Some standard content:
1 Scope of application
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Guidelines for designing of electrical equipment to satisfy safety requirements
General guide for designing of electrical equipment to satisfy safety requirements This standard applies to all types of electrical equipment.
This standard does not apply to semi-finished products that cannot be used independently. UDC 621.3:621
GB4064—83
This standard is the basis of safety standards for all types of electrical equipment. Its provisions are further specified in relevant standards. The design of electrical equipment should comply with the relevant provisions of this standard to ensure safety. 2 Terminology
2.1 Electrical equipment
Includes devices for power generation, transformation, transmission, distribution or consumption, such as motors, electrical appliances, transformers, measuring instruments, protection devices, electrical appliances (hereinafter referred to as equipment).
2.2 Hazards
All kinds of hazards that may be caused to human life and health, including hazards caused by electric shock, noise, radiation, high frequency, overheating, fire, arc, pollution and other influences. 2.3 Use in accordance with regulationsbZxz.net
Use in accordance with the conditions given by the equipment manufacturer. Maintaining the predetermined operating and maintenance conditions also belongs to use in accordance with regulations. 2.4 Safety technical measures
All structural and descriptive measures taken in advance to avoid danger. Can be divided into direct, indirect and suggestive safety technical measures.
2.5 Special safety technical measures
Devices that only have the purpose of improving and ensuring the safe use of equipment without other functions. 2.6 Users
2.6.1 Professionals
People who have received professional education, have professional knowledge and experience, and can identify the possible dangers of the equipment they operate and use. 2.6.2 Personnel with primary training
Personnel who have received professional and technical training related to the tasks they undertake. Personnel who have sufficient understanding of the dangers that may occur if they do not operate according to the regulations.
2.6.3 Layman
Non-professionals, personnel who have received primary training. 2.7 Electrical operation place
Rooms or places where electrical equipment is mainly used for operation and only relevant professionals or personnel with primary training are allowed to enter. Such as switch room, control room, test room, generator room, isolated distribution equipment, isolated test field, etc. 2.8 Locked electrical operation place
Rooms or places used for the operation of electrical equipment that are closed by keys (such as locked switch distribution equipment, transformer room and elevator drive room National Bureau of Standards issued on December 22, 1983, implemented on October 1, 1984, GB4064-83, etc.). Only authorized professional personnel and personnel who have received relevant preliminary training can enter the locked area. 2.9 Live parts
Conductive parts that carry live electricity. 2.10 Conductive parts
Conductive parts that can conduct electricity do not necessarily carry the current. 2.11 Exposed conductive parts
Conductive parts that are easily touched and parts that are not live but may become live under fault conditions. 2.12 Direct contact protection
All measures to prevent people from contacting the live parts of electrical equipment and suffering from injuries. 2.13 Indirect contact protection
All measures to prevent people from suffering from dangerous contact with the exposed conductive parts of electrical equipment. 3 Basic requirements for safety design
3.1 Objectives of safety technology
Safety must be ensured when the equipment is installed and used in accordance with regulations, and no risks shall occur. All electrical equipment, devices and components shall meet safety requirements. If there is a conflict between safety technology and economic interests, safety technology requirements should be given priority and considered in the following order of priority.
3.1.1 Direct safety technical measures
The equipment itself should be designed without any danger or hidden danger. 3.1.2 Indirect safety technical measures
If direct safety technical measures are not possible or not completely possible, special safety technical measures should be taken. 3.1.3 Indicative safety technical measures
If direct or indirect safety technical measures cannot or cannot fully achieve the purpose, it is necessary to explain under what conditions the equipment can be used safely.
3.1.3.1 If it is necessary to use a certain method of transportation, storage, installation, positioning, wiring or commissioning to prevent the overall danger, sufficient explanation should be given. 3.1.3.2 If in order to prevent the occurrence of danger, certain rules must be observed during the use and maintenance of the equipment, easy-to-understand instructions for use and operation should be provided.
3.2 Safety under special conditions
If there are special environments or operating conditions when the equipment is used as specified, the equipment must be designed to comply with this standard under the required special conditions. These special conditions include: a. Explosion hazard or flammability hazard:
b. Abnormally high or low temperature:
c. Abnormal moisture source:
d. Special chemicals, substances or materials. 3.5 Safety during manufacturing process
When designing equipment, special attention must be paid to the safety characteristics of the equipment manufacturing process. 4-General rules
4.1 Requirements
The equipment must be designed to ensure that no danger will occur when the equipment is used as specified. The equipment must be able to withstand the effects of physical and chemical reactions that may occur in normal use. If the load expected at the time of production is inconsistent with the actual load, or due to material defects that cannot be discovered early, the equipment must be designed to comply with this standard. , and GB4064-83
may have sales impacts, and appropriate safety technical measures must be taken, such as fuses and protective devices, to prevent dangers caused by overload, material defects or wear.
4.2 Materials
4.2.1 General requirements
Only materials that can withstand the physical and chemical effects that may occur when used in accordance with regulations are allowed to be selected. 4.2.2 Harmful materials
The materials used must not have any physiological effects on human health. If this requirement is not met, the safety technical measures must be taken in the order of 3, 1.
4.2.3 Aging-resistant materials
For any part where the performance of the equipment may be reduced due to material aging and affect safety, a tree with small chemical energy must be selected. 4.2.4 Anti-corrosion materials
For any part where corrosion may affect the safety of the equipment, materials with sufficient corrosion resistance must be selected, or sufficient anti-corrosion measures must be taken in other ways.
4.2.5 Electrical insulation
4.2.5.1 The equipment must have good electrical insulation to ensure the safety of the equipment and prevent the danger caused by the direct action of the current. For this purpose, the following must be done:
a. According to the application range, limit the leakage current to a limit that does not affect safety; b. The insulation material must have sufficient insulation performance; c. The insulation must have a certain safety factor to withstand overvoltages caused by various reasons; 4.2.5.2 The insulation that protects against dangerous contact voltages that occur when the basic insulation is damaged must be identified separately. 4.2.5.3 All kinds of insulating parts must have sufficient heat resistance. Insulating parts supporting, covering or enclosing live parts or conducting parts (especially parts that can arc during operation and cause particularly high heat during use as specified) shall not endanger their safety due to heat. 4.2.5.4 Insulating parts supporting live parts shall have sufficient ability to withstand moisture, pollution or similar influences without reducing their safety characteristics.
4.3 Moving parts
The rotating, swinging and transmission parts of the equipment shall be designed so that people cannot approach or touch them to prevent danger. If it cannot be avoided, safety technical measures must be taken.
4.4 Surfaces, corners and edges
Avoid exposed sharp corners, corners and rough surfaces on the equipment that may cause injuries. If there are any, they should be covered quickly. 4.5 Safety of footsteps and standing
In order to ensure that operators and maintenance personnel have sufficient and safe footsteps and positions, special safety technical measures such as platforms and platforms should be taken when necessary, and anti-slip structures and railings should be provided. 4.6 Equipment stability
This type of equipment must have reliable stability and must not be overturned by vibration, strong wind or other external forces. If the shape or the weight distribution itself cannot meet or cannot fully meet this requirement, special safety technical measures must be taken to make it have a more reasonable center of gravity position. For equipment that can be driven, anti-overturning devices must be considered. If the required stability of the equipment can only be achieved by avoiding special measures at the installation and use site and through certain use methods, it must be pointed out in the equipment itself or in the instructions for use. 4.7 Structures that meet transportation requirements
Equipment that cannot be moved or lifted by manpower. Appropriate loading and unloading equipment must be installed or can be installed. The detachable parts of the equipment, tools and equipment, must be marked with weight when the weight is not sufficient. The data must be clear and visible. Moreover, the inspector must be able to identify whether the standard data refers to the detachable parts or the entire equipment. 4.B Hazards during operation
4.B.1 Objects that can be thrown out
GB4064—83
When electrical equipment is in operation, if workpieces, tools, parts and metal dust generated by them are likely to be thrown out, special safety technical measures such as protective covers should be used. Generally, special safety technical measures should not be used. 4.8.2 Noise and vibration
The design of the equipment must keep the noise and vibration it emits at the lowest possible level. For example, select a more appropriate speed, use a low-noise drive mechanism and shock-absorbing components, etc. If it is difficult to adopt these measures or these measures still cannot guarantee safety, other measures that should be taken must be pointed out in the instruction manual. 4.B.3 Overheating and overcooling
If the hot or overcooled parts of the equipment can cause danger, anti-contact shielding must be taken. 4.8.4 Liquid
For equipment with liquid, when the liquid escapes during normal use, the electrical insulation shall not be damaged. In the event of a fault or accident, the liquid shall not flow into the work area or splash onto the staff. If it is difficult to adopt measures or these measures still cannot guarantee safety, other measures that should be taken must be pointed out in the instruction manual. If harmful liquids appear during operation, they must be sealed or rendered harmless before being discharged. 4.8.5 Dust, steam and gas
If harmful dust, steam and gas are generated during operation, they must be sealed or rendered harmless before being discharged. If it is difficult to adopt these measures or these measures still cannot guarantee safety, other measures that should be taken must be pointed out in the instruction manual.
4.9 Electric energy
4.9.1 Hazards of direct action of electric energy
4.9.1.1 General requirements
The equipment must be designed so that when used as specified, it provides adequate protection against the hazards caused by direct action of electric energy. 4.9.1.2 Protection against direct contact
4.9.1.2.1 The equipment must be designed so that users cannot touch live parts without auxiliary means or tools, or cannot approach them to the extent that they are exposed to danger. 4.9.1.2.2 If it is not possible to de-energize live parts and it is allowed to dismantle or open the parts of the equipment that are protected against direct contact, only tools with appropriate insulation are allowed to be used for dismantling or opening. 4.9.1.2.3 The protection in 4.9.1.2.1 and 4.9.1.2.2 may not be used if the following conditions are met: a. The voltage of the live parts does not exceed the specified safety voltage value in normal or fault conditions, b. In case of direct contact, only a current not exceeding the safety value can flow through: c: For equipment that is not used independently, the necessary protection can be achieved by installing it in a larger electrical equipment with sufficient direct contact protection:
d, the electrical equipment can be installed in a locked electrical operation place to achieve the necessary protection. 4.9.1.3 Indirect contact protection
4.9.1.3.1 The design of the equipment must ensure that when the basic insulation fails or an arc occurs, the user will not be harmed by the dangerous contact voltage. Therefore, the equipment must be equipped with one of the following protective measures: a: The conductive part must have a device connected to the grounding wire, and it must be ensured that the connection is electrically and mechanically very reliable; b. Use a double insulation structure, and grounding is not allowed: C. The contact voltage of the conductive part does not exceed the specified safety voltage value. 4.9.2 Dangers caused by intentionally applying electrical energy to the human body Intentionally applying electrical energy to the human body in the form of conduction, radiation, electric field, etc., only special equipment that has been specially considered to prevent risks is allowed. For example, medical electrical equipment and devices that use limited, non-hazardous current to flow through the human body, such as single-phase test pens, electric switches, etc.
4.9.3 Dangers caused by indirect effects of electrical energy
GB4064—83
4.9.3.1 In addition to the dangers caused by the direct effects of electrical energy, the dangers caused by the indirect effects of electrical energy must also be avoided. To this end, all kinds of radiation, high frequency, gases, steam, noise, vibration and similar mechanical and thermal effects that are harmful to health should be limited to a harmless range.
4.9.3.2 The temperature inside or around the equipment (including high temperature caused by overload and short circuit): It shall not affect the performance of the equipment and its surrounding environment and cause damage to safety. 4.9.4 Hazards caused by external influences
4.9.4.1 Environmental influence
The equipment must have sufficient protection to prevent safety from being endangered by environmental influences (such as impact, pressure, humidity, foreign body intrusion, etc.).
4.9.4.2 Overload
The equipment must have the ability to withstand a certain overload without endangering safety. If necessary, a device that automatically cuts off the current or limits the increase of the current should be installed.
4.9.5 Signs and labels
4.9.5.1 The equipment must have permanent, easily identifiable and clear signs or labels. These signs or labels give the main features necessary for the safe use of the equipment, such as rated parameters, wiring methods, grounding marks, hazard marks, possible special operation types and operating conditions.
4.9.5.2 For equipment that can be placed in different operating or functional states according to the user's selection (for example, when there are several rated voltages to choose from), it must have a device or mark that can clearly indicate the selected state. The quantitative or qualitative indication values of the devices set up for this purpose (such as measuring instruments, function selection switches) must have sufficient accuracy. 4.9.5.3 When it is not possible to mark it on the equipment due to the limitations of the equipment itself, the matters that should be paid attention to must be clearly, reliably and effectively told to the user in other ways. For example, in the form of operating instructions or installation instructions. In this case, such documents should be regarded as an integral part of the equipment.
4.9.6 Rated operating state
When the equipment is used as specified under the rated parameters, it shall not cause harm to people. As long as there is a safety requirement, the design rated parameters should have an appropriate tolerance. 4.9.7 Electrical wiring and electrical connection
4.9.7.1 The equipment must be equipped with a device that can reliably connect to the power supply. 4.9.7.2 The required connection means, such as connectors, connecting wires, terminal blocks, etc., must be able to withstand the specified (voltage, current and power), thermal (internal or external heating) and mechanical (pulling, pressing, bending, twisting, etc.) loads. Particularly vulnerable to hazards must be protected by position arrangement, structural design or additional devices. 4.9.7.3 Busbars and conductive or live connections shall not overheat, loosen or cause other dangerous changes when used as specified.
4.9.8 Electrical clearances and creepage distances
4.9.8.1 Adequate electrical clearances and creepage distances shall be reserved in all places where danger may occur due to voltage, fault current, leakage current or similar effects.
4.9.8.2 In special cases, such as when chemical corrosive liquids are used or dust is generated when used as specified, where electrical clearances and creepage distances may be impaired, they shall be protected by design structure, material selection and appropriate measures to prevent pollution, moisture or other harmful effects.
4.10 Switches, controls and regulating devices
4.10.1 Control and regulating devices
Electric connection, disconnection and control must ensure maximum safety. The design of the regulating part must prevent accidental connection or disconnection. For manual control, it is necessary to ensure that the function of the movement of the operating parts is clear and, if necessary, must be supplemented with easy-to-understand graphics and text descriptions. For automatic or partially automatic switches and control processes, it is necessary to ensure that the dangers caused by overlapping or crossing the above processes are eliminated. For this purpose, appropriate interlocking or limit devices must be installed. The design of the control system must ensure that no harm will be caused even if the wires are damaged. Complex safety technical systems must be equipped with automatic monitoring devices. If the equipment is equipped with a control device that serves as a clutch or interlocking mechanism for special safety technical measures, these mechanisms must have a mandatory effect. This requirement can be met in one of the following situations: a. Special safety technical measures must take effect at the same time as the start of the operation process and the operation process; b: The special safety technical measures must be implemented only after the operation is started, and the operation process can only start; c: When the staff approaches the dangerous area, the working process and the operation process must be stopped forcibly first. 4.10.2 Emergency switch
In case of the following situations, the equipment must be equipped with an emergency switch: a. In the area where danger may occur, the staff cannot quickly operate and close the switch to terminate the possible danger; b. There are several parts that may cause danger, and the staff cannot quickly operate a common operating switch to terminate the possible danger;
c. Cutting off all parts may cause danger; d. The complete set of equipment controlled cannot be seen at the control console. A sufficient number of emergency switches must be installed in places where people can quickly touch them from all control positions, and marked with red and conspicuous marks. Whether the equipment is connected or disconnected from the power supply, it is not allowed to cause danger due to the activation of the emergency switch. Sometimes it is necessary to brake the dangerous movement that stops slowly. The emergency switch should be reset manually. 4.10.3 Measures to prevent accidental overrun
For equipment that needs to check the dangerous area or the rest part (such as hands or walls) during installation, maintenance, and inspection, it is necessary to prevent accidental start-up. This requirement can be met by the following measures! a. Forcefully disconnect the power input of the equipment first; b. Use a main switch with multiple interlocks in the "off" position; c. The control or interlocking element is located in the hazardous area and can only be locked or started here; d. Have a removable switch key.
4.11 Static Electricity Accumulation
Dangerous static electricity accumulation must be prevented. If this is not possible, special safety and technical measures should be taken to make it harmless. 4.12 Working Medium
The working medium required for the operation of the equipment shall not have a harmful effect on people and the surrounding environment. If it is impossible to avoid dangerous working media (such as the working medium of flame retardant equipment, paint spraying equipment, electroplating equipment, etc.), special safety and technical measures must be taken, or the operating instructions must specify under what conditions it can be used without danger. 4.13 Ergonomic Structure
In order to reduce labor intensity and fatigue and to facilitate use, the design of the equipment should be adapted to the rest, physical and physiological characteristics of people. Additional notes:
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Machinery Industry and drafted by the Standardization Promotion and Chemical Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry.
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