JB/T 7386.1-1994 Terminology of Industrial Automation Instruments Temperature Instruments
Some standard content:
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
JB/T7386.1-1994
Terms of Industrial Automation Instruments
Temperature Instruments
Issued on August 23, 1994
Ministry of Machinery Industry of the People's Republic of China
Implementation on May 1, 1995
Subject Content and Scope of Application
General Terms
Performance Terms
Test Methods
Names of Temperature Instruments and Their Components
Appendix A
Appendix B
English Index (Reference)
Main References (Reference)
Subject Content and Scope of Application
Mechanical Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Terms of Industrial Automation Instruments
Temperature Instruments
This standard specifies the terms and definitions related to temperature instruments in industrial automation instruments. JB/T7386.1-1994
This standard is applicable to the formulation of temperature instrument standards, the preparation of technical documents, the compilation of teaching materials and books and periodicals, and the translation of literature. Note: The words in square brackets [] in this standard are optional: the words in brackets () are interchangeable, except for explanation. 2 Terminology
2.1 General terms
2.1.1 Thermometer
The discipline that studies the theory and method of temperature measurement. 2.1.2 Measured object
The entity of the object to be measured.
2.1.3 [Measured] target [measured] target The local area on the measured object where the measurement is carried out. 2.1.4 [Thermal] radiator [thermal] radiator An object with a temperature higher than the thermodynamic temperature zero Kelvin (0K). 2.1.5 Temperature difference temperaturedifference The temperature difference between two separate points with different temperatures at the same time. 2.1.6 Temperature gradient temperature gradient The spatial rate of change of temperature in a specific area and at a given time. 2.1.7 Temperature field tempcrature field
The temperature distribution of all points in space at a certain moment. 2.1.8 Self-heating
The self-heating phenomenon caused by the excitation power of the element. 2.1.9 Quantity of heat
The energy that migrates due to temperature difference.
2.1.10 Latent heat
Latent heat
The heat absorbed or released by a substance during the process of changing from one phase to another phase at the same temperature. 2.1.11 Vaporization heat vaporizing heat
The heat absorbed by a liquid when it changes from a liquid to a gas at the same temperature during vaporization. It is also equal to the heat released when a gas is converted into a liquid at the same temperature under a certain pressure.
Approved by the Ministry of Machinery Industry on August 23, 1994
Implemented on May 1, 1995
2.1.12 Melting heat melting heat
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The heat absorbed when a crystalline substance remelts and changes from a solid state to a liquid state at the same temperature. 2.1.13 Freezing heat freezing heat
The heat released when a crystalline substance solidifies and changes from a liquid state to a solid state at the same temperature. 2.1.14 Sublimating heat sublimating heat
The heat absorbed when a sublimate changes from a solid state to a gaseous state at the same temperature when it vaporizes. 2.1.15 [Heat] conduction [heat] conduction The phenomenon that heat is transferred from a high-temperature part to a low-temperature part without relative displacement of the various parts of an object, relying only on the thermal motion of microscopic particles such as molecules, atoms and free electrons of the substance. bzxz.net
2.1.16 [Heat] convection [heat] convection The phenomenon of transferring heat through fluid movement due to temperature and density differences. 2.1.17 [Heat] radiation [heat] radiation The phenomenon of an object transmitting or emitting energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. 2.1.18 Thermal equilibrium thermal equilibrium The state of having the same temperature within the same object or between several objects that can exchange heat with each other without heat migration or phase change of matter.
2.1.19 Thermal efficiency heat efficiency
The ratio of effective heat to input heat in a heat exchange system. 2.1.20 phase phase
The part of the system with uniform physical properties, a specific form of aggregation of material molecules. 2.1.21 Phase transition phase transition
The process of a substance changing from one phase to another at a specific temperature and pressure. 2.1.22 Strain
strain
The phenomenon that the shape and size of an object change relative to each other due to force, temperature change or internal defects. 2.1.23 Turbulence
When the fluid flow rate is high, the inertia force plays a dominant role and the fluid is in a relatively turbulent flow state. 2.1.24 Laminar flow
When the fluid flow rate is low, the internal friction force plays a dominant role. The fluid flows in parallel layers. 2.1.25 Electromotive force (emf) can produce the potential difference of electric current.
2.1.26 Contact potential contact electromotive force The potential generated by the contact between different materials. Temperature difference electromotive force2.1.27 Temperature difference potential
The potential generated by the different temperatures at both ends of a uniform conductive material. 2.1.28 Seebeck effect Seebeck effect In a closed circuit composed of two different conductive materials, when the two junctions have different temperatures, an electric potential is generated in the circuit, a phenomenon in which thermal energy is converted into electrical energy.
thermoelectric effect
Synonym: thermoelectric effect
thermoelectricity of temperature difference 2.1.29 Seebeck [thermal] electromotive force The electric potential generated by the Seebeck effect. Note: When one end of a pair of different conductive materials is at 0°C and the other end is at the measured temperature, the relationship between the Seebeck potential and the temperature is the thermocouple graduation table of this type of material.
2.1.30 Seebeck coefficient Seebeck coefficient 2
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The rate of change of the Seebeck potential caused by a small temperature difference. When the relationship between Seebeck potential and temperature is represented by a curve, the Seebeck coefficient at any given temperature is the slope of the curve corresponding to that temperature point.
2.1.31 Thomson effect Thomson effect When current flows through a uniform non-isothermal conductive material, each part of it produces heat absorption or heat release. 2.1.32 Thomson heat Thomson heat
The heat exchange between the conductive material and the environment caused by the Thomson effect. 2.1.33 Thomson coefficient Thomson coefficient The Thomson heat generated when a uniform non-isothermal conductive material flows through a unit current per unit temperature gradient per unit time. 2.1.34 Peltier effect Peltier effect When current flows through the junction of two different conductive materials, the heat absorption or heat release phenomenon occurs. 2.1.35 Peltier heat Peltier heat
The heat exchange between the conductive material and the environment caused by the Peltier effect. 2.1.36 Peltier coefficient Peltier coefficient Due to the Peltier effect, the reversible heat absorbed or released when a unit current flows through the junction of different conductive materials per unit time. 2.1.37 Trasmission energy
Tradiation energy
Energy emitted, transmitted or received in the form of radiation. 2.1.38 Radiation flux radiation flux
Power emitted, transmitted or received in the form of radiation. Synonym: radiation power radiation power 2.1.39 Radiation exitance radiation exitance The radiation flux leaving a given surface element divided by the area of the surface element. 2.1.40 irradiance The radiant flux projected by a radiation source onto a point on a given surface divided by the area of the surface. 2.1.41 radiant intensity The radiant flux leaving a point radiation source (or a projection source surface) within a solid angle element in a given direction divided by the solid angle element. 2.1.42 radiance The ratio of the radiant energy emitted by a surface element in a given direction per unit time and per unit solid angle to the orthographic projection area of the surface element in that direction. 2.1.43 spectral radiance The radiant intensity per unit wavelength.
2.1.44 spectral radiance exitance The radiant emission per unit wavelength.
2.1.45 effective radiation exitance In addition to the radiator's own emission, it also includes the radiant emission projected onto its surface and then reflected. 2.1.46 Monochromatic radiation mbnocolourradiation Radiation with a wavelength range narrow enough to be described by a single wavelength. 2.1.47 Composite radiation complexradiation Radiation composed of several monochromatic radiations.
2.1.48 Infrared radiation infraredradiation Radiation with a wavelength longer than red light. The wavelength range is about 0.78~1000μm, of which 0.78~3.0μm is the near infrared region; 3.0~30.0um is the mid-infrared region; and 30.0~1000μm is the far infrared region. 2.1.49 Temperature radiation
temperatureradiation
Radiation caused by temperature and only related to the type and surface condition of the substance. 2.1.50 Spectral characteristic curve3
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A curve that shows the relationship between some variables (such as emissivity, absorptivity, transmittance, response rate, etc.) and wavelength. 2.1.51 Spectral energy distribution spectral distribution of energy A curve that describes the functional relationship between the spectral radiance of an object and the wavelength and temperature. Synonym: spectral radiation distribution
2.1.52 Peak wavelength peak wavelength In the spectral characteristic curve or spectral energy distribution, the wavelength corresponding to the maximum value of the variable or spectral radiance related to wavelength. 2.1.53 Peak transmittance Transmittance at the peak wavelength.
2.1.54 Spectral half width spectral half width In the spectral characteristic curve or spectral energy distribution, the difference between the two wavelengths corresponding to the half-peak value of the variable or spectral radiance related to wavelength.
2.1.55 narrowband
narrowbandspectrum
The ratio of the half width of the spectrum to the peak wavelength Aλ/λ. <15% of the wavelength interval. 2.1.56 broadbandspectrum The ratio of the half width of the spectrum to the peak wavelength △λ/λ. >20% of the wavelength interval. 2.1.57 emissivity
The ratio of the radiance of a radiator to the radiance of a blackbody at the same temperature. 2.1.58 total emissivity The ratio of the integrated radiance of a radiator over the entire wavelength range to the integrated radiance of a body at the same temperature over the entire wavelength range. 2.1.59 spectral emissivity The ratio of the radiance of a radiator to the spectral radiance of a blackbody at the same temperature. 2.1.60 effective emissivity The ratio of the effective radiance of a radiator to the radiance of a blackbody at the same temperature. 2.1.61 Cavity emissivity cavityemissivity The emissivity of a black body cavity of uniform temperature in a specific direction toward its opening. 2.1.62 Cavity reflectivity cavityreflectivity The ratio of the radiant flux emitted from the opening after reflection from the inner wall of the black body cavity to the incident radiant flux entering the opening from a specific direction. 2.1.63 Absorption coefficient absorptionfactor The ratio of the absorbed to the incident radiant flux. 2.1.64 Selective absorption selectiveabsorption The absorption of only certain wavelengths of radiant flux while allowing the remaining wavelengths to pass or reflect. 2.1.65 Neutral absorption neutralabsorption The absorption of radiant flux of any wavelength without selectivity. 2.1.66 Gray body graybody
A radiator whose surface emissivity is always less than 1 and does not vary with wavelength. 2.1.67 Black body blackbody
An ideal radiator that completely absorbs incident radiation regardless of its wavelength, incident direction and polarization state. 2.1.68 Cosine radiator A radiator whose radiation intensity is proportional to the cosine of the angle between the radiation direction and its surface normal. 2.1.69 Selective radiator A radiator whose spectral harmonic emissivity is related to the wavelength within the wavelength range under consideration. 2.1.70 Non-selective radiator A radiator whose spectral harmonic emissivity is independent of the wavelength within the wavelength range under consideration. 2.1.71 Point radiation source
spotradiationsource
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A radiation source whose size is small enough to be negligible compared to its distance to the receiving device. 2.1.72 Thermograph
An image of temperature distribution in multidimensional space.
Synonym: temperature diagram
2.1.73 Apparent temperature
apparenttemperature
Temperature indication of an insertion temperature meter when measuring a non-blackbody. 2.1.74 Radiation temperatureradiationtemperatureThe temperature of a blackbody that corresponds to the full wavelength range and has a radiation brightness equal to that of the target being measured. 2.1.75 Brightness temperatureradiancetemperatureThe temperature of a blackbody that corresponds to a specific wavelength or band and has a spectral radiation brightness equal to that of the solar standard being measured. 2.1.76 Two-colourtemperatureThe temperature of a blackbody that corresponds to two specific wavelengths or bands and has a ratio of insertion brightness equal to that of the target being measured. 2.1.77 Distribution temperaturedistributiontemperatureThe temperature of a blackbody when the radiator has a spectral energy distribution curve that is proportional to, or approximately proportional to, that of a blackbody. 2.2 Temperature scale
2.2.1 Temperature
temperature
Temperature is one of the seven basic physical quantities. It is a physical quantity that describes the energy distribution between different degrees of freedom of a system. Macroscopically, temperature is a quantity that can indicate the state of thermal equilibrium. All systems in thermal equilibrium have the same temperature. Microscopically, temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of a large number of molecules. It indicates the degree of irregular motion of molecules inside an object. 2.2.2 Thermodynamic temperature thermodynamictemperature The temperature determined by the principles of thermodynamics is symbolized by T. 2.2.3 Celsius temperature The temperature expressed as the difference from the freezing point (273.15K) of the thermodynamic temperature, symbol t, defined as: t/=T/K-273.15
2.2.4 Kelvin Kelvin
The unit of thermodynamic temperature, symbol K, defined as 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. 2.2.5 Celsius
The unit of Celsius temperature, symbol is, its magnitude is equal to Kelvin. 2.2.6 Fahrenheit
The unit of Fahrenheit temperature, symbol \F, conversion formula with Celsius is: t/F=
2.2.7 Temperature scale The numerical representation of temperature.
2.2.8 Thermodynamic temperature scale thermodynamic temperature scale The temperature scale based on the second law of thermodynamics. 2.2.9 Empirical temperature scale is a temperature scale constructed by experimental methods or empirical formulas based on the relationship between the change of a physical parameter of a substance and the change of temperature.10 Fahrenheit temperature scale One of the early temperature scales. It stipulates that when a mercury thermometer is under a pressure of 101325Pa, the freezing point of water is 32 and the boiling point is 212. The middle is divided into 180 grids, each grid is one degree Fahrenheit, and the temperature unit is represented by the symbol \F. 2.2.11 Celsius temperature scale One of the early temperature scales. It stipulates that when a mercury thermometer is under a pressure of 101325Pa, the freezing point of water is 0 and the boiling point is 100. The middle is divided into 100 grids, each grid is one degree Celsius, and the temperature unit is represented by the symbol. 2.2.12 Ideal gas temperature scale Ideal gas temperature scale A temperature scale established using the characteristics of the relationship between pressure or volume and temperature determined by the ideal gas state equation, referred to as the gas temperature scale. 2.2.13 International [Practical] Temperature Scale (I[P]TS) is a temperature scale adopted by international agreement that is easy to reproduce with high precision and is as close to thermodynamic temperature as possible within the scope of knowledge and technology at the time.
2.2.14 International Practical Temperature Scale-1968 (IPTS-68)
A temperature scale established in 1968 by the International Committee for Weights and Measures in accordance with the authorization of Resolution 8 of the 13th General Conference on Weights and Measures to replace the International Practical Temperature Scale of 1948 (revised in 1960). 1976 Provisional 0.5K to 30K Temperature Scale (EPT-76) 2.2.15 1976 Provisional 0.5 to 30K Temperature Scale
Due to the significant deviation of the nitrogen vapor pressure temperature scale and the 1968 International Practical Temperature Scale from thermodynamic temperature at the low temperature end and the inconsistency between them, a provisional temperature scale for use between 0.5K and 30K was announced by the International Committee for Weights and Measures in 1976. Note: EPT-76 is the abbreviation of the French title. 2.2.16 1990 International Temperature Scale International Temperature Scale-1990 (ITS-90) Since January 1990, the new temperature scale that replaced the 1968 International Practical Temperature Scale (revised in 1975) and the 1976 Provisional 0.5K to 30K Temperature Scale.
ITS-90 is from 0.65K upwards to the highest temperature that can be measured using monochromatic radiation according to Planck's radiation law. The value of T for any temperature over the full range is very close to the best estimate of the thermodynamic temperature at the time the scale was adopted and can be easily reproduced with high accuracy. 2.2.17 Techniques for approximating the ITS-90 Approximation techniques for the 1990 International Temperature Scale are simpler and more practical than the basic definition of the International Temperature Scale Reproduction Method, and are used to approximate the 1990 International Temperature Scale within a certain appropriate and determined level of accuracy.
2.2.18 Realization of international temperature scale The process of operating according to the procedures specified in the temperature scale text. 2.2.19 Standard [instrument] [measurement] standard Measuring instrument or measurement system used to define, realize, maintain or reproduce temperature units and known values. 2.2.20 International standard [instrument] international standard Standard adopted and confirmed by an international standardization body. 2.2.21 National standard [instrument] national standard Standard approved and issued by the national standardization authority and unified throughout the country. 2.2.22 Primary standard
A standard that is specified in a specific text or widely recognized, has the highest temperature metrological characteristics, and its value is directly adopted without reference to other temperature standards.
2.2.23 Secondary standard A measurement standard whose temperature value is determined by comparison with a benchmark, second only to the benchmark. 2.2.24 Reference standard [instrument]】reference standard usually has the highest temperature metrological characteristics available at a given location or given organization, and other temperature measurements are derived from it.
2.2.25 Working standard [instrument] Working standard A standard used for daily calibration or inspection of general thermometers. It is usually calibrated with a reference standard. 2.2.26 Value transfer The process of transferring the value reproduced by the benchmark (or standard) to the next-level thermometer step by step. 6
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2.2.27 Definition of fixed pointdefininglixedpointThe reproducible equilibrium temperature point between different phases of some substances specified by the International Temperature Scale. 2.2.28 SecondaryreferencepointThe phase transition temperature of some samples with certain properties, high purity and reproducibility. Their temperature values are officially announced by the International Temperature Consultative Committee. As the reference temperature of the International Temperature Scale. 2.2.29Freezingpointfreezingpoint
The equilibrium temperature of two-phase substances under a pressure of 101325Pa when changing from liquid to solid. 2.2.30Meltingpointmeltingpoint
The equilibrium temperature of two-phase substances under a pressure of 101325Pa when changing from solid to liquid. 2.2.31Triplepointtriplepoint
The equilibrium temperature when the solid, liquid and gaseous states of a pure substance coexist in equilibrium. 2.2.32 Triple point of water The temperature when water, ice and steam coexist in equilibrium. The temperature value is 273.16K. The triple point of water is the most basic defined fixed point in thermometry. 2.2.33 Ice point
The temperature when liquid and solid coexist in equilibrium under a pressure of 101325Pa for air-saturated water. 2.2.34 Sealed triple point cell A sealed container filled with pure substances to reproduce the triple point. 2.2.35 Liquid thermostatic bath A device with liquid, molten salt or molten pure metal as the medium, with controllable temperature and a certain degree of stability. Common media include alcohol, water, oil, tin, salt, etc., which respectively constitute alcohol low temperature tank, water tank, oil tank, tin tank, salt tank, etc. 2.2.36 Fixed-point furnace furnace for reproduction of offixed points A device for the solidification or melting point of metals established to reproduce the fixed points defined by the international temperature scale. 2.2.37 Verification furnace furnace for verification use A constant temperature furnace used for verification by comparative method.
2.2.38 Blackbody chamber blackbody chamber A practical cavity with radiation characteristics similar to those of a blackbody. 2.2.39 Blackbody furnace blackbody furnace is composed of a blackbody cavity and its heating or cooling device. 2.2.40 Tungsten strip lamp Tungsten strip lamp A non-blackbody radiation source used for high temperature scale reproduction and value transfer. Its brightness temperature is a single-valued function of the current at a certain wavelength.
Synonym: temperature lamp temperature lamp 2.2.41 Standard platinum resistance thermometer standard platinum resistance thermometer (SPRT) A standard thermal resistor made of stress-free pure platinum wire used for temperature value transfer. 2.2.42 Photoelectric comparator Photoelectric device used for calibration of non-contact thermometer comparison method in high temperature scale reproduction and value transfer. 2.2.43 Non-uniqueness
Insert the standard thermometers with graduations at fixed points into the uniform temperature field, calculate the temperature of each thermometer between fixed points according to the prescribed formula, and the difference between the indicated values of each thermometer is the non-uniqueness of the temperature scale definition. 2.3 Performance terms
2.3.1 Accuracy
accuracy
The degree of consistency between the indicated value of the thermometer and the true value of the measured temperature skin variable [agreed]. 2.3.2 Accuracy class accuracyclass Thermometers are divided into grades according to their accuracy. 7
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uncertainty of measures
53 Uncertainty of measurement
An assessment of the [conventional] true value of the measured temperature variable within a certain range of values. Note: Measurement uncertainty generally consists of several components, some of which can be assessed on the basis of the statistical distribution of the measurement results and can be characterized by experimental standard deviations, while other components can only be assessed on the basis of experience or other information. 2.3.4 Error of indication The difference between the indication of a thermometer and the [conventional] true value of the measured temperature variable. 2.3.5 Intrinsic error
The error of the indication of a thermometer under reference working conditions. 2.3.6 Limit of intrinsic error The maximum permissible value of the intrinsic error of a thermometer. 2.3.7 Tolerance
The deviation of the relationship between the actual output value of a thermometer (sensing element) and the temperature from the permissible range of the scale. 2.3.8 Self-heating error self-heating error The error caused by the thermometer deviating from the calibration conditions due to self-heating under given current and temperature conditions. 2.3.9 Human error personal error
The reading error caused by the minimum physiological resolution of the human body, physiological changes in sensory organs, inherent slowness and reaction sensitivity during the measurement process.
2.3.10 [Bath] gradient error gradient error [of bath] The error caused by the temperature gradient in the working area of the bath. 2.3.11 Stability stability
The ability of the thermometer to maintain its performance within a specified time when the specified working conditions remain constant. 2.3.12 Reliability reliability
The ability of the thermometer to perform its specified functions under specified working conditions and within a specified time. 2.3.13 Reproducibility reproducibility
The degree of consistency between the output values of the thermometer when the same input value is measured multiple times from two opposite directions within a specified time (generally a longer time).
Synonym: reproducibility
2.3.14 Repeatability repeatability
The degree of mutual consistency between the output values of a thermometer when the same input value is repeatedly measured in the same direction for a short period of time under the same working conditions, that is, by the same observer, using the same measurement method, the same measuring device, and at the same location. 2.3.15 Interchangeability The degree of agreement between the actual output signal temperature characteristic curve of thermometers of the same type or different batches of the same specification and the specified output signal-temperature characteristic curve.
2.3.16 Sensitivity sensitivity
The ratio of the output increment to the input value of the thermometer when the indication reaches stability. 2.3.17 Sensitivity limit sensitivitylimit
The minimum change in the measured variable that causes a perceptible change in the thermometer indication. 2.3.18 Resolution power resolutionpower
The minimum temperature difference that can be recognized by the thermometer.
2.3.19 Transparency
The ability of a thermometer not to change the value being measured.
Note: A resistance thermometer that is heated by the surrounding medium is not transparent. 23.20 Range
An area defined by an upper limit and a lower limit. 8
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Note: "Range is usually modified by words such as measuring range, scale range, bearing range, and puncture range. 2.3.21 Measuring range
measuringrange
The temperature range that a thermometer can measure with a specified accuracy. 2.3.22 [Measuring range] upper limit value [measuringrange] higherlimit The highest value of the measured temperature that can be measured with a specified accuracy. 2.3.23 [Measuring range] lower limit value [measu 2.3.24 span
The algebraic difference between the upper limit and the lower limit.
2.3.25 scale range scalerange
The range of temperature degrees in which the thermometer is effective.
2.3.26 indication range indication range The range from the lowest value to the highest value displayed by the thermometer. 2.3.27 graduated range The range from the lowest value to the highest value of the thermometer. Applicable range. 2.3.28 Verification temperature point temperature point for verification The constant test temperature selected to verify whether the thermometer meets the tolerance (or basic error limit) requirements. 2.3.29 Temperature offset temperature offset The given difference between the predetermined reading of the thermometer and the test temperature of the temperature source. 2.3.30 Graduation point calibration point The specified value confirmed by the reference or standard, at which the indication or output of the thermometer is determined. 2.3.31 Graduation characteristics calibration characteristics The relationship between the indication of the thermometer and the measured temperature determined under specified conditions. 2.3.32 Graduation curve calibration curve The graduation characteristics of the thermometer expressed as a curve. 2.3.33 Graduation formula calibration equation The graduation characteristics of the thermometer expressed as a function. 2.3.34 Reference table
Graduation characteristics of the thermometer expressed in tabular form. 2.3.35 Measurement time
measurement time
The time required to measure the temperature of the target under test with the specified accuracy. 2.3.36 Warmup time warmuptime
The time required for the thermometer to start working normally. 2.3.37 Response time
responsetime
When the temperature of the target under test changes step by step, the time for the thermometer output to reach a certain specified percentage of the difference between the final steady-state value and the initial steady-state value for the first time from the initial value.
2.3.38 Time constant timeconstant
When the temperature of the target under test changes step by step, the time required for the thermometer output to rise to 63.2% of the final value. Note: The response element of a first-order linear system is a simple exponential function. 2.3.39 Thermal response time thermalresponsetime When the temperature changes step by step, the time required for the output change of the thermal resistor (thermocouple) to be equivalent to a certain specified percentage of the step change, usually expressed in.
2.3.40 Deadtime
The time from the moment the temperature of the measured object changes to the moment the thermometer indication begins to change. 93.12 Reliability reliability
The ability of a thermometer to perform its specified functions under specified working conditions and within a specified time. 2.3.13 Reproducibility
The degree of consistency between the output values of a thermometer when the same input value is measured multiple times from two opposite directions within a specified time (generally a longer time).
Synonym: reproducibility
2.3.14 Repeatability repeatability
The degree of consistency between the output values of a thermometer when the same input value is measured repeatedly in the same direction multiple times within a shorter period of time under the same working conditions, that is, by the same observer, using the same measurement method, the same measurement device, and at the same location. 2.3.15 Interchangeability interchangeability The degree of agreement between the actual output signal-temperature characteristic curve of thermometers of the same type or the same specification but different batches and the specified output signal-temperature characteristic curve.
2.3.16 Sensitivity
The ratio of the output increment to the input value of the thermometer when the indication reaches stability. 2.3.17 Sensitivitylimit
The minimum change in the measured variable that causes a perceptible change in the thermometer indication. 2.3.18 Resolutionpower
The minimum temperature difference that can be recognized by the thermometer.
2.3.19 Transparency
The ability of the thermometer to not change the measured value.
Note: Resistance thermometers heated by the surrounding medium are not transparent. 23.20 Range
A region bounded by an upper limit and a lower limit. 8
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Note: "Range is usually modified by words, such as measuring range, scale range, bearing range, puncture range, etc. 2.3.21 Measuring range
measuringrange
The temperature range that a thermometer can measure with a specified accuracy. 2.3.22 [Measuring range] upper limit [measuringrange] higherlimit The highest value of the measured temperature that can be measured with a specified accuracy. 2.3.23 [Measuring range] lower limit [measuringrange] 2.3.24 span
The algebraic difference between the upper limit and the lower limit.
2.3.25 scale range scalerange
The range of temperature degrees in which the thermometer is effective.
2.3.26 indication range indication range The range from the lowest value to the highest value displayed by the thermometer. 2.3.27 graduated range The range from the lowest value to the highest value of the thermometer. Applicable range. 2.3.28 Verification temperature point temperature point for verification The constant test temperature selected to verify whether the thermometer meets the tolerance (or basic error limit) requirements. 2.3.29 Temperature offset temperature offset The given difference between the predetermined reading of the thermometer and the test temperature of the temperature source. 2.3.30 Graduation point calibration point The specified value confirmed by the reference or standard, at which the indication or output of the thermometer is determined. 2.3.31 Graduation characteristics calibration characteristics The relationship between the indication of the thermometer and the measured temperature determined under specified conditions. 2.3.32 Graduation curve calibration curve The graduation characteristics of the thermometer expressed as a curve. 2.3.33 Graduation formula calibration equation The graduation characteristics of the thermometer expressed as a function. 2.3.34 Reference table
Graduation characteristics of the thermometer expressed in tabular form. 2.3.35 Measurement time
measurement time
The time required to measure the temperature of the target under test with the specified accuracy. 2.3.36 Warmup time warmuptime
The time required for the thermometer to start working normally. 2.3.37 Response time
responsetime
When the temperature of the target under test changes step by step, the time for the thermometer output to reach a certain specified percentage of the difference between the final steady-state value and the initial steady-state value for the first time from the initial value.
2.3.38 Time constant timeconstant
When the temperature of the target under test changes step by step, the time required for the thermometer output to rise to 63.2% of the final value. Note: The response element of a first-order linear system is a simple exponential function. 2.3.39 Thermal response time thermalresponsetime When the temperature changes step by step, the time required for the output change of the thermal resistor (thermocouple) to be equivalent to a certain specified percentage of the step change, usually expressed in.
2.3.40 Deadtime
The time from the moment the temperature of the measured object changes to the moment the thermometer indication begins to change. 93.12 Reliability reliability
The ability of a thermometer to perform specified functions under specified working conditions and within a specified time. 2.3.13 Reproducibility
The degree of consistency between the output values of a thermometer when the same input value is measured multiple times from two opposite directions within a specified time (generally a longer time).
Synonym: reproducibility
2.3.14 Repeatability repeatability
The degree of consistency between the output values of a thermometer when the same input value is measured repeatedly in the same direction multiple times within a shorter period of time under the same working conditions, that is, by the same observer, using the same measurement method, the same measurement device, and at the same location. 2.3.15 Interchangeability interchangeability The degree of agreement between the actual output signal-temperature characteristic curve of thermometers of the same type or the same specification but different batches and the specified output signal-temperature characteristic curve.
2.3.16 Sensitivity
The ratio of the output increment to the input value of the thermometer when the indication reaches stability. 2.3.17 Sensitivitylimit
The minimum change in the measured variable that causes a perceptible change in the thermometer indication. 2.3.18 Resolutionpower
The minimum temperature difference that can be recognized by the thermometer.
2.3.19 Transparency
The ability of the thermometer to not change the measured value.
Note: Resistance thermometers heated by the surrounding medium are not transparent. 23.20 Range
A region bounded by an upper limit and a lower limit. 8
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Note: "Range is usually modified by words, such as measuring range, scale range, bearing range, puncture range, etc. 2.3.21 Measuring range
measuringrange
The temperature range that a thermometer can measure with a specified accuracy. 2.3.22 [Measuring range] upper limit [measuringrange] higherlimit The highest value of the measured temperature that can be measured with a specified accuracy. 2.3.23 [Measuring range] lower limit [measuringrange] 2.3.24 span
The algebraic difference between the upper limit and the lower limit.
2.3.25 scale range
The range of temperature values in which the thermometer is effective.
2.3.26 indication range The range from the lowest value to the highest value displayed by the thermometer. 2.3.27 graduated range The range from the lowest value to the highest value of the thermometer. Applicable range. 2.3.28 Verification temperature point temperature point for verification The constant test temperature selected to verify whether the thermometer meets the tolerance (or basic error limit) requirements. 2.3.29 Temperature offset temperature offset The given difference between the predetermined reading of the thermometer and the test temperature of the temperature source. 2.3.30 Graduation point calibration point The specified value confirmed by the reference or standard, at which the indication or output of the thermometer is determined. 2.3.31 Graduation characteristics calibration characteristics The relationship between the indication of the thermometer and the measured temperature determined under specified conditions. 2.3.32 Graduation curve calibration curve The graduation characteristics of the thermometer expressed as a curve. 2.3.33 Graduation formula calibration equation The graduation characteristics of the thermometer expressed as a function. 2.3.34 Reference table
Graduation characteristics of the thermometer expressed in tabular form. 2.3.35 Measurement time
measurement time
The time required to measure the temperature of the target under test with the specified accuracy. 2.3.36 Warmup time warmuptime
The time required for the thermometer to start working normally. 2.3.37 Response time
responsetime
When the temperature of the target under test changes step by step, the time for the thermometer output to reach a certain specified percentage of the difference between the final steady-state value and the initial steady-state value for the first time from the initial value.
2.3.38 Time constant timeconstant
When the temperature of the target under test changes step by step, the time required for the thermometer output to rise to 63.2% of the final value. Note: The response element of a first-order linear system is a simple exponential function. 2.3.39 Thermal response time thermalresponsetime When the temperature changes step by step, the time required for the output change of the thermal resistor (thermocouple) to be equivalent to a certain specified percentage of the step change, usually expressed in.
2.3.40 Deadtime
The time from the moment the temperature of the measured object changes to the moment the thermometer indication begins to change.30 Graduation point calibrationpoint The specified value confirmed by a reference or standard, at which the indication or output of the thermometer is determined. 2.3.31 Graduation characteristics calibrationcharacteristics The relationship between the indication of a thermometer and the measured temperature determined under specified conditions. 2.3.32 Graduation curve calibrationcurve The graduation characteristics of a thermometer expressed as a curve. 2.3.33 Graduation equation calibrationequation The graduation characteristics of a thermometer expressed as a function. 2.3.34 Reference table
The graduation characteristics of a thermometer expressed in tabular form. 2.3.35 Measurement time
measurement time
The time required to measure the target temperature to be measured according to the specified accuracy requirements. 2.3.36 Warmup time warmuptime
The time required for the thermometer to start working normally. 2.3.37 Response time
responsetime
When the temperature of the measured target changes step by step, the time for the thermometer output to reach a certain specified percentage of the difference between the final steady-state value and the initial steady-state value for the first time from the initial value.
2.3.38 Time constanttimeconstant
When the temperature of the measured target changes step by step, the time required for the thermometer output to rise to 63.2% of the final value. Note: The response element of a first-order linear system is a simple exponential function. 2.3.39 Thermal response timethermalresponsetimeWhen the temperature changes step by step, the time required for the output change of the thermal resistor (thermocouple) to be equivalent to a certain specified percentage of the step change, usually expressed in.
2.3.40 Deadtime
The time from the moment the temperature of the measured target changes to the moment the thermometer indication begins to change. 930 Graduation point calibrationpoint The specified value confirmed by a reference or standard, at which the indication or output of the thermometer is determined. 2.3.31 Graduation characteristics calibrationcharacteristics The relationship between the indication of a thermometer and the measured temperature determined under specified conditions. 2.3.32 Graduation curve calibrationcurve The graduation characteristics of a thermometer expressed as a curve. 2.3.33 Graduation equation calibrationequation The graduation characteristics of a thermometer expressed as a function. 2.3.34 Reference table
The graduation characteristics of a thermometer expressed in tabular form. 2.3.35 Measurement time
measurement time
The time required to measure the target temperature to be measured according to the specified accuracy requirements. 2.3.36 Warmup time warmuptime
The time required for the thermometer to start working normally. 2.3.37 Response time
responsetime
When the temperature of the measured target changes step by step, the time for the thermometer output to reach a certain specified percentage of the difference between the final steady-state value and the initial steady-state value for the first time from the initial value.
2.3.38 Time constanttimeconstant
When the temperature of the measured target changes step by step, the time required for the thermometer output to rise to 63.2% of the final value. Note: The response element of a first-order linear system is a simple exponential function. 2.3.39 Thermal response timethermalresponsetimeWhen the temperature changes step by step, the time required for the output change of the thermal resistor (thermocouple) to be equivalent to a certain specified percentage of the step change, usually expressed in.
2.3.40 Deadtime
The time from the moment the temperature of the measured target changes to the moment the thermometer indication begins to change. 9
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