Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Measurement method of environmental noise
Acousllcs: Measurement method of enviruomental noiseGB/T 3222—94
Generated as GH322282
This standard adopts the international standards 1S01996/1Acoustics: Description and measurement of environmental noise Part 1: Basic quantities and measurement methods + 1SO1996/2Acoustics: Description and measurement of environmental noise Part 2: Data collection related to land use". 1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the measurement and evaluation method of environmental noise. This standard applies to the measurement of environmental noise and road traffic noise in urban areas (including counties and towns). 2 Reference standards
GB 3947 Acoustics Terminology
GB3785 Electrical and acoustic properties and test methods of sound level metersSJ/Z9151 Integrating average sound level meter
JJG176 Verification procedures for sound calibrators
JJG669 Verification procedures for integrated sound level F
JJG778 Verification procedures for noise statistical analyzers3 Terminology
3. 1A [weighted] sound level
The sound level measured by the A-weighted network, expressed in L, in dB. Note, it is usually simply expressed as 1.
3.2 Cumulative percentage sound level
Within the specified measurement time T, the sound level exceeds a certain L value for N% of the time. This value is called the cumulative percentage sound level, expressed in Ln.r, in dB. For example, 15 means that the A sound level is exceeded for 95% of the time within 1 hour. The cumulative percentage sound level is used to express the sound distribution characteristics of irregular noise that fluctuates over time. Note: It is usually simply represented by L, such as L5. 3.3 Equivalent [continuous] A sound level
Equivalent [continuous] A sound level is the energy average of the A sound level within a certain specified time, represented by Lh., unit dB. According to this definition, this quantity is:
LA.2 — 10lg
Where; LA—instantaneous A sound level at a certain time t, dB#specified measurement time, S.
105.arodt
When the specified time T is to be measured in time periods, such as T=T,+T,+…+T. , then the equivalent A sound level in time T, calculated by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on December 27, 1994 and implemented on August 1, 1995, is: GB/T 3222-94, 1[,10, ... Considering that noise is noisier at night than at night, when calculating the day and night equivalent sound level, it is necessary to add 10 to the night equivalent sound level before calculating. For example, if the daytime is 16 hours and the night is 8 hours, the night equivalent sound level is In = 101g[16 X 1014 + 8 × 10.11.24
Note: The time of night and night can be determined according to different regional customs. 4 Measurement conditions
4.1 Measuring instruments
4.1.1 The measuring instruments shall be integrating sound level meters or noise statistical analyzers with an accuracy of type 2 (including type 2) or above (with the function of dynamic monitoring of environmental noise, and their performance shall meet the requirements of GH3785-83. 4.1.2 Measuring instruments and sound calibrators shall be calibrated regularly in accordance with the provisions of JJG699, JJG176 and JJG778. The deviation of the indication of the measuring instruments calibrated by the sound calibrator before and after the measurement shall not exceed 2dB, otherwise the measurement shall be invalid. 4.2 Meteorological conditions
The measurement shall be carried out under good and unfavorable weather conditions. It is required to measure under special circumstances such as rain or snow, and an explanation shall be given in the report.) When the wind speed reaches 5m/s or above, stop the measurement. 5 Measurement method
5.1 Measurement position
Note: It mainly refers to the position of the measuring microphone. 5.1.1 Outdoor measurement
When the reflection effect of the surroundings is required to be minimized, the measurement should be made at least 3.5 m away from any reflective object (except the ground) as far as possible: the height from the ground should be more than 1.2 m, and when necessary and possible, it should be placed on a high-rise building to expand the measurable area. However, the position and height of each measurement remain unchanged. When using a monitoring vehicle for measurement, the microphone is preferably fixed on the roof. 5.1.2 Outdoor measurement near buildings
These measurement points should be made outside the building exposed to the noise environment to be tested. If there are no other regulations, the measurement position is preferably 1 to 2 m away from the outer wall, or 0.5 m in front of a fully open window (including high floors). 5.1.3 Measurement inside the building
These measurements should be made inside the building in the environment affected by the noise to be tested. The measurement position is preferably at least 1 m away from the wall or other reflective surface, 1.2 to 1.5 m from the ground, and 1.5 m from the window. 5.2 Measurement time
5.2.1 Division of time periods
GB/T 3222—94
The measurement time is divided into two parts: daytime and nighttime. The nighttime can also be divided into one part: daytime, morning and evening. The specific time can be determined according to the local custom according to different regions and seasons
·Generally, a short-time sampling method is used for measurement. The daytime is selected within the working time range (such as 08:00-12:00 and 14:00-18:00); the nighttime is selected within the sleeping time range (such as 23:00-05:00). 5.2. 2 Selection of measurement day
The measurement is generally selected on normal working days from Monday to Saturday. If there are significant differences in environmental noise on Sundays and in different seasons, corresponding measurements can be required if necessary, or long-term continuous measurements can be performed. 6 Measurement data and evaluation values
The measurement data of each time period can be given by the instrument specified in 4.1.1 of this standard, which is the equivalent sound level Lm and the cumulative percentage sound level Ls, L, Lss of a certain time period (referring to the night or night). The equivalent sound levels LI, Ln, In are evaluation values. The cumulative percentage sound level and are used as the distribution characteristics of the noise level measured. 7 Measurement method of urban area environmental noise
This method is suitable for investigating the environmental noise level of a certain area in the city (such as residential cultural and educational areas, mixed areas, etc.) or the entire city, as well as the characteristics of the spatial distribution of environmental noise. 7.1 Census (network measurement method)
7.1.1 Point selection
It is based on the statistics of the minimum sampling rate of random samples to divide a certain wind city (and the entire city) measured by the census into equidistant grids. For example, 250mX250m, the number of grids should generally be more than 100. The measurement point should be at the center of each grid (you can get it by making a grid on the map). If the location of the center point is not suitable for measurement (such as a pond, a restricted area), it can be moved to a nearby location that is convenient for measurement. The selection of the measurement location should generally meet the requirements of 5.1.1 outdoor measurement of this standard. If the distance between two adjacent points is too long or one point is close to the sound source, and the difference in equivalent sound level between the two points exceeds 5 dH, an additional measurement point can be added between the two measurement points if necessary. The measured values are calculated as the arithmetic average with the original measured values of the two points, indicating the modified measured values of the two points. 7.1.2 Measurement method
Measurements are carried out in the morning and at night respectively. Within the specified measurement time, the equivalent sound level of [0 min is measured at each measurement point each time. Record the main sources of noise (such as social life, traffic, construction, factory noise, etc.) from time to time. 7.1.3 Measurement data and evaluation values
The equivalent sound level values of 10 r/min during the day (or night) measured at all grid center measuring points are taken as the arithmetic mean, L or, and the value represents the evaluation value of the measured area (or city) during the day (or night). 11
In the table:—(or
T—Lo
The equivalent sound level of the room (or night call) measured at the center point of the grid; standard deviation:
——Total number of grids.
7.1.4 Spatial distribution map of noise pollution
GB/T 3222-94
The equivalent sound level measured at the center point of each grid is graded in 5dB grades (such as 51-55, 56-60, 61-65.*.), and each grade of equivalent sound level is represented by different colors or hatching lines, and drawn on the grid covering a certain area. It is also possible to use the measured value of the center of the grid, and use the interpolation method to make equal level lines between points and draw them in 5dB grades. The colors and hatching lines in the figure are shown in Appendix A of this standard. 7.2 Fixed-point measurement method
7.2.1 Selection of measurement points
Representative locations can often be selected for different regions to monitor the changes in regional environmental noise for a long time; sometimes, due to special monitoring needs, temporary monitoring points (such as outside building windows, factory boundaries) are set up, and these measurement points can be used as fixed-point measurements. 7.2.2 Measurement method
Continuous monitoring for 24 hours is carried out. Measure the I. every hour, the I. during the day, and the Lm at night. It can also be measured according to the method of 5.2.1 of this standard.
7.2.3 Evaluation value and time distribution of noise pollution The evaluation value is expressed in summer equivalent A sound level 1, dB, and night equivalent A sound level Ln, dB. If necessary, it can also be expressed in day and night equivalent A sound level Lam, dB. According to the L value per hour, draw the 24-hour noise pollution distribution curve of the fixed-point measurement to indicate the 24-hour noise change of this fixed point.
8 Measurement method of urban road traffic noise
8.1 Selection of measuring points
8.1.1 The measuring point should be selected between two roads, on the sidewalk of the road, 20° away from the roadway. This point should be more than 50° away from the intersection, so that the noise of the measuring point can represent the road traffic noise of the intersection. 8.1.2 In order to investigate the distribution of road traffic noise in the areas on both sides of the road, measuring points are set up vertically along the road according to the direction of noise propagation from near to far, until the noise level drops to the allowable standard value of the functional area (such as the mixed area) adjacent to the road. 8.2 Measurement method
The measurement time can be in accordance with the provisions of 5.2 of this standard. Generally, within the specified measurement time period, each measuring point takes samples for 20 minutes each time to measure the equivalent A sound level, as well as the cumulative percentage sound level L, Lso, Lgs, and records the vehicle flow (vehicles/hour). 8.3 Measurement data and evaluation value
8.3.1 The equivalent A-sound level Lg*dB and the cumulative percentage sound level L,+tB. measured at the measuring point in accordance with Section 8.1.1 of this standard represent the evaluation value of the road traffic noise of the road section.
8.3.2 The road traffic noise level L, L· of each section is weighted by the arithmetic average of the road section length to calculate the average value of the road traffic noise of the whole city as the evaluation value. The calculation formula is as follows:
Formula:
Average value of road traffic noise in the whole city
——Total length of roads in the whole city, 1-
t; Length of the i-th section of road, km:
L,|——Equivalent A-sound level f or cumulative percentage sound level Ls.dB measured on the i-th section of road ,8.4 Spatial distribution map of road traffic noise pollution (6
Draw the road traffic noise level lines in the areas on both sides of the road according to the measurement results of each measuring point and divide them into 5cB grades. And draw the spatial distribution map of road traffic noise pollution beams according to 7.1.4 of this standard. 8.5 Fixed-point measurement method
GB/T3222-94
Draw the 24H noise time distribution curve according to the relevant regulations of 7.2 of this standard: At the same time, draw the traffic flow (vehicles/hour ) curves that change with time.
9 Long-term monitoring of urban environmental noise
9.1 Point selection
In each functional area in the city (residential and educational area, mixed area, commercial area, industrial area, and areas on both sides of road traffic arteries), select more than two representative long-term measurement points (these measurement points can be selected by optimizing the point distribution method) as monitoring points for long-term measurement in each area. 9.2 Measurement method
Each measurement point shall be measured continuously for 24 hours according to the measurement selected in Article 5.2.2 of this standard. 9.3 Long-term evaluation value
Based on the selected long-term representative measurement day (including working days and holidays), the long-term equivalent A sound level for a certain month: the long-term equivalent A sound level for a certain quarter; the long-term equivalent A sound level for a year can be calculated according to formula (2) of this standard. If the instrument is possible, it is best to conduct long-term observations.
Note: Long-term equivalent A sound level can also be called long-term average sound level, GB/T 3222—94
Appendix A
Method for drawing urban noise pollution map
(Supplement)
The distribution of urban noise pollution can be drawn on the city map using noise bands represented by different colors or shaded lines. Each noise band represents a noise level. Each level is 5dB. The color and shaded lines of the level are represented in the following manner: Noise band
Below 35 dB
36~-40
41-45B
51--- 55
56~60 dB
61~65dB
7175 dB
76~-80 dB
81-~ 85 dIB
Additional instructions:
Light green
Dark green
Vermilion
Magenta
Purple red
Dark blue
This standard is proposed by the National Technical Committee for Acoustic Standardization. This standard is mainly drafted by the Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This standard is mainly drafted by Ke Bingguang, etc.
Shaded lines
Small dots, low density
Medium dots, medium density
Large dots and large density
Vertical lines, low density
Vertical lines, medium density
Vertical lines, high density
Cross lines, cross lines
Cross lines. High density
Wide vertical lines3 Long-term evaluation value
Based on the selected long-term representative measurement days (including working days and holidays), the long-term equivalent A sound level for a certain month, the long-term equivalent A sound level for a certain quarter, and the long-term equivalent A sound level for a year can be calculated according to formula (2) of this standard. If the instrument is possible, it is best to conduct long-term observations.
Note: Long-term equivalent A sound level can also be called long-term average sound level, GB/T 3222-94
Appendix Awww.bzxz.net
Method for drawing urban noise pollution map
(Supplement)
The distribution of urban noise pollution can be drawn on the city map with noise bands represented by different colors or shaded lines. Each noise band represents a noise level. Each is 5dB. The color and shaded lines of the level are indicated in the following way: Noise band
Below 35 dB
36~-40
41-45B
51--- 55
56~60 dB
61~65dB
7175 dB
76~-80 dB
81-~ 85 dIB
Additional instructions:
Light green
Dark green
Vermilion
Magenta
Purple red
Dark blue
This standard is proposed by the National Technical Committee for Acoustic Standardization. This standard is mainly drafted by the Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This standard is mainly drafted by Ke Bingguang, etc.
Shaded lines
Small dots, low density
Medium dots, medium density
Large dots and large density
Vertical lines, low density
Vertical lines, medium density
Vertical lines, high density
Cross lines, cross lines
Cross lines. High density
Wide vertical lines3 Long-term evaluation value
Based on the selected long-term representative measurement days (including working days and holidays), the long-term equivalent A sound level for a certain month, the long-term equivalent A sound level for a certain quarter, and the long-term equivalent A sound level for a year can be calculated according to formula (2) of this standard. If the instrument is possible, it is best to conduct long-term observations.
Note: Long-term equivalent A sound level can also be called long-term average sound level, GB/T 3222-94
Appendix A
Method for drawing urban noise pollution map
(Supplement)
The distribution of urban noise pollution can be drawn on the city map with noise bands represented by different colors or shaded lines. Each noise band represents a noise level. Each is 5dB. The color and shaded lines of the level are indicated in the following way: Noise band
Below 35 dB
36~-40
41-45B
51--- 55
56~60 dB
61~65dB
7175 dB
76~-80 dB
81-~ 85 dIB
Additional instructions:
Light green
Dark green
Vermilion
Magenta
Purple red
Dark blue
This standard is proposed by the National Technical Committee for Acoustic Standardization. This standard is mainly drafted by the Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This standard is mainly drafted by Ke Bingguang, etc.
Shaded lines
Small dots, low density
Medium dots, medium density
Large dots and large density
Vertical lines, low density
Vertical lines, medium density
Vertical lines, high density
Cross lines, cross lines
Cross lines. High density
Wide vertical lines
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