GB 16423-1996 Safety regulations for metal and non-metal open-pit mines
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Safety regulations for metal and nonmetal opencast mines1Subject content and scope of application
GB16423-1996
This standard specifies the safety requirements for mining, transportation, soil discharge, drainage and fire prevention, electricity and other aspects of metal and nonmetal opencast mines, as well as industrial hygiene requirements. This standard applies to the design, construction and production of metal and nonmetal opencast mines within the territory of the People's Republic of China. This standard does not apply to opencast mines for finishing building materials. 2 Reference standards
GB5748 Determination of dust in workplace airGB5749 Hygienic standard for drinking water
GB6722
GB 12141
GB 13349Www.bzxZ.net
GB 14161
GB 16424
Safety regulations for blasting
Safety regulations for aerial freight ropeways
Safety regulations for large blasting
Safety signs for mines
Safety regulations for metal and nonmetal underground mines
GBJ70 Design specifications for power installations in mines
GA53 Safety technical assessment standards for blasting workersTJ36 Hygienic standards for design of industrial enterprises
3 Terminology
Metal and nonmetal open-pit minesmetal and nonmetal Opencast mines are opencast mines that mine metal ores, radioactive ores, and other non-metallic minerals (except coal) used as chemical raw materials, building materials, auxiliary raw materials, refractory materials, and other non-metallic minerals.
4 Management
4.1 Mining enterprises and their competent departments must implement the safety production policy of "safety first, prevention first", and gradually realize scientific and standardized safety management; while planning, arranging, inspecting, summarizing, and evaluating production and construction work, they must plan, arrange, inspect, summarize, and evaluate safety work.
4.2 Mining enterprises must establish and improve the safety production responsibility system. The mine manager is responsible for the safety production work of the mine. The main responsible persons at all levels are responsible for the safety production work of their units, and their technical responsible persons are responsible for the safety and technical work of their units. Functional agencies at all levels are responsible for the safety production work within their functional scope. 4.3 Mining enterprises should establish and improve safety and health institutions and professional ventilation and dust prevention teams or full-time safety personnel. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on June 14, 1996376
Implementation on April 1, 1997
GB 16423-1996
4.4 The mine manager must undergo safety training and assessment, possess professional safety knowledge, and have the ability to lead safe production and handle mine accidents. Safety staff and ventilation and dust prevention professionals of mining enterprises must have professional knowledge and actual working experience in mines. :4.5 Mining enterprises should earnestly educate employees on safe production and labor protection, popularize safety knowledge and safety laws and regulations, and provide technical and business training. Employees are allowed to take up their posts only after passing the examination. All cadres and workers shall receive at least 20 hours of safety education each year and be assessed at least once every three years.
New workers must receive at least 40 hours of safety education at the mine, pit entrance (workshop), and team levels. After passing the examination, they shall be led by experienced workers for at least 4 months, become familiar with the operating technology of this type of work, and pass the assessment before they can work independently. Personnel who change their job types must receive education and training on safe operation of the new position. When new processes, technologies and equipment are adopted, special training should be provided to relevant personnel. Personnel who participate in labor, visit and internship must receive safety education before going down to the mine, and they must be led by a special person. Mines should establish and improve safety education rooms. 4.6 Special operation personnel, operators of key positions, important equipment and facilities, must receive special safety education and technical training, and only after passing the assessment and obtaining an operation qualification certificate or license can they take up their posts. Personnel training, assessment, certification and review work should be carried out in accordance with relevant national regulations.
4.7 Key positions, important equipment and facilities and dangerous areas should be strictly managed. 4.8 Open-pit mining should have mine survey and geological catalog documents, various measured maps and mining designs approved according to national procedures and authority.
The feasibility study report and overall design of the construction project must demonstrate the safety conditions of the mine. The preliminary design must have a special chapter on safety and health, and it should run through all professional designs. 4.9 Mining enterprises and their competent departments shall prepare safety and health engineering technical measures and plans while compiling annual production and construction plans and long-term development plans, and extract and use special funds for safety technical measures in accordance with national regulations. The funds must be used entirely to improve the safety production conditions of mines and shall not be used for other purposes.
4.10 Mining enterprises must establish and improve the job responsibility system and job technical operation procedures for safe production, and strictly implement the duty system and shift system.
4.11 Mining enterprises should establish and improve the safety activity day system and conscientiously implement the safety inspection system. The competent departments of mining enterprises shall inspect their mines at least once a year, mines at least once a quarter, and pit mouths (workshops) at least once a month.
The leaders in charge of safety work shall participate in the inspection. The relevant departments shall be instructed to solve the accident hazards and dust and toxic hazards found in the inspection within a time limit.
4.12 Mining enterprises must distribute labor protection supplies to employees in accordance with regulations, and employees must wear and use labor protection supplies and tools in accordance with regulations.
4.13 Mining enterprises should establish rescue and medical emergency organizations composed of full-time or part-time personnel, equipped with necessary equipment, instruments and medicines; and conduct self-rescue and mutual rescue training for employees every year. 4.14 When casualties or other major accidents occur in mining enterprises, the mine manager or his agent must immediately go to the scene to command and organize rescue and take effective measures to prevent the accident from expanding.
Casualty accidents must be reported truthfully to the labor administrative department and the competent department managing mining enterprises in accordance with regulations. After the accident occurs, it must be investigated and analyzed in a timely manner to find out the cause of the accident and propose measures to prevent similar accidents from happening. 5 Basic regulations
5.1 All safety, dust prevention, drainage equipment and facilities and all protective devices of electromechanical equipment in the mine shall not be dismantled arbitrarily without the permission of the competent department (department or office).
5.2 The ore (rock) pillars reserved by the design shall not be mined or destroyed within the prescribed period. 5.3 Mining and dumping operations shall not cause water damage to deep mining or adjacent mines. 377
GB16423—1996
Open-pit mines, especially deep-pit open-pit mines, must be equipped with special flood prevention and drainage facilities. 5.4 The construction of structures near the mine railway, the laying of wires and pipelines across the mine railway, across the roadbed or bridges, and temporary construction near the mine railway must be approved by the mine transportation and safety department in advance, and construction safety measures must be formulated. 5.5 When stacking items on both sides of the mine railway or road, they should be stacked firmly, and the distance between the edge of the stacked items and the approach limit of the railway building shall not be less than 0.75m; the distance from the edge of the road surface shall not be less than 1m (if there is a side ditch on the road, the distance from the outside of the side ditch shall not be less than 0.5m).
5.6 No one shall move or destroy the survey base point of the mine without authorization; when it needs to be moved or scrapped, it must be approved by the mine geological survey department and approved by the mine manager or chief engineer.
5.7 When an open-pit mine meets one of the following conditions, it may be equipped with transportation for picking up and dropping off employees: a. The distance from the place where commuters gather to the main work place of the open-pit mine (or workshop) exceeds 3000m; b. The vertical depth of a sunken open-pit mine exceeds 100m; c. The vertical height difference of a hillside open-pit mine is greater than 150m. 5.8 No one may be carried in the bucket of a self-unloading mine car, a dump truck or a non-passenger aerial ropeway. When using lifting equipment to transport personnel, the relevant provisions of GB16424 must be observed.
5.9 Before operation, the work site must be carefully inspected to confirm that electrical appliances, mechanical equipment, tools and protective facilities are in a safe state before operation is allowed. When large suspended ore rocks or residual or blind blasting are found on the working face, they must be handled in a timely manner, and corresponding safety measures must be taken during the handling. When there are signs of landslide in the mining area or spoil dump, operations in the dangerous area should be stopped, personnel should be evacuated, personnel and vehicles should be prohibited from passing, and the relevant departments of the mine should be reported for timely handling.
5.10 Drilling holes, shafts, caves, pits, mud pools and water tanks in open-pit mines that are dangerous for people to fall into must be covered or fenced, and should be clearly marked and illuminated.
5.11 When visibility is affected by fog, blasting smoke, dust and fog, or poor lighting, or when normal production cannot be maintained due to storms, snow or lightning strikes, operations should be stopped immediately; when personal safety is threatened, personnel should be moved to a safe place. 5.12 When working at a height of more than 2m (including 2m) from the reference plane of the falling height, it is necessary to wear a safety belt or set up safety nets, guardrails and other protective facilities.
When working at a height, it is strictly forbidden to throw objects; it is strictly forbidden to work in double layers in the vertical direction. When there is a strong wind of level 6 or above, it is forbidden to carry out lifting and high-altitude work in the open air. 5.13 The walkways, ladders, floors of the equipment and the places where people pass and operate should be kept clean and safe. It is not allowed to store debris on the roof of the equipment, and the stones on it should be removed in time. 5.14 There must be pedestrian passages in the open-pit mine, and there should be safety signs and lighting. Ladders or steps (steps) with handrails can be set up between adjacent stages as pedestrian passages. When the lower part of the ladder is close to the railway, a safety guardrail should be set up at the building approach limit. When the pedestrian passage between adjacent stages is close to the railway, its edge shall not intrude into the railway building approach limit by 0.5m, and when it is close to the road, it should be set outside the road shoulder. 5.15 When the main switch of mining, transportation, earth dumping or other equipment is powered on, powered off or started, the operator must call and respond, and confirm that everything is correct before proceeding.
5.16 When using mining, transportation and other mechanical equipment, the following regulations must be observed: a. When the equipment is in operation, personnel are prohibited from inspecting, oiling and cleaning its rotating parts; b. When the equipment is moving, personnel are prohibited from getting on and off, and no one may stay or pass in places that may endanger personnel safety; 3. When terminating the operation, the power supply must be cut off and the water and gas valves must be closed. 5.17 Equipment maintenance should be carried out after the starting device is turned off, the power supply is cut off and the equipment is completely stopped, and guardrails should be set up for the moving parts and live devices close to the equipment. At the power cut-off point, the power switch must be locked or supervised by a dedicated person, and a warning sign "No power supply while someone is working" should be hung.
5.18 The power supply cables of open-pit mining equipment must be well insulated and must not come into contact with metal pipes (wires) and conductive materials. When crossing roads and railways, protective measures must be taken.
GB16423-1996
5.19 Insulated gloves, insulating boots, insulating tools and equipment must be in good condition in electric-driven drilling rigs, excavators and locomotives. When power is cut off, power is transmitted and cables are moved, insulating protective articles and tools must be used as required. 5.20 When mining, transportation and other equipment pass under overhead power lines, the distance between their tops and overhead power lines shall comply with the following provisions: a. For equipment below 3kV, it shall not be less than 1.5 m
b. For equipment between 3kV and 10kV, it shall not be less than 2.0 m;
For equipment above 10kV, it shall not be less than 3.0 m.
5.21 Wet operation shall be preferred in open-pit mining. Comprehensive dust prevention technical measures shall be taken for dust-generating points and equipment. 5.22 Mining equipment in deep open pit mines and driver's cabs of mining dump trucks shall be equipped with air conditioning devices, and it is prohibited to open windows for operation. 5.23 Open-pit blasting operations must comply with GB.6722 and GB13349. Solid personnel shelter facilities must be set up at the blasting site. The location, structure and removal time shall be specified in the mining plan and approved by the mine manager or chief engineer. 5.24 Before blasting, mobile equipment such as drilling rigs and excavators shall be driven to a safe place and the power supply shall be cut off. 5.25 Fixed air compressor stations in open pits shall be set up outside the blasting danger line. Compressed air pipelines leading to open pits can be laid along the ground.
6 Open pit mining
6.1 Safety requirements for stage composition
6.1.1 Stage height shall comply with the provisions of Table 1. Table 1 Determination of stage height
Ore and rock properties
Soft rock and soil
Hard and stable rock
Sandy rock
Soft rock
Hard and stable rock
Mining operation method
Mechanical shoveling
No blasting
Manual mining
Not more than the maximum digging height of the machine
Stage height
Not more than 1.2 times the maximum digging height of the machineNot more than 1.8m
Not more than 3.0m
Not more than 6. 0 m
If the stage height exceeds the provisions of Table 1, it must be technically demonstrated and reported to the competent authority for approval under the premise of ensuring safety. 6.1.2 When the excavator or front loader is shoveling, the blasting pile height should not be more than 1.5 times the maximum digging height of the machine. 6.1.3 During manual mining, the slope angle during the working stage shall comply with the provisions of Table 2. Table 2 Determination of the slope angle during the working stage
Ore rock properties
Soft ore rock
Relatively stable ore rock
Hard and stable ore rock
Slope angle during the working stage
Not greater than the natural repose angle of the ore being mined
Not greater than 50°
Not greater than 80°
6.1.4 The final slope angle during the non-working stage and the minimum width of the working platform shall be specified in the design. Mining and transportation equipment, transportation lines, power supply and communication lines must be set within the stable range of the working platform. The distance from the edge of the blast pile to the center line of the standard gauge railway shall not be less than 2.5m; the distance to the center line of the narrow gauge railway shall not be less than 2.0m; the distance to the edge of the road shall not be less than 1m. 6.2 Perforation operation
GB164231996
6.2.1 When the drilling rig is stabilized, the minimum distance from the jack to the edge of the stage is: 1m for the trolley, 2.5m for the cone drill, down-the-hole drill, and wire rope impact drill. It is forbidden to place a block stone under the dry jack
When drilling the first row of holes, the angle between the center axis of the drilling rig and the edge of the stage shall not be less than 45°. 6.2.2 When the drilling rig moves close to the edge of the stage, it should be checked whether the walking route is safe; the minimum distance from the outer protruding part of the trolley to the edge of the stage is 2m, and the minimum distance from the outer protruding part of the cone drill, down-the-hole drill, and wire rope impact drill to the edge of the stage is 3m. 6.2.3 The drilling rig should not move on a slope with a slope exceeding 15°; if the slope exceeds 15°, the drill frame must be lowered, commanded by a dedicated person, and anti-overturning measures must be taken.
When the drilling rig is raising and lowering the drilling rig, non-operating personnel shall not stay in the dangerous area. 6.2.4 When the last mining zone of the blasting pile is excavated, the drilling rig shall not be operated or stayed in the zone corresponding to the first row of holes on the blasting pile stage surface within the excavator's operating range. 6.3 Shoveling operation
6.3.1 When two or more excavators are operating on the same platform, the distance between the excavators: when transported by car, shall not be less than 3 times of its maximum excavation radius, and shall not be less than 50m; when transported by locomotive, shall not be less than the length of two trains. 6.3.2 Excavators operating simultaneously in two adjacent stages must be staggered along the stage direction by a certain distance; the excavator performing auxiliary operations on the edge safety belt of the upper stage must be ahead of the excavator operating normally in the lower stage by 3 times of the maximum excavation radius, and shall not be less than 50m. 6.3.3 When the excavator is working, the horizontal distance from the vertical projection of the balance device to the bottom of the stage slope shall not be less than 1m. The location of the operating room should minimize the danger to the operator. 6.3.4 The excavator must move within the stable range of the working platform. When the excavator is going uphill or downhill, the drive shaft should always be in the downhill direction: the bucket should be unloaded and lowered to keep an appropriate distance from the ground; the cantilever axis should be consistent with the direction of travel. 6.3.5 When the excavator passes through cables, wind and water pipes, and railway crossings, measures should be taken to protect the cables, wind and water pipes, and railway crossings; when walking on soft or muddy roads, measures should be taken to prevent sinking; anti-skid measures should be taken when going uphill or downhill. 6.3.6 When the excavator and front loader are shoveling, the bucket is prohibited from passing over the vehicle cab. 6.3.7 It is strictly forbidden to adjust the position of the cantilever frame during operation. 6.4 Bulldozer operation
6.4.1 When the bulldozer is operating on an inclined working surface, the maximum allowable operating slope should be less than the slope that its technical performance can achieve. 6.4.2 When the bulldozer is operating, the scraper shall not exceed the edge of the platform. When the bulldozer is less than 5m away from the edge of the platform, it must run at a low speed. It is forbidden to back up the bulldozer to the edge of the platform.
6.4.3 When the bulldozer is towing a vehicle or other equipment, the following provisions shall be observed: a. The towed vehicle or equipment shall have a braking system and be operated by a person; the travel speed of the bulldozer shall not exceed 5km/h; b.
c. When towing a vehicle or equipment downhill, it is forbidden to use a cable to tow; d.
A designated person shall be in charge.
6.4.4 When the bulldozer is started, it is strictly forbidden for personnel to work under the body, and no one is allowed to stay near the body. When the bulldozer is moving, it is forbidden for personnel to stand on the bulldozer or the scraper frame. When the engine is running and the scraper is raised, the driver shall not leave the cab. 6.4.5 The inspection, lubrication and adjustment of the bulldozer shall be carried out on a flat ground. When checking the scraper, it shall be placed firmly on the pad and the engine shall be turned off.
It is forbidden for personnel to stay on the raised scraper or conduct inspections. 6.5 Prevention of mining area collapse and slope sliding
6.5.1 Abandoned tunnels, goafs and caves within the mining boundary and in the vicinity of the final slope must be marked on the mine plan in a timely manner, and obvious signs must be set up in a timely manner as the mining operation proceeds. 6.5.2 Abandoned tunnels, goafs and caves within the mining boundary must be treated at least one stage ahead of time. A construction design should be prepared before treatment and submitted to the competent department for approval.
6.5.3 The working wall of the mining site should be inspected once a quarter, the high and steep side walls should be inspected once a month, and the unstable sections should be inspected in time after the explosion. Any abnormalities found should be handled immediately.
GB16423-1996
6.5.4 During mechanical shoveling, the stability of the final slope should be ensured, and the number of merged sections should not exceed three. 6.5.5 When blasting near the final slope, controlled blasting and shock-absorbing measures must be adopted. Large blasting is strictly prohibited. 6.5.6 For mining operations near the final slope, safety and transportation platforms must be reserved according to the width determined by the design. The safe slope angle of the stage must be maintained, and the bottom of the slope must not be over-excavated. When a local slope collapses, it should be reported to the relevant competent authorities in a timely manner and effective treatment measures should be taken. At the end of each stage of mining, the loose rock and soil on the platform and the floating stones on the slope surface must be cleaned up in a timely manner, and the relevant departments must be organized for acceptance. 6.5.7 For non-working platforms for transportation and pedestrians, safety and stability inspections should be carried out regularly. If signs of collapse or sliding are found, safety measures must be taken in a timely manner and reported to the relevant competent authorities. 6.5.8 Measures should be taken to prevent surface water from infiltrating into the weak layer cracks of the side rock mass or directly scouring the slope. When there are aquifers in the side rock mass, drainage measures should be taken.
6.5.9 When dumping waste rock in adjacent areas outside the boundary, the design regulations must be followed to ensure the stability of the slope and prevent the hazards of rolling stones and collapse. 6.5.10 For large mines or mines with potentially hazardous slopes, a sound slope management and inspection system must be established, and key parts of the slope and areas with potential landslide hazards should be reinforced. 6.5.11 Slopes should be regularly observed at fixed points. The geodesy department should provide relevant slope information in a timely manner. 6.6 Joint mining
6.6.1 Within the rock mass movement range of underground mining (including the 10~~~20m protection zone), open-pit mining should not be carried out simultaneously. 6.6.2 When open-pit and underground mining are carried out simultaneously, the following principles must be followed: a: The open-pit slope angle of the area affected by underground mining should be appropriately reduced according to the degree of impact; b. The mining sequence of each open-pit and underground mining interval should be specified in the design to protect the stability of the open-pit mine slope. 6.6.3 When open-pit and underground blasting affect each other, simultaneous blasting is strictly prohibited, and the other party must be notified to evacuate the personnel in the danger zone before blasting. For large-scale blasting operations, effective safety measures should be formulated and reported to the mine manager or chief engineer for approval. 6.6.4 When underground mining is changed to open-pit mining due to spontaneous combustion of ore, the fire spread, safe mining depth, remaining ore volume and thickness of the ore body must be found in advance, and a written report must be written and reported to the competent department for approval. 6.6.5 When underground mining is changed to open-pit mining, the positions of all underground tunnels, goafs and pillars should be drawn on the mine plane and surface comparison map. The treatment methods of underground tunnels and goafs should be determined in the design. 6.6.6 When open-pit mining is changed to underground mining, the specifications of the boundary safety top pillar or the thickness of the rock cushion layer must be determined in the design according to the selected mining method for the upper boundary of underground mining. 6.6.7 The water prevention and drainage design of the conversion from open-pit mining to underground mining must take into account the maximum underground water inflow and the short-term maximum runoff caused by concentrated rainfall.
6.7 Phased mining and steep slope mining
6.7.1 Phased mining should have safety measures to prevent rolling stones from the upper expansion and stripping section from endangering the normal mining and stripping section below. 6.7.2 When mining on steep slopes, if the transportation road is arranged on the combined steps or inclined stripping slopes, the safety platform of the lower step should be able to catch the slag blasted from the upper step.
It is strictly forbidden to blast two adjacent combined steps at the same time. 7 Transportation
7.1 Railway transportation
7.1.1 Mine railways should set up refuge lines and safety lines in accordance with regulations; set up brake inspection stations at appropriate locations to inspect and test trains; set up station lines and equipment required for hanging and parking vehicles with brake failure. 7.1.2 The lead-out line set on the curve must have good lookout conditions to ensure shunting safety. The distance from the railway centerline to the edge of the roadbed surface on the side where the T-connection and shunting pull-out line are to be operated shall not be less than 3.5m, and the shoulder width of the narrow-gauge railway shall not be less than 1m. 7.1.3 Double-sided wheel guard rails shall be provided in the following sections: a. Bridges (including overpasses) with a total length greater than 10m or a bridge height greater than 6m, and the distance from the line center to the cross-line bridge pier is less than 3m under the bridge. b. When the fixed line and semi-fixed line adopt the minimum curve radius in Table 3, a single-sided wheel guard rail shall be provided on the inner side of the curve. Table 3 Minimum curve radius
Standard-gauge railway
Locomotive and vehicle types
Line name
Minimum curve radius.m
Narrow-gauge railway
Fixed wheelbase, m
Railway gauge, mm
2. 1～3. 0
762,900
Note: Classification of electric locomotives and vehicles on standard-gauge railways: Class I is a locomotive with a fixed wheelbase ≤2.6m and a full wheelbase <11m, and a mine car with a fixed wheelbase ≤1.8m and a full wheelbase <11m; Class II is a locomotive with a fixed wheelbase ≤2.6m and a full wheelbase <16m, and a mine car with a fixed wheelbase ≤1.8m and a full wheelbase <11m; Class III is a mine car with a fixed wheelbase of 1.2m×2 and a full wheelbase <13m. When the fixed wheelbase of old locomotives used in the mine renovation and expansion is greater than 2.6m and less than 3m, the second category standard can be referred to.
7.1.4 The intersections between railways and roads with large density of pedestrian and vehicle traffic should be three-dimensional. Level crossings should be set on lines with good visibility conditions and meet the specified visibility distance of locomotive and vehicle drivers. Level crossings should not be set up in stations. Level crossings with poor visibility conditions or large density of pedestrian (vehicle) traffic should be equipped with automatic crossing signal devices or guarded by special personnel. 7.1.5 For electrified railways, limit frames should be set on both sides of the railway at the crossing; safety fences should be set at the corresponding parts of the railway power grid on bridges and overpasses; and protective nets should be set on both sides of overpasses to prevent rocks from falling from mine cars. 7.1.6 Busy crossings, large bridge-tunnel structures with guards, and landslides and rockfalls that may endanger driving safety should be equipped with blocking signals, and their locations should be no less than 50m away from the protection location. In areas with adverse weather conditions such as storms, fog, snow, or when the distance displayed by the blocking signal is less than 400m, a warning signal or a repeater signal should be set 300m (150m for narrow-gauge railways) in front of the main signal.
7.1.7 Loading (unloading) lines should generally be set on flat roads or slopes with a slope of no more than 2.5% (no more than 3% for narrow-gauge railways); for vehicles with rolling bearings, the slope should be no more than 1.5%.
Under special circumstances, when the locomotive is not unhooked, the slope of its loading and unloading line shall not be greater than 15%. A safety car stop must be set at the end of the line.
7.1.8 The running speed of the train shall be determined by the mine, but it must be guaranteed to stop within the braking distance of 300m for standard-gauge railways and 150m for narrow-gauge railways.
7.1.9 It is prohibited to shun at both ends of the same shunting line at the same time. When shunting by slipping, corresponding safety braking measures must be taken. It is not allowed to drop the car in the operating section. When dropping the car on a slope with a station line slope greater than 2.5% (greater than 1.5% for rolling bearing vehicles and greater than 3% for narrow gauge), anti-slip measures must be taken. 7.1.10 When the train passes through an electrified railway, a high-voltage transmission network or an overpass, personnel are prohibited from climbing on the top of the locomotive, coal and water car or loading open car. After the electric locomotive raises the pantograph, it is prohibited to climb on the roof or enter the side walkway to work. 7.1.11 When the railway crane is operating, safety measures such as wheel stop or locomotive (train) coupling should be taken according to the performance of the equipment and the needs of the line slope.
7.1.12 When pushing a narrow gauge car manually, the following regulations must be observed: a When the line slope is less than 5%, the distance between the front and rear cars shall not be less than 10m; when the slope is greater than 5%, the distance shall not be less than 30m; when the slope is greater than 10%, manual pushing is prohibited. b. When running on a line that can slide freely, the driving speed shall not exceed 3m/s, and there shall be reliable braking devices or braking measures. When entering a curve, turnout, station yard or end, the mine car must slow down and drive slowly. c. No one is allowed to ride on the vehicle.
GB16423—1996
d. The distance between mine cars running in the same or opposite direction on double tracks shall not be less than 0.7m. Car pushers are prohibited from walking in the middle of the two lanes. 7.1.13 For narrow-gauge self-sliding transportation, the sliding speed of the vehicle shall not exceed 3m/s. When the sliding speed is below 1.5m/s, the distance between vehicles shall be no less than 20m; when the sliding speed exceeds 1.5m/s, the distance between vehicles should be no less than 30m. For self-driving transportation, safety devices such as speed reducers or vehicle blockers should be installed along the line as needed. 7.1.14 For lines with faults, stop signals should be set at both ends of the fault area. When a dead-end line fails, a stop signal should be set at the vehicle entry end; trains are prohibited from running in the fault line area before the fault is eliminated and the stop signal is removed. 7.2 Automobile transportation
7.2.1 Automobiles transporting ore (rock) in deep pit open-pit mines should take exhaust gas purification measures. 7.2.2 Dump trucks are strictly prohibited from carrying flammable and explosive items; the platform outside the cab, pedals and bucket are not allowed to carry people. It is prohibited to raise or lower the bucket during operation.
7.2.3 Vehicles should drive at medium speed on mine roads, and should drive at a limited speed in sharp bends, steep slopes and dangerous areas, and should slow down when passing through road maintenance areas. Overtaking is strictly prohibited at sharp bends,
7.2.4 The width of the road surface of the two-lane road should ensure the safety of passing. The minimum flat curve radius should not be used for the end curve of a steep and long slope. If the sight distance for meeting vehicles at a curve cannot meet the requirements, separate lanes should be set up. 7.2.5 When fog and smoke affect visibility, the yellow lights and signal lights in front of the vehicle should be turned on, and the vehicle should slow down and drive to the right. The distance between the front and rear vehicles should not be less than 30m. When the sight distance is less than 20m, the vehicle should stop driving to the right, and the warning lights in front and behind the vehicle should not be extinguished. 7.2.6 In the ice and snow and rainy seasons, when the road is slippery, anti-skid measures should be taken and the vehicle should slow down; the distance between the front and rear vehicles should not be less than 40m; it is prohibited to turn the steering wheel sharply, brake suddenly, overtake or tow other vehicles. When it is necessary to tow other vehicles, effective safety measures should be taken and there should be a special person to direct. 7.2.7 Guardrails, vehicle blocking walls, etc. should be set up on the outside of the curved roads of hillside fill, the fill sections with large slopes, and the high embankment roadbed sections. 7.2.8 For long and steep slopes of main transport roads and connecting roads, car avoidance barriers can be set up according to the needs of operational safety. 7.2.9 The intersection of roads and railways should be orthogonal. If the terrain restricts the intersection, the intersection angle should not be less than 45°. Warning signs must be set up at the intersection.
Before the vehicle passes through the intersection, the driver must slow down and look around, and confirm that it is safe before passing. 7.2.10 During loading, it is prohibited to inspect and maintain the vehicle; the driver shall not leave the driving cab, and shall not extend his head and arms out of the cab. 7.2.11 The unloading platform (including the chute, trestle unloading port, etc.) must have sufficient shunting width. The unloading site must be equipped with firm and reliable vehicle blocking facilities, and a special person must be assigned to direct. The height of the vehicle blocking facilities shall not be less than two-fifths of the maximum tire diameter of various transport vehicles at the unloading point. 7.2.12 When removing wheels and inflating tires, the integrity of the wheel strips and steel rims must be checked first. If there are defects, they should be deflated before removal. When inspecting under the raised bucket, reliable safety measures must be taken. 7.2.13 It is forbidden to start the vehicle by coasting, and it is strictly forbidden to coast in neutral when driving downhill. When parking on a slope, the driver cannot leave, and must use the parking brake and take safety measures.
7.2.14 Open-pit mine gas stations should be set up in safe locations. It is not allowed to refuel in open-pit mines with open flames or unsafe locations. 7.2.15 There should be good lighting at night for loading and unloading. 7.3 Flat blockhouse chute transportation
7.3.1 The location of the chute must be determined based on reliable engineering geological data. The chute must be arranged in a hard, stable, well-integrated location with little groundwater. When the chute passes through a locally unstable stratum, reinforcement measures must be taken. 7.3.2 The operating room of the ore discharge system must be equipped with a safe passage. The safe passage should be higher than the transport blockhouse and should avoid the ore discharge opening. 7.3.3 A complete ventilation and dust removal system must be established for the flat alkali chute. 7.3.4 The unloading port should be equipped with a screen, and have obvious signs, good lighting and safety guardrails. 7.3.5 A sidewalk with a width of not less than 1m must be left in the transport platform. People entering the platform must walk on the sidewalk. There should be good lighting facilities and communication signals in the platform. 7.3.6 It is strictly forbidden to unload debris that is easy to cause blockage, large objects exceeding the regulations, scrap steel, wood, wire ropes and sticky materials with high water content into the chute.
7.3.7 The blasting around the chute opening should be specially designed. The chute should have good water and drainage facilities. 383
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7.3.8 When the upper and lower openings of the chute are operated, non-staff members are prohibited from staying nearby. Operators are prohibited from prying ore opposite the chute opening or on the mine car. When the chute is blocked, collapsed, or leaked, the location and cause of the accident should be identified after it stabilizes, and treatment measures should be formulated; it is strictly forbidden to enter the chute from the bottom.
7.3.9 The production and technical management of the flat alkali chute system should be strengthened, management rules should be compiled, and maintenance and overhaul should be carried out regularly. The overhaul plan should be submitted to the mine manager for approval.
7.3.10 Hydrogeological observations should be strengthened during the rainy season to reduce the ore storage capacity of the chute. When the chute is flooded, powder ore shall not be unloaded, and ore discharge should be suspended. Ore discharge can only be carried out after safety measures are taken to properly handle the accumulated water. 7.4 Belt conveyor transportation
7.4.1 Sidewalks should be set up on both sides of the belt conveyor. The width of the sidewalk on the side where pedestrians often walk shall not be less than 1.0m; the width of the other side shall not be less than 0.6m. When the slope of the sidewalk is greater than 7°, steps should be set up. 7.4.2 The maximum slope of non-high-angle belt conveyors for transporting materials shall not exceed 15° upwards and 12° downwards. 7.4.3 The operation of belt conveyors must comply with the following regulations: It is strictly forbidden to ride on non-passenger belt conveyors; a.
It is forbidden to transport materials other than specified materials and materials and equipment that are too long; b.
The maximum block size of materials shall not exceed 350mm
The stockpile width shall be at least 200mm smaller than the belt width; d.
It is forbidden to stop the conveyor belt, drive wheel and redirecting wheel in time to clear the debris, and it is strictly forbidden to clear the ore under the running conveyor belt. e.
7.4.4 The belt safety factor of the belt conveyor shall be 8~10. The safety factor of the steel rope of the steel rope core belt conveyor should be 3.5 to 5. 7.4.5 The roller diameter of the steel rope core belt conveyor should not be less than 150 times the diameter of the steel rope core, not less than 1000 times the diameter of the steel wire, and the minimum diameter should not be less than 400mm.
7.4.6 Each loading and unloading point should be equipped with fixed protection devices, electrical protection and signal lights. 7.4.7 The belt conveyor should be equipped with devices to prevent the belt from deviating, tearing, and reversing, cleaning of the belt and rollers, overspeed protection, overload alarm, and large block impact prevention devices, as well as start-up and emergency stop devices along the line and good braking devices. The steel rope core belt conveyor must also be equipped with a device to prevent the belt from slipping out of the groove and a rope stacking protection device for multi-roller transmission. 7.4.8 When replacing the fence, scraper, and roller, the machine must be stopped, the power must be cut off, and there must be a special person to supervise. ”7.4.9 When the tape cannot be started or slips, it is strictly forbidden to use methods such as stepping on it, pushing or pulling it with hands, or pressing the bar.7.5 Aerial ropeway transportation
7.5.1 Aerial ropeway transportation shall comply with GB12141.7.5.2 When the ropeway line passes through factory areas, residential areas, railways, and roads, safety protection measures shall be taken.7.5.3 When the ropeway line crosses with power and communication overhead lines, protective measures shall be taken.7.5.4 In case of a gale of level 8 or above, the operation of the ropeway and all operations on the line shall be stopped.7.5.5 The height from the ground shall be less than The 2.5m traction rope and the running parts of the equipment in the station should be equipped with safety covers or protective nets. The station building that is more than 0.6m above the ground should be equipped with a safety fence at the station entrance. 7.5.6 The driving machine must be equipped with both working brake and emergency brake devices. If any of the devices fails, the machine should stop running. 7.5.7 Each cableway station should be equipped with a dedicated telephone and sound signal device. If any of the devices fails, the machine should stop running. 7.6 Slope winch transportation
7.6.1 Sensitive brakes must be installed at the connection between the ramp and the upper and intermediate yards. 7.6.2 Safety facilities such as devices to prevent runaway vehicles should be installed on the ramp. 7.6.3 The speed of the slope winch transportation shall not exceed the following provisions: 7.6.3.1 The maximum speed of lifting personnel or transporting materials with a mine car: a. When the length of the ramp is not more than 300m, 3.5m/s; b. When the length of the ramp is more than 300m, 5m/s; c. When running on the swing track, 1.5m/s. GB16423--1996 7.6.3.2 When transporting materials and ore with a skip The maximum speed of the stone: a. When the length of the ramp is not more than 300m, 5m/s; b. When the length of the ramp is more than 300m, 7m/s. 7.6.3.3 Acceleration or deceleration of transport personnel, 0.5m/s27.6.4 The electromechanical control system for ramp transportation should have speed limit protection device, short circuit and power-off protection device of the main drive motor, overwinding protection device, overspeed protection device, overload and no voltage protection device, interlocking device between the winch operating handle and the safety brake, locking device between the winch and the signal system, etc. 7.6.5. During the emergency braking and working braking of the winch, the ratio K of the torque generated and the actual maximum static load rotation torque of the transport shall not be less than 3. For winches with smaller mass modulus, the K value of the safety gate can be appropriately reduced, but shall not be less than 2. When adjusting the relative position of the rotation of the double-roller winch roller, the torque generated by the brake device on each drum brake wheel shall not be less than 1.2 times the rotation torque formed by the hanging weight of the roller (the sum of the weight of the wire rope and the weight of the transport container). When calculating the braking torque, the friction coefficient of the brake wheel and the brake shoe should be determined based on actual measurements, generally 0.30 to 0.35, and the torque of the common gate and the safety gate should be calculated separately.
7.6.6 Pedestrian steps should be set along the ramp.
Ditches or safety retaining walls should be set on both sides of the ramp track. 7.6.7 When the slope of the ramp track bed is large, measures must be taken to prevent the rails and rail beams from sliding down as a whole, and the rails must be laid flat and the track gauge must be uniform.
A ground roller should be installed in the middle of the slope track to support the wire rope and keep it well lubricated. 7.6.8 Buffer steps, ore baffles, anti-impact chains and other anti-smashing facilities should be installed on the top of the ore bin. A receiving pit or a scraper conveyor should be installed at the bottom of the ore bin gate to collect and clean the ore. 7.6.9 The ratio of the diameter of the drum to the diameter of the wire rope shall not be less than 80. The ratio of the diameter of the drum to the diameter of the wire shall not be less than 1200. The safety factor of the wire rope specially used for transporting materials shall not be less than 6.5; for transporting personnel, it shall not be less than 9. When the wire rope is wound on the drum in multiple layers, the flanges at both ends of the drum must be higher than the height of the outer rope loop 2.5 times the diameter of the wire rope. The length of the wire rope chord should not exceed 60m; if it exceeds 60m, a support guide wheel should be installed in the middle of the chord. 7.6.10 Sound and light signal communication devices should be installed between the winch driver, the winch signalman, and the ore bin unloading workers. The contact signal must be clear; no operation shall be performed when the signal is interrupted or unclear.
7.6.11 Safety measures must be taken when working on the ramp, in the skip (mine car) or silo. 7.6.12 Adjustment of the winch wire rope must be carried out without load, with power off, and with the working brake. When tightening the wire rope or changing the operating level, the operating speed shall not exceed 0.5m/s. 7.6.13 The wire rope and its related parts shall be inspected and tested regularly; they must be replaced when any of the following conditions are found: a. The number of broken wires in a lay length of the wire rope specially used for transporting materials reaches 10% of the total number of wires; when it is stretched violently due to emergency braking, there is damage in the stretching section or the length increases by more than 0.5%; b.
Wear reaches 30%;
d. There are broken strands or the diameter is reduced by 10%.
For multi-layer wound wire ropes, the critical section from the lower layer to the upper layer must be inspected more closely, and the critical section should be moved to the position of 1/4 of the rope loop every quarter.
Wire ropes used to transport materials should be tested for the first time every year from the date of suspension, and then tested every 6 months. When the connection sleeve of the skip wire rope is pulled out by more than 5mm due to emergency braking, or when other abnormal and dangerous phenomena occur, it should be re-cast and connected. 8 Hydraulic mining and dredging ship mining
8.1 Hydraulic mining
8.1.1 The minimum distance from the nozzle of the water gun to the bottom line of the working stage slope shall meet the following requirements a. For reverse flushing of loose sandy clay rock, it shall not be less than 0.8 times the stage height; for flushing of dense clay rock, it shall not be less than 1.2 times the stage 385
height.
GB16423—1996
b. The minimum distance of the long-distance controlled near-water gun from the stage slope bottom line should be determined in the design. 8.1.2 When mining dense rock and soil and cutting the bottom, the stage height shall not exceed 10m. If it exceeds 10m, it should be mined in reverse in sections. When reusing tailings, the mining stage height shall not exceed 5m. When hydraulic trenching is used and the ore is transported in open trenches, the trench width shall not be less than 1.5 times the stage height. 8.1.3 It is strictly forbidden to reversely mine the mud and oil layers in the tailings that have been washed and discarded, or the hillside sand mines with an inclination of more than 30° and a relatively smooth bottom plate. When mining sedimentary sand mines in caves, the pumice on the edge of the cave should be dealt with in time. When there are large pieces of pumice on the stage slope, it is forbidden to mine frontally. 8.1.4 When the water gun is operating on the mining face, personnel are prohibited from entering the top and bottom edges of the slope. When the water gun stops working, it must be checked and confirmed to be safe before entering the mining face, but it is forbidden to enter the vicinity of the slope bottom line. When the water gun is in operation, personnel are prohibited from performing other work within the mining range.
When the water gun stops suddenly, personnel are strictly prohibited from entering the mining face before the water source switch is turned off. 8.1.5When two water guns are operating at the same time in one stage, the distance between them should be no less than 2.5 times the effective range of the water gun when mining in opposite directions; the distance between them should be no less than 1.5 times the effective range of the water gun when mining in parallel. When mining in two adjacent stages at the same time, the working face of the upper stage must be more than 30m ahead of the working face of the lower stage. 8.1.6The sand pump on the top of the slurry pool should be equipped with a stable operating platform and a ladder with handrails. The width of the platform shall not be less than 0.7m. There should be a cover plate or metal mesh on the mining trench with pedestrians on it. Trench with a depth of more than 2m should be marked with obvious signs and personnel are prohibited from approaching.
8.1.7The trestle with pipelines or aqueducts should be equipped with pedestrian passages, railings and ladders with a width of not less than 0.5m. 8.1.8 The power supply and distribution lines shall meet the following requirements: a. Fixed power transmission lines shall not be set up in the mining operation area, and the distance between them and the operating water gun shall not be less than 2 times the range of the water gun. b. Mobile cables in the mining area shall not pass through the range of the water gun, and good insulation shall be ensured; c. Electric lines shall have good lightning protection facilities. 8.1.9 The distance from the mud pipeline to the exposed power transmission line and communication line shall not be less than 1.5 times the height of the pole. 8.2 Mining by dredging ship
8.2.1 During the excavation operation, other operations are prohibited in the onshore installation area of the head rope and side rope of the dredging ship. Measures should be taken to prevent disasters such as landslides, collapses and mud-rock flows in the mining area. 8.2.2 The safe water level and minimum mining width of the dredging ship shall be specified in the design. When the dredging boat is working, the navigation height shall not be less than 0.2m; when the dredging boat crosses the river, the difference between the river surface elevation and the water surface elevation of the mining pool shall not be greater than 0.5m; when the river section where the dredging boat crosses is lower than the safe water level, a dam should be built to raise the water level, and it is not advisable to use the over-excavation bottom plate development method to cross the river. 8.2.3 The distance from the surface structure to the edge of the mining pool shall not be less than 30m; the distance from the equipment to the edge of the mining pool shall not be less than 5m, and the distance from the personnel to the edge of the mining pool shall not be less than 2m.
8.2.4 When the dredging boat is operating, all personnel and ships are prohibited from staying or passing within its turning radius. 8.2.5 During strong winds, heavy fog and floods, it is strictly prohibited to sail and adjust the ship without reliable safety measures. 8.2.6 The power cable must be well insulated; the part laid on the surface should have warning signs; the part above water must be laid on a pontoon or raft.
When moving and repairing equipment on board, personnel shall not be less than 0.7m away from the power supply cable. 8.2.7 Water level alarms, lighting, signals, communications and rescue equipment shall be installed on the dredging vessel. 9 Spoil dump
9.1 The spoil dump shall ensure that it will not threaten the safety of mining sites, industrial sites (factory areas), residential areas, railways, roads, cultivated areas, waters, tunnels, etc. Its safety distance shall be specified in the design. 9.2 Spoil dumps (including hydraulic spoil dumps) should not be located in areas with poor engineering geological or hydrogeological conditions; if safety is affected by poor foundations, effective measures must be taken.
GB 16423—1996
9.3 Internal spoil dumps shall not affect the normal mining of mines and the stability of slopes, and there must be a certain safety distance between the foot of the spoil dump and the mining point of the ore body.
9.4 The stage height, total stacking height, platform width, and advance stacking width of adjacent stages of the spoil dump should be clearly specified in the design.
9.5 The rock-soil ratio of the abandoned rock and soil, and the mixed or separate stacking of rock and soil should be determined in the design. Rock and soil should not be stacked alternately in layers. The bottom layer of the spoil dump should be made of large rocks that are easy to permeate.
9.6 The unloading section of the railway mobile line must comply with the following regulations: The roadbed surface should form a reverse slope towards the inside of the site; a.
b. The line should generally be a straight line. Under difficult conditions, its minimum curve radius should not be less than the provisions of Table 4, and the outer rail superelevation should be set according to the safety requirements of the unloading operation;
Table 4 Line Flat Curve Radius Provisions
Narrow-gauge Railway
Unloading direction
To the outside of the curve, m
To the inside of the curve, m
Gauge Railway
Locomotive and vehicle fixed wheelbase ≤2.0m
762.900mm
There should be a reverse slope of not less than 2.5% within one train length before the end of the line; a locomotive and vehicle fixed gauge 2.1m~3.0m, gauge 762, 900mm
The distance from the outer side of the top of the steel rail of the imperial line to the top of the stage slope shall not be less than the provisions of Table 5; Table 5 The distance from the outer side of the top of the rail to the top of the stage slope Ya
The roadbed is stable
At the beginning of the mobile traction network, a power switch should be installed to ensure that the power is turned off before the mobile network. 9.7 The dumping site must have reliable interception, flood control and drainage facilities. Gauge
The hydraulic dumping site must have sufficient flood regulation and storage capacity, and flood control facilities. 9.8 There should be a dedicated person responsible for observation and management of the high-stage dumping site; if dangerous signs are found, effective measures must be taken to deal with them in a timely manner. mm
A large hydraulic dumping site must have a duty room equipped with communication facilities and necessary water level observation, dam body subsidence and displacement observation, dam body flooding line observation and other facilities, and a dedicated person is responsible for regular observation and recording. 9.9 When dumping soil at the dumping site, the danger zone must be marked and warning signs must be set up. No one is allowed to enter the danger zone. 9.10 At the end of the dead-end unloading line, the vehicle block should have a complete barrier indication and light warning. Railway obstacle indicators should be set at the starting and end of the dead-end line. 9.11 The unloading and dumping operations of automobile transportation must comply with the following regulations: There should be a dedicated person to command, and unloading and dumping operations are not allowed to be carried out at the same time in the same section; a.
The unloading and dumping site should always be kept flat and have a reverse slope of 3% to 5%; b.
The edges of the unloading platforms of automobiles, front loaders, and scrapers should have firm and reliable vehicle blocking facilities. 9.12 When trains are running and unloading on the unloading line, the following regulations should be observed:387
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