GB 14372-1993 Test methods and criteria for classification of explosives for transport of dangerous goods
Some standard content:
National Standards of the People's Republic of China
Transport of dangerous goods
Test method and criteria of classification for explosives
Transport of dangerous goods-Test method and criteria of classification for explosives1Subject content and scope of application| | tt | Test procedures and methods and criteria for evaluating results. This standard is applicable to the classification test of the transportation hazard of explosives. 2 Reference Standards
GB14371 Transport of Dangerous Goods, Explosives Classification Procedure Explosives Test Method 75 Heating Test
GJB772.203
Explosives Test Method Impact Sensitivity Determination Explosion Probability Method GJB 772.206||tt ||Explosives test method friction sensitivity determination explosion probability method GJB772.208
WJ1627 Determination of thermal gravimetric loss of pyrotechnics agent at 75℃ WJ1679
9 Determination of friction sensitivity of gunpowder
Gunpowder impact sensitivity Determination method
WJ1680
Explosive impact sensitivity measurement characteristics drop height method
WJ1910
3 test group and test item name
According to the requirements of GB14371, This standard divides the test methods into the following 7 groups and 28 items. Group test items
Group 1 1(a) partition test
1(b) baked incendiary bomb test
Group 2 2(a) partition test||tt ||2(b) Baked bomb test
Group 3 3(a) Impact sensitivity test
3(b) Friction sensitivity test
3(c) 75℃ thermal stability Safety test
3(d) Small combustion test
Group 4 4(a) Product thermal stability test
4(b) Steel pipe drop test (for liquid substances) 4 (b), 12m drop test (for products and solid substances) Group 5 5(a) Detonator sensitivity test
State Bureau of Technical Supervision approved on 1993-05-03 and implemented on 1993-12-01||tt| |5(b) Combustion to detonation test
5(c) External fire test
5(d) Flame sensitivity test
Group 6 6(a) Single piece test| |tt||6(b) Stacking test
6(c) External fire test
Group 7 7(a) Detonator sensitivity test
7(b) Partition test
7(c) Susan impact test
7(d) Bullet shooting test
7(e) External fire test
7(f) slow Rapid baking test
GB14372-93
7(g) 1.6 product external fire test
7(h) 1.6 product slow baking test
7 (j) Item 1.6 Product Bullet Shooting Test
7(k) Item 1.6 Product Explosion Transfer Test
4 Group 1 Test
The purpose of the Group 1 test is to answer GB14371 Section 5.2 The question in box 8 of the "Explosives Approval Procedure Chart" (Figure 2): "Is the substance explosive?" As long as one test result in this set of tests is "10", the substance is considered explosive. 4.11(a) Partition test
4.1.1 Principle and purpose
Use the strong shock wave generated by the main propellant column to act on the sample and observe whether the sample is detonated. It is used to evaluate the sensitivity of the material to shock waves and its detonation propagation characteristics.
4.1.2 Equipment and materials
a. Sample tubebzxz.net
Material precision drawn tube 20-inside $40×4TGB3639 "Cold drawn or cold rolled precision seamless steel pipe"; size inner diameter 401 %mm, length 200mm
b.． Main powder column
Material passivation RDX GJE297;
Size, diameter 40mm, height 40mm
Density 1.65±0.02g/cm*;
Other requirements for the powder column The surface is flat, smooth and crack-free; two grain columns are used for each test:
c. Partition
Material·Acetate fiber sheet;
Size and thickness 0.19±0.01mm, edge Square piece with a length of 50mm or a round piece with a diameter of 50mm; d. Cardboard
Thickness 1~2mm;
Witness board
e.
Q235-AGB700 "Carbon Structural Steel";
Material Carbon Structural Steel
A square plate with an overall size of 100mm in length and width and a thickness of 10mm or a round plate with a diameter of 100mm and a thickness of 10mm; f. Industrial Electrical Detonator GB8031, No. 8 detonator; g detonator.
4.1.3 Test sample
GB 14372-93
Substances in a state to be transported. The shaped grain column should be processed into a grain column with a diameter of 40±0.10mm. 4.1.4 Test steps
4.1.4.1 Paste a layer of cardboard on the bottom end of the seamless steel pipe as a base to make a sample tube. 4.1.4.2 Put the sample into the tube. The density of the sample should be such that no sinking of the top surface of the sample can be observed when the sample tube is tapped. Finally, the top surface of the sample should be flush with the mouth of the tube. For molded grain columns, directly load the sample grain column into the sample tube. The grain columns should be in close contact with each other and the top surface should be flush with the mouth of the sample tube.
4.1.4.3 As shown in Figure 1, stand the sample tube upright on the witness board, place a cellulose acetate sheet on the upper end of the sample tube, and then place two passivated radishite columns to make it consistent with The sample tube remains coaxial. Install the detonator at the center of the grain column. Figure 11 (a) Schematic diagram of the partition test device
1—tube; 2—main discharge column; 3—partition: 4—sample tube; 5 cardboard; 6—steel witness plate; 7— Sample; 8--Detonator holder 4.1.4.4 After the personnel are concealed, use the detonator to detonate the detonator. Observe and record the damage to the witness plate. 4.1.4.5 The test is carried out three times, but as long as one test shows that there are holes or pits on the board, the test can be stopped. 4.1.5 Methods and criteria for evaluating results
As long as there are holes or pits on the board during a test, the result will be judged as "ten"; otherwise, it will be judged as "one". 4.21(b) Baked bomb test
42.1 Principle and purpose
Observe and evaluate the degree of reaction of the sample when it is slowly heated externally in a closed container. 4.2.2 Equipment and materials
a. Grilled incendiary bomb (see Figure 2)
GB14372-93
Body material High-quality carbon structural steel No. 45 steel GB699 High-quality carbon structure Steel technical conditions"; size inner diameter 60±0.5mm, height 140mm, wall thickness 3±0.1mm; other requirements: there is a steel screw cap on the top, thickness 8mm. There is a screw hole in the center of the top cover, equipped with a through-hole bolt; 492
M76×1
M20×1
0
660
866
Figure 2 Structural diagram of roasted incendiary bomb
b. Electric heater;
c. Clamping bolt;
d. Upper and lower plywood
Material carbon structural steel Q235-AGB700;
Other requirements Lower plywood (i.e. witness plate) thickness 10mme. Temperature measurement probe and temperature recorder
Accuracy ±1 ℃;
f. Bearing gasket
Material thick cardboard;
Size inner diameter 60mm, outer diameter 7080mm, thickness 2mm. 4.2.3 Test sample
Solid material in a state to be transported.
4.2.4 Test steps
4.2.4.1 Load the sample into the missile body, do not fill it up, and leave an appropriate space. Insert the temperature measuring probe, tighten the upper cover of the projectile and the bolts fixing the lead of the temperature measuring probe, and seal the gap in the lead hole. Then use the clamping bolts to assemble the missile body as shown in Figure 3. GB14372--93
A
Figure 31(b) Baked bomb test device
1--Boiled bomb body; 2-Sample 3-Clamping bolt; 4- Bearing washer; 5--lower plywood, 6-electric heater: 7-temperature probe: 8-upper plywood, 9-bolt with through hole; 10-thermocouple lead: 11-baking bomb cover 4.2.4.2 Place the test device in a test location with explosion-proof walls. After the personnel are hidden, turn on the power supply for heating and turn on the temperature recorder at the same time. The test starts at 25±3°C.
4.2.4.3. The heating rate is controlled at about 3℃/min until the device is destroyed or the temperature rises to 400C. 4.2.4.4 The test is carried out twice, but if the projectile breaks or explodes in the first time, or the bottom plate of the fixture is blown through or has dents, the test can be stopped.
4.2.5 Methods and criteria for evaluation results
As long as the projectile is broken or shattered during a test, or the bottom plate of the fixture is blown through or has pits. The result is judged as "ten", and when any of the above phenomena does not occur during the test, it is judged as "one". 5Group 2 test
The purpose of Group 2 test is to answer the question in box 5 of GB14371 Article 5.2 "Explosives Approval Procedure Chart" (Figure 2): "Is the substance too insensitive and not Belongs to Category 1? "In this set of tests, only when the results of both tests are "1", the substance is considered to be too insensitive and does not belong to Category 1.
5.12(a) Partition test
5.1.1 Principle and purpose The equipment and materials, test samples and test procedures are the same as those in 4.1 1(a) Partition test (see Article 4.1), However, the partitions for each test are stacked with 240 cellulose acetate sheets (the corresponding total thickness of the partitions is 45.6mm), and the density and shape of the tested substance should be the same as that in the state to be transported.
5.1.2 Methods and criteria for evaluating results
As long as the board is witnessed to be blown through or has pits during a test, the result will be judged as "ten", otherwise it will be judged as "one". 5.22(b) Baked-off bomb test
5.2.1 Principle and purpose The equipment and materials, test samples and test procedures are the same as 1(b) Baked-off bomb test (see Article 4.2). 5.2.2 Methods and criteria for evaluating results
As long as the missile body is blown to pieces in a test, or the witness plate is blown through or has dents, the result will be judged as "ten", and the above GB14372 did not occur during the test. —93
Any phenomenon, or the projectile is broken but still in one piece, the result is judged as "1". 6 Group 3 test
The purpose of Group 3 test is to answer the question in box 14 of GB14371 Article 5.2 "Explosives Approval Procedure Chart" (Figure 2); "Is the substance unstable to heat?" " and the question in box 15 "Is the substance too dangerous to transport in the tested state?" If the 75°C thermal stability test result of 3(c) is "ten", then the shipment is prohibited; if the 3(c) test result is "one ", as long as one of the remaining three tests has a result of "ten", it is considered that the substance is too dangerous to transport and certain measures need to be taken (see GB14371 Articles 5.2.2 and 5.2.3). 6.13 (a) Impact sensitivity test | |tt||6.1.1 Principle and purpose
This test is used to determine the impact sensitivity of various substances other than liquids. During the test, a quantitative sample is placed between two smooth hard surfaces on a falling weight instrument. The critical drop height (Hs) of the 50% explosion probability of the sample is measured using the lifting method, which is used as the impact sensitivity of the test substance to answer the question "Is the substance too dangerous to transport in the tested state?" ”6.1.2 Instruments and materials
For requirements on instruments, equipment, impact devices, and reagent materials, see standards GJB772.206 and WJ1910 or WJ1680. 6.1.3 Test samples
The sample should be in a state to be transported For powdery or granular substances, screening is generally no longer required. If the substance to be transported is a medicine column or block, it should be made into tablets with a diameter of 6 to 8 mm and a thickness of about 1 mm (amount of medicine is about 50 mg) or after grinding. Sieve the pharmaceutical particles with a particle size of 0.200~0.450mm as the sample
6.1.4 Test procedures and result calculation
Test conditions: Drop weight mass 5000±5g, dosage 0.050±0.001g. For test procedures and result calculations, please refer to Articles 7 to 8 of WJ1910
6.1.5 Methods and criteria for evaluating results
If the Hs value of the test substance is less than 15.0cm, the result will be judged as \+”. , and when the Hs. value is greater than or equal to 15.0cm, it is judged as one." 6.23 (b) Friction sensitivity test
6.2.1 Principle and purpose
This test is used to measure various substances other than liquids Friction sensitivity. During the test, a quantitative sample is subjected to friction under a certain pressure, and its explosion probability is measured. It is used as the friction sensitivity value of the sample to answer "Is the substance too dangerous to transport under the test state?" "6.2.2 Equipment and materials
For requirements on instruments, equipment, friction devices, and reagent materials, see standard GJB772.208 or WJ1679. 6.2.3 Test samples
The requirements for specimens are consistent with 6.1.3 Same.
6.2.4 Test steps and result calculation
The test conditions are 80 degrees (for explosives) or 66 degrees (for gunpowder), gauge pressure 2.45MPa, and test quantity 20mg. The steps and result calculations are the same as those in Articles 7 to 11 of GJB772.208 or Articles 5 to 9 of WJ1679. 6.2.5 Methods and criteria for evaluating results
If the explosion probability of the test substance is greater than 12%, the test results shall be judged. is "Ten", if the explosion probability of the sample is less than or equal to 12%, the result is judged as "Two"
6.33(c) 75C Thermal Stability Test
6,3.1 Principle and Purpose| |tt|| This test is used to measure the stability of a substance under high temperature conditions. It observes whether there is an obvious temperature rise, fire or explosion phenomenon in the sample at 75°C. It is used to answer: "Is the substance instable to heat?" stable? ”6.3.2 Equipment and materials
a. Thermostat
Control accuracy ±2°C;
b. Weighing bottle with lid (or spoutless beaker with lid) specifications and diameter 35mm, height 50mm;
c．Balance
Quality gauge 1mg
d. Flat bottom test tube
Specification diameter 50mm, height 150mmz
e. Stopper ;
f. Dryer;
Inert reference material (such as silica);
g.
h, temperature probe and temperature recorder||tt ||Temperature measurement range 0~100℃;
Accuracy '±1℃.
6.3.3 Test sample
Substance in the state of being transported
6.3. 4 Test steps
6.3.4.1 Part I test
GB14372-93
Put 50g sample into a weighing bottle with a lid of known mass and weigh it. Place the weighing bottle in the oven and keep the oven temperature at 75 ± 2°C. Leave the sample at this temperature for 48 hours and observe the phenomenon. If no fire or explosion occurs during this process, take out the weighing bottle and place it in a dry place. Cool in the device, then weigh, and determine the percent loss of the sample. When handling substances with unknown properties, first conduct preliminary tests with 10g samples
For military explosives and pyrotechnics, conduct tests according to GJB772.203 and WJ1627 respectively. . 6.3.4.2 The second part of the test
If the substance does not catch fire or explode in the first part of the test, the second part of the test is carried out. The test device is shown in Figure 4. Weigh 100g of the sample and 100g of the inert reference substance, respectively. Place the sample tubes in two flat-bottomed test tubes. Place the sample tubes in the oven and adjust the temperature inside the oven to a constant temperature of 75 ± 2°C for 48 hours. If a thermocouple and a millivolt meter are used to measure the temperature, invert the two thermocouples of the same model. Connect them in series, and then insert the two thermocouples into the sample and the emotional reference material respectively, and connect the millivolt meter between the two free ends of the thermocouple to indicate and monitor the test sample and the emotional reference material. Whether there is a temperature difference between the substances. And observe whether the sample shows signs of decomposition. Figure 43(c) 75℃ thermal stability test
1-Sample: 2-Illustration material: 3--Thermocouple: 4. 7—sample tube; 5—stopper; 6 is connected to millivolt meter
6.3.5 Methods and criteria for evaluation results
GB14372-93
6.3.5.1 Part I test If a fire or explosion occurs, the result will be judged as "+". 6.3.5.2 In the second part of the test, if the sample catches fire or explodes, or the temperature of the sample is 3°C or more higher than the temperature of the reference material, the result will be judged as "Ten". . If the test does not show the above phenomenon and there is no decomposition phenomenon, the result is judged as "one". 6.3.5.3 If the heating temperature rise is recorded to be less than 3℃, but some decomposition phenomenon is observed, additional testing or evaluation is required. Then determine the test results.
6.43 (d) Small combustion test
6.4.1 Principle and purpose
Observe the response of the test substance to the flame by direct ignition. 6.4.2 Equipment and materials
a. Stopwatch;
b. Kraft paper
Size 300mm long, 300mm wide;
Black powder GJB1056 small black powder;
c.
d. Electric ignition head for detonator.
6.4.3 Test samples
Substances in a state to be transported (except liquids). 6.4.4 Test steps
6.4.4.1 According to Figure 5, place a piece of kraft paper on a dry surface that cannot burn, place a 10g sample in the center of the kraft paper, and pile it into a cone shape (the height of the cone is approximately equal to the bottom of the cone) radius), then place 10% black powder around the sample in strips along the four sides of the paper, and place the two ignition heads at the diagonal vertices of the black powder. Turn on the power and ignite, the ignition head ignites the black powder from two opposite directions, then the kraft paper is ignited by the black powder, and the flame spreads to the sample. Observe and record the reaction of the sample: a. Ignition goes out;
b. Ignite and burn, record the burning duration; c. Explode, record the time from burning to explosion. 300
Figure 53(d) Small combustion test
1-sample; 2-black powder; 3-kraft paper, 4-ignition head 6.4.4.2 If tested according to 6.4.4.1, the sample If no explosion occurs, use another 100g sample and repeat the above steps. 6.4.5 Methods and criteria for evaluating results
If the sample explodes, the result will be judged as "ten"; otherwise, it will be judged as "one" 7 Group 4 test
Purpose of the 4th group test It is to answer the question in box 22 of GB14371 Article 5.2 "Explosives Approval Procedure Chart" (Figure 2): "Is the product or packaged substance too dangerous for transportation?" In this set of tests, only one test result is " 10", the substance or product is considered too dangerous to transport.
7.14(a) Product thermal stability test
7.1.1 Principle and purpose
GB14372-93
Place the products or product packages to be classified at 75 ℃ environment, observe whether it changes. Used to evaluate the thermal stability of the product.
7.1.2 Instruments and equipment
a. Thermostatic device
Temperature control accuracy ±2℃;
Other requirements include ventilation, dual temperature control and explosion-proof electrical characteristics: b. Temperature measurement probe and temperature recorder
The temperature measurement accuracy is ±1°C.
7.1.3 Test sample
A single product or the smallest package of a product to be transported. 7.1.4 Test steps
Place the test piece in the constant temperature device. The temperature measuring probe should be in contact with the shell of the product or the product shell close to the center of the package. The lead of the temperature measuring probe is connected to the recorder, and the temperature of the constant temperature device is Adjust to 75±2C and keep for 48h. Observe and record the reaction of the specimen. 7.1.5 Methods and criteria for evaluation results
If any of the following situations occurs, the result will be judged as "ten", a.
The product explodes;
b. The product burns;
produces colored smoke or odor;
c.
d. The temperature of the product exceeds the temperature of the thermostatic device by more than 3C; e.
The outer shell of the product or the product packaging is damaged. 7.24(b) Drop test
7.2.14(b), Steel pipe drop test (for liquid substances) 7.2.1.1 Principle and purpose
Observe liquid substances enclosed in steel pipes from different heights Will there be an explosion reaction if dropped onto the steel plate? 7.2.1.2 Equipment and materials
a. Sample tube
Material finely dialed tube 45-$42 A circular steel sheet with a diameter of 42mm and a thickness of 4mm is used as the bottom of the tube; the upper end is equipped with a screw cap, and an 8mm axial hole is drilled in the center of the cap.
b. Drop frame
The effective drop height is not less than 5m, and it is equipped with a suspension release device; c. Steel plate
Hardness HB>200;
The width and width are not less than 750mm, and the thickness is not less than 75mm. 7.2.1.3 Test sample
Liquid substance in a state to be transported.
7.2.1.4 Test steps
7.2.1.4.1 Select a representative sample with uniform composition and put it into the sample tube. Stir for about 10 seconds within 1 hour before the test, and record the initial density of the sample. and temperature, then tighten the screw cap. The screw cap should be sealed with Teflon tape and the small hole should be closed with a plastic plug. 7.2.1.4.2 Carry out the test according to the device in Figure 6. The steel plate is placed flat on the concrete foundation. The test is started from a certain height. Each time the height is dropped, press
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