Standard number: GB/T 20001.4-2015
Standard name: Rules for drafting standards
-Part 4: Test method standards English name: Rules for drafting standards-Part 4: Test method standards ||
tt||Standard format: PDF
Release time: 2015-09-11
Implementation time: 2016-01-01
Standard size: 1.61M
Standard introduction: This part of GB/T20001 specifies the drafting rules for the structure and principles, test conditions, reagents or materials, instruments and equipment, samples, test steps, test data processing, test reports, etc. of test method standards.
This part is applicable to the drafting of test method standards in standards at all levels
2 Normative reference documents
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For all referenced documents with dates, only the versions with dates are applicable to this document. For any undated referenced documents, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this article
GB/T1.1 Guidelines for standardization work Part 1: Structure and preparation of standards GB/T3358 (all parts) Statistical vocabulary and symbols
GB/T6379 (all parts) Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results GB/T2000.1 Guidelines for standardization work Part 1: General terms for standardization and related activities GB/T20001 "Rules for the preparation of standards" are intended to be divided into the following parts:
Part 1: Terminology standards;
Part 2: Symbol standards;
Part 3: Classification standards;
Part 4: Test method standards;
Part 5: Specification standards;
Part 6: Procedure standards;
Part 7: Guidance Standards
Part 10: Product Standards
This part is Part 4 of GB/T20001.
This part was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009
This part replaces GB/T2001.42001 "Standard Writing Rules Part 4: Chemical Analysis Methods". Compared with GB/T200142001, the structure has been greatly adjusted, and the common content of test methods in the chemical analysis method standard writing details in Appendix A of GBT200042001 has been adjusted to the main text as Chapter 6. In addition to the editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows:
The scope of application of the standard has been modified (see Chapter 1, Chapter 1 of the 2001 edition);
The principles for the compilation of test method standards when there are multiple test methods for the same characteristic have been added (see 4.2);
The element "warning" has been modified to "caution" (see 6.2, A.4 of the 2001 edition);
The drafting rules for the element "scope" have been modified (see 6.3, A.5 of the 2001 edition);
The drafting rules for the element "test conditions" have been added (see 6.5);
The element "apparatus" has been modified to "instrument and equipment", and the corresponding drafting rules have been modified (see 6.7, A.11 of the 2001 edition) A test method standard is a standard that gives the steps for determining the characteristic values, performance indicators or components of materials, components, finished products, etc. and the way to draw conclusions. Test method standardization is to establish test steps and result calculation rules for determining specified characteristics or indicators with test methods as the standardization object, so as to provide guidance for test activities and processes. The purpose of test method standards is to promote mutual understanding. Test method standards have a typical structure in text form, specific elements and corresponding content expression rules. Its main technical elements include instruments and equipment, samples, test steps, test data processing and test reports.
Test method is a general term for analysis methods, measurement methods, etc. In practice, the determination of specified characteristics or indicators of materials, components, finished products, etc. may involve many different types of tests such as chemical and spectrochemical analysis, mechanical and electrical tests, weathering tests, combustion tests, radiation exposure tests, etc., while GB/T201.4-2001 "Standard Writing Rules Part 4: Chemical Analysis Methods" only stipulates the writing rules for standards with chemical analysis methods as the standardization object, which has a limited scope of application and therefore needs to be revised. This revision considers test method standards as an independent type of standards and establishes clear writing rules for them, so as to universally guide the writing of test method standards in standards at all levels, thereby ensuring the coordination and unification of standard elements and improving the overall writing quality of standards. GB/T20001 "Standard Writing Rules", GB/T1 "Guidelines for Standardization Work", GB/T20000 "Guidelines for Standardization Work"
GB/T20002 "Drafting of Specific Content in Standards" and GB/T20003 "Special Procedures for Standardization" together constitute a
basic series of national standards supporting the formulation and revision of standards||tt
||This part of GB/T20001 specifies the structure of test method standards and the drafting rules for principles, test conditions, reagents or materials, instruments and equipment, samples, test steps, test data processing, test reports and other contents. This part is applicable to the writing of test method standards in standards at all levels.
GB/T20001 "Rules for Writing Standards", GB/T1 "Guidelines for Standardization Work", GB/T20000 "Guidelines for Standardization Work",
GB/T20002 "Drafting of Specific Content in Standards" and GB/T20003 "Special Procedures for Standard Formulation" together constitute a basic series of national standards that support the formulation and revision of standards.
GB/T20001 "Rules for Writing Standards" is to be divided into the following parts:
———Part 1: Terminology standards;
———Part 2: Symbol standards;
———Part 3: Classification standards;
———Part 4: Test method standards;
———Part 5: Specification standards;
———Part 6: Procedure standards;
———Part 7: Guidance standards;
...
———Part 10: Product standards.
This part is Part 4 of GB/T20001.
This part was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009.
This part replaces GB/T20001.4—2001 “Rules for the preparation of standards Part 4: Chemical analysis methods”. Compared with GB/T20001.4—2001, the structure has been greatly adjusted, and the common content of test methods in the detailed rules for the preparation of chemical analysis methods in Appendix A of GB/T20001.4—2001 has been adjusted to the main text as Chapter 6. In addition to editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows:
——— The scope of application of the standard has been modified (see Chapter 1, Chapter 1 of the 2001 edition);
——— The principles for the compilation of test method standards when there are multiple test methods for the same characteristic have been added (see 4.2);
——— The element "warning" has been modified to "caution" (see 6.2, A.4 of the 2001 edition);
——— The drafting rules for the element "scope" have been modified (see 6.3, A.5 of the 2001 edition);
——— The drafting rules for the element "test conditions" have been added (see 6.5);
——— The element "apparatus" has been modified to "instrument and equipment", and the corresponding drafting rules have been modified (see 6.7, A.11 of the 2001 edition);
———Modify the element "sampling" to "sample", and modify the corresponding drafting rules (see 6.8, A.12, A.13.2 and A.13.6 of the 2001 edition);
———Modify the element "analytical steps" to "test steps", and modify the corresponding drafting rules (see 6.9, A.13.1, A.13.3, A.13.4, A.13.5, A.13.6 and A.13.7 of the 2001 edition);
———Modify the element "result calculation" to "test data processing", and modify the corresponding drafting rules (see 6.10, A.14 of the 2001 edition);
———Add the drafting rules for measurement uncertainty (see 6.11.2).
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing agency of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying these patents.
This part was proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee on Standardization Principles and Methods (SAC/TC286).
The drafting organizations of this part are: China National Institute of Standardization, Shenzhen Huace Testing Technology Co., Ltd., and Mechanical Industry Instrument and Meter Comprehensive Technology and Economic Research Institute.
The main drafters of this part are: Du Xiaoyan, Pang Zhenghu, Bai Dianyi, Liu Zehua, Ouyang Jinsong, Liu Shenzhai, Lu Xilin, Wang Chunxi, and Zhang Jun. The
previous versions of the standards replaced by this part are:
———GB/T1.4—1988;
———GB/T20001.4—2001.
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For any dated referenced document, only the dated version applies to this document. For any undated referenced document, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T1.1 Guidelines for standardization work Part 1: Structure and preparation of standards
GB/T3358 (all parts) Statistical vocabulary and symbols
GB/T6379 (all parts) Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results
GB/T20000.1 Guidelines for standardization work Part 1: Common terms for standardization and related activities

ICS01.120
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National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T20001.4——2015
Replaces GB/T20001.4—2001
Rules for drafting standards-Part4:Test method standards
2015-09-11 Issued
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Standardization Administration of China
2016-01-01 Implementation
GB/T20001.4—2015
Normative references
Terms and definitions
Drafting of elements
Standard name
Test conditions
Reagents or materials
Instruments and equipment
Test procedures
Test data processing
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Precision and measurement uncertainty
Quality assurance and control
Test report:
Special circumstances
Appendix A (Normative Appendix)||tt ||Applicable to the preparation details of chemical analysis test methods, naming of chemicals
A.3 Reagents or materials
Appendix B (Informative Appendix)
Appendix C (Informative Appendix)
References
Examples of the expression form of precision clauses
Statistical data and other data obtained from inter-laboratory test results 10
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GB/T20001.4—2015
GB/T20001 "Rules for the Preparation of Standards", GB/T1 "Guidelines for Standardization Work", GB/T20000 "Guidelines for Standardization Work", GB/T20002 "Drafting of Specific Content in Standards" and GB/T20003 "Special Procedures for Standardization" together constitute the basic series of national standards that support the formulation and revision of standards.
GB/T20001 "Rules for the Preparation of Standards" is to be divided into the following parts: Part 1: Terminology standards;
Part 2: Symbol standards;
Part 3: Classification standards;
Part 4: Test method standards;
Part 5: Specification standards;
Part 6: Procedure standards;
Part 7: Guidance standards;
Part 10: Product standards.
This part is Part 4 of GB/T20001. This part was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009. This part replaces GB/T20001.4-2001 "Rules for the Preparation of Standards Part 4: Chemical Analysis Methods". Compared with GB/T20001.4-2001, the structure has been greatly adjusted. The common content of test methods in the standard writing guidelines for chemical analysis methods in Appendix A of GB/T20001.4-2001 has been adjusted to the main text as Chapter 6. In addition to the editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows: the scope of application of the standard has been modified (see Chapter 1, Chapter 1 of the 2001 edition); the principles for the compilation of test method standards when there are multiple test methods for the same characteristic have been added (see 4.2); the element "warning" has been modified to "caution" (see 6.2, A.4 of the 2001 edition); the drafting rules for the element "scope" have been modified (see 6.3, A.5 of the 2001 edition); the drafting rules for the element "test conditions" have been added (see 6.5); the element "instrument" has been modified to "instrument and equipment", and the corresponding drafting rules have been modified (see 6.7, A.11 of the 2001 edition); the element "sampling" has been modified to "sample", and the corresponding drafting rules have been modified (see 6.8, A.11 of the 2001 edition); A.12, A.13.2 and A.13.6);
Modify the element "analysis steps" to "test steps", and modify the corresponding drafting rules (see 6.9, A.13.1, A.13.3, A.13.4.A.13.5, A.13.6 and A.13.7 of the 2001 edition);Modify the element "result calculation" to "test data processing", and modify the corresponding drafting rules (see 6.10, A.14 of the 2001 edition);
Add the drafting rules for measurement uncertainty (see 6.11.2). Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing agency of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying these patents. This part is sponsored by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Principles and Methods of Standardization ( SAC/TC286) proposed and coordinated. Drafting units of this part: China National Institute of Standardization, Shenzhen Huace Testing Technology Co., Ltd., and Comprehensive Technical and Economic Research Institute of Mechanical Industry Instruments.
Main drafters of this part: Du Xiaoyan, Feng Zhenghu, Bai Dianyi Liu Zehua, Ouyang Jinsong, Liu Shenzhai, Lu Xilin, Wang Chunxi, and Zhang Jun. The previous versions of the standards replaced by this part are: GB/T1.4-1988;
GB/T20001.4—2001.
GB/T20001.4—2015
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Test method standards are procedures for determining the characteristic values, performance indicators or components of materials, components, finished products, etc. and the standard of the way to draw conclusions. Test method standardization is to take the test method as the standardization object, establish the test steps and result calculation rules for determining the specified characteristics or indicators, and provide guidance for test activities and processes. The purpose of test method standards is to promote mutual understanding. Test method standards have a typical structure in text form, specific elements and corresponding content expression rules. Its main technical elements include instruments and equipment, samples, test steps, test data processing and test reports. Test methods are a general term for analysis methods, measurement methods, etc. In practice, the determination of specified characteristics or indicators of materials, components, finished products, etc. may involve many different types of tests such as chemical and spectrochemical analysis, mechanical and electrical tests, weathering tests, combustion tests, radiation exposure tests, etc. However, GB/T20001.4-2001 "Standard Writing Rules Part 4: Chemical Analysis Methods" only stipulates the writing rules for standards with chemical analysis methods as the standardization object, and its scope of application is limited, so it needs to be revised. This revision considers the test method standard as an independent type of standard and establishes clear writing rules for it, so as to universally guide the writing of test method standards in standards at all levels, thereby ensuring the coordination and unification of standard elements and improving the overall writing quality of standards. H
1 Scope
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Standard Writing Rules
Part 4: Test Method Standards
GB/T20001.4—2015
This part of GB/T20001 specifies the structure of test method standards and the drafting rules for the principles, test conditions, reagents or materials, instruments and equipment, samples, test procedures, test data processing, test reports, etc. This part is applicable to the writing of test method standards in standards at all levels. 2 Normative References
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For all referenced documents with dates, only the versions with dates apply to this document. For any undated referenced document, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T1.1 Guidelines for standardization work Part 1: Structure and preparation of standards GB/T3358 (all parts) Statistical vocabulary and symbols GB/T6379 (all parts) Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results GB/T20000.1 Guidelines for standardization work Part 1: General terms for standardization and related activities 3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T3358 and GB/T20000.1 apply to this document. For ease of use, the main relevant terms and definitions are repeated below.
test method standard
test method standard
testing standardtesting standard
A standard that fully describes the test activities and the way to draw conclusions within the precision range suitable for the specified purpose and under given circumstances. Note 1: Test method standards sometimes have other clauses related to testing, such as sampling, application of statistical methods, sequence of multiple tests, etc. Note 2: Where appropriate, the test method standard may describe the equipment and tools required to carry out the test activities. [GB/T20000.1—2014, Definition 7.5, Modification—Added the priority term "test method standard" 3.2
Trueness
The degree of agreement between a test result or measurement result and the true value is expected. Note 1: The measure of trueness is usually expressed in terms of bias. Note 2: Trueness is sometimes called "accuracy of the mean", but this usage is not recommended. Note 3: In practice, the true value is replaced by the accepted reference value. [GB/T3358.2—2009, Definition 3.3.3] 3.3
Precision
The degree of agreement between independent test/measurement results obtained under specified conditions. Note 1: Precision depends only on the distribution of random errors and has nothing to do with the true or specified value. 2: The measure of precision is usually expressed in terms of "imprecision", and its value is expressed in terms of the standard deviation of the test result or measurement result. The larger the standard deviation, the lower the precision
GB/T20001.4—2015
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Note 3: The quantitative measurement of precision strictly depends on the specified conditions, and repeatability conditions and reproducibility conditions are two extreme cases. [GB/T3358.2—2009, Definition 3.3.4] 3.4
accuracy
Accuracy
The degree of agreement between a test result or measurement result and the true value. Note 1: In practice, the true value is replaced by the accepted reference value. Note 2: The term "accuracy", when applied to a set of test or measurement results, consists of a random error component and a systematic error component, namely a bias component. Note 3: Accuracy is a combination of correctness and precision. [GB/T3358.2—2009, definition 3.3.1]］3.5
Repeatability
repeatability
Precision under repeatability conditions.
Note: Repeatability can be quantitatively expressed by the discrete characteristics of the results. [GB/T3358.2—2009, definition 3.3.5]3.6
repeatability conditions
Repeatability conditions
Observational conditions under which the same operator tests/measures the same test/measurement object in the same way, using the same test/measurement facilities, and within a short time interval in order to obtain independent test/measurement results. Note: Repeatability conditions include:
same measurement procedure or test method;
same operator;
using the same measurement or test facility under the same conditions; same location: wwW.bzxz.Net
repetition within a short time interval.
[GB/T3358.2—2009, definition 3.3.6]3.7
Repeatability limit
repeatabilitylimit
The critical difference of repeatability with a specified probability of 95%. [GB/T3358.2—2009, definition 3.3.9]3.8
Reproducibility
reproducibility
Precision under reproducibility conditions.
Note 1: Reproducibility can be quantitatively expressed by the discrete characteristics of the result. Note 2: The result is usually understood as a corrected result. [GB/T3358.2—2009, definition 3.3.10]3.9
reproducibility conditions
Reproducibility conditions
Observation conditions under which independent test/measurement results are obtained by different operators using the same method and different test or measurement facilities to observe the same test/measurement object. [GB/T3358.2-2009, definition 3.3.11] 3.10
Reproducibility limit
reproducibility limit
Specify the critical difference of reproducibility with a probability of 95%. 2
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[GB/T3358.2-2009, definition 3.3.14] 4 General
4.1 The structure, writing rules and format of the test method standard shall comply with the provisions of GB/T1.1. GB/T20001.4-2015
4.2 For the determination of the same characteristic, when multiple test methods are required due to different applicable products, different test technologies, etc., each test method should be compiled as a separate standard or a separate part. 4.3 The test method should be able to ensure that the accuracy of the test results is within the specified requirements. When necessary, the test method should include a statement about the accuracy limit of the test results.
5 Structure
The essential elements of the test method standard include: cover, foreword, standard name, scope, instruments and equipment, samples, test steps, and test data processing.
The typical arrangement of the elements in the test method standard and the allowed expression form of each element are shown in Table 1. When writing the standard, the relevant elements in Table 1 can be selected according to the characteristics of the test method. The test method standard may also include other normative technical elements outside Table 1 as appropriate. For example, the chemical analysis method standard may also include other normative technical elements such as chemical naming and reaction formula. The normative technical elements and their writing rules that are only applicable to chemical analysis method standards are shown in Appendix A. Table 1 Typical arrangement of elements in test method standards Element type
Informative overview element
Normative general element
Standard name
Arrangement of "elements"
Normative referenced documents
Permitted expression forms of elements
Text (information indicating the standard)
Text (automatically generated content)
List of documents (normative references)
GB/T20001.4—2015
Element type
Normative technical element
Informative supplementary element
Normative technical element
Informative supplementary element
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Table 1 (continued)
Arrangement of "elements"
Terms and definitions
Test conditions
Reagents or materials
Instruments and equipment
Test procedures
Test data processing
Precision and measurement uncertainty
Quality assurance and control
Test report
Special circumstances
Normative annex
Informative annex
Normative annex
References
Note: The order of the elements in the table is their specific position in the standard. Bold indicates "essential", regular font indicates "normative", and italic indicates "informative". 6 Drafting of elements
6.1 Standard name
Permitted forms of expression for elements"
Document list (informative reference)
The name of a test method standard usually consists of three elements: the object to which the test method is applicable, the specified characteristics to be measured, and the nature of the test method.
Example 1: Determination of trace chlorine in industrial light olefins Wickbold combustion method
If the test method standard is used to detect multiple characteristics, the standard name should use a general name that omits the specified characteristics and the nature of the test method. Example 2: General test method for butyl rubber medicinal bottle stoppers iiiKAa~cJouakAa-
GB/T20001.4—2015
When the standard contains multiple independent test methods for the same characteristic, the description of the nature of the test method should be omitted in the standard name. Example 3: Vulcanization Determination of the density of rubber or thermoplastic rubber 6.2 Warning
If the samples, reagents or test procedures being tested may be dangerous or may cause harm to health or the environment, the necessary precautions should be specified to alert the users of the test method standard. The text expressing the warning elements should be in bold. If the hazard: is general or comes from the sample being tested, it should be given under the standard name on the first page of the text; - comes from specific reagents or materials, it should be given under the heading "Reagents or Materials"; - is inherent in the test procedure, it should be given at the beginning of the "Test Procedure". Example: (The following text is given in bold under the standard name on the first page of the standard text) Warning - Personnel using this standard should have practical experience in formal laboratory work. This standard does not address all possible safety issues. It is the responsibility of the user to take appropriate safety and health measures and ensure that the conditions stipulated by relevant national laws and regulations are met. 6.3 Scope
The scope shall concisely indicate the properties to be determined and shall specify the objects to which it applies. Where necessary, the limits to which the standard is not applicable or the various limitations that exist may be indicated.
For the same property of the same object and based on the same basic test technology, it is sometimes necessary to include more than one test method in the standard. For example, due to different contents of the components to be measured in the sample or different requirements for the accuracy of the determination, the different applicable limits or applicable test types of the listed methods shall be clearly indicated in the "scope", and each method shall be arranged in its own independent chapter. If applicable, the scope shall also include the test technology used (e.g., gas chromatography) and the place where the test is carried out (e.g., laboratory, on-site or online, etc.).
6.4 Principle
Where necessary, "Principle" may be used to indicate the basic principle, method nature and basic steps of the test method. 6.5 Test conditions
If the test method is affected by test conditions other than the test object itself, such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, fluid velocity, voltage and frequency, the conditions required for conducting the test should be clearly stated in the "Test conditions". Example 1: Temperature: 23℃±2℃; Relative humidity: 25%75%. Example 2: The water area for water test should meet the following requirements: - The wind speed during the test is not more than 5m/s:
The water temperature of the test water area is not higher than 32℃.
6.6 Reagents or materials
6.6.1 "Reagents or materials" usually includes an optional introduction and a list of reagents and/or materials used in the test. The reagents and/or materials in the list are the reagents and/or materials used in the test process, and the name is followed by a description of the main characteristics of the reagents and/or materials on the same line (for example, concentration, density, etc.). If necessary, the purity level of the reagent should be indicated. If available, the corresponding Chemical Abstracts registration number should be given.
6.6.2 Reagents and/or materials used in commercial form should be clearly indicated, and detailed instructions for their identification (e.g., chemical name, concentration, Chemical Abstracts Registration Number, etc.) should be given. 6.6.3 The reagents and/or materials listed in "Reagents or Materials" should be numbered sequentially for easy identification. The order of arrangement is as follows: - Reagents or materials used in commercial form (excluding solutions); solutions and suspensions (excluding standard titration solutions and standard solutions); 5
GB/T20001.4—2015
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standard titration solutions and standard solutions;
- Indicators:
Auxiliary materials (desiccant, etc.).
According to convention, aqueous solutions should not be listed specifically as reagents and/or materials. 6.6.4
6.6.5 Reagents and/or materials used only in the preparation of a reagent and/or material should not be listed. 6.6.6 If necessary, the precautions and storage period of these reagents and/or materials should be specifically indicated in a separate paragraph. 6.7 Instruments and Equipment
6.7.1 "Instruments and Equipment" should list the names and main characteristics of the instruments and equipment used in the test. If appropriate, the national standards and other applicable standards for glassware and instruments in the relevant laboratory should be mentioned. In special cases, "Instruments and Equipment" should also put forward the metrological verification and calibration requirements of instruments and meters.
Example 1: "4.1 Single-line pipette, capacity 50mL, GB/T12808 Class A." Example 2: "The measuring instruments and meters used in the test should be verified and qualified by the metrological verification agency and within the validity period. After entering the test site, a metrological review will be carried out, and a permit will be issued after the review is qualified." 6.7.2 For instruments and equipment that are not commercially available, the specifications and requirements of such instruments and equipment should also be included so that other parties can conduct comparative tests. For special types of instruments and equipment and their installation methods, if the requirements for the preparation of the instruments and equipment are relatively extensive, they should be given in the appendix. The necessary characteristics of the instruments and equipment should be listed in the main text, supplemented by simple diagrams or illustrations. The names of the listed instruments and equipment should be numbered sequentially for easy identification. 6.8 Samples
6.8.1 "Samples" should give all the steps for preparing samples (e.g., grinding, drying, etc.), and clearly state the conditions that the samples should meet before testing, such as size and quantity, technical status, characteristics (e.g., particle size distribution, mass or volume), storage conditions, etc. If necessary, the characteristics of the container used to store the samples (e.g., material, capacity, air tightness, etc.) should also be given. When a sample of a specific shape is required, the main dimensions including tolerances should be indicated. "Samples" can also be supplemented by schematic diagrams showing detailed information about the samples. 6.8.2 Imperative sentences should be used to give necessary guidance on manual sample collection. If the test results are a combination of tests on different samples, a special description of how to collect samples is required. If applicable, the method for collecting samples should directly refer to relevant current standards. If there are no relevant current standards, "Samples" can include the plan and steps for collecting samples. In addition, the sample collector should also provide necessary guidance on the storage and test preparation of the shortage samples.
6.8.3 If appropriate, "sample" should also state or express in a formula the method of weighing or measuring the sample (for example, using a pipette) and the mass or volume of the sample and the required measurement accuracy. Example 1: "Weigh 5g of sample, accurate to 1mg\. Example 2: Weigh about 2g of sample, accurate to 1mg". Example 3: "Weigh 1.9g~2.1g of sample, accurate to 1mg". Example 4: "Measure 10mL of sample solution with a pipette". Example 5: "Measure 10mL±0.05mL of sample solution". Example 6: m=5g±1mg".
Example 7 "m=(5±0.001)g"
6.8.4 During the test, if it is necessary to retain the product obtained from a certain test step (for example, filtrate, precipitate or residue) as a "sample" for a subsequent test step, it should be clearly stated and the "sample" should be identified with uppercase Latin letters for easy identification when it is used in subsequent tests.
Example 1 "Retain filtrate C for the determination of sodium content". If the sample is a product of other test steps (for example, filtrate, precipitate, residue), its source should be clearly identified with uppercase Latin letters.
Example 2: "Solution A - filtrate C obtained from the determination of calcium sulfate". 6.8.5 "Sample" should also be clearly identified with uppercase Latin letters. It can be a complete product, a semi-finished product or a component, such as a mobile phone for mobile communications, a radio and television receiver, a modified semi-finished product, etc.
6.9 Test steps
6.9.1 General
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GB/T20001.4-2015
6.9.1.1 The test steps include the preparation work before the test and the implementation steps during the test. The "test steps" can be divided into as many items as there are operations or series of operations to be performed. If there are many steps in the test, the items can be further subdivided, and the specified test steps can be given one by one, including the necessary pre-operations.
6.9.1.2 The operations or series of operations in the test steps should be carried out in a logical order In order to facilitate the statement, understanding and application of the test steps, each operation should be accurately stated using imperative sentences, and the relevant test steps should be stated in an easy-to-read form in the appropriate clause or paragraph. 6.9.1.3 When alternative steps are given, the relationship with the main step should be clarified, that is, which is the preferred step and which is the arbitration step. 6.9.1.4 If there may be dangers in the test steps (for example, explosion, fire or poisoning) and special protective measures need to be taken, the warning content should be marked in bold at the beginning of the "Test Steps" and the special protective measures should be stated. 6.9.1.5 If necessary, details of safety measures and first aid measures can be given in the appendix. 6.9.1.6 The corresponding code can be written in brackets after the name of the reagent or material in the test steps. 6.9.1.7 The corresponding number can be written in brackets after the name of the instrument in the test steps to avoid repeating the characteristics of these instruments. If it does not cause confusion, the corresponding number does not need to be repeated each time. 6.9.2 Calibration of instruments
If it is necessary to use a calibrated instrument, a separate line should be set up at an appropriate position in the "Test Procedure" to give the detailed calibration steps in an imperative sentence, and prepare a calibration curve or table and instructions for use. If necessary, the calibration frequency should also be included (for example, when testing in batches). If the detailed steps for calibration are completely or partially the same as the test steps, the detailed steps for calibration should refer to the corresponding test steps. Example. *The following is carried out according to steps 9.3.4 to 9.3.8. "6.9.3 Test
6.9.3.1 Preliminary or verification tests
The "preliminary test" or "verification test" should state the verification of the function of the instrument after assembly. If necessary, a preliminary check of the instrument to be used (e.g., checking the performance characteristics of a gas chromatograph) should be carried out, or the validity of the test method should be verified using certified reference materials (standard samples), synthetic samples or natural products of known purity. All the details necessary to carry out this verification should be given in the "preliminary or verification test". 6.9.3.2 Blank test
If a blank test is required, all the conditions under which it was carried out should be specified. The blank test should be carried out in parallel with the test, using the same test steps, taking the same amounts of all reagents, but without adding sample. In some cases, the omission of sample may result in the conditions of the blank test being different from those of the actual test, which may affect the application of the test method. In this case, these differences and the adjustments required should be stated. 6.9.3.3 Comparison test
If interference from a certain phenomenon (e.g., "background" color, background noise) needs to be taken into account or eliminated, an appropriate comparison test should be given including all the details of the test steps.
GB/T20001.4—2015
6.9.3.4 Parallel test
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If applicable, state at the beginning of the test: "Two tests are carried out in parallel". Test data processing
6.10.1 "Test data processing" should list the various data to be recorded in the test. 2 "Test data processing" should give the method of expressing the test results or the method of calculating the results, and should explain the following: 6.10.2
The units used to express the results;
Calculation formula:
The meaning of the physical quantity symbols used in the formula; - The units of the quantity;
- The number of decimal places or significant digits after the calculation result. If a symbol represents different meanings of the same quantity, an Arabic numeral subscript (0, 1, 2, ) should be added to the symbol (for example: masmi, mz).
Example 1: The alkalinity of a substance is determined by titration, with hydrochloric acid standard titration solution as the titrant. The concentration of hydrochloric acid c(HCI) = 0.2 mol/L. The calculation method is as follows:
Alkalinity is measured as the mass fraction of potassium hydroxide (KOH). The value is expressed in milligrams per gram (mg/g) and is calculated according to the following formula:e
Where:
V——The volume of the hydrochloric acid standard titration solution (the relevant number in "reagents or materials" is given), in milliliters (mL): c——The exact value of the concentration of the hydrochloric acid standard titration solution, in moles per liter (mol/L); M—The molar mass of potassium hydroxide, in grams per mole (g/molD (M=56.109); The mass of a sample The value of the amount is in grams (g). m
The calculation result is expressed to two decimal places. Example 2: The alkalinity of a substance is determined by titration, with hydrochloric acid standard titration solution as the titrant. The concentration of hydrochloric acid c(HCI) = 0.2 mol/L. The calculation method is as follows:
Alkalinity is calculated as the mass fraction αa of potassium hydroxide (KOH) according to the following formula: =(V/100)eM
Where:
V—hydrochloric acid standard titration solution (given The numerical value of the volume of the sample (the relevant number in the "reagent or material") in milliliters (mL); C
the accurate numerical value of the concentration of the hydrochloric acid standard titration solution in moles per liter (mol/L); M——the numerical value of the molar mass of potassium hydroxide in grams per mole (g/mol) (M=56.109); m
the numerical value of the mass of the sample in grams (g). The calculated result is expressed to two decimal places. 6.11 Precision and measurement uncertainty
6.11.1 Precision
For methods that have been tested between laboratories, their precision data (for example, repeatability and reproducibility) should be indicated. Precision data should be calculated in accordance with the relevant parts of GB/T 6379 or other applicable standards. It should be clearly stated whether the precision is expressed in absolute or relative terms. For examples of the form of expression of precision terms, see Appendix B. Statistical data and other data obtained from the results of inter-laboratory tests should be given in the appendix, and examples are shown in Appendix C. 8
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