Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Terms for domestic ceramics
UDC 666.3 :642
GB 5000—85
This standard specifies the commonly used terms and definitions for domestic ceramics. This standard can be used in the production, scientific research, teaching, design, publishing, trade, technical exchange, quality evaluation, enterprise management, and standard formulation of domestic ceramics. 1 General terms
1.1 Ceramic ware
Glazed or unglazed silicate products made from clay and other natural mineral rocks, processed and fired, such as domestic ceramics, sanitary ceramics, ordinary electric ceramics, etc.). 1.2 Domestic ceramicss ceramics for daily use All kinds of ceramic products used in daily life, the main varieties are tableware, tea sets, coffee sets, wine sets, stationery, containers, heat-resistant cooking utensils and art furnishings.
The non-glaze and non-make-up soil parts of ceramic products after high-temperature firing. 1.4 Glaze
A glass-like thin layer melted on the surface of ceramic products. 1.5 Glaze-body interface
A transition layer formed between the body and glaze, whose chemical composition, properties and microstructure are between the body and glaze. Microstructure of ceramics
Microstrueture of ceramics
The type, shape, size, quantity, distribution, orientation of the ceramic component phases observed under a microscope, the existence form and distribution of various impurities (including additives) and microscopic defects, and the characteristics of grain boundaries. Body glaze fit
Body glaze fit
The glaze layer has a matching expansion coefficient with the body, which will not cause the glaze to crack or peel off. Elasticity of glaze
Elasticity of glaze
The ability of the glaze layer to resist compressive stress or tensile stress. 1.9 Wettability of glazes wetting property of glazeThe ability of molten glaze to spread on the surface of the body. 1.10 Sintering
sinter
National Standard Issued on August 11, 1985
Implementation on December 1, 1985
GB5000—85
The process in which the pores of powdered materials or bodies are reduced, the volume is contracted, the density is increased, and the strength is improved to the predetermined requirements under high temperature.
vitrify, vitrification
The process of forming a glass phase during the firing of a molten metal or glaze until the product is fired. Solid phase reaction
solid phase reaction, solid state reactionA reaction in which both the reactants and the products contain solid phases and have different chemical compositions. 1.13
Flux
Substance that can promote the melting of materials at a lower temperature. 1.14Mineralizer
mineralizer
A small amount of substance added during firing to control and promote the formation of crystal phases and the progress of chemical reactions. Chemical composition
chemical composition
The weight percentage of various chemical compounds contained in a material. 1.16Indicative mineral composition
rational analysis of mineralThe chemical composition of a material converted into the theoretical composition of a mineral. 1.17
Empirical formula
Empirical formula
A chemical formula that expresses the quantitative ratio of various components in a material composition. Ceramic materials are usually expressed in terms of the molar number of various oxides. Body formula (battery empirical formula)
Empirical formula of body
An empirical formula of the oxides that make up the ceramic body or body arranged in a specified order. Glaze formula (glaze empirical formula)
Empirical formula of glaze
An empirical formula of the oxides that make up the ceramic glaze or glaze arranged in a specified order. 1.20Acidity coefficient
coefficient of acidity
The ratio of the molar number of acidic oxides in a body formula or glaze formula to the molar number of basic oxides plus neutral oxides calculated according to a specified formula.
Clay-water system
Clay-water system
A system composed of clay dispersed in water. 1.22 Phase composition
phase composition
The percentage of the crystalline phase, glass phase and gas phase in ceramic materials. Free water
free water, free moisture
The moisture that exists between the pores of material particles and is loosely bound to the material. 1.24
adsorbed water
adsorbed water, water of adsorption84
GB5000—85
The moisture that exists on the surface of material particles or in microcapillaries. 1.25 Chemically bound water
chemically combined water
The moisture that participates in the composition of mineral lattices, including structural water and crystallization water. 1.26 Critical moisture
critical moisture content
The moisture when the material is no longer shrinking due to evaporation during drying. Drying equilibrium water
equilibrium moisture contentThe moisture when the material is dried to a state of equilibrium with the temperature and humidity of the surrounding environment. 1.28 Working moisture content
working moisture content
The moisture content of the material when it is most suitable for forming operation. 1.29
Drying medium
drying medium
The hot air flow in the dryer used to evaporate the moisture of the material. Drying cycle
drying period
The time required for the material to dry to the required moisture content. Inner diffusion
inner diffusion
The process of moisture migrating from the inside to the surface of the material when the material is dried. External diffusion
external diffusion
The process of moisture evaporating from the surface of the material to the surrounding medium when the material is dried. 1. 88
Constant rate period of drying
Constant rate period of drying The drying stage in which the inner diffusion rate is equal to the outer diffusion rate and the material surface temperature remains unchanged. Falling rate period of drying
Falling rate period of drying The drying stage in which the outer diffusion rate is greater than the inner diffusion rate and the drying rate gradually decreases. Stratification of hot gases
The phenomenon of uneven distribution of gas temperature along the height of the kiln chamber. 1.86 Resistance of setting
Resistance of setting
The resistance caused by the existence of the material pile when the gas flows in the kiln. 2 Terms of raw materials and auxiliary materials
Plastic raw material
Plastic raw material
Material that gives plasticity and bonding properties to ceramic ingredients. Non-plastic raw material (hemorrhoidal raw material)
non-plastic raw material
Material that does not have plasticity after adding water.
Clay mineral
clay mineral
GB5000-85
Water-containing aluminum silicate crystal mineral with a particle size of less than 2 microns and a layered structure. 2.4 Clay
A natural fine-grained mineral aggregate, the main body of which is clay minerals, and contains some non-clay minerals or organic matter. It is plastic when mixed with water.
25 Primary clayi Residual clay
Clay that remains in the original place after the parent rock is weathered and altered, and is not separated from the parent rock. Secondary clay (sedimentary clay, secondary clay) 2.6
secondary clay sedimentary elay Clay that is transported from its original place by wind and water to a distant place and deposited. 2.7 Kaolinite
kaolinite
-A two-layer structured hydrated aluminum silicate mineral (Al2O3*2SiO2*2HO), named after the village of Gaoling near Jingwei Town, Jiangxi Province, my country where it was first discovered.
2.8 Kaolinite
kaolin
Clay with kaolinite as the main mineral component. 2.9 Sericite
Hydrated muscovite (K,0, 3A1,*6SiO, ·2H,0) with properties similar to clay and a silky luster. 2.10 Porcelain stone
porcelain stonerchina stone
A kind of stone raw material for porcelain making, the main mineral components are silybum and quartz, or contain a small amount of feldspar, kaolinite and carbonate minerals.
2.11 Glaze stone
glaze stone
porcelain stone for glaze making, its mineral composition is similar to that of porcelain stone, but it has a lower melting temperature and the melt has good transparency. 2.12 Porcelain clay
China clay
A common name for earthy or powdery raw materials with plasticity. Mainly used for porcelain making. 2.13 Petuntsex petunze
A slang term used in the porcelain turning industry in Jingdezhen. It is a brick-shaped ceramic raw material made from original kaolin, porcelain stone or glaze stone after crushing and washing.
2,14Pottery clay
A raw material with many impurities and complex mineral composition, mainly used for pottery making. 2.15Kibushibzxz.net
Kibushi
A kind of highly plastic sedimentary clay rich in organic matter, the main mineral components of which are kaolinite, kaolinite and gibbsite. 86
2.16Diaspore clay
GB 5000— 85
A hard clay with high refractoriness and compact block shape. The mineral composition is kaolinite, gibbsite and gibbsite. Kaolinite mudstone (kaolinite coal mudstone) 2.17
tonstein
A compact block hard clay with kaolinite as the main component and a certain amount of quartz sand grains covering the coal seam. 2.18 Quartz
quartz
Naturally occurring crystalline silicon dioxide.
felds par
General name for a series of non-hydrous alkali or alkaline earth aluminum silicate minerals. 2.20 Talc
Naturally occurring hydrous magnesium silicate mineral (3MgO·4SiOz·H,O). 2.21
bone ash
Product of animal bones calcined at high temperatures. The main component is calcium phosphate. Mullite
mullite
A stable compound formed by aluminum oxide and silicon oxide at high temperatures (3A2O3·2SiO,). 2.23
blue jadeite
cordierite
A magnesium aluminum silicate with a small thermal expansion coefficient (2MgO·2Al,O,·5SiO). 2.24 Gypsum
gypsum
Ore mainly composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO·2H,O). 2.25
semi-hydrated gypsum
plaster of pairs, semi-hydrated gypsumCalcium sulfate (CaSO·-H20) with half a molecule of crystal water obtained by heating and dehydrating gypsum
α-semi-hydrated gypsum
α- plaster of pairs, α -semihydrated gypsumGypsum is a semi-hydrated gypsum (α-CasO,HO) with a large crystal size and needle-shaped crystals obtained by pressure cooking gypsum in the presence of water vapor.
β-semi-hydrated gypsum
β - plaster of pairs, β -- semi-hydrated gypsumGypsum is a semi-hydrated gypsum (β-CaSO.·H20) with irregular crumbs and a large specific surface area obtained by frying gypsum under normal pressure.
2.28 Diluent
deflocculating agent
Electrolytes that can improve or enhance the fluidity of mud and prevent mud flocculation. 2.29 Suspending agent
suspending agent
An additive that can prevent the separation of components of glaze slurry and mud due to sedimentation and maintain good suspension and stability. 87
2.30 Opacifying agent
GB 5000—85
opacifying agent
Substance that can suspend in the glaze with extremely fine insoluble particles to diffuse the light and make the glaze opaque. Bright liquid gold
bright liquid gold
Gold-containing organic liquid decorative material that emits a golden luster after firing. 2.32
bright liquid platinum
bright liquid platinum
made by replacing part of the gold compounds in bright gold water with organic complexes of palladium or platinum: an organic liquid decorative material with a silvery-white luster after firing. Bright platinum water made by replacing part of the gold compounds in bright gold water with organic complexes of palladium is also called bright palladium water. 2.33
liguid lustre
an organic liquid decorative material with a metallic or pearlescent luster after firing. 2.34coloring agent
colouring agent
a substance that makes ceramic bodies, glazes and pigments present various colors. 2.35
pigment
an inorganic coloring material made by mixing coloring agents and other raw materials and firing. Flux for pigment is a glassy substance that lowers and regulates the melting temperature in pigment manufacturing. Ceramic pigment is a colored inorganic ceramic decorative material made by mixing color base and flux. 2.38 Over-glaze pigment is a glassy pigment with a low melting temperature and used for overglaze decoration, which is made of color base and flux. Under-glaze pigment is a pigment made of color base and additives and used for underglaze decoration. Decal paper for ceramic ware is a printed product made by printing ceramic pigment on paper or plastic film to form a pattern and used for ceramic decal decoration. Modifier is an oil, rubber and other materials used to mix decorative pigments, inks, etc. Saggar coating material
Saggar coating material
Refractory material applied to the edge, inner wall and outer bottom of the saggar to prevent the saggar from sticking to each other and falling slag. 3 Technical terminology
Ceramic technology
ceramic process Method and process for producing ceramic products.
Material used for making batch material after processing and refining. GB 5000--85
3.3 Body scraps recovered batch material Residual mud recovered in the forming process and the broken pieces of each process. 3.4 Clay cake
Clay cake
Clay sheet with a certain thickness for plastic forming. 3.5 Casting slip
Casting slip
Batch material is added with appropriate amount of water to prepare a slurry that meets the requirements of casting and forming. Binder clay, sticking clay
Slurry or soft clay used to bond separately formed parts into a whole. 3.7 Orientation of particles The state in which the long axes of particles in the clay or base are arranged in a certain direction. Glaze material The material used to form a glaze surface after being processed and refined and applied to the base surface. Glaze slip Glaze slip The glaze is prepared by adding an appropriate amount of water to form a slurry that meets the requirements of glazing. 3.10 Cancentration of glaze slip Refers to the weight percentage of dry materials in the glaze slip. It is generally expressed by the water content, specific gravity or Baume of the glaze slip. 3.11 Frit Material made by melting water-soluble raw materials, toxic raw materials and other ingredients. 3.12 Fritted glaze Glaze made by adding a proper amount of raw materials to the glaze slip. 3.13 Raw glaze
Raw glaze
Glaze made mainly of raw materials and without frit.
3.14 Clay glaze
Glaze made of natural fusible clay and used directly after processing. 3.15 Opaque glaze
Opaque glaze
Glaze with an emulsifier added. After firing, infusible particles are suspended in the glaze, and the glaze is in an opacified state. 89
3.16 Feldspathic glaze
Glaze made mainly of feldspathic raw materials. Lime glaze
Glaze made mainly of calcium raw materials.
3.18 Lead glaze
Lead glaze
Glaze with lead compounds as the main flux. 3.19 Salt glaze
Salt glaze
GB 5000—85
Glaze formed by the reaction of the surface of the ceramic body with the salt vapor in the kiln under high temperature. Coloured glaze
Glaze containing appropriate amount of colouring agent, glaze with coloured surface after firing. Fancy glaze
Glaze with a glaze surface showing a mixture of various colours and different patterns. 3.22
Copper red glaze
Copper red glaze
A general term for a series of coloured glazes with copper as the colouring agent, fired in a high temperature reducing atmosphere, with the main colour being red. The main varieties are Junhong, Langyaohong, Jihong, Taohuapian, etc.
Iron-blue glaze
iran-blue glaze
Using iron as a colorant, fired in a high-temperature reducing atmosphere, the main color tone ranges from blue-white to dark green. The main varieties are Yuebai, Yingqing, Longquan, Douqing, Doulu, Fenqing, Tianqing, Cangqing, Yuqing, Xiekeqing, etc. Iron-black glaze
iron-black glaze
Using iron as a colorant, fired in a high-temperature oxidizing atmosphere, the main color tone is black-brown. The main varieties are Bird Gold Glaze, Tianmu, Jianhei, Oil Drop, Xingzhan, Long, Rabbit Bo, Tea Dust, Rust Flower, etc. 3.25 Matt glaze
Artistic glaze with weak reflective ability, no glass luster on the surface, but soft silky or velvety luster. 3.26 Crackle glaze
Glaze with clear cracks in the glaze layer, which gives the product a unique artistic effect. Crystalline glaze
Crystalline glaze
Artistic glaze with obvious visible crystals in the glaze layer. Engobe
Colored material applied to the surface of ceramic body. It does not vitrify after firing and generally serves as a covering or decoration. Elutriation
GB 5000--85
A method of selecting raw materials by stirring powdered raw materials in water and separating coarse particles and inclusions by using the difference in gravity. 3.30Hydraulic cyclone method
hydraulic cyelone method
Method of selecting raw materials by using a hydrocyclone to separate powdered raw materials according to their specific gravity and particle size under the action of centrifugal force.
3.31Sieving
sieving
The operation of passing powdered raw materials and bad glaze through a sieve. De-ironings iron removal
Removing iron impurities from raw materials or bad glaze by physical or chemical methods. 3.33
Magnetic de-ironing
magnetic de-ironing
A physical de-ironing method that uses a magnetic separator to separate ferromagnetic substances such as iron and its oxides from ceramic raw materials and bad glazes.
3.34 Stirring
stirring
The operation of dispersing materials in water, mixing them evenly, or keeping stored mud and glaze slurry in suspension by various methods. 3.35 Grinding
grinding
The operation of splitting solid materials from large pieces into small pieces and even fine powder under the action of external force. Vacuum feeding
vacuum feeding
The feeding method of using vacuum effect to make slurry enter the ball mill. Pressure discharging
pressure discharging
The method of using compressed air to speed up the slurry discharge speed of the ball mill. Slip de watering
The operation of removing excess water from the mud.
Filter pressing
The operation of dehydrating the mud by using a filter press. 3.40 Spray drying of slip
The process of dehydrating and granulating slip using a spray dryer. 3.41 Pugging
The process of kneading plasticized blanks with a vacuum pugging machine or other methods to disperse the gas in the blanks, make the water uniform and improve the plasticity.
3.42 Ageing
The process of storing the blanks in a suitable temperature and high humidity environment for a certain period of time to improve their forming properties. 91
Batching of body and glaze
GB 5000--85
The weight percentage of various raw materials in blanks and glazes. 3. 44 Screen oversize
Screen over-size
refers to the percentage of the weight of the residue on the sieve to the total weight of the dry sample after the material is sieved. 3.45
fineness particle size
refers to the size of solid particles. In ceramic production, it is usually expressed by the screen oversize of the standard sieve. Process technical parameters
technical data
Technical data specified for each production process to control the process to proceed according to the predetermined requirements. These technical data are collectively referred to as process technical parameters.
Domestic ceramic modeling
design of domestic ceramics
Domestic ceramics III style designed and produced according to the requirements of beauty and use, combined with the specifications of the modeling techniques of the objects. Shaping
Shaping forming
The operation of making the blank into a blank with a certain shape and specification. 3.49
Plastic forming
Plastic forming.
A method of forming a molded body by plastic deformation of a plastic material under the action of an external force. Throwing
Throwing
A method of forming a molded body by hand-drawing on a rotating rail car. Hand-pressing
A method of manually squeezing a plastic material in a mold to stretch it and form it. 3.52
Shaping by handcraft work
Shaping by handcraft work
A method of manually carving, inlaying, and bonding a plastic material to form a molded body. Template jiggering
A method of squeezing, scraping, and shearing a plastic material placed in a rotating plaster mold with a mold knife to expand it and form a molded body.
3.54-type knife
template
A knife with a certain thickness and a specific blade working arc used for knife forming. Press forming
roller forming
A method of rolling a plastic blank in a mold rotating in the same direction with a rotating roller head, and the blank is evenly expanded under the action of the rolling force to form a blank body.
roller-head
GB 5000-85
A rotating body with a required generatrix used for rolling forming. Roller head inelination
The angle between the center line of the dredging head and the center line of the mold base. 3.58
Plastic extrusion forming
r am pressing
A method of placing a plastic blank in two porous molds and extruding and rapidly dehydrating it to form a blank body. 3.59
Casting
A method of injecting slurry into a porous mold and forming it with the help of the water absorption capacity of the mold. 3.60
Hollow casting
Hollow casting
A method of injecting slurry into a porous mold and removing excess slurry to form a hollow molded part when the molded part reaches the required thickness.
Solid casting
Solid casting
A method of injecting slurry into a porous mold and forming a molded part between two molds without removing excess slurry. 3.62
Suction time
The time required to form a molded part of the required thickness during slurry injection. Dry pressing
dry pressing
A method of placing granular powder with a moisture content of less than 6% in a mold and directly subjecting it to pressure. Semi-dry pressing
Semi-dry pressing
A method of placing granular powder with a moisture content of 6-12% in a mold and directly subjecting it to pressure. Isostatic pressing
Isostatic pressing
A method of compacting granular powder in an elastic soft mold by receiving a balanced pressure transmitted by a liquid or gas medium. 3.66月
demoulding, mould-release
The process of separating the model from the mold body.
green body
A semi-finished product that has been formed but not fired.
crude green body
A raw body with a rough surface that has not been processed or trimmed. 3.69
finished green body
refers to green body that has been trimmed or otherwise finely processed but has not yet been bisque fired or glazed. Biscuit ware
biscuit ware
a piece that has been bisque fired.
3.71glaze ring
glazed body
a piece that has been glazed.
3.72dressing
dressing finishing
GB 5000 - $5
The operation of manually beating green body with a certain moisture content to make it meet the requirements of the design. $.73fettling
fettlingt trimming
The operation of processing and trimming green body to make its shape and surface finish meet the requirements. Fin trimming is the process of shaving, thinning, leveling and polishing the rough surface with a tool according to the required shape. Smoothing is the process of scraping the mold seam marks on the surface of the mouth, handle and ears with a tool and bonding them into the required shape. $.76Binding is the process of sticking up the separately formed parts with adhesive mud to form a complete body. 3.Body drying is the process of removing non-chemically bound water from the body. 3.78Drying schedule is the process of setting the drying time and speed, temperature and humidity of the drying medium and other parameters in each stage of the drying process to achieve the best drying effect.
$.79wet wiping
wet wiping
before glazing, use a sponge, brush or other tool to wipe or wash the body surface with water to remove dust and make the body surface smooth. 3:80water replenishingr body wetting before glazingbefore glazing, use a brush to wipe a small amount of water on certain parts of the body to make the body obtain a uniform thickness of glaze layer. 3.81
bottom cutiing
the operation of cutting out the bottom of the body with a tool. Glazing
glazing
the operation of covering the body surface with a layer of glaze. #.83
glaze removal wiping off glazethe operation of wiping or scraping off the glaze layer on the parts that do not need to be glazed. 84
body inspection
the process of inspecting the body quality.72 Dressing
dressing finishing
GB 5000 - $5
The operation of manually beating rough pieces with a certain moisture content to make them meet the requirements of the design. $.73 Fettling
Fettlingt trimming
The operation of processing and trimming rough pieces to make their shape and surface finish meet the requirements. Fin trimming
Fin trimming
The operation of using a tool to shave, thin, flatten and polish the rough pieces according to the required shape. Smoothing
Smoothing
The operation of using a tool to scrape the mold seam marks on the surface of the mouth, handle and ear rough pieces, and bonding them into the required shape. $.76 Binding
Bindingt sticking up
The operation of bonding the separately formed parts into a complete piece with bonding mud. 3.
Body drying
The process of removing non-chemically bound water from the body. 3.78
Drying schedule
Drying time and speed at each stage of the drying process, temperature and humidity of the drying medium, etc. are stipulated to achieve the best drying effect.
$.79Wet wiping
Wet wiping
Before glazing, use a sponge, brush or other tool to wipe or wash the body surface with water to remove dust and make the surface smooth. 3:80Water replenishingr body wetting before glazing Before glazing, use a brush to wipe a small amount of water on certain parts of the body so that the body can obtain a uniform thickness of glaze. 3.81
Bottom cutiing
The operation of cutting out the bottom of the body with a tool. Glazing
glazing
The process of covering the body with a layer of glaze. #.83
glaze removal wiping off glazeThe process of wiping off glaze from areas that do not need glazing. 84
body inspection
The process of inspecting the body quality.72 Dressing
dressing finishing
GB 5000 - $5
The operation of manually beating rough pieces with a certain moisture content to make them meet the requirements of the design. $.73 Fettling
Fettlingt trimming
The operation of processing and trimming rough pieces to make their shape and surface finish meet the requirements. Fin trimming
Fin trimming
The operation of using a tool to shave, thin, flatten and polish the rough pieces according to the required shape. Smoothing
Smoothing
The operation of using a tool to scrape the mold seam marks on the surface of the mouth, handle and ear rough pieces, and bonding them into the required shape. $.76 Binding
Bindingt sticking up
The operation of bonding the separately formed parts into a complete piece with bonding mud. 3.
Body drying
The process of removing non-chemically bound water from the body. 3.78
Drying schedule
Drying time and speed at each stage of the drying process, temperature and humidity of the drying medium, etc. are stipulated to achieve the best drying effect.
$.79Wet wiping
Wet wiping
Before glazing, use a sponge, brush or other tool to wipe or wash the body surface with water to remove dust and make the surface smooth. 3:80Water replenishingr body wetting before glazing Before glazing, use a brush to wipe a small amount of water on certain parts of the body so that the body can obtain a uniform thickness of glaze. 3.81
Bottom cutiing
The operation of cutting out the bottom of the body with a tool. Glazing
glazing
The process of covering the body with a layer of glaze. #.83
glaze removal wiping off glazeThe process of wiping off glaze from areas that do not need glazing. 84
body inspection
The process of inspecting the body quality.
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