GB/T 3386-1988 Performance evaluation methods for electric and pneumatic analog recorders and indicators for industrial process measurement and control systems
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China Methods of evalunting the performance of electrical and pneumatic analog recorders and indicators for industrial-process measurement and control systems GB 681.2 : 53.082: 621.503 GB 3386--88 3386-82
This standard refers to and adopts the International Geotechnical Commission (IEC) publication 873 "Methods for evaluating the performance of electric and pneumatic analogue recorders in industrial process control systems" (1986, 1st edition). 1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the performance evaluation method for electric and pneumatic analogue recorders and indicators in industrial process measurement and control systems. The performance evaluation method specified in this standard is applicable to recorders and indicators (hereinafter referred to as instruments, respectively referred to as recorders and indicators) that receive electric or pneumatic analogue signals in industrial process measurement and control systems. Recorders include single-pen, multi-pen and multi-point recorders; indicators include single-needle, multi-needle and multi-point indicators. This standard is applicable to instruments used under general working conditions: the additional tests required for instruments used under special working conditions shall not exceed the scope of this standard. This standard also does not include additional tests required for the performance evaluation of instrument attachments. Some tests specified in this standard may not be applicable to certain types of instruments. These instruments can select applicable tests and supplement the required additional tests according to the type of instrument. 2 Reference standards
ZBY247 Industrial Automation Instrumentation Terminology
3 Test conditions
3.1 Environmental conditions
3.1.1 Standard reference atmospheric conditions
Temperature: 20t
Relative density:
65%:
101.3kPa( 1013mbar)
3.1.2 Reference test atmospheric conditions
The reference performance of the instrument shall be tested under the following atmospheric conditions during arbitration: Temperature: 20±2℃;
Relative humidity:
Atmospheric pressure:
60%～70%;
86~106kPa(8601060mbar)
For instruments used in tropical, subtropical or other special environments, the overall atmospheric conditions shall comply with the relevant standards. 3.1.3 General test atmospheric conditions
Approved by the State Machinery Industry Commission on May 12, 1988 and implemented on January 1, 1989
CB 336—88
When the test is impossible or unnecessary to be carried out under the reverse test atmospheric conditions, the following atmospheric sampling is recommended: Temperature: 15~3st
Relative elevation: 45%~75%:
Atmospheric pressure: 86106kPa (860~1060mbar) During each test, the maximum allowable temperature change rate is 1/10mi. 3.1.4 Other environmental conditions
In addition to the above atmospheric conditions, the test should also be carried out under the following environmental conditions: Field: In addition to the geomagnetic field, other external magnetic fields should be minimized. Mechanical vibration can be ignored: Mechanical perturbation should be small enough to be ignored 3.2 Power conditions
3.2.1 Nominal value
According to the provisions of relevant standards,
3.2.2 Differential
3.2.2.1 Ground source
Voltage:
Frequency:
Harmonic content:
Ripple:
3.2.2 2 Air source
Pressure:
Air supply filtration:
Air supply mixture:
Oil-free and dust-free:
± 1%:
<5% AC power supply)
<0.1% (DC power supply)
± 1%;
Environmental humidity 2
Dew point is at least 10° lower than the humidity of the instrument:
Oil content is not more than 10tg/m3, dust particles are not more than 3um, it is considered to be an "oil-free and dust-free gas source. 4 General test requirements
4.1 The instrument shall be put into operation according to the manufacturer's instruction manual, especially the relevant instructions for advance notice. 4.2 Except for the working position influence test, the instrument shall be in the normal working position specified by the relevant standards or the manufacturer during the test. 4.3 The instrument test shall be carried out under the condition that the meter door is closed. 4.4 Unless otherwise specified in the document, it is not allowed to gently drum or shake the test meter during the test, and the lower limit value and range of the instrument shall not be adjusted:
4.5 Unless otherwise specified in the article, the influence panel shall only be affected by the working conditions within the specified range. Other The working conditions should be kept stable under the reference working conditions. The influence of the influencing disk on the instrument should be determined at the limit value of normal working conditions specified in the relevant standards or manufacturers.
Due to the limitation of conditions, it is impossible to conduct the influence quantity test under the reference test atmospheric conditions. It can be conducted under the general test atmospheric conditions.
4.6 The error limit of the test measurement system should be stated in the test report and should not be greater than one-fourth of the error limit of the instrument under test. 4.7 After the electric instrument is powered on, it should be preheated according to the time specified by the manufacturer to stabilize the internal temperature of the instrument. If the manufacturer does not specify, preheating is allowed for 30 minutes.
4.8 Unless otherwise specified in the article, the input signal should not have obvious fluctuations during the test, and the change speed of the input signal should be slow enough to ensure that no overshoot occurs at any test point.
4.9 During the whole test process, the recording instrument shall use the recording paper and ink supplied by the manufacturer of the instrument. 4.10 During the test, the input signal shall be applied to the instrument under test and the standard instrument at the same time, so that the standard instrument reaches the required value, and then the indication of the instrument under test is read.
GB 3386--88
For the convenience of measurement, the input signal can be adjusted to make the recording pen or pointer of the instrument under test align with a certain scale line, and then read the indication of the standard instrument.
4.11 Multi-needle, solid pen and multi-point instruments shall be tested in sequence needle by needle, pen by pen and point by point. Each recording pen or pointer not under test shall be located at a position that does not affect the reading of the recording pen or pointer. 4.12 Unless otherwise specified in the provisions, the test results shall be calculated as a percentage of the input master. 4.13 The technical indicators specified by the relevant standards or manufacturers shall be listed in the blank column of the relevant test results in the test report for comparison.
5 Tests related to accuracy
5.1 General
5.1.1 The instrument under test and the test equipment shall be stabilized under the specified test conditions. The tests shall be carried out under such conditions. All working conditions that may affect the test results shall be observed at any time and recorded. 5.1.2 For instruments with adjustable lower limit and/or range, the lower limit and/or range shall be adjusted before the test to minimize the errors between the upper and lower limits.
5.1.3 The test points shall be at least five points including the upper and lower limits (or within 10% of the range near them). The test points shall be evenly distributed over the entire measuring range. The number of test points shall be commensurate with the accuracy of the instrument under test and the performance being evaluated. 5.1.4 During the test, the input signal must approach the test point in the same direction as the initial input signal. 5.1.5 Before the formal test, the instrument under test shall be moved through the full measuring range for three cycles. 5.1.6 When testing a certain point of a multi-point instrument, the other points should be connected to energy. 52 Measurement cycle
The instrument should be tested over the entire measuring range, with the up and down strokes as a full cycle, and at least three cycles of testing should be performed. Observe and record the input signal value and the indicated value at each test point. 5.3 Error table
Determine the difference between the indicated value of each test point and the corresponding actual value. The difference is the error and is expressed as a percentage of the input range. If the indicated value is greater than the actual value, it is a positive error, otherwise it is a negative error. Calculate the error at each test point and the average error of the up and down stroke test points, and carve out an error table in the form of Appendix A Table A1.
5.4 Error curve
If necessary, the error curves of the upper stroke error average, the lower stroke error average and the upper and lower stroke error average can be made according to the error table obtained in Article 5.3 to show their consistency with the specified characteristic curve (see Appendix A Figure A1) 5.5 Basic error
The basic error is determined by the maximum positive or negative error value in the error table in Article 5.3 (see Appendix A Tables A1 and A2) 5.6 Measurement error
The measurement error is 5.3. The maximum positive or negative error value between the average value of the upper stroke error and the average value of the lower stroke error in the error table (see Appendix A Table A1 and Table A2). 5.1 End Base Consistency Error
The end base consistency error is directly determined by the error curve of Article 5.4. Make a specified characteristic curve so that it coincides with the average error curve at the lower limit and upper limit. b. The maximum difference between the average error curve and the specified characteristic curve is the end base consistency error (see Appendix A Figure A1 and Table A2).
5.8 Hysteresis
The hysteresis is determined by the maximum difference between the average value of the upper stroke error and the average value of the lower stroke error at each test point in the error table of Article 5.3 (see Appendix A Table A1 and Table A2).
5.9 Dead Zone
GB 338688
The dead zone should be measured at three points of approximately 10%, 50% and 90% of the input maximum stroke. The measurement steps are as follows: a. Slowly change (increase or decrease) the input signal until a perceptible change in the indication is just seen: b. Record the input signal value; c. Slowly change (decrease or increase) the input signal in the opposite direction until a perceptible change in the indication is just seen: d. Record the input signal value, the increment of the input signal (the difference between items b and d) is the dead zone. At least three cycles (items a to d) should be measured at each test point, and the maximum value should be taken and listed in the test report. 5,10 Repeatability error Repeatability error is determined by the root mean square of the deviation between the error values of each item at the same test point and the same stroke and its average error value in the error table of 5.3 (see Appendix A Figure A1, Table A1 and Table A2) 6 Influence quantity test 6.1 General Unless otherwise specified in the system specification, the influence of the influence quantity on the instrument should be determined by the average value of the three measurement results of the stroke. Unless otherwise specified in the clause, the impact quantity is generally determined by the change of the lower limit value and the range. The rate of change of the impact quantity should be slow enough to ensure that the instrument under test does not overshoot under any circumstances. Note: When testing the recorder, attention should be paid to the possible impact of the impact quantity on the paper-cutting speed and recording quality. 6.2 Power supply distortion
6.2.1 Main power supply change
When the voltage and frequency of the AC power supply or the voltage of the DC power supply changes according to the following combination, measure the resulting changes in the lower limit value and range of the instrument:
AC power supply:
Voltage dial: nominal value
h, nominal value
110% of the nominal value
110% of the nominal value
110% of the nominal value
&. 8% of the nominal value
h. Nominal value 85%
85% of the nominal value
DC power supply:
a: nominal value
b. 110% of the nominal value
c. 85% of the nominal value
Nominal value
102% of the nominal value
90% of the nominal value
Nominal value
102% of the nominal value
90% of the nominal value
Nominal value
102% of the nominal value
90% of the nominal value
Note: ①If the relevant standards stipulate that there are smaller tolerances for voltage and (or) frequency, the relevant standards shall apply. ③If necessary, the change influence test of the AC power supply can be simplified to the following combined change test
a. Nominal value
b. 110% of nominal value
5110% of nominal value
d85% of nominal value
85% of nominal value
6.2.2 Short power interruption
Nominal value
102% of nominal value
90% of nominal value
102% of nominal value
90% of nominal
GB 3386-88
The purpose of this test is to determine the shutdown characteristics and recovery time of the instrument when switching from the specified power supply to the backup power supply. During the test, the recording pen or pointer of the instrument should be set on the scale line near the midpoint of the recording paper or the scale. For instruments powered by AC, the interruption time should be 1, 5, 10 and 25 at the intersection or random phase. For instruments powered by DC, the interruption time is: 5, 20, 200 and 500ms. Observe and record the following values
. b. The maximum instantaneous positive or negative change of the indicated value
b. The time it takes for the indicated value to reach its steady-state value and remain within the basic error limit after the power supply is reconnected: c. Any permanent change of the indicated value
If switching at a random phase, this test should be repeated 10 times, and the time between two tests should be at least 10 times the interruption time. If switching at the intersection point (peak value), only three tests are required, and the maximum value of multiple tests is taken. 6.2.3 Power drop
During the test, the recording frame or pointer of the instrument should be set on the scale line of the upper defect value, and the power supply voltage is reduced to 75% of the nominal value and maintained for 5s. Observe and record the amplitude and duration of any transient changes in the indicated value The test circuit of power supply transient overvoltage is shown in Figure 1. The protection device is the instrument under test. The power supply is transient pulse generator. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of power supply transient overvoltage test circuit During the test, the recording pen or pointer of the instrument should be set on the scale line near the midpoint of the recording paper or scale. The peak voltage applied to the main power supply is generated by the discharge of the capacitor. The energy of the capacitor is 0.1. The amplitude of the peak voltage is 100% and 500% of the effective value of the main power supply voltage. The main power supply line should be protected by a suppression filter including a 500mHz rejection coil. Two pulses should be applied to each amplitude, and their phases are the same as the peak voltage of the main power supply; or 10 pulses that are random to the local power supply should be applied. 3386—88
Observe and record any transient and long-term changes in the values indicated by the instrument. 6.3 Change in air source pressure
During the test, the recording pen or pointer of the instrument should be set on the scale line near 90% of the range. When the air source pressure is the nominal value, 110% of the nominal value and 90% of the nominal value respectively, observe and record the changes in the values indicated by the instrument. During the test, the air source pressure should be stable.
6.4 Electrical interference
6.4.1 Common mode interference
This test is only applicable to instruments with insulation between the wiring terminals and ground. The test is carried out by measuring the changes in the lower limit value and range caused by a 250V AC voltage that is phase-shifted with the main power supply frequency and applied between each input terminal and ground. If the value specified in the relevant standard is less than 250V, this smaller value can be used instead. The phase of the voltage should be able to change within 360° with respect to the phase of the instrument power input.
The test circuit is shown in Figure 2
Test instrument
Meter external grounding
Adjustable
SGI AC voltage unit
Common mode AC generator
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of common mode interference test circuit
Test instrument
Meter shell connection
Adjustable true current
Common mode current generator
Then repeat this test with DC voltage instead of AC voltage: use a DC voltage of 50V or a voltage 1000 times the input range, whichever is smaller. Both positive and negative voltages should be applied. If the value specified in the relevant standard is less than 50V, the smaller value should be used. During the common mode interference test, the instrument should be provided with input by an input signal source that is not affected by the common mode voltage. For current input instruments, a capacitor of not less than 10uF should be connected across the output terminals; for voltage input instruments, the signal source should be a voltage source, and its output impedance should not be greater than 1002 at the main power supply frequency. Note: When performing common mode interference tests, the test voltage is usually connected to both input terminals at the same time. If the impedance between the terminals is relatively lower than the impedance of the ground, the test results produced by the two methods are equivalent. 6.4.2 Series-mode interference
This test is used to determine the influence of an AC voltage (sequential mode voltage) with the same frequency as the main power source on the instrument display value when it is added in series to the input terminal.
The test circuit is shown in Figure 3.
Input signal source
GB 3386---88
Receiving meter external grounding
Phase and value adjustable
50Hz current generator JF unit
Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the series-mode interference test circuit
The series-mode voltage is generated by the secondary of the transformer. The secondary of the transformer is shunted with a parallel resistor of up to 102 and connected to the input terminal: the side of the transformer secondary that is not directly connected to the instrument and connected in parallel with the load resistor should be grounded. During the test, the pen or pointer of the meter should be set on the scale lines near 10% and 90% of the recording paper or scale. Disconnect the meter from the test circuit, adjust the primary voltage of the transformer, and set the middle mode voltage across the load resistor at 1V peak value: if the relevant standards stipulate that the series mode voltage is less than 1V peak value, it should be in accordance with the provisions of the relevant standards. Then connect the meter to the test circuit, adjust the phase of the interference voltage (0"-360"), and make the change of the meter value maximum. 6.5 Grounding
This test is only applicable to instruments with input terminals tightly connected to the ground. Connect each input terminal to the ground in turn, measure and calculate the changes in the instrument's lower limit and range, and any transient changes. Carefully eliminate the effects of the grounding of the test equipment's input circuit. Note: For instruments with thermocouple disconnect resistors, disconnect the disconnect resistors before testing. 66 Input side external resistance
This test is only applicable to instruments with positive clamping. Change the input wire's resistance from the minimum value specified in the relevant standards or manufacturers to the maximum value, and measure and calculate the resulting instrument lower limit value and maximum range changes
Note: For instruments with thermocouple disconnect resistors, the disconnect resistor should be disconnected before testing. 6.7 External magnetic field
The purpose of this test is to determine the effect of the alternating magnetic field of the main power frequency on the instrument. This test is not suitable for instruments that only use pneumatic signals.
This test should be carried out in an external magnetic field with a magnetic field strength of 400Am generated by alternating current or direct current with a frequency of 50Hz. During the test, the instrument's recording pen or pointer should be set on the scale line near the midpoint of the recording paper or scale. GB 3386-88
Put the instrument on the center turntable of the magnetic field coil. The signal source and standard instrument should be at least 3m away from the magnetic field. Turn the center turntable and the magnetic field line away. Also adjust the phase shifter (0"~360°) to make the instrument in the most unfavorable magnetic field direction and phase: measure and calculate the resulting instrument lower limit value and range changes under this condition. Note: If the relevant standard stipulates that the magnetic field illumination is less than 40 centimeters, the relevant standard should be followed. 6.8 Installation position
During the test, move the instrument from the positive position specified by the manufacturer to the positive position specified by the manufacturer. The normal working position is tilted 10 degrees forward, backward, left and right respectively, and the maximum tilt specified by the manufacturer is measured and calculated. The changes in the lower limit value and the maximum range of the instrument are measured and calculated. Note: The recorder should pay special attention to the recording quality. 6.9 Overrange
Apply the input signal of the lower limit value to the instrument and slowly increase it to the maximum overrange value specified in the relevant standards for 1m, then reduce the input signal to the lower limit value for 5m, measure and calculate the changes in the lower limit value and the range. 6,10 Ambient temperature
This test should be carried out in a temperature test chamber The test temperature and test sequence are as follows: +20 + 40 ℃, +55t, +20, c; -10c. -25c. +20t. The temperature not included in the normal working temperature range of the instrument shall not be tested: if the highest and (or) lowest temperature of the normal working temperature range of the instrument is close to the above humidity, the highest and (or) lowest temperature of the normal working temperature range shall be used instead. The temperature shall be changed gradually, and the allowable deviation of each temperature shall be ±0.5%. There shall be enough time at each temperature to make the internal temperature of the meter reach thermal stability. |Measure the lower limit and range of the meter at the same temperature, and calculate the change every 10°C change in temperature. In the environmental temperature test, special attention should be paid to the recording quality of the recorder. 6.11 Wet heat
This test is suitable for electric meters.
The meter should be placed under the reference working conditions for 24 hours, and the basic error and hysteresis of the meter should be measured. Then the meter should be placed in the sensible heat test chamber, and the temperature and relative humidity of the test chamber should be 40°C-91°C, and maintained for at least 25 hours. In the last 45 days, the power supply should be turned on. Immediately after the end of this period, measure the indication of the meter, take the meter out of the test chamber, and check whether the meter has arcing, condensed water accumulation, and component damage. The meter should be placed under the reference working conditions for no less than 24 hours, and the basic error and hysteresis of the meter should be measured. 6.12 Mechanical vibration The purpose of the
test is to determine the influence of mechanical vibration to which the instrument is subjected during operation on the indicated value and to determine whether the strength of the instrument can meet the requirements under these conditions. During the
test, the recording range or pointer of the instrument should be set on the scale line near the midpoint of the recording paper or scale. The instrument shall be mounted on the vibration test bench in the prescribed mounting method and subjected to linear positive vibration on three mutually perpendicular axes: one of which shall be in the vertical direction. The stiffness of the vibration table, mounting plate and any mounting bracket on which the instrument is mounted shall minimize the loss of the pulse transmitted to the instrument, without increasing the amplitude or generating resonance. The test shall be conducted in three stages.
Stage 1: Finding my first marriage
The purpose of this stage is to understand the response of the instrument to vibration, determine the spectral vibration frequency and collect the data required to find the final resonance. The frequency sweep shall be conducted in the following frequency range and displacement amplitude or acceleration: Frequency: 10~60Hz, displacement amplitude: 0.07mm Frequency: 60~150Hz, acceleration: 9.8m/s2 Note: The above vibration is equivalent to the working conditions of the control space and the field (low vibration level). If the instrument adopts other frequency ranges and displacement amplitudes or accelerations, it shall comply with the relevant regulations.
GB 3386—88
The frequency sweep shall be continuous and logarithmic, with a sweep rate of one-half octave per minute. During the sweep, the frequency at which the indication changes significantly and mechanical resonance occurs shall be recorded. Phase II: Vibration resistance test
The instrument shall be subjected to vibration for half an hour on each of three perpendicular planes, one of which shall be vertical. On each plane, the test shall be carried out at the frequency of the maximum mechanical resonance obtained in the first phase. If no resonance is found, the test shall be carried out at the maximum frequency specified by the working conditions. | |tt||Stage 3: Finding the final resonance
The method of finding the most resonant frequency is the same as that of the first stage, and the same frequency range and displacement amplitude or amplitude are used. The obtained resonant frequency and the frequency that causes a significant change in the indication should be carefully compared with those obtained in the first stage. The difference between the two may be caused by elastic deformation, which will cause the mechanical structure to begin to crack. The final inspection: After the operation test, the instrument should be carefully checked for mechanical damage and the basic error and hysteresis of the instrument should be measured. 6.13 Qualitative
6.13.1 The purpose of this test is to determine the change in indication within a certain period of time immediately after the meter is connected to energy. During the test, the meter should be placed under reference working conditions for 24 hours, but without connecting energy. Then, an input signal of 10% of the scale is applied to the meter, and the energy is connected. The indications at 5mh and 4h are recorded. The maximum difference between the two adjacent times is the starting drift at low input range. Disconnect the energy, and place the meter under reference working conditions for another 24 hours. Repeat the above test with an input signal of 90% of the scale. The starting drift at high input range is measured. The maximum value of the two is taken as the starting drift of the meter. 6.13.2 Long-term drift
test Before the test, the meter should be placed under reference working conditions for 24 hours, and the lower limit value and range of the meter should be measured and calculated. Then the meter should be operated continuously for 30 hours under reference working conditions with a constant input signal of 90% of the range. During the test, the changes in the meter indication value should be observed and recorded every day. After the test, the lower limit value and range of the meter should be measured and calculated immediately. The changes in the lower limit value and range before and after the test are called long-stroke drift. 6.14 Accelerated life (operation) test
6.14.1 Single-needle, single-pen and multi-needle, old-pen meters should apply an alternating input signal with a value of about 45% of the range and a common midpoint at the midpoint of the recording paper or scale to the meter. The optimal frequency should be 0.1Hz. Unless otherwise specified in the relevant standards, the instrument should run 10 cycles. The instrument's lower limit value, range and mid-range hysteresis should be measured before and after the test, and any changes should be recorded. 6.14.2 Multi-point meter
Appropriately select the input signal so that the instrument reading is evenly distributed between 10% and 90% of the range. Unless otherwise specified in the relevant standards, the instrument should run 10 cycles. The instrument's lower limit value, range and mid-range hysteresis should be measured before and after the test, and any changes should be recorded.
6.15.
The purpose of this test is to determine the impact of collision or shaking that may occur due to careless operation during the use and maintenance of the instrument, and to assess the minimum firmness of the instrument. The lower limit value and range of basic factors should be measured before the test. Place the meter in its normal working position on a smooth, hard and solid soil or steel platform. Tilt the meter along one bottom edge by 30", or raise one bottom edge so that it is 25, 50 or 100 mm away from the table surface as specified in the relevant standards, and then let the bottom surface fall freely on the platform. After each of the four sides of the bottom surface of the meter is dropped once, check whether the meter is damaged, measure and calculate the change in the lower limit value of the meter during the test, and verify whether the meter can be adjusted to the original performance. Note: ① The allowable error of the height of the opening and the setting of the inclination is 10%. In addition, the company shall select the one that is more effective in the two test methods of tilting 30 and raising one bottom. 7 Other tests
7.1 Safety
7.1.1 Insulation resistance
GB 3386--88
The insulation resistance of the instrument is measured with a megohmmeter with a rated DC voltage of 500V. During the test, disconnect the power supply. Set the power switch to the on position, short-circuit the input terminal and the power terminal, and then measure the insulation resistance between the input terminal and the grounding terminal
power terminal—grounding resistor
input terminal—power terminal
,
7.1.2 Insulation strength
The insulation strength test adopts a 50Hz sine wave voltage, and the test voltage is the nominal value specified in the following table
≤ 60
60 ~ 130
130 ~ 250
250~650
Test voltage
First set the no-load voltage of the test equipment to 50% of the specified test voltage, and then connect the meter to be tested. The power of the test equipment should be sufficient to make the set voltage drop by no more than 10% after the meter is connected. During the test, the test voltage is gradually and steadily increased from zero to the specified value and maintained for 1 minute. There should be no breakdown or arcing. Then the test voltage is steadily reduced to the same value, and the power supply is cut off. The test should be carried out between the terminals listed in Article 7.1.1. The meter that has not been tested can withstand the necessary number of 100% specified test voltage insulation strength tests. 7.1.3 Reverse supply voltage protection
For instruments with reverse supply voltage protection, the maximum allowable reverse supply voltage should be applied, and then the basic error and hysteresis of the meter should be measured when the power is normally connected.
7.2 Energy consumption
7.2.1 Output
At the specified power certificate and frequency Measure and record the number of volt-amperes or volt-amperes consumed by the instrument when it is working at the maximum energy consumption under the nominal value, the highest voltage and the lowest regulation.
7.2.2 Gas consumption
Measure the gas consumption of the instrument under each steady-state input signal within the measurement range to determine the input signal value of the maximum gas consumption, and then measure the gas consumption of the instrument at the input signal value of the maximum gas consumption. 7.3 Paper feed speed error
Let the recorder feed the paper for 24 hours or a length of not less than 1m to determine Error in paper feed speed of recording paper. Note: For a recorder driven by an intermittent motor, the reading of the electric clock in the same power supply as the recorder is used as the time indicator. For a recorder with multiple paper speeds, any one of them can be selected to measure its paper feed speed error. 7.4 Recording quality
For the inspection of the recording quality of the recorder, a paper feed speed of 20 mm per hour should be used as much as possible. If other paper feed speeds are used, they should be indicated in the test report.
74.1 Long-term recording
GB 3386-88
Apply an alternating input signal with a value of about 50% of the main stroke and the midpoint of the recording paper to the recorder. The frequency should make the traces on the recording paper clearly distinguishable (no more than one cycle per meter of recording paper travel). Unless otherwise specified in the relevant standards, the recorder should only run 10 cycles and then check: and. All recording connections are interrupted:
b. After crossing the different color recordings by 5mm, record whether the color of the line changes. Record whether the width of the line changes.
Note: ① This test can be combined with 6.14: During the test, the recorder should be maintained according to the manufacturer's regulations. 7.4.2 Gradually increase the frequency of the input signal using the alternating input signal of 7.4.1 until the lines of the recording cannot be distinguished on the recording paper. Until the recording paper is completely colorless. Record this frequency. Then, run the recorder at this frequency for 24 hours or at least 500mm of recording paper length, and check: whether the recording paper is damaged, whether the ink penetrates into the recording paper platen; whether the water flow is interrupted
c. Are there any ink drops or stains?
7.4.3 Recording speed
Apply a full-range cascade input signal to the recording paper at the highest paper feed speed. The trace should not be broken. If a break occurs, apply a sawtooth or triangle input signal with increasing speed. Record the highest speed at which the trace is not broken in both the forward and reverse strokes.
After the above-mentioned interruption of the trace, the recording pen should be able to resume recording at a lower speed. 7.5 Effects of parallel input and short-circuit input
Each electrical connection terminal should be interrupted in turn for 5 m, and the fastest connection speed should be recorded. Steady-state output, and the time required to reach these steady-state values should also be recorded. Similar tests should also be carried out with the input terminals short-circuited together. * Dynamic characteristics test
81 Frequency response
When the peak-to-peak value of the sinusoidal signal applied to the input terminal remains small (not exceeding 20% of the range), it should be sufficient to make effective measurements. The frequency of the input signal should increase from an initial value equivalent to near zero frequency (not higher than 0.005Hz) to a higher frequency where the output decays to about half of its initial amplitude.
At least a complete input and output cycle should be recorded at each frequency interval. These test results should be graphically represented in the following form (see Figure 4): 2
GB 3386-88
Age increase
Gain 0
Phase at maximum gain
Increase - 0. 7 Phase over
Figure 4 Frequency Whistle Test Results
Draw a curve of gain relative to zero frequency versus frequency on a logarithmic scale.
b. Draw a curve of phase lag between input and output versus frequency on a logarithmic scale. The curve should be determined based on the above figure:
a, frequency when relative gain is 0,7:
b. frequency when phase lag is 45°;
:c. Maximum relative gain and its corresponding frequency and phase angle 8.2 Step response
A series of step signals should be applied to the meter input terminal according to the following provisions. The rise time of the step input should be shorter than the response time of the meter, and two times under the following conditions should be recorded: 1. Apply a step signal equivalent to 80% of the input range to the meter, first from 10% to 90% of the range, then from 90% to 10% of the range.
6. Apply a step signal equivalent to 10% of the input range to the meter, rising and falling by 5% to 15%, 45% to 5% in the following order. 5%, 85%~95%
For each test, the response time is the time for the recorder pen or pointer to finally reach and remain within 1% of each stroke. If overshoot occurs, the response time should include the overshoot time. At the same time, the overshoot of the recorder pen and pointer beyond the final stable point should be recorded and expressed as a percentage of the stroke.
This test can be carried out in one of the following two ways#. If the maximum paper feed speed can make an accurate time analysis of the record, the test should be carried out at the maximum paper feed speed (this method is only applicable to recorders).
b. Apply a step signal within a precise time interval, and change the size of the time interval in small steps. The time to reach equilibrium is the response time.
8.3 Time per point
For the time test of multi-point instruments, the input signals equivalent to the lower limit and the upper limit should be applied alternately to the input terminals in sequence: measure and record the time between each print or indication: at the same time, observe whether the instrument indicates or records within the basic error limit.1 Safety
7.1.1 Insulation resistance
GB 3386--88
The insulation resistance of the instrument shall be measured with a megohmmeter with a rated DC voltage of 500V. During the test, the power supply shall be disconnected. Set the power switch to the on position, short-circuit the input terminal and the power terminal, and then measure the insulation resistance between the input terminal and the grounding terminal, the power terminal and the grounding terminal, the input terminal and the power terminal, and the insulation resistance between the input terminal and the power terminal. 7.1.2 Insulation strength The insulation strength test adopts a 50Hz sine wave voltage, and the test voltage is the nominal value specified in the table below. ≤ 60 60 ～ 130 130 250 250 650 Test voltage First set the no-load voltage of the test equipment to 50% of the specified test voltage, and then connect the test instrument. The power of the test equipment should be sufficient to make the set voltage drop by no more than 10% after the instrument is connected. During the test, the test voltage is gradually and steadily increased from zero to the specified value and maintained for 1 minute. No breakdown or arcing should occur. The test voltage is then steadily decreased to the specified value and the power is cut off. The test should be carried out between the wiring terminals listed in 7.1.1. Instruments that have not undergone this test can withstand the necessary number of insulation strength tests at 100% of the specified test voltage. 7.1.3 Reverse supply voltage protection
For instruments with reverse supply voltage protection, the maximum allowable reverse supply voltage should be applied. Then, when the power is normally on, the basic error and hysteresis of the instrument should be measured.
7.2 Energy consumption
7.2.1 Output
Measure and record the power consumption or volt-ampere number of the instrument when it is working at the maximum energy consumption under the specified power and frequency nominal values and the highest voltage and lowest frequency.
7.2.2 Gas consumption
Measure the gas consumption of the instrument under each steady-state input signal within the measurement range to determine the input signal value of the maximum gas consumption, and then measure the gas consumption of the instrument at the input signal value of the maximum gas consumption. 7.3 Paper feed speed error
Use The recorder feeds the paper for 24 hours or a length of not less than 1m to determine the paper feed speed error of the recording paper. Note: For the recorder driven by the stepping motor, the reading of the clock in the same power supply as the recorder is used as the time indicator: For the recorder with multiple paper speeds, any one of them can be selected to determine its paper feed speed error. 7.4 Recording quality
For the record quality inspection of the recorder, a paper feed speed of 20mm per hour should be used as much as possible. If other paper feed speeds are used, it should be noted in the test report
74.1 Long-term recording
GB 3386-88
Apply an alternating input signal with a value of about 50% of the main stroke and its midpoint at the midpoint of the recording paper to the recorder. The rate should make the recording traces on the recording paper clearly distinguishable (no more than one cycle per meter of recording paper travel). Unless otherwise specified in the relevant standards, the recording should only be run for 10 cycles and then checked: and. All recording connections are not interrupted:
b. After crossing the different color recordings by 5mm, record whether the color of the line changes. Record whether the width of the line changes.
Note: ① This test can be combined with 6.14: During the test, the recorder should be maintained according to the manufacturer's regulations. 7.4.2 Gradually increase the frequency of the input signal using the alternating input signal of 7.4.1 until the lines of the recording cannot be distinguished on the recording paper. Until the recording paper is completely colorless. Record this frequency. Then, run the recorder at this frequency for 24 hours or at least 500mm of recording paper length, and check: whether the recording paper is damaged, whether the ink penetrates into the recording paper platen; whether the water flow is interrupted
c. Are there any ink drops or stains?
7.4.3 Recording speed
Apply a full-range cascade input signal to the recording paper at the highest paper feed speed. The trace should not be broken. If a break occurs, apply a sawtooth or triangle input signal with increasing speed. Record the highest speed at which the trace is not broken in both the forward and reverse strokes.
After the above-mentioned interruption of the trace, the recording pen should be able to resume recording at a lower speed. 7.5 Effects of parallel input and short-circuit input
Each electrical connection terminal should be interrupted in turn for 5 m, and the fastest connection speed should be recorded. Steady-state output, and the time required to reach these steady-state values should also be recorded. Similar tests should also be carried out with the input terminals short-circuited together. * Dynamic characteristics test
81 Frequency response
When the peak-to-peak value of the sinusoidal signal applied to the input terminal remains small (not exceeding 20% of the range), it should be sufficient to make effective measurements. The frequency of the input signal should increase from an initial value equivalent to near zero frequency (not higher than 0.005Hz) to a higher frequency where the output decays to about half of its initial amplitude.
At least a complete input and output cycle should be recorded at each frequency interval. These test results should be graphically represented in the following form (see Figure 4): 2
GB 3386-88
Age increase
Gain 0
Phase at maximum gain
Increase - 0. 7 Phase over
Figure 4 Frequency Whistle Test Results
Draw a curve of gain relative to zero frequency versus frequency on a logarithmic scale.
b. Draw a curve of phase lag between input and output versus frequency on a logarithmic scale. The curve should be determined based on the above figure:
a, frequency when relative gain is 0,7:
b. frequency when phase lag is 45°;
:c. Maximum relative gain and its corresponding frequency and phase angle 8.2 Step response
A series of step signals should be applied to the meter input terminal according to the following provisions. The rise time of the step input should be shorter than the response time of the meter, and two times under the following conditions should be recorded: 1. Apply a step signal equivalent to 80% of the input range to the meter, first from 10% to 90% of the range, then from 90% to 10% of the range.
6. Apply a step signal equivalent to 10% of the input range to the meter, rising and falling by 5% to 15%, 45% to 5% in the following order. 5%, 85%~95%
For each test, the response time is the time for the recorder pen or pointer to finally reach and remain within 1% of each stroke. If overshoot occurs, the response time should include the overshoot time. At the same time, the overshoot of the recorder pen or pointer beyond the final stable point should be recorded and expressed as a percentage of the stroke.
This test can be carried out in one of the following two ways#. If the maximum paper feed speed can make an accurate time analysis of the record, the test should be carried out at the maximum paper feed speed (this method is only applicable to recorders).
b. Apply a step signal within a precise time interval, and change the size of the time interval in small steps. The time to reach equilibrium is the response time.
8.3 Time per point
For the time test of multi-point instruments, the input signals equivalent to the lower limit and the upper limit should be applied alternately to the input terminals in sequence: measure and record the time between each print or indication: at the same time, observe whether the instrument indicates or records within the basic error limit.1 Safety
7.1.1 Insulation resistance
GB 3386--88
The insulation resistance of the instrument shall be measured with a megohmmeter with a rated DC voltage of 500V. During the test, the power supply shall be disconnected. Set the power switch to the on position, short-circuit the input terminal and the power terminal, and then measure the insulation resistance between the input terminal and the grounding terminal, the power terminal and the grounding terminal, the input terminal and the power terminal, and the insulation resistance between the input terminal and the power terminal. 7.1.2 Insulation strength The insulation strength test adopts a 50Hz sine wave voltage, and the test voltage is the nominal value specified in the table below. ≤ 60 60 ～ 130 130 250 250 650 Test voltage First set the no-load voltage of the test equipment to 50% of the specified test voltage, and then connect the test instrument. The power of the test equipment should be sufficient to make the set voltage drop by no more than 10% after the instrument is connected. During the test, the test voltage is gradually and steadily increased from zero to the specified value and maintained for 1 minute. No breakdown or arcing should occur. The test voltage is then steadily decreased to the specified value and the power is cut off. The test should be carried out between the wiring terminals listed in 7.1.1. Instruments that have not undergone this test can withstand the necessary number of insulation strength tests at 100% of the specified test voltage. 7.1.3 Reverse supply voltage protection
For instruments with reverse supply voltage protection, the maximum allowable reverse supply voltage should be applied. Then, when the power is normally on, the basic error and hysteresis of the instrument should be measured.
7.2 Energy consumption
7.2.1 Output
Measure and record the power consumption or volt-ampere number of the instrument when it is working at the maximum energy consumption under the specified power and frequency nominal values and the highest voltage and lowest frequency.
7.2.2 Gas consumption
Measure the gas consumption of the instrument under each steady-state input signal within the measurement range to determine the input signal value of the maximum gas consumption, and then measure the gas consumption of the instrument at the input signal value of the maximum gas consumption. 7.3 Paper feed speed error
Use The recorder feeds the paper for 24 hours or a length of not less than 1m to determine the paper feed speed error of the recording paper. Note: For the recorder driven by the stepping motor, the reading of the clock in the same power supply as the recorder is used as the time indicator: For the recorder with multiple paper speeds, any one of them can be selected to determine its paper feed speed error. 7.4 Recording quality
For the record quality inspection of the recorder, a paper feed speed of 20mm per hour should be used as much as possible. If other paper feed speeds are used, it should be noted in the test report
74.1 Long-term recording
GB 3386-88
Apply an alternating input signal with a value of about 50% of the main stroke and its midpoint at the midpoint of the recording paper to the recorder. The rate should make the recording traces on the recording paper clearly distinguishable (no more than one cycle per meter of recording paper travel). Unless otherwise specified in the relevant standards, the recording should only be run for 10 cycles and then checked: and. All recording connections are not interrupted:
b. After crossing the different color recordings by 5mm, record whether the color of the line changes. Record whether the width of the line changes.
Note: ① This test can be combined with 6.14: During the test, the recorder should be maintained according to the manufacturer's regulations. 7.4.2 Gradually increase the frequency of the input signal using the alternating input signal of 7.4.1 until the lines of the recording cannot be distinguished on the recording paper. Until the recording paper is completely colorless. Record this frequency. Then, run the recorder at this frequency for 24 hours or at least 500mm of recording paper length, and check: whether the recording paper is damaged, whether the ink penetrates into the recording paper platen; whether the water flow is interrupted
c. Are there any ink drops or stains?
7.4.3 Recording speed
Apply a full-range cascade input signal to the recording paper at the highest paper feed speed. The trace should not be broken. If a break occurs, apply a sawtooth or triangle input signal with increasing speed. Record the highest speed at which the trace is not broken in both the forward and reverse strokes.
After the above-mentioned interruption of the trace, the recording pen should be able to resume recording at a lower speed. 7.5 Effects of parallel input and short-circuit input
Each electrical connection terminal should be interrupted in turn for 5 m, and the fastest connection speed should be recorded. Steady-state output, and the time required to reach these steady-state values should also be recorded. Similar tests should also be carried out with the input terminals short-circuited together. * Dynamic characteristics test
81 Frequency response
When the peak-to-peak value of the sinusoidal signal applied to the input terminal remains small (not exceeding 20% of the range), it should be sufficient to make effective measurements. The frequency of the input signal should increase from an initial value equivalent to near zero frequency (not higher than 0.005Hz) to a higher frequency where the output decays to about half of its initial amplitude.
At least a complete input and output cycle should be recorded at each frequency interval. These test results should be graphically represented in the following form (see Figure 4): 2
GB 3386-88
Age increase
Gain 0
Phase at maximum gain
Increase - 0. 7 Phase over
Figure 4 Frequency Whistle Test Results
Draw a curve of gain relative to zero frequency versus frequency on a logarithmic scale.
b. Draw a curve of phase lag between input and output versus frequency on a logarithmic scale. The curve should be determined based on the above figure:
a, frequency when relative gain is 0,7:
b. frequency when phase lag is 45°;
:c. Maximum relative gain and its corresponding frequency and phase angle 8.2 Step response
A series of step signals should be applied to the meter input terminal according to the following provisions. The rise time of the step input should be shorter than the response time of the meter, and two times under the following conditions should be recorded: 1. Apply a step signal equivalent to 80% of the input range to the meter, first from 10% to 90% of the range, then from 90% to 10% of the range.
6. Apply a step signal equivalent to 10% of the input range to the meter, rising and falling by 5% to 15%, 45% to 5% in the following order. 5%, 85%~95%
For each test, the response time is the time for the recorder pen or pointer to finally reach and remain within 1% of each stroke. If overshoot occurs, the response time should include the overshoot time. At the same time, the overshoot of the recorder pen or pointer beyond the final stable point should be recorded and expressed as a percentage of the stroke.
This test can be carried out in one of the following two ways#. If the maximum paper feed speed can make an accurate time analysis of the record, the test should be carried out at the maximum paper feed speed (this method is only applicable to recorders).
b. Apply a step signal within a precise time interval, and change the size of the time interval in small steps. The time to reach equilibrium is the response time.
8.3 Time per point
For the time test of multi-point instruments, the input signals equivalent to the lower limit and the upper limit should be applied alternately to the input terminals in sequence: measure and record the time between each print or indication: at the same time, observe whether the instrument indicates or records within the basic error limit.1 OutputWww.bzxZ.net
Measure and record the power consumption or volt-ampere number when the instrument is working at the maximum energy consumption under the specified power and frequency nominal values and the highest voltage and lowest frequency.
7.2.2 Gas consumption
Measure the gas consumption of the instrument under each steady-state input signal within the measurement range to determine the input signal value of the maximum gas consumption, and then measure the gas consumption of the instrument at the input signal value of the maximum gas consumption. 7.3 Paper feed speed error
Make the recorder feed paper for 24 hours or more. The length of the recording paper is 1m, so as to determine the paper feed speed error of the recording paper. Note: For the recorder driven by the stepping motor, the reading of the electric clock in the same power supply as the recorder is used as the time index: For the recorder with multiple paper speeds, any one of them can be selected to determine its paper feed speed error. 7.4 Recording quality
For the record quality inspection of the recorder, the paper feed speed of 20mm per hour should be used as much as possible. If other paper feed speeds are used, it should be indicated in the test report
74.1 Long-term recording
GB 3386-88
Apply an alternating input signal with a value of about 50% of the main stroke and the midpoint of the recording paper to the recorder. The frequency should make the recording traces on the recording paper clearly distinguishable (no more than one cycle per meter of recording paper travel). Unless otherwise specified in the relevant standards, the recording should only be run for 10 cycles and then checked: and. All recording connections are not interrupted:
b. After crossing the different color recordings by 5mm, record whether the color of the line changes. Record whether the width of the line changes.
Note: ① This test can be combined with 6.14: During the test, the recorder should be maintained according to the manufacturer's regulations. 7.4.2 Gradually increase the frequency of the input signal using the alternating input signal of 7.4.1 until the lines of the recording cannot be distinguished on the recording paper. Until the recording paper is completely colorless. Record this frequency. Then, run the recorder at this frequency for 24 hours or at least 500mm of recording paper length, and check: whether the recording paper is damaged, whether the ink penetrates into the recording paper platen; whether the water flow is interrupted
c. Are there any ink drops or stains?
7.4.3 Recording speed
Apply a full-range cascade input signal to the recording paper at the highest paper feed speed. The trace should not be broken. If a break occurs, apply a sawtooth or triangle input signal with increasing speed. Record the highest speed at which the trace is not broken in both the forward and reverse strokes.
After the above-mentioned interruption of the trace, the recording pen should be able to resume recording at a lower speed. 7.5 Effects of parallel input and short-circuit input
Each electrical connection terminal should be interrupted in turn for 5 m, and the fastest connection speed should be recorded. Steady-state output, and the time required to reach these steady-state values should also be recorded. Similar tests should also be carried out with the input terminals short-circuited together. * Dynamic characteristics test
81 Frequency response
When the peak-to-peak value of the sinusoidal signal applied to the input terminal remains small (not exceeding 20% of the range), it should be sufficient to make effective measurements. The frequency of the input signal should increase from an initial value equivalent to near zero frequency (not higher than 0.005Hz) to a higher frequency where the output decays to about half of its initial amplitude.
At least a complete input and output cycle should be recorded at each frequency interval. These test results should be graphically represented in the following form (see Figure 4): 2
GB 3386-88
Age increase
Gain 0
Phase at maximum gain
Increase - 0. 7 Phase over
Figure 4 Frequency Whistle Test Results
Draw a curve of gain relative to zero frequency versus frequency on a logarithmic scale.
b. Draw a curve of phase lag between input and output versus frequency on a logarithmic scale. The curve should be determined based on the above figure:
a, frequency when relative gain is 0,7:
b. frequency when phase lag is 45°;
:c. Maximum relative gain and its corresponding frequency and phase angle 8.2 Step response
A series of step signals should be applied to the meter input terminal according to the following provisions. The rise time of the step input should be shorter than the response time of the meter, and two times under the following conditions should be recorded: 1. Apply a step signal equivalent to 80% of the input range to the meter, first from 10% to 90% of the range, then from 90% to 10% of the range.
6. Apply a step signal equivalent to 10% of the input range to the meter, rising and falling by 5% to 15%, 45% to 5% in the following order. 5%, 85%~95%
For each test, the response time is the time for the recorder pen or pointer to finally reach and remain within 1% of each stroke. If overshoot occurs, the response time should include the overshoot time. At the same time, the overshoot of the recorder pen or pointer beyond the final stable point should be recorded and expressed as a percentage of the stroke.
This test can be carried out in one of the following two ways#. If the maximum paper feed speed can make an accurate time analysis of the record, the test should be carried out at the maximum paper feed speed (this method is only applicable to recorders).
b. Apply a step signal within a precise time interval, and change the size of the time interval in small steps. The time to reach equilibrium is the response time.
8.3 Time per point
For the time test of multi-point instruments, the input signals equivalent to the lower limit and the upper limit should be applied alternately to the input terminals in sequence: measure and record the time between each print or indication: at the same time, observe whether the instrument indicates or records within the basic error limit.1 Output
Measure and record the power consumption or volt-ampere number when the instrument is working at the maximum energy consumption under the specified power and frequency nominal values and the highest voltage and lowest frequency.
7.2.2 Gas consumption
Measure the gas consumption of the instrument under each steady-state input signal within the measurement range to determine the input signal value of the maximum gas consumption, and then measure the gas consumption of the instrument at the input signal value of the maximum gas consumption. 7.3 Paper feed speed error
Make the recorder feed paper for 24 hours or more. The length of the recording paper is 1m, so as to determine the paper feed speed error of the recording paper. Note: For the recorder driven by the stepping motor, the reading of the electric clock in the same power supply as the recorder is used as the time index: For the recorder with multiple paper speeds, any one of them can be selected to determine its paper feed speed error. 7.4 Recording quality
For the record quality inspection of the recorder, the paper feed speed of 20mm per hour should be used as much as possible. If other paper feed speeds are used, it should be indicated in the test report
74.1 Long-term recording
GB 3386-88
Apply an alternating input signal with a value of about 50% of the main stroke and the midpoint of the recording paper to the recorder. The frequency should make the recording traces on the recording paper clearly distinguishable (no more than one cycle per meter of recording paper travel). Unless otherwise specified in the relevant standards, the recording should only be run for 10 cycles and then checked: and. All recording connections are not interrupted:
b. After crossing the different color recordings by 5mm, record whether the color of the line changes. Record whether the width of the line changes.
Note: ① This test can be combined with 6.14: During the test, the recorder should be maintained according to the manufacturer's regulations. 7.4.2 Gradually increase the frequency of the input signal using the alternating inpu
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