should not be stopped at will during the smelting process. When the air must be stopped, 2 to 3 air outlets should be opened before the air is stopped, and then closed after the air supply is normal: once stopped After adding materials, the air supply volume should be gradually reduced as the material level decreases; at the end of melting, the air outlet should be opened first and then the air supply should be stopped. The hot blast stove should open the furnace vent valve and continue to supply air for 20~30 minutes to cool the furnace:
1- Before starting the furnace, sand should be used to pad the floor of the furnace bottom. The floor of the furnace bottom should be kept dry and water accumulation is strictly prohibited. :\The lower tools in contact with the molten iron should be dry or preheated; during the charging process, avoid explosives or other dangerous goods from being mixed into the furnace charge; - clean molten iron must be discharged before the furnace is blasted to prevent molten iron from being blasted into the furnace. Outflow from the bottom of the furnace. 6
Determination of safety requirements and/or measures
JB10146—1999
Whether the blast furnace and the feeding machine are consistent with the safety requirements and/or measures in Chapter 5 should be determined according to The following four methods are used for judgment. According to the safety requirements and/or the nature of the measures, the judgment methods should follow the following priority order. If the former method cannot be implemented or cannot be judged, the latter method is allowed to be judged, in order. Each safety requirement and/or measure needs to be judged by at least one method. When a certain safety requirement and/or measure can be judged by multiple methods, the results of the judgments of the several methods should be consistent. 6.1 Judgment method 1—Functional test
Check whether the functions of the cupola and feeder meet the requirements through the safety function test. If the safety function test is objectively impossible to achieve due to technical reasons, or only destructive testing is possible, or reducing the risk to the required level will result in excessive costs, etc., then the methods given in 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4 shall be followed.
6.2 Judgment Method 2 Testing
With the help of testing instruments and meters, give priority to existing and standardized measurement methods, and check whether the specified requirements are within the limits. If the measurement method is due to current technical limitations If it is impossible to prove whether the equipment meets the requirements, or the safety requirements and/or measures are qualitative, etc., follow the methods given in 6.3 and 6.4.
6.3 Judgment Method 3 - Calculation and/or Viewing Drawings Use calculations and/or drawings to analyze and check whether the cupola and charging machine meet the requirements. For some specific requirements (such as stability, center of gravity position, mechanical strength, etc.) applies to this method. If a clear conclusion cannot be drawn only through calculations and/or drawings, follow the method given in 6.4.
6.4 Judgment Method 4 Observation
Through visual measurement of the specified parts, check whether the cupola and feeder meet the required requirements and performance. Note: Observations include inspection or review of cupola and feeder usage information. Use information
7.1 The visual signal (such as flashlight) and auditory signal (such as alarm) devices of the cupola and feeding machine shall comply with the provisions of 5.3 in GB/T15706.2-1995.
7.2 Marks
7.2.1 Marks, symbols (pictograms) and text warnings shall comply with the provisions of 5.4 in GB/T15706.2-1995 and relevant standards. 7.2.2 The cupola shall indicate the following information :
a) Name and address of manufacturer and supplier (if necessary): b) Year of manufacture:
c) Model name;
d) Factory number: ||tt ||e) Various signals and warning devices (such as flashlights, alarms), signs, text warnings (such as locations that may cause explosions of molten metal, burns, carbon monoxide poisoning, etc.):
) Cupola melting rate;| |tt||g) Cupola dimensions, total weight, total power: h) Handling instructions (such as lifting force application points, etc.): i) Usage restrictions on protective measures and working methods.3 Safety requirements for electrical hazards
5.3.1 The electrical system of the cupola and feeder should prevent electrical hazards in accordance with the regulations of GB/T5226.1. 5.3.2 For cupolas that are likely to be struck by lightning during use, appropriate measures should be taken to prevent the static electricity formed during the lightning strike from being directed to the ground
5.4 Safety requirements for thermal hazards
5.4.1 The spaces between flanges of the cupola furnace body and air leakage areas should be sealed with refractory and thermal insulation materials. 5.4.2 There should be no cracks in the bottom plate of the cupola furnace. 5.4.3 In order to minimize the risk of blocking the taphole, the cupola should be equipped with a reliable taphole blocking mechanism. It is recommended that the taphole blocking mechanism be mechanical.
5.4.4 The outer surface of the cupola hot air duct should be covered with refractory and thermal insulation materials. 5.4.5 The structure of the cupola furnace should ensure good connection between the bridge and the forehearth interface. 5.4.6 The structure of the charging platform should ensure that the operator can stay away from the cupola charging port. 5.4.7 The following safety instructions should be included in the instruction manual. If possible, structurally speaking, cupola furnaces should be equipped with warning signs containing the following internal hazards at these parts:
Be careful, flames or hot heat may easily erupt at the feeding port or ventilation restriction, or when the taphole is blocked. of molten metal: 5
Smooth:
JB10146-1999
When repairing the furnace, the furnace walls, furnace bottom and bridges should be trimmed tightly and tightly, and the furnace bottom and The bridge should be built flat and slanted according to the angle required by the drawing. Be careful. When the furnace bottom door is opened, red-hot coke and unmelted iron will fall. 5.5 Safety requirements for noise hazards
5.5.1 The fan used in the cupola should have a silencer device and be placed in a soundproof room. Taking the soundproof room as the noise source, the sound pressure level limit is 85dB(A). The feeder should not make abnormal noise during operation. Under dry operation conditions, the equivalent continuous sound pressure level limit is 85dB(A). The measurement method is in accordance with JB/T6331.2. 5.5.2 Pipes arranged side by side should not be in contact with each other to prevent noise and squealing. 5.6 Safety requirements for hazards arising from materials and substances 5.6.1 Cupola furnaces should be equipped with dust removal devices during use. Controlling the dust emission concentration during the smelting process should comply with the relevant regulations of the national and local environmental protection departments. The measurement of dust emission concentration is carried out by the local environmental protection department in accordance with relevant regulations. 5.6.2 The resistance caused by the dust removal device to the furnace gas should be reasonably adjusted to reduce the escape of furnace gas at the feeding port. 5.6.3 Under the condition that the operation requirements are met, the size of the feeding port should be reduced as much as possible. 5.6.4 In the T. operating state, dust leakage should not occur in various parts of the dust removal device. 5.6.5 All parts of the wet dust removal device should not leak. 5.6.6 An explosion vent should be provided on the air box or air duct. The explosion release pressure should be fast enough to ensure that the structure is not damaged. The pressure release itself should not cause danger to the operator.
5.6.7 The following safety instructions should be included in the instruction manual. If possible, the structure of the cupola should be equipped with an integral sign containing the following content:
a) It is easy to escape at the feeding port. Harmful gases such as carbon oxide are released, so attention should be paid to this: keep the cupola furnace body intact;
1. Strengthen ventilation at the feeding platform: raw materials such as coke should not be stored in the open air as much as possible and should be kept dry; 1. Feeding platform There should be intact guardrails to prevent the human body from accidentally falling; 1. A vent or skylight should be opened in the room above the feeding port, especially when the dust collector is located on the top of the furnace. b) Under certain conditions, the cupola and the molten metal may cause an explosion hazard. In this regard, attention should be paid to the following: wait for the furnace body to cool down naturally before cleaning the cupola. If necessary, it can be cooled by blast, but it should not be quenched with water: Before supplying air, you should first open the air outlet and then supply air to prevent carbon monoxide from entering the air belt and air duct. Wait for the fan to operate normally before shutting it all off:
- The air should not be stopped at will during the smelting process. When the air must be stopped, 2 to 3 air outlets should be opened before the air is stopped, and then closed after the air supply is normal: once stopped After adding materials, the air supply volume should be gradually reduced as the material level decreases; at the end of melting, the air outlet should be opened first and then the air supply should be stopped. The hot blast stove should open the furnace vent valve and continue to supply air for 20~30 minutes to cool the furnace:
1- Before starting the furnace, sand should be used to pad the floor of the furnace bottom. The floor of the furnace bottom should be kept dry and water accumulation is strictly prohibited. :\The lower tools in contact with the molten iron should be dry or preheated; during the charging process, avoid explosives or other dangerous goods from being mixed into the furnace charge; - clean molten iron must be discharged before the furnace is blasted to prevent molten iron from being blasted into the furnace. Outflow from the bottom of the furnace. 6
Determination of safety requirements and/or measures
JB10146—1999
Whether the blast furnace and feeding machine are consistent with the safety requirements and/or measures in Chapter 5 shall be determined according to The following four methods are used for judgment. According to the safety requirements and/or the nature of the measures, the judgment methods should follow the following priority order. If the former method cannot be implemented or cannot be judged, the latter method is allowed to be judged, in order. Each safety requirement and/or measure needs to be judged by at least one method. When a certain safety requirement and/or measure can be judged by multiple methods, the results of the judgments of the several methods should be consistent. 6.1 Judgment method 1—Functional test
Check whether the functions of the cupola and feeder meet the requirements through the safety function test. If the safety function test is objectively impossible to achieve due to technical reasons, or only destructive testing is possible, or reducing the risk to the required level will result in excessive costs, etc., then the methods given in 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4 shall be followed.
6.2 Judgment Method 2 Testing
With the help of testing instruments and meters, give priority to existing and standardized measurement methods, and check whether the specified requirements are within the limits. If the measurement method is due to current technical limitations If it is impossible to prove whether the equipment meets the requirements, or the safety requirements and/or measures are qualitative, etc., follow the methods given in 6.3 and 6.4.
6.3 Judgment Method 3 - Calculation and/or Viewing Drawings Use calculations and/or drawings to analyze and check whether the cupola and charging machine meet the requirements. For some specific requirements (such as stability, center of gravity position, mechanical strength, etc.) applies to this method. If a clear conclusion cannot be drawn only through calculations and/or drawings, follow the method given in 6.4.
6.4 Judgment Method 4 Observation
Through visual measurement of the specified parts, check whether the cupola and feeder meet the required requirements and performance. Note: Observations include inspection or review of cupola and feeder usage information. Use information
7.1 The visual signal (such as flashlight) and auditory signal (such as alarm) devices of the cupola and feeding machine shall comply with the provisions of 5.3 in GB/T15706.2-1995.
7.2 Marks
7.2.1 Marks, symbols (pictograms) and text warnings shall comply with the provisions of 5.4 in GB/T15706.2-1995 and relevant standards. 7.2.2 The cupola shall indicate the following information :
a) Name and address of manufacturer and supplier (if necessary): b) Year of manufacture:
c) Model name;
d) Factory number: ||tt ||e) Various signals and warning devices (such as flashlights, alarms), signs, and text warnings (such as locations that may cause explosions of molten metal, burns, carbon monoxide poisoning, etc.):
) Cupola melting rate;| |tt||g) Cupola dimensions, total weight, total power: h) Handling instructions (such as lifting force application points, etc.): i) Usage restrictions on protective measures and working methods.3 Safety requirements for electrical hazards
5.3.1 The electrical system of the cupola and feeder should prevent electrical hazards in accordance with the regulations of GB/T5226.1. 5.3.2 For cupolas that are likely to be struck by lightning during use, appropriate measures should be taken to prevent the static electricity formed during the lightning strike from being directed to the ground
5.4 Safety requirements for thermal hazards
5.4.1 The spaces between flanges of the cupola furnace body and air leakage areas should be sealed with refractory and thermal insulation materials. 5.4.2 There should be no cracks in the bottom plate of the cupola furnace. 5.4.3 In order to minimize the risk of blocking the taphole, the cupola should be equipped with a reliable taphole blocking mechanism. It is recommended that the taphole blocking mechanism be mechanical.
5.4.4 The outer surface of the cupola hot air duct should be covered with refractory and thermal insulation materials. 5.4.5 The structure of the cupola furnace should ensure good connection between the bridge and the forehearth interface. 5.4.6 The structure of the charging platform should ensure that the operator can stay away from the cupola charging port. 5.4.7 The following safety instructions should be included in the instruction manual. If possible, structurally speaking, cupola furnaces should be equipped with warning signs containing the following internal hazards at these parts:
Be careful, flames or hot heat may easily erupt at the feeding port or ventilation restriction, or when the taphole is blocked. of molten metal: 5
Smooth:
JB10146-1999
When repairing the furnace, the furnace walls, furnace bottom and bridges should be trimmed tightly and tightly, and the furnace bottom and The bridge should be built flat and slanted according to the angle required by the drawing. Be careful. When the furnace bottom door is opened, red-hot coke and unmelted iron will fall. 5.5 Safety requirements for noise hazards
5.5.1 The fan used in the cupola should have a silencer device and be placed in a soundproof room. Taking the soundproof room as the noise source, the sound pressure level limit is 85dB(A). The feeder should not make abnormal noise during operation. Under dry operation conditions, the equivalent continuous sound pressure level limit is 85dB(A). The measurement method is in accordance with JB/T6331.2. 5.5.2 Pipes arranged side by side should not be in contact with each other to prevent noise and squealing. 5.6 Safety requirements for hazards arising from materials and substances 5.6.1 Cupola furnaces should be equipped with dust removal devices during use. Controlling the dust emission concentration during the smelting process should comply with the relevant regulations of the national and local environmental protection departments. The measurement of dust emission concentration is carried out by the local environmental protection department in accordance with relevant regulations. 5.6.2 The resistance caused by the dust removal device to the furnace gas should be reasonably adjusted to reduce the escape of furnace gas at the feeding port. 5.6.3 Under the condition that the operation requirements are met, the size of the feeding port should be reduced as much as possible. 5.6.4 In the T. operating state, dust leakage should not occur in various parts of the dust removal device. 5.6.5 All parts of the wet dust removal device should not leak. 5.6.6 An explosion vent should be provided on the air box or air duct. The explosion release pressure should be fast enough to ensure that the structure is not damaged. The pressure release itself should not cause danger to the operator.
5.6.7 The following safety instructions should be included in the instruction manual. If possible, the structure of the cupola should be equipped with an integral sign containing the following content:
a) It is easy to escape at the feeding port. Harmful gases such as carbon oxide are released, so attention should be paid to this: keep the cupola furnace body intact;
1. Strengthen ventilation at the feeding platform: raw materials such as coke should not be stored in the open air as much as possible and should be kept dry; 1. Feeding platform There should be intact guardrails to prevent the human body from accidentally falling; 1. A vent or skylight should be opened in the room above the feeding port, especially when the dust collector is located on the top of the furnace. b) Under certain conditions, the cupola and the molten metal may cause an explosion hazard. In this regard, attention should be paid to the following: wait for the furnace body to cool down naturally before cleaning the cupola. If necessary, it can be cooled by blast, but it should not be quenched with water: Before supplying air, you should first open the air outlet and then supply air to prevent carbon monoxide from entering the air belt and air duct. Wait for the fan to operate normally before shutting it all off:
- The air should not be stopped at will during the smelting process. When the air must be stopped, 2 to 3 air outlets should be opened before the air is stopped, and then closed after the air supply is normal: once stopped After adding materials, the air supply volume should be gradually reduced as the material level decreases; at the end of melting, the air outlet should be opened first and then the air supply should be stopped. The hot blast furnace should open the furnace vent valve and continue to supply air for 20~30 minutes to cool the furnace:
1- Before starting the furnace, sand should be used to pad the floor of the furnace bottom. The floor of the furnace bottom should be kept dry and water accumulation is strictly prohibited. :\The lower tools in contact with the molten iron should be dry or preheated; during the charging process, avoid explosives or other dangerous goods from being mixed into the furnace charge; - clean molten iron must be discharged before the furnace is blasted to prevent molten iron from being blasted into the furnace. Outflow from the bottom of the furnace. 6
Determination of safety requirements and/or measures
JB10146—1999
Whether the blast furnace and feeding machine are consistent with the safety requirements and/or measures in Chapter 5 shall be determined according to The following four methods are used for judgment. According to the safety requirements and/or the nature of the measures, the judgment methods should follow the following priority order. If the former method cannot be implemented or cannot be judged, the latter method is allowed to be judged, in order. Each safety requirement and/or measure needs to be judged by at least one method. When a certain safety requirement and/or measure can be judged by multiple methods, the results of the judgments of the several methods should be consistent. 6.1 Judgment method 1—Functional test
Check whether the functions of the cupola and feeder meet the requirements through the safety function test. If the safety function test is objectively impossible to achieve due to technical reasons, or only destructive testing is possible, or reducing the risk to the required level will result in excessive costs, etc., then the methods given in 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4 shall be followed.
6.2 Judgment Method 2 Testing
With the help of testing instruments and meters, give priority to existing and standardized measurement methods, and check whether the specified requirements are within the limits. If the measurement method is due to current technical limitations If it is impossible to prove whether the equipment meets the requirements, or the safety requirements and/or measures are qualitative, etc., follow the methods given in 6.3 and 6.4.
6.3 Judgment Method 3 - Calculation and/or Viewing Drawings Use calculations and/or drawings to analyze and check whether the cupola and charging machine meet the requirements. For some specific requirements (such as stability, center of gravity position, mechanical strength, etc.) applies to this method. If a clear conclusion cannot be drawn only through calculations and/or drawings, follow the method given in 6.4.
6.4 Judgment Method 4 Observation
Through visual measurement of the specified parts, check whether the cupola and feeder meet the required requirements and performance. Note: Observations include inspection or review of cupola furnace and feeder usage information. Use information
7.1 The visual signal (such as flashlight) and auditory signal (such as alarm) devices of the cupola and feeding machine shall comply with the provisions of 5.3 in GB/T15706.2-1995.
7.2 Marks
7.2.1 Marks, symbols (pictograms) and text warnings shall comply with the provisions of 5.4 in GB/T15706.2-1995 and relevant standards. 7.2.2 The cupola shall indicate the following information :
a) Name and address of manufacturer and supplier (if necessary): b) Year of manufacture:
c) Model name;
d) Factory number: ||tt ||e) Various signals and warning devices (such as flashlights, alarms), signs, and text warnings (such as locations that may cause explosions of molten metal, burns, carbon monoxide poisoning, etc.):
) Cupola melting rate;| |tt||g) Cupola dimensions, total weight, total power: h) Handling instructions (such as lifting force application points, etc.): i) Usage restrictions on protective measures and working methods.5 Safety requirements for noise hazards
5.5.1 The fan used in the cupola should have a silencer device and be placed in a soundproof room. Taking the soundproof room as the noise source, the sound pressure level limit is 85dB(A). The feeder should not make abnormal noise during operation. Under dry operation conditions, the equivalent continuous sound pressure level limit is 85dB(A). The measurement method is in accordance with the provisions of JB/T6331.2. 5.5.2 Pipes arranged side by side should not be in contact with each other to prevent noise and squealing. 5.6 Safety requirements for hazards arising from materials and substances 5.6.1 Cupola furnaces should be equipped with dust removal devices during use. Controlling the dust emission concentration during the smelting process should comply with the relevant regulations of the national and local environmental protection departments. The measurement of dust emission concentration is carried out by the local environmental protection department in accordance with relevant regulations. 5.6.2 The resistance caused by the dust removal device to the furnace gas should be reasonably adjusted to reduce the escape of furnace gas at the feeding port. 5.6.3 Under the condition that the operation requirements are met, the size of the feeding port should be reduced as much as possible. 5.6.4 In the T. operating state, dust leakage should not occur in various parts of the dust removal device. 5.6.5 All parts of the wet dust removal device should not leak. 5.6.6 An explosion vent should be provided on the air box or air duct. The explosion release pressure should be fast enough to ensure that the structure is not damaged. The pressure release itself should not cause danger to the operator.
5.6.7 The following safety instructions should be included in the instruction manual. If possible, the structure of the cupola should be equipped with an integral sign containing the following content:
a) It is easy to escape at the feeding port. Harmful gases such as carbon oxide are released, so attention should be paid to this: keep the cupola furnace body intact;
1. Strengthen ventilation at the feeding platform: raw materials such as coke should not be stored in the open air as much as possible and should be kept dry; 1. Feeding platform There should be intact guardrails to prevent the human body from accidentally falling; 1. A vent or skylight should be opened in the room above the feeding port, especially when the dust collector is located on the top of the furnace. b) Under certain conditions, the cupola and the molten metal may cause an explosion hazard. In this regard, attention should be paid to the following: wait for the furnace body to cool down naturally before cleaning the cupola. If necessary, it can be cooled by blast, but it should not be quenched with water: Before supplying air, you should first open the air outlet and then supply air to prevent carbon monoxide from entering the air belt and air duct. Wait for the fan to operate normally before shutting it all off:
- The air should not be stopped at will during the smelting process. When the air must be stopped, 2 to 3 air outlets should be opened before the air is stopped, and then closed after the air supply is normal: once stopped After adding materials, the air supply volume should be gradually reduced as the material level decreases; at the end of melting, the air outlet should be opened first and then the air supply should be stopped. The hot blast stove should open the furnace vent valve and continue to supply air for 20~30 minutes to cool the furnace:
1- Before starting the furnace, sand should be used to pad the floor of the furnace bottom. The floor of the furnace bottom should be kept dry and water accumulation is strictly prohibited. :\The lower tools in contact with the molten iron should be dry or preheated; during the charging process, avoid explosives or other dangerous goods from being mixed into the furnace charge; - clean molten iron must be discharged before the furnace is blasted to prevent molten iron from being blasted into the furnace. Outflow from the bottom of the furnace. 6
Determination of safety requirements and/or measures
JB10146—1999
Whether the blast furnace and the feeding machine are consistent with the safety requirements and/or measures in Chapter 5 should be determined according to The following four methods are used for judgment. According to the safety requirements and/or the nature of the measures, the judgment methods should follow the following priority order. If the former method cannot be implemented or cannot be judged, the latter method is allowed to be judged, in order. Each safety requirement and/or measure needs to be judged by at least one method. When a certain safety requirement and/or measure can be judged by multiple methods, the results of the judgments of the several methods should be consistent. 6.1 Judgment method 1—Functional test
Check whether the functions of the cupola and feeder meet the requirements through the safety function test. If the safety function test is objectively impossible to achieve due to technical reasons, or only destructive testing is possible, or reducing the risk to the required level will result in excessive costs, etc., then the methods given in 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4 shall be followed.
6.2 Judgment Method 2 Testing
With the help of testing instruments and meters, give priority to existing and standardized measurement methods, and check whether the specified requirements are within the limits. If the measurement method is due to current technical limitations If it is impossible to prove whether the equipment meets the requirements, or the safety requirements and/or measures are qualitative, etc., follow the methods given in 6.3 and 6.4.
6.3 Judgment Method 3 - Calculation and/or Viewing Drawings Use calculations and/or drawings to analyze and check whether the cupola and charging machine meet the requirements. For some specific requirements (such as stability, center of gravity position, mechanical strength, etc.) applies to this method. If a clear conclusion cannot be drawn only through calculations and/or drawings, follow the method given in 6.4.
6.4 Judgment Method 4 Observation
Through visual measurement of the specified parts, check whether the cupola and feeder meet the required requirements and performance. Note: Observations include inspection or review of cupola furnace and feeder usage information. Use information
7.1 The visual signal (such as flashlight) and auditory signal (such as alarm) devices of the cupola and feeding machine shall comply with the provisions of 5.3 in GB/T15706.2-1995.
7.2 Marks
7.2.1 Marks, symbols (pictograms) and text warnings shall comply with the provisions of 5.4 in GB/T15706.2-1995 and relevant standards. 7.2.2 The cupola shall indicate the following information :
a) Name and address of manufacturer and supplier (if necessary): b) Year of manufacture:
c) Model name;
d) Factory number: ||tt ||e) Various signals and warning devices (such as flashlights, alarms), signs, and text warnings (such as locations that may cause explosions of molten metal, burns, carbon monoxide poisoning, etc.):
) Cupola melting rate;| |tt||g) Cupola dimensions, total weight, total power: h) Handling instructions (such as lifting force application points, etc.): i) Usage restrictions on protective measures and working methods.5 Safety requirements for noise hazards
5.5.1 The fan used in the cupola should have a silencer device and be placed in a soundproof room. Taking the soundproof room as the noise source, the sound pressure level limit is 85dB(A). The feeder should not make abnormal noise during operation. Under dry operation conditions, the equivalent continuous sound pressure level limit is 85dB(A). The measurement method is in accordance with JB/T6331.2. 5.5.2 Pipes arranged side by side should not be in contact with each other to prevent noise and squealing. 5.6 Safety requirements for hazards arising from materials and substances 5.6.1 Cupola furnaces should be equipped with dust removal devices during use. Controlling the dust emission concentration during the smelting process should comply with the relevant regulations of the national and local environmental protection departments. The measurement of dust emission concentration is carried out by the local environmental protection department in accordance with relevant regulations. 5.6.2 The resistance caused by the dust removal device to the furnace gas should be reasonably adjusted to reduce the escape of furnace gas at the feeding port. 5.6.3 Under the condition that the operation requirements are met, the size of the feeding port should be reduced as much as possible. 5.6.4 In the T. operating state, dust leakage should not occur in various parts of the dust removal device. 5.6.5 All parts of the wet dust removal device should not leak. 5.6.6 An explosion vent should be provided on the air box or air duct. The explosion release pressure should be fast enough to ensure that the structure is not damaged. The pressure release itself should not cause danger to the operator.
5.6.7 The following safety instructions should be included in the instruction manual. If possible, the structure of the cupola should be equipped with an integral sign containing the following content:
a) It is easy to escape at the feeding port. Harmful gases such as carbon oxide are released, so attention should be paid to this: keep the cupola furnace body intact;
1. Strengthen ventilation at the feeding platform: raw materials such as coke should not be stored in the open air as much as possible and should be kept dry; 1. Feeding platform There should be intact guardrails to prevent the human body from accidentally falling; 1. A vent or skylight should be opened in the room above the feeding port, especially when the dust collector is located on the top of the furnace. b) Under certain conditions, the cupola and the molten metal may cause an explosion hazard. In this regard, attention should be paid to the following: wait for the furnace body to cool down naturally before cleaning the cupola. If necessary, it can be cooled by blast, but it should not be quenched with water: Before supplying air, you should first open the air outlet and then supply air to prevent carbon monoxide from entering the air belt and air duct. Wait for the fan to operate normally before shutting it all off:
- The air should not be stopped at will during the smelting process. When the air must be stopped, 2 to 3 air outlets should be opened before the air is stopped, and then closed after the air supply is normal: once stopped After adding materials, the air supply volume should be gradually reduced as the material level decreases; at the end of melting, the air outlet should be opened first and then the air supply should be stopped. The hot blast stove should open the furnace vent valve and continue to supply air for 20~30 minutes to cool the furnace:
1- Before starting the furnace, sand should be used to pad the floor of the furnace bottom. The floor of the furnace bottom should be kept dry and water accumulation is strictly prohibited. :\The lower tools in contact with the molten iron should be dry or preheated; during the charging process, avoid explosives or other dangerous goods from being mixed into the furnace charge; - clean molten iron must be discharged before the furnace is blasted to prevent molten iron from being blasted into the furnace. Outflow from the bottom of the furnace. 6
Determination of safety requirements and/or measures
JB10146—1999
Whether the blast furnace and the feeding machine are consistent with the safety requirements and/or measures in Chapter 5 should be determined according to The following four methods are used for judgment. According to the safety requirements and/or the nature of the measures, the judgment methods should follow the following priority order. If the former method cannot be implemented or cannot be judged, the latter method is allowed to be judged, in order. Each safety requirement and/or measure needs to be judged by at least one method. When a certain safety requirement and/or measure can be judged by multiple methods, the results of the judgments of the several methods should be consistent. 6.1 Judgment method 1—Functional test
Check whether the functions of the cupola and feeder meet the requirements through the safety function test. If the safety function test is objectively impossible to achieve due to technical reasons, or only destructive testing is possible, or reducing the risk to the required level will result in excessive costs, etc., then the methods given in 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4 shall be followed.
6.2 Judgment Method 2 Testing
With the help of testing instruments and meters, give priority to existing and standardized measurement methods, and check whether the specified requirements are within the limits. If the measurement method is due to current technical limitations If it is impossible to prove whether the equipment meets the requirements, or the safety requirements and/or measures are qualitative, etc., follow the methods given in 6.3 and 6.4.
6.3 Judgment Method 3 - Calculation and/or Viewing Drawings Use calculations and/or drawings to analyze and check whether the cupola and charging machine meet the requirements. For some specific requirements (such as stability, center of gravity position, mechanical strength, etc.) applies to this method. If a clear conclusion cannot be drawn only through calculations and/or drawings, follow the method given in 6.4.
6.4 Judgment Method 4 Observation
Through visual measurement of the specified parts, check whether the cupola and feeder meet the required requirements and performance. Note: Observations include inspection or review of cupola and feeder usage information. Use information
7.1 The visual signal (such as flashlight) and auditory signal (such as alarm) devices of the cupola and feeding machine shall comply with the provisions of 5.3 in GB/T15706.2-1995.
7.2 Marks
7.2.1 Marks, symbols (pictograms) and text warnings shall comply with the provisions of 5.4 in GB/T15706.2-1995 and relevant standards. 7.2.2 The cupola shall indicate the following information :
a) Name and address of manufacturer and supplier (if necessary): b) Year of manufacture:
c) Model name;
d) Factory number: ||tt ||e) Various signals and warning devices (such as flashlights, alarms), signs, and text warnings (such as locations that may cause explosions of molten metal, burns, carbon monoxide poisoning, etc.):
) Cupola melting rate;| |tt||g) Cupola dimensions, total weight, total power: h) Handling instructions (such as lifting force application points, etc.): i) Usage restrictions on protective measures and working methods.The tools should be dry or preheated; During the charging process, avoid explosives or other dangerous goods from mixing into the charge; Before the furnace is blown, clean molten iron must be discharged to prevent molten iron from flowing out from the bottom of the furnace during the blow. 6
Determination of safety requirements and/or measures
JB10146—1999
Whether the cupola and the charging machine comply with the safety requirements and/or measures in Chapter 5 shall be determined by the following four methods. According to the nature of the safety requirements and/or measures, the determination method shall follow the following priority order. When the former method cannot be implemented or cannot be determined, the latter method is allowed to be determined in sequence. Each safety requirement and/or measure must be determined by at least one method. When a certain safety requirement and/or measure has multiple methods to determine, the results of the determinations of the several methods shall be consistent. 6.1 Determination method 1—Function test
Check whether the functions of the cupola and the charging machine meet the requirements through the safety function test. If the safety function test is objectively impossible to implement due to technical reasons, or only destructive tests can be used, or if reducing the risk to the required level will result in excessive costs, etc., then the methods given in 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4 shall be used.
6.2 Judgment method 2 Testing
With the help of testing instruments and meters, preferably existing and standardized measurement methods, check whether the specified requirements are within the limits. If the measurement method cannot prove whether the equipment meets the requirements due to current technical limitations, or the safety requirements and/or measures are qualitative, etc., then the methods given in 6.3 and 6.4 shall be used.
6.3 Judgment method 3 - calculation and/or viewing drawings Use calculations and/or drawings to analyze and check whether the cupola and the charging machine meet the requirements. This method is app
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