Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Photogrammetry and remote sensing terms
Photogrammetry and remote sensing terms1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the terms and definitions of photogrammetry and remote sensing. GB/T1495094
This standard applies to the formulation of photogrammetry and remote sensing standards, the preparation of technical documents, the compilation of teaching materials, books and periodicals and documents. 2 Classification of photogrammetry2.1 Photogrammetry
The science and technology of measuring the shape, size, spatial position, properties and relative relationships of a target object using photographic image information. 2.2 Aerial photogrammetryacrophotogrammetry;aerial photogrammelryPhotogrammetry using aerial photographs taken by aircraft. 2.3 Terrestrial photogrammetryPhotogrammetry of the target object using terrestrial photographs. 2.4 Non-topographic photogrammetry is a photogrammetry that is not used for mapping. 2.5 Hologrammetry is a photogrammetry that uses a laser beam in a certain direction to project onto a hologram to obtain a three-dimensional structural image of the original object. 2.6 Scanning electron microscopy is a photogrammetry of the microscopic world using stereoscopic microscopic images taken with a scanning electron microscope. 2.7 Two-media photogrammetry is a photogrammetry in which the object and the camera are in different media. 2.8 Close-range photogrammetry is a photogrammetry that uses a stereo image pair taken of a lunar target at a distance of less than 300m. 2.9 Ultra-short-range photogrammetry is a photogrammetry of a lunar target at a distance of 0.1~0.01m. Synonymous: Macrophotogrammetry
2.10 Hallisic photogrammetry uses a ballistic camera to take pictures of the flying state of a projectile in the sky with the starry sky as the background, and is used to study the flight trajectory of the projectile.
tngineering uhotogrammetry
2.11 Long-range photogrammetry
Used for the photogrammetry of modern construction, water conservancy, railways, highways, bridges, tunnels and other engineering construction. 2.12 Industrial photogrammetry is used for the photogrammetry of static and dynamic industrial targets in mining, metallurgy, machinery, vehicles and shipbuilding. 2.13 Archaeological photogrammetry Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on April 11, 1994 and implemented on December 1, 1994
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Used for research on the architectural features and state of ancient buildings, restoration of cultural relics, reproduction of sculptures and other photogrammetry in the field of ancient architecture.
2.14 Archaeological photogrammetry Used for photogrammetry of unearthed cultural relics and excavation sites. 2.15 Medical photogrammetry Used for photogrammetry in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. 2.16 X-ray photogrammetry X-ray phalagrammetry Uses x-rays to take images or more images to determine the part of the object that cannot be directly seen by the naked eye. 2.17 Underwater photogrammetry is a photogrammetry used to map underwater terrain or study underwater objects. 2.18 Real-time photogrammetry is a photogrammetry that integrates data acquisition, processing and output, and is completed quickly and in real time. 2.19 Moire fringe measurement is a photogrammetry that uses the moire effect to form equivalued fringes on the surface of the measured object. 2.20 Side-looking radar measurement is a photogrammetry that uses side-looking radar to obtain ground target image information. anulylical photogrammetry2.21
Photogrammetry using the pictures or images obtained by photogrammetry and remote sensing, based on the mathematical relationship between the image points and the corresponding ground points, using the computer to solve the mathematical problem.2.22 Digital photogrammetry using photogrammetry and remote sensing to obtain digital images or digital graphics and process them by computer:2.23 Fully digital photogrammetry; Sulirapyphntogrammetry using digital photogrammetry based on mathematical pixels, using raster scanning images.3 classification of remote sensingrcmote sensing
3.1 Remote sensing
The science and technology of collecting electromagnetic wave information of objects without contacting the objects themselves, and identifying the objects and revealing their geometric shapes, sizes, relationships and laws of change after processing and analysis. Synonyms: Remote Sensing Technology
3.2 Aerial Remote SensingAerial Remote SensingAirborne Remote SensingRemote Sensing using aircraft, helicopters, airships, balloons and other aircraft as platforms.3.3 Space Remote SensingSpaceborne Remote SensingRemote Sensing using satellites, spacecraft, space shuttles, rockets and other spacecraft as platforms in the outer space outside the Earth's atmosphere
Synonyms: Space Remote Sensing
3.4 Ground Remote SensingGround Remote SensingRemote Sensing using the ground.
3.5 Multispectral Remote SensingMultispectral Remote SensingRemote Sensing using the electromagnetic wave information reflected or radiated by an object into several spectral bands for reception and recording.3.6 Visible Light Resonance SensingVisible Spertral Remote SensingRemote Sensing using the working band of the remote sensor limited to the visible light band. 3-7 Infrared Icmote sensing Remote sensing with working wavelength limited to the infrared band GB/T 14950:-94
microwave remote:scnsing
3.8 Microwave remote sensing Remote sensing with working wavelength limited to the microwave band. 3.9 Active Icmote sensing is a remote sensing method that uses a remote sensor to emit electromagnetic radiation waves of a certain frequency to a target object, and then receives the radiation information returned from the target object. Synonym: active remote sensing
3.10 Passive remote sensing is a remote sensing method that directly receives radiation information from a target object and relies on external energy. Synonym: passive remote sensing
3. 11 Remote sensing mapping is a process of enhancing and geometrically correcting various remote sensing information through daylight interpretation of remote sensing images or using image processing systems to identify, classify and map them.
4 Data acquisition
4.1 Photography
A technology that uses remote sensors to obtain images of objects and other information. 4.2 Space photography: the use of artificial satellites, spacecraft, spacecraft and orbital space stations to take pictures of the Earth (mainly the Earth) and its environment from space outside the Earth's atmosphere.3. Satellite photography: photography of planets (mainly the earth) and their environment from space using artificial satellites. Aerial photography: photography of the earth's surface from the air using aircraft such as airplanes, helicopters, airships, balloons, etc. 4.5. Differential photography: aerial photography using a slit shutter and reverse movement of film for exposure. 4.6. Vertical photography: aerial photography with the camera's main optical axis in the direction of the plumb line. 4.7. Oblique photography: photography with the camera's optical axis deviating from the plumb line or horizontal direction and at a certain tilt angle. 4.8. High-altitude aerial photography: aerial photography at an altitude of more than 6000 meters. 4.9. Low-altitude aerial photography: aerial photography at an altitude of less than 1000 meters. 4.10. Microphotography: combining a microscope and a camera to photograph the smallest objects. 4.11 Multispectral photography Multispcetral photography Photography that uses cameras that respond to different spectral bands to record the images of the same scene in different spectral bands. Synonym: Multispectral photography
4.12 Digital photography Digital photography Photography that uses digital cameras to obtain grayscale images. 4.13 Frame photography Iramephutogphy Photography that uses the exposure moment to image the entire frame. 4.14 Panoramic photography Photography that uses a panoramic camera in the vertical flight direction to scan the ground through the gaps and continuously change the direction of the optical axis. GB/T 14950—94
4. 15 Black-and-white photography Black-and-white photography Photography that uses different tones of black, gray and white to express the image of the scene being photographed. 4.16 Colour photography Photography that reproduces the colour image of the subject in rich colours. 4.17 Infrared photography Photography that uses infrared sensitive film. 4.18 Colout infrared photography Photography that uses colour infrared sensitive film. 4.19 Normal casc photography Photography that is made at the ends of the photographic baseline with the main optical axes of the two cameras kept horizontal and perpendicular to the direction of the photographic baseline. 4.20 Parallel-averted photography Photography that is made at the ends of the photographic baseline with the main optical axes of the two cameras kept horizontal and deflected at the same angle relative to the photographic baseline. 4.21 Convergent photography Photography that is made at the ends of the photographic baseline with the main optical axes of the two cameras intersecting at a certain angle in the object direction. 4.22 Cqually tilled photography Photography that is made at the ends of the photographic baseline with the main optical axes of the two cameras kept parallel and tilted at the same angle relative to the horizontal plane. 4.23 Multiple of object shadow The ratio of the length of the object's solar shadow to the object's height. 4.24 Solar altitude angle Solarelcvation The distance between the observation point and the direction of the sun and the plane of interest. 4.25 Navigation of aerial photography The process of using navigation charts, landmarks or other navigation instruments (such as GPS systems) to ensure that the aircraft is on the designed route and that aerial photography is carried out as required.
4.26 Camera station Camera station The spatial position of the node in front of the objective lens at the moment of photography: Synonym: photography center
4.27 Flight lineuf aerial photography The route that the aircraft flies during aerial photography. 4.28 Flight hlock
The unit that divides the photography area according to the requirements of aerial photography. Synonym: aerial photography zone
4.29 Zone datum And block-k dat.umplane The average height plane of a photographic subdivision.
4.30 Photographic scale The ratio of the camera distance to the object distance.
4.31 Photoscale
The ratio of the length of a line segment on a photograph to the corresponding horizontal length on the ground. 4.32 Photographic flying height The vertical distance of a remote sensing platform relative to the reference plane of a photographic subdivision. 4.33 Absolute flying height The vertical distance of a remote sensing platform relative to the sea surface of a flat ditch. 4.34 Relative flying height The multiplication of the vertical distance of a telesensory platform relative to a reference plane on the ground. 4.35 Photographic baseline GB/T 1495094
When taking a stereoscopic image pair, the line between adjacent camera stations. 4.36 Photo base
The line between the principal points of adjacent images on a photograph.
4.37 Base-height raioThe ratio of the photographic baseline length to the photographic altitude or object distance. 4.38Flight quality of aerial photographyThe general term for the quality requirements of aerial photography such as the overlap of aerial photographs, lateral overlap, film tilt angle, yaw angle, route curvature, the difference between the actual flight altitude and the planned flight altitude, and the boundary coverage of the photographic area and the photographic subarea. 4.39Flight trace of pholographyThe flight path of an aircraft projected onto the ground. Synonyms: flight line
4.40Angle of flying 1raceIn aerial photography, the angle between the photographic track and the designed route. 4.41Strip deformationThe maximum deviation of the principal points of each image within a photographic route from the line connecting the principal points of the first and last two images. 4.42Acrial photugraphir gapThe part where the overlap of images is too small or there is no overlap in aerial photography. 4.43 Photographic quality The quality of the image of photographic film, the sum of all qualities and apparent qualities, including image density, contrast, resolution, marking and data recording, film deformation rate and flatness, the measurement accuracy of the internal elements and distortion of the mirror box, the measurement accuracy of the coordinates of the frame mark points and grid points, the film production process, mechanical and human damage, etc. 4.44 Longitudinal overlap In aerial photography, the part of adjacent images in the same route that have images of the same area. 4.45 Overlap In aerial photography, the part of adjacent images of adjacent routes that have images of the same area. 4.46 Mapping route mappitigsirip
A photographic route directly used for stereo mapping 4.47 Control strip
A strip similar to the mapping route is added to the photographic survey area to reduce the layout of image control points. Synonyms, frame route: skeleton route
4.48 Tilt angleol photograph The angle between the main optical axis of the aerial camera and the plumb line in aerial photography or the angle of the main optical axis of the camera relative to the horizontal line in ground photography.
Synonyms: photographic tiltwww.bzxz.net
4.49 Heading tilt?pitch The component of the tilt angle of the photograph in the direction of the route. 4.50 Lateral tilt roll
The component of the tilt angle of the photograph in the direction perpendicular to the route. 4.51 Swing agleiyaw
The angle of rotation of the selected photograph coordinate axis around the upper optical axis in the photograph plane. 4.52 Principal point of pho1ograph The foot of the perpendicular to the film plane of the rear nodal point of the objective lens of a photographic camera. GB/T 14950—94
4.53 Principal point of upimum symmetry The symmetry center point that makes the radial distortion as symmetrical as possible during the calibration of an aerial camera, 4.54 Principal point of autumutic:collimaticn The point where a beam of light rays from the physical space that needs to be collimated in the film plane passes through the objective lens and forms an image on the film plane, 4.55 Nadir point The intersection of the plumb line through the rear nodal point of the photographic lens and the film plane, 4.56 Ground nadir point The corresponding point of the ground at the nadir point.
4. 57 equal-angle point;isocenter The two points where the bisectors of the angle between the principal optical axis of the objective lens of an aerial camera and the plumb line through the rear node of the objective lens intersect the plane of the film and the ground.
4.58 pixel pixel element The basic unit of a digital image.
4.59 image frame pieture farmat
The image frame of a film.
4.60 equivalent principal distance equivalent principal-distance The distance calculated from the distance r between the image point on the plane of the film and the image point on the plane of the film along the parallel rays of the off-axis light and the incident angle 8.
4.61 alibrated principal-distance When calibrating a camera, a difference value of multiple equivalent principal distances is obtained. 4.62Fiducial mark
A mark on the camera frame used to mark the center of the image receiving surface. 4.63Distance between fiducial marks.
Photograph center
The intersection of lines connecting the corresponding fiducial marks on the film.
Camera calibration field4.65
A special place for checking various parameters of a camera.
4.66Resolution of photographyA measure of the ability of an imaging system to distinguish black and white linear images of equal width, expressed in line pairs per millimeter. Synonyms; resolution, resolution
Ground resolution
Ground distance corresponding to the line pair width of the photographic resolution. 4.68 Area weighted average resolutionAWAR The average resolution calculated with the ratio of the area of the bad band in the image corresponding to the test angle to the total area of the image as the weight. 4.69 Angular resolutionAnglcrcsulution
The angle between the center of the lens and the width of the photographic resolution line. 4.70 Image densitydensity af imageThe degree of brightness of the image; expressed as the logarithm of the light blocking rate. 4.71 Fog densityFog density
The density value formed by the unexposed part of the film after development. Synonyms: sensitivity
Sensitivity
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The strength of the photosensitive material to produce photochemical reduction, expressed as the reciprocal degree of the corresponding azinon light of the specified reference density. 4.73 Image contrast imagecontrast
The difference between the maximum and minimum brightness of an image on a negative or positive film. 4.74 Object contrast The ratio or logarithm of the maximum brightness and the minimum brightness of the object being photographed. 4.75 Contrast coefficient The slope of the dotted part of the characteristic curve of a photosensitive material. 4.76 Film flattening
The process of making the film close to the substrate at the moment of sudden exposure. Synonym: film flattening
4.77 Illuminance of ground The degree of illumination from sunlight or artificial light reaching the ground through the atmospheric layer. 4.78 Spectral sensitivity spectral sensitivity of a photosensitive material to a certain wavelength of light in the spectrum. 4.79
Relative spectral sensitivity relative spectral sensitivity The ratio of the sensitivity of a certain wavelength in the spectrum to the sensitivity of other wavelengths. 4.80 Color sensitivity The characteristic of photosensitive materials to be sensitive to light waves of different colors. 4.B1 Ground speed of plane The speed of the plane moving relative to the ground.
4. 82 Speed-height ratio The ratio of the plane's ground speed to its relative altitude.
4.83 Image point displacement Displarement of image; image displacement The difference between the target point on the image and its ideal point. 4.84 Forward motion compensation Forward motion compensation, FMC automatically compensates for the image point displacement caused by the forward motion of the sensor platform relative to the photographed target. Synonyms: image shift compensation
4.85 Photographic material deformation Geometric changes of photographic materials caused by the production process, material properties, photographic processing and environment. 4.86 Lens distortion
When the off-axis principal ray passes through the objective lens, the incident angle and the exit angle cannot be strictly equal, which causes an aberration in the image of the photographed object. 4.87 Photogrammetric distortion The deviation of the image point from the ideal position of the undistorted image obtained after measurement under certain conditions according to the requirements of photogrammetry. Synonyms: distortion difference
4.88 Image data acquisition The process of obtaining analog or digital images of the object under study using remote sensors. 4.89 Spectral energy distribution The relationship between the energy radiated by energy at different temperatures and the wavelength. 4.90 Spectral emissivity The ratio of the energy of electromagnetic waves radiated by an object to the energy emitted by a black body of the same temperature. 4.91 Spectral reflectivity The ratio of the reflected radiation flux of an object to a certain wavelength of electromagnetic waves to its incident radiation flux. 4.92 Spectral transmittance GB/T 14950-94 The ratio of the electromagnetic radiation flux passing through an object to its incident radiation flux. 4.93 Radiometric resolution The minimum radiometric difference that can be distinguished by the sensing (sensitive) element of a remote sensor when receiving a spectral radiation signal, or the ability to distinguish the radiation from two different radiation sources.
4.94 Instantaneous field of view, FOV In the scanning imaging process, the length of the projected length or side length of a light detection element onto the ground through a telescope system. Synonym, spatial resolution
4.95 Temporal resolution Temporal resolution The shortest time interval that a remote sensor can repeatedly obtain images of the same area. 4.96 Spectral resolution The smallest band range or wavelength interval that a remote sensor or spectrometer can distinguish or resolve. 4.97
Scanning resolution Scan resolution
The size of the scanning point in the image input and output settings, expressed in points per millimeter. 4.98 Solar radiation spectrum Solatradiation spectrum A graph showing the distribution of solar radiation energy according to wavelength. 4.99 Electro-magneic spectrum Electro-magneic spectrum A graph showing the distribution of electromagnetic radiation wavelengths or frequencies. 4.100 atmospheric window atmospheric window The Earth's atmosphere does not produce strong absorption and scattering attenuation effects on electromagnetic wave transmission, and the transmission rate of certain specific electromagnetic waves is relatively high.
4.101 atmospheric noise atmospheric noise The interference of the atmosphere on the electromagnetic wave being measured.
4.102 atmospheric transmission characteristics characteristic uf atmospheric transmission characteristics The characteristics of electromagnetic wave radiation attenuation in the atmosphere that vary with wavelength. atmospheric transmittance atmospheric transmittance ratio atmospheric transmittance 4.103
The ratio of the radiant energy of an electromagnetic wave after it has passed a given path length in the atmosphere to the incident radiant energy. 4 object spectrum characteristics 4.104
The characteristics of the intensity of electromagnetic waves emitted, reflected and transmitted by an object and related to the characteristics of the object itself. 4. 105 orbital elements of satellite orbit parameters uf atellite Various parameters describing the position, shape and orientation of a satellite in space. Synonym: satellite orbital elements
4.106 Satellite perturbation satellitePcrturbae The jitter of a satellite in its ideal orbit caused by factors such as uneven distribution of the Earth's mass and non-spherical symmetry, the gravitational pull of the Sun, Moon and other bodies, atmospheric drag, solar radiation pressure, etc. 4.107 Satellite attitude The spatial state of a satellite in its orbit. 4.108 Satellite coverage satellitetemean The area over which the same satellite can be observed from the ground at the same time, generally expressed in terms of the geocentric angle corresponding to that area. 4.109 Satellite period of revolutian The time required for a satellite to orbit the Earth once. 4.110 Satellite repetition cycle The time required for a satellite to return to its last ground track after covering the entire Earth. 4.111 Geosynchronous orbit geosynchronous orbit The orbit in which a satellite orbits the Earth once and returns to its original position. GB/T14950--94
4.12 Panoramic distortion Panoramic distortion The image distance of a panoramic camera remains unchanged, while the object distance increases with the increase of the scanning angle. The resulting image scale gradually decreases from the center to the sides.
4.113 Satellite image deflection
Due to the rotation of the earth, the scanning line moves westward, causing the satellite image to be skewed in a parallelogram. 4.114 Photo control survey Photo control point method for determining photo control points in the field.
Synonym, photo control point joint measurement
4.115 Photo control point phato control point Control point directly measured in the field for photogrammetry encryption or mapping needs. 4.116 Photo horizontal and vertical photo control point, full control point Photo control point with ground plane coordinates and elevation. Synonyms: horizontal and vertical control points
4.117 Borizontal photo control points Photo control points with ground plane pad marks. Synonyms: plane control points
4.718 Vettical (elevation) photo control points Photo control points with only ground elevation. Synonyms: elevation control points
4119 Outstanding paint; natural point A point that can be accurately identified on the photo and in the field. Artificial targetrsignalized pointsartificial point4.120
A target point with a tree image on the photo that is artificially set on the ground before photography. photographic normal point+standard point of photagruber point4-121
Principal point and the point on the straight line passing through the principal point and perpendicular to the photographic baseline, at a distance of one photographic baseline length from the principal point,
Synonyms: standard photographic normal point; Gruber point4.122 controt point. distribution for aerial triangulation strip A scheme for arranging photographic control points based on a route segment. 4.123 Control point distribution for block aerotriangulation A scheme for distributing image control points in a region along several flight lines or several images. 4.124 Full field control point distribution A scheme for distributing image control points in units of one image or one stereo pair. 4.125 Control paint distribution for control (skeleton) strip A scheme for distributing control paint points along a control (skeleton) strip and for encrypting the control paint points along a control (skeleton) strip in the area where the control paint points overlap with the mapping strip.
Synonyms: skeleton strip distribution, skeleton strip distribution 4.126 Bridging distance of control points alang strips tcontrol point interval along strips
The number of control points across the baseline in the same flight line. Bridging distance of control points cross siripstontrolpointinterval crnss4-127
strips
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The number of adjacent photo control points crossing the photo route perpendicular to the direction of the photo route. 4.128 Photo-planimetricmethod of singlephotograph mapping A mapping method in which photo mapping and contour mapping are carried out on an uncorrected aerial photograph, and then the mapping is transferred or corrected through projection to form a mosaic.
4-129 Photo-planimetric: tiet: hod ofphotomapmapping A mapping method in which photo mapping and contour mapping are carried out on a photo plan or its copy. 4.130 Pegged point mapping Mapping is a mapping method that uses field or indoor work to encrypt the plane and elevation of terrain feature points and object points, and uses image pairs to depict contour lines using stereo models.
4.131 Photo interpretation is the process of identifying the type, characteristics and certain requirements of objects corresponding to the photographic image, or measuring certain data indicators based on the spectral characteristics, spatial characteristics, temporal characteristics and imaging laws of the objects. Synonymous: Photo interpretation
4.132 Visual interpretation is the process of studying the various image features reflected by objects in remote sensing images or other photographs through direct observation or with the help of an interpretation instrument, and inferring and analyzing through the relationship between objects to identify the required object information. 4.133 Photo annotation is the general term for the work of interpretation, investigation and annotation using photographs. 4.134 Time parallax at a single station A method of measuring the displacement or deformation of an object by taking stereoscopic images of the object at a certain time interval at the same station. Synonyms: Time baseline parallax method
4.135 Relative control relative control uses the known geometric conditions in front of certain points in the object space as the basis for photogrammetric control. 4.136 Longitudinal distance of photography The distance from the point in front of the camera lens to the projection surface of the target object in ground photography or close-range photogrammetry. 4.137 Photographic coefficient The ratio of the longitudinal distance to the length of the photographic baseline. 5 Data processing data processing
5.1 Photographic processing The process of developing the exposed photosensitive material into a visible image according to a certain development process. 5.2 Reverse photo processing The process of directly obtaining a positive image from the exposed photosensitive material without going through the negative process. 5.3 Positive positive
The image tone is consistent with the brightness of the scene, and its left and right, up and down positions are also consistent with the scene. 5.4 Negative
Photograph in which the image tone is opposite to the light and dark degree of the object and the left and right and up and down positions are also opposite to those of the scene. 5.5 Coaterd pholagraph Photograph mounted on a certain hard substrate1.
5.6 Contact printing The process of printing in which the emulsion surface of the photosensitive material is in full contact with the emulsion surface of the negative film. 5.7 Photographic printing GH/T 14950—94
The process of printing in which the negative film and the photosensitive material are placed in the negative plate and the receiving plate of the enlarger or the photographic machine respectively, and the positive film is obtained by projection exposure.
5.8 Reflecting reduction The method of making a reduced image by using the reflected light of the material illuminated by the light. 5.9 Transmitting reduction The method of making a reduced transparent positive film by projecting the aerial negative film at a specified magnification. 5.10 Electronic printing eleetronic printing A method of developing images using a cathode ray tube for scanning, exposure and dynamic illumination. 5.11
Photo rectificationjrcctificatinn nf photograph The process of transforming an oblique photograph into a horizontal photograph of a specified scale by projection transformation. Elements of interior orientationinturior orientation elements5.12
Basic data for determining the geometric relationship of the photographic beam in the image space. Synonyms: Elements of interior orientationinturior orientation elements5.13 Elements of exterior orientationexterior orientation elementsBasic data for determining the geometric relationship of the photographic beam in the object space. Synonyms: Elements of exterior orientation
5. 14 Correction pointrectification pointControl points used for photographic correction.
5.15 Graphical correction Graphical correction The process of establishing the corresponding beam of rays or traces of perspective based on the perspective theory and using the ratio or perspective correspondence between the plane of the image and the drawing.
5.16 Optical graphic correction Optical graphic correction The process of using a projection transfer device to project the image to be corrected onto the drawing board and perform correction and transfer. Synonym: projection transfer
5.17 Affine correction Affine correction Photographic correction that keeps the parallelism of the straight lines in the figure unchanged before and after correction. 5.18 Relief displacerent
The displacement of image points due to the undulation of the terrain.
5.19 Distance of recrification zone In zonal correction, the deviation between the two planes is 5-20. Zonal correction is to make the projection of aerial photographs of hilly areas and land within the allowable range. It is a correction carried out according to different elevation surfaces. Synonyms: layered correction
5.21 Multistage correction is to use a correction instrument to place correction elements on aerial photographs with large tilt angles several times (each time the same). 5.22 Distance condition The object distance and image distance along the main optical axis must meet the conditions of optical conjugation. 5.23 Condition of intersection; scheimpflug condiion Condition that the film surface, objective lens surface and image receiving surface intersect at the same line to ensure a clear image on the entire receiving surface. Synonym: Flug condition
5.24 Optical condition of rectification Optical conjugation condition that should be met when rectifying a film on a rectifying instrument, including optical distance condition and intersection condition. 5.25 Geometric condition of rectification When rectifying a film on a rectifying instrument, the geometric relationship that the projected image figure is similar to the corresponding ground figure and conforms to a certain scale is met. Degree of freedom of rectifying instrument 5.26
Independent mechanical action on the rectifying instrument.
Conjunction point
The intersection of the parallel line from the projection center to the crop square line and the projection surface (film surface). 5.28 Principal vanishing point is the intersection of a line parallel to the ground plane drawn from the projection center and half of the image plane in the principal vertical plane. 5.29 Main vanishing point is the intersection of a line parallel to the image plane drawn from the projection center and half of the image plane in the principal vertical plane. 5.30 Rutatian axiom of the pcrspective; axiom of the perspective rotation is the law that the perspective correspondence between the film plane and the image plane remains unchanged when the film plane or the image receiving plane is rotated on the corrector or other photogrammetric instrument using the parallelogram principle. Same as Schar's law
5.31 Perspective transformation pcrspertive ranslormation is the transformation that uses the condition that the perspective center, image point and target point are collinear to rotate the image receiving plane (perspective plane) around the trace line (perspective axis) by a certain angle according to the law of perspective rotation, destroying the original beam of light rays, while still keeping the geometric figure projected on the image receiving plane unchanged. 5.32 Photo mosaic
The process of correcting multiple photos with overlapping images, stitching them according to control points or images with the same name, cutting off the edge strips of the overlapping parts, and stitching and pasting the central parts on the drawing board. Synonyms, cut mosaic
5.33 Optical mosaic
The process of stitching and printing the corrected images of overlapping remote sensing images or other photos one by one on the same photosensitive material.
5.34 Differential correction Differential correction Use the small area of aerial photographs or other remote sensing images as the correction unit, and realize any transformation between the two images through the geometric transformation of the correction unit.
5.35 Orthophotography: orthophatutechniqueUse the small area of aerial photographs or other remote sensing images as the correction unit, and correct the two images unit by unit to obtain the ground orthophotographic image.
5.36 Optical differential correction Optical differential correction Differential correction using an optical projection type orthographic projection device to scan and expose the image of the film image one by one. Synonymous word: gap correction
5.37 Electronic differential correction Electronic differential correction Differential correction achieved by a flying spot scanning tube. 5.38 Analytical rectification Analytical rectification is the differential rectification performed on the orthographic projector using analytical methods based on the image section data or the digital elevation model. 5.39 Digital rectification is the differential rectification of the digital image pixel by pixel based on the imaging equation of the remote sensor and the digital elevation model established. Synonyms: digital differential rectification
5.40 Digital mosaic digital masaic
The technology of mosaicking the re-registered digital image information using a computer. 5.41 Profile data collecting is the process of collecting terrain undulation data along the section.
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