This standard specifies the standard illuminant, standard light source and standard lighting observation conditions in colorimetry. This standard is applicable to color measurement, calculation and evaluation in colorimetry and color standardization. GB/T 3978-1994 Standard illuminant and lighting observation conditions GB/T3978-1994 standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Standard illuminants and
iluminnting-viewing conditions
Standard illuminants and
iluminnting-viewing conditions 1 Subject content and applicable scope
This standard specifies standard illuminants, standard light sources and standard lighting observation conditions in colorimetry. This standard is used for color measurement, calculation and evaluation in colorimetry and color standardization. 2 Terminology
GB/T 3978-94
Replaces GB397883
2.1 Illuminant: radiant with a defined relative spectral power distribution over the entire wavelength range that affects the color vision of an object 2.2 Colorimetric standard illuminants; illuminants A, C, D and other illuminants D defined by CIE with relative spectral power distribution. Illuminants defined by relative spectral power distribution may not necessarily be accurately provided and realized by the physical emitter of light - the light source. 2.3 Colorimetric standard illuminant: artificial light source specified by CIE, whose radiation approximates the colorimetric standard illuminant. 3 Standard illuminants in colorimetry
In general colorimetry, the following six standard illuminants are specified for use, and their relative spectral power distributions are shown in Table 1. Their tristimulus values ​​and color coordinates are shown in Table 2.
3.1 Illuminant A: It should be the light emitted by the whole illuminant at an absolute temperature of 2856K (according to the 1990 International Practical Standard). The relative spectral power distribution of illuminant A is calculated according to Planck's radiation law. 3.2 Illuminant C: It represents the average illuminant with a correlated color temperature of 6774K. 3.3 Illuminants DsG, Dss D4s, Drs; should be the light with correlated color temperatures of 5003K, 5503K, 6504K, and 7504K, respectively.
4 Standard light sources in colorimetry
It is stipulated that the following artificial standard light sources should be used in the laboratory. 4.1 Light source A: Light source A should be realized by a gas-filled spiral tungsten filament lamp with a correlated color temperature of 2856K. If it is necessary to realize the ultraviolet radiation harmonic power distribution of the illuminant A more accurately, a lamp with a fused quartz glass shell or window should be used. 4.2 Light source C: Light source C should be realized by combining light source A with a filter. The filter should be composed of a pair of solution pools of colorless optical glass, in which two solutions of C and C: with a thickness of 1 mm are placed respectively. Solution C was prepared according to the following formula:
CuSO4·5H2O)
Glycerol {C,H0H),
Pyridine (C,H,N)
Add distilled water to make
Solution Cg:
Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on April 18, 1994 3.412 g
1 000. 0 mL
Implemented on December 1, 1994
GB/T 3978—94
Ammonium cobaltate [CoSO4·(NH4),SO4·6H2O) Copper sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O)
Sulfuric acid (density 1.835 %~mL-1)
distilled water
4.3 Light source D; Currently, no artificial light source is specified to achieve Dso, Dss, DasD. 30.58g
1 000. 0 ml.
Whenever the spectral power distribution of the standard light source is required to have a higher accuracy, the spectral radiometry of the actual light source used should be calibrated. 5 Illumination and observation of reflective samples
5.1 Four standard illumination and observation conditions
When observing opaque samples, one of the following four standard illumination and observation conditions should be used. 5.1.145/Vertical (symbolized as 45/0)
The sample is illuminated by one or more beams of light, the axis of the illumination beam making an angle of 45°±2” with the normal to the sample surface. The angle between the observation direction and the normal to the sample surface shall not exceed 10°. The angle between any ray of the illumination beam and its axis shall not exceed 8°. The same restrictions apply to the observation beam.
The measurement gives the radiance factor β45105.1.2Vertical/45 (symbolized as 0/45)
The sample is illuminated by a beam of light, the effective axis of which makes an angle of not more than 10° with the normal to the sample surface. The sample is observed at an angle of 45\±2° to the normal. The angle between any ray of the illumination beam and its axis shall not exceed 8. The same restrictions apply to the observation beam. The measurement gives the radiance factor 30/46.
5.1.3 Direct/Diffuse (symbol d/0)
The sample is diffusely illuminated by an integrating sphere. The angle between the normal to the sample surface and the axis of the observation beam shall not exceed 10°. The diameter of the integrating sphere may be arbitrary provided that the total area of ​​the open part of the sphere does not exceed 1% of the area of ​​the whole sphere reflected from the sphere. The angle between the observation axis and any ray of observation shall not exceed 5".
The measurement gives the radiance factor Pa/0a5.1.4 Direct/Diffuse (symbol 0/d)
The sample is illuminated by a beam of light. The angle between the axis of the beam and the normal to the sample surface shall not exceed 10°. The reflection is measured by an integrating sphere. The angle between any ray of the illumination beam and its axis shall not exceed 5°. When the total area of ​​the opening of the integrating sphere does not exceed 10% of the area of ​​the entire sphere reflected in the sphere, its diameter can be arbitrary. The measurement gives a reflectance of 1.
5.2 Gloss absorber
Under the conditions of "spray/vertical" and "vertical/spray", the influence of the specular reflection component of samples with mixed reflection can be dealt with by a gloss absorber. If a gloss absorber is used, its size, shape and position should be specified. 5.3 Measurement including specular reflection component
When it is necessary to include the specular reflection component in the measurement, under the conditions of "vertical/diffuse", the measurement should not be carried out under strict vertical illumination. Conversely, under the conditions of "diffuse/vertical", the sample should not be measured under strict vertical observation. Both are measured without a gloss absorber.
Measure the illumination and observation conditions of the sample with specular reflection. For measurements without specular reflection component, d/0 or 0/d are used (when a light absorber is used); for measurements including specular reflection component, L/0 or 0/ are used (when a gloss absorber is not used). 6. Illumination and observation conditions for transmissive samples
When colorimetric calibration is performed on transmissive samples, any of the following four illumination and observation conditions shall be used. 6.1 Vertical/Vertical (symbolized by 0/0)
GB/T 3978-94
The sample is illuminated by a beam of light, the angle between the effective axis of the beam and the normal to the sample surface does not exceed 5°, and the angle between any ray of the illumination beam and its axis does not exceed 5°. The same restrictions apply to the observation beam. The sample should be placed so that the detector of the instrument can only receive the regular transmission flux.
The measurement gives the regular transmission ratio t,.
6.2 Vertical/Diffuse (symbolized by 0/d)
6.2.1 The sample is illuminated by a beam of light, the angle between the effective axis of the beam and the normal to the sample surface does not exceed 5°, and the angle between any ray of the illumination beam and its axis does not exceed 5°. The transmission flux of the hemisphere (2-dimensional space) is measured using an integrating sphere. The measurement gives the total transmittance
6-2.2 The measurement conditions are the same as those in 6.2.1, but the light method is used. The regular transmitted flux is excluded from the total transmitted flux, and the detector only receives the diffuse transmitted flux. bZxz.net
The measurement gives the diffuse transmittance.
If a light is used, its size, shape, position and reflectance should be specified. 6.3 Diffuse/Vertical (symbol d/0)
The sample is diffusely illuminated by an integrating sphere. The angle between the axis of the beam passing through the sample and the normal to the sample surface does not exceed 5%, and the angle between any ray of the transmitted beam and its axis does not exceed 5". The detector is perpendicular to the sample to detect the diffuse flux. The measurement gives the transmittance
6.4 Diffuse/Diffuse (symbol d/d)
The sample is diffusely illuminated by one integrating sphere, and the transmitted flux is collected by a second integrating sphere. The measurement gives the double diffuse transmittance.
|7 Technical specifications when using an integrating sphere
7.1 The total area of ​​the integrating sphere openings should not exceed 10% of the reflective sphere area in the sphere. 7.2 Screen: When using an integrating sphere, a screen with the same coating as the inner wall of the sphere should be installed in the sphere to block the light from the light source directly reaching the sample, or the light from the sample directly reaching the detector. When making measurements including specular reflection components under "vertical/diffuse" conditions, measurements should not be made under strict vertical illumination. The integrating sphere efficiency for the sphere wall position corresponding to the specular reflection component should be close to the average efficiency. 7.3 Non-linear correction: When using an integrating sphere for single-beam measurement, the absorption of the sample will cause the efficiency of the integrating sphere to decrease, so necessary corrections should be made. When the sphere has ideal integrating sphere characteristics and the effective reflectance of other holes in the sphere wall is zero, the reflectance correction formula is as follows: 1- pw(u) ·(1 - Ef.)
p() =() 1- pe() (1-F) - f,te() -(a) In the formula: P(>)——spectral reflectance of the sample to be measured; (A)——reflectance value of the sample measured on the instrument; w(a)—spectral reflectance of the integrating sphere wall under 0/d conditions, f—percentage of the total area of ​​the first hole; I-: effective area of ​​the sample hole;
p(a)—spectral reflectance of the reflection target.
GR/T 3978- 94
Relative spectral power distribution of standard illuminants AC, Dsc, D, Ds, Ds, 300~830nm, at 5nm intervals
69- 75
112-80
GB/T 3978-94
Continued Table 1
124-00
123-10
123-80
106-98
102-30
103-16
175-38
185,43
195-12
GB/T 3978--94
Continued Table 1
GB/T 3978-94
Continued Table］
72+ 94
Tristimulus values ​​XY, Z and chromaticity coordinates, and, of standard illuminants A, C, Ds, Ds, D, calculated according to the 1931 and 1964 standard chromaticity observers
56- 61
2. 1 Y calculated from the CIE 1931 standard chromaticity observer and the illuminant specified in Table 1 (380~780 nm, at 5 nm intervals)
.347 4
2.2 Calculated by CIF1964 supplementary standard chromaticity observer and the illuminant specified in Table 1 (380～780nm at 5nm intervals): A
Additional notes:
GB/T3978—94
107-32
This standard is proposed and managed by the China National Institute of Metrology. This standard is drafted by the China National Institute of Metrology. The main drafters of this standard are Teng Xiujin, Hu Weisheng and Zeng Xiaodong. This standard was first issued in December 1983
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