JB/T 5135.1-2001 General purpose small gasoline engine bench performance test method
Some standard content:
ICS27.020
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
JB/T5135.1-2001
General utility small gasoline engine
Bench performance test method
General utility small gasoline enginePerformance test method
2001-06-22Promulgated
China Machinery Industry Federation
2001-10-01Implementation
JB/T5135.1-2001
This standard is a revision of JB/5135.1-1999 "Bench performance test method for small gasoline engines". In addition to the editorial changes made to the original standard, the main revisions and additions are as follows: - The contents such as power calibration, fuel and oil consumption, and power tolerance are incorporated into JB/T5135.3--2001. 1. Adjust the running-in time before the test and add the recommended running-in specifications. 1. Adjust the method and content of the starting test. Delete the test category and test item table.
Appendix A of this standard is a prompt appendix.
This standard replaces JB/T5135.1-1999 from the date of implementation. This standard is proposed and managed by Tianjin Internal Combustion Engine Research Institute. The responsible drafting unit of this standard: Tianjin Internal Combustion Engine Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard: Wang Haiming, Guo Ping, Wang Weisheng, Zhang Yongde. This standard was first issued in March 1989 as ZBJ91012-89, and the standard number was adjusted to JB/T5135.1-1999 in 1998. This is the first revision.
Standard of the Machinery Industry of the People's Republic of China
General utility small gasoline engine
Bench performance test method
General utility small gasoline enginePerformancetest method
JB/T 5135.1—2001
Replaces JB/T5135.I—1999
This standard specifies the method for performance test of reciprocating piston general utility small gasoline engine (referred to as general utility small gasoline engine, generally refers to general utility gasoline engine not more than 30kW) on the test bench. This standard is applicable to type inspection, periodic inspection, factory inspection, etc. of general utility small gasoline engine. This standard is not applicable to gasoline engines for special purposes such as motorcycle gasoline engine and outdoor engine. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and the parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest version of the following standards. GB/T 725—1991
GB/T 1105—1987
GB/T1883—1989
GB 3100—1993
JB/T·5135.3--2001
3 Terms and symbols
Rules for compiling product names and models of internal combustion engines Test methods for bench performance of internal combustion engines
Terms of reciprocating piston internal combustion engines
International System of Units and its application
Technical conditions for general small gasoline engines
The terms and symbols in this standard shall comply with the provisions of GB/T725, GB/T1105, GB/T1883 and GB3100. 4 Standard environmental conditions, power correction
4.1 Standard environmental conditions
According to the provisions of GB/T1105-1987, the standard environmental conditions are: atmospheric pressure: P=100kPa (750mmHg); relative humidity:. *30%;
Environmental temperature: T298K (25℃)
4.2 Correction of effective power of general small gasoline engines4.2.1 When a general small gasoline engine is running under non-standard conditions, its effective power should be corrected to the standard environmental conditions. If necessary, it can also be corrected from the standard conditions to the on-site environmental conditions. 4.2.2 Correction of effective power
Use formula (1) to correct effective power:
Approved by China Machinery Industry Federation on June 22, 2001 and implemented on October 1, 2001
Where: α,
-Correction coefficient:
JB/T5135.1-2001
P. Effective power under standard environmental conditions, kW; P-effective power under on-site environmental conditions, kW. Correction coefficient is calculated using formula (2):
Where: p,\p-Φpw
pAtmospheric pressure under on-site environmental conditions, kPa: Pw
-Saturated vapor pressure under on-site environmental conditions, kPa-Relative humidity at on-site ambient temperature; T-On-site ambient temperature, K.
Formula (2) is applicable only when 0.93≤α,≤1.07 and 288K≤T≤308K and 80kPa (600mmHg)≤p,≤110kPa (825mmHg); otherwise, the on-site environmental conditions during the test should be described in detail in the test report. 5 Parameter measurement and instrument accuracy requirements
5.1 Torque
Dynamometer accuracy requirements: ±1% of the maximum scale value, and the front 1/8 range of the dynamometer scale is not allowed. 5.2 Speed
Tachometer accuracy requirements: 0.5%.
5.3 Fuel consumption
Measured by volumetric method, volumetric accuracy ±2%; time accuracy ±0.1s. 5.4 Atmospheric conditions and relative humidity
Atmospheric pressure, temperature and relative humidity should be measured in a place in the test room that is not affected by direct sunlight, radiant heat from general small gasoline engines and exhaust. Atmospheric pressure is measured by mercury barometer or other suitable type of barometer: accuracy requirement is ±70Pa (±0.5mmHg), temperature and relative humidity are measured by thermometer and dry and wet bulb thermometer, the accuracy of thermometer is ±1K (±1℃). 5.5 Other parameter measurement and instrument accuracy requirements shall comply with the provisions of GB/T1105. 5.6 Intake temperature is measured at the air filter port, and exhaust temperature is measured by pyrometer at five times the diameter after the exhaust port. 6 Test conditions
6.1 Accessories
During the test, the general-purpose small gasoline engine shall be equipped with all necessary accessories, and the names of the accessories shall be recorded in detail in the corresponding test record sheet or test report.
If the original exhaust pipe and muffler cannot be installed on the test bench, the exhaust pipe resistance used shall be equivalent to the resistance of the original exhaust pipe and muffler.
6.2 Cooling
Water-cooled general-purpose small gasoline engines and forced air-cooled general-purpose small gasoline engines shall be cooled by their own cooling system, and no cooling air source or cooling medium shall be added.
6.3 Running-in
JB/T5135.1-2001
Before the test, general-purpose small gasoline engines can be run-in according to the running-in specifications recommended by the manufacturer. During the acceptance test, the manufacturer and the orderer can also negotiate and formulate the running-in specifications. If the manufacturer has no regulations, general-purpose small gasoline engines with rated maximum power, 15min power and 1h power can refer to Table 1 for two cycles of running-in: general-purpose small gasoline engines with rated continuous power and 12h power can refer to Table 2 for running-in. The running-in time for spot check tests generally does not exceed 10h.
《Rated speed percentage）
（Rated speed percentage）
6.4 Adjustment of general-purpose small gasoline engines
（Rated power percentage）
（Rated power percentage）
Before the final inspection, the carburetor, ignition advance angle, breaker contact gap, spark plug electrode gap, intake and exhaust 6.4.1
door gap, etc. should be adjusted as required
6.4.2 Before the regular inspection, the general-purpose small gasoline engine can be inspected according to the provisions of the relevant technical documents. If necessary, a one-time adjustment can be made, but a record should be made and no further adjustment should be made during the test. When the altitude does not meet the requirements, the general-purpose small gasoline engine with a fixed-hole carburetor can replace the main metering hole according to the instructions. 6.4.3 During the factory inspection, the carburetor, ignition advance angle, breaker contact gap, etc. should be inspected and adjusted according to the technical documents to ensure that the carburetor, ignition advance angle, breaker contact gap, etc. reach the specified values.
6.5 The fuel and lubricating oil used in the test shall be of the brand specified by the manufacturer. 6.6 The cooling water temperature, lubricating oil pressure and temperature of the general-purpose small gasoline engine shall be in accordance with the regulations of the manufacturer. 7 Test method
Starting performance test
Check whether the starting performance of the general-purpose small gasoline engine meets the regulations. During the starting test, the general-purpose small gasoline engine shall not carry any load and shall be started according to the method specified in the operating and maintenance instructions. The general-purpose small gasoline engine shall start automatically within 30 seconds, which is considered a successful start. JB/T 5135.1—2001
During the test, the environmental parameters, the temperature of the cooling medium and lubricating oil of the general-purpose small gasoline engine, and the time taken for starting are measured. For general-purpose small gasoline engines with two starting methods, both methods are tested, and the worse one shall prevail. 7.1.1 Normal temperature starting test
It is carried out in an ambient temperature of 268~313K according to the method specified in the operating and maintenance instructions. 7.1.2 Hot engine starting test
The test is carried out in the ambient temperature specified in the technical documents. General-purpose small gasoline engines with rated power of continuous power, 12h power and 1h power are operated continuously for 1h under the rated working conditions; general-purpose small gasoline engines with rated power of 15min power are operated continuously for 1h at 90% of the rated power at the rated speed; general-purpose small gasoline engines with rated power of maximum power are operated continuously for 1h at 80% of the rated power at the rated speed. Then use the brake load of the dynamometer to stop the engine, unload the load, and start immediately according to the starting method specified in the maintenance manual. 7.1.3 Low temperature starting test
It is carried out in a test environment not higher than 268K. First, make the general small gasoline engine heat balanced in the test environment so that the temperature difference between its fuel, lubricating oil and coolant and the test environment is within ±1K, and then start it according to the method specified in the maintenance manual. The ambient temperature during the low temperature starting test can be determined by the manufacturer and the user based on the needs. 7.2 Minimum no-load stable speed (rapid speed) test Check and adjust the minimum no-load stable speed (speed). During the test, do not connect the dynamometer, gradually close the carburetor throttle position, alternately adjust the speed mixture adjustment screw and the throttle rapid limit screw, so that the general small gasoline engine reaches the minimum no-load stable speed and runs for 5.min, measure the speed once a minute, calculate the average value and fluctuation rate of six times, and then suddenly open the throttle, the general small gasoline engine should not stall. 7.3 No-load characteristic test
Determine the relationship between the fuel consumption and speed change of a general-purpose small gasoline engine when it is no-load. During the test, the dynamometer is not connected, and the speed is gradually increased from the lowest speed to the rated speed. During the test, several points (not less than 6 points) are evenly distributed, and the fuel consumption at each speed is measured respectively, and the no-load characteristic curve is drawn. 7.4 Rated power check
Check whether the general-purpose small gasoline engine reaches the specified power. At the rated power speed, gradually increase the throttle opening and load to make the general-purpose small gasoline engine reach the rated power. Under the rated working conditions, according to the provisions of different power calibration, the engine is continuously operated for the specified time. The throttle can be adjusted during the test so that the power value of the general-purpose small gasoline engine is not less than the rated power value. 7.4.1 When testing a general-purpose small gasoline engine with a rated power of maximum power, the general-purpose small gasoline engine is continuously operated for 5 minutes under the rated working conditions, and the main test parameters of the general-purpose small gasoline engine are measured once at the beginning and end.
7.4.2 When testing a general-purpose small gasoline engine with a rated power of 15min, the general-purpose small gasoline engine shall be operated continuously for 15min under the rated working conditions, and the main test parameters of the general-purpose small gasoline engine shall be measured every 5min.
7.4.3 When testing a general-purpose small gasoline engine with a rated power of 1h, the general-purpose small gasoline engine shall be operated continuously for 1h under the rated working conditions, and the main test parameters of the general-purpose small gasoline engine shall be measured every 15min.
JB/T 5135.1—2001
7.4.4 When testing a general-purpose small gasoline engine with a rated power of 12h power, the general-purpose small gasoline engine shall be operated continuously for 12h under the rated working conditions, including 110% rated power overload operation for 1h after the measurement, and the changes in the main test parameters of the general-purpose small gasoline engine shall be measured every 1h (measured every 30min under overload conditions).
7.4.5 When testing a general-purpose small gasoline engine with a rated power of continuous power, the general-purpose small gasoline engine shall be operated continuously for 24h under the rated working conditions, including 110% rated power overload operation for the last 1h of each 12h operation period, and the changes in the main test parameters of the general-purpose small gasoline engine shall be measured every 1h (measured every 30min under overload conditions). Measure once every 30 minutes).
7.5 Speed characteristic test (external characteristics, partial speed characteristics) The purpose is to determine the law of changes in the main parameters of general small gasoline engines as the speed changes. When doing the external characteristics test, fix the throttle at the fully open position. When doing the partial speed characteristics, fix the throttle at the following positions: rated power, 90% rated power, 75% rated power, 50% rated power, 25% rated power (this operating point can be adjusted appropriately according to actual conditions) at the rated speed. If necessary, the overload power position at the rated speed can also be performed. Gradually increase the load and reduce the speed. Select no less than 6 speed points within the stable speed range (when the throttle is in the fully open position, it should include the rated speed point, the maximum torque speed point and the minimum fuel speed point). Fuel consumption rate speed point) measures the speed, torque, fuel consumption, intake temperature, cooling medium temperature, lubricating oil temperature, exhaust temperature, spark plug gasket temperature, lubricating oil pressure and other parameters, calculates the fuel consumption rate, and draws the above characteristic curves respectively. 7.6 Load characteristic test
At the specified speed, determine the law of change of various main performance indicators of general small gasoline engines with load. During the test, the general small gasoline engine is maintained at the calibrated speed or other specified speed, and the load is gradually increased from small to maximum. The measuring points are appropriately distributed (at least 110%, 100%, 90%, 75%, 50% and 25% of the calibrated power points) to measure its speed, torque, fuel consumption and intake temperature, cooling medium temperature, lubricating oil temperature , exhaust temperature, spark plug gasket temperature, lubricating oil pressure and other parameters, calculate the fuel consumption rate, and draw the load characteristic curve. 7.7 Speed regulation performance test
Measure the speed regulation performance of general small gasoline engines. Only carried out on general small gasoline engines with speed governors. The speed regulation performance under the calibrated working condition is measured, and the speed regulation performance under the overload working condition is measured when necessary. 7.7.1 Speed regulation characteristic test
During the test, the general small gasoline engine is allowed to operate stably under the calibrated working condition or the overload working condition, and all loads are removed to make its speed reach the highest no-load stable speed or the highest no-load stable speed of the overload power, and then the load is gradually increased until the above working conditions. Under each load, the speed, torque, fuel consumption and other parameters are measured respectively, and the speed regulation characteristic curve is drawn. The stable speed regulation of a general small gasoline engine under the rated working condition or overload power working condition is calculated according to formula (3) and formula (4) respectively: 8mm two-wire × 100%
; --x100%
Wherein: na-maximum no-load stable speed, r/min: nmx-maximum no-load stable speed of overload power, /min; n-rated speed, r/min:
n,——overload power speed, T/min. (3)
7.7.2 Instantaneous speed regulation
7.7.2.1 Sudden load reduction test
JB/T5135.1-2001
During the test, the general-purpose small gasoline engine is running stably under the rated working condition or overload power working condition. Suddenly, all the load is unloaded and the relationship between the speed of the general-purpose small gasoline engine and time is measured (Figure 1), (minus 100% load)
n (or n
no (or n
T (time)
The instantaneous speed regulation of the general-purpose small gasoline engine under the rated working condition or overload power working condition is calculated according to formula (5) and formula (6) respectively: 8;-mm two wire × 100%
Where: n..
The maximum instantaneous speed when the load is suddenly reduced under the rated working condition, r/min; the maximum instantaneous speed when the load is suddenly reduced under the overload power working condition, r/min. 7.7.2.2 Sudden load test
During the test, the general-purpose small gasoline engine is running stably at the highest no-load stable speed or the highest no-load stable speed of overload power, and then the full load is suddenly added to measure the relationship between the speed of the general-purpose small gasoline engine and time (Figure 2) 5, (100% load increase)
Nraw (or nm
n (or n)
na (or n
work (time)
JB/T5135.1-2001
The sudden load instantaneous speed of the general-purpose small gasoline engine under the rated working condition or overload power working condition is calculated according to formula (7) and formula (8) respectively: 5
Where: n——the lowest instantaneous speed of the sudden load under the rated working condition, r/min; n——the lowest instantaneous speed of the sudden load under the overload power working condition, T/min. 7.7.2.3 Stabilization time
After a sudden increase in load, the speed of a general-purpose small gasoline engine will change suddenly. The time required for the speed to return to the rated speed or the fluctuation range of the overload power speed from the point where the speed just deviates from the fluctuation range of the highest no-load stable speed or the highest no-load stable speed of the overload power speed is the stabilization time. Similarly, after a sudden decrease in load, the speed of a general-purpose small gasoline engine will also change suddenly. The time required for the speed to return to the highest no-load stable speed or the fluctuation range of the highest no-load stable speed of the overload power speed from the point where the speed just deviates from the fluctuation range of the rated speed or the overload power speed is the stabilization time (in Figures 1 and 2), and the unit of the stabilization time is expressed in seconds. 7.7.3 Speed fluctuation rate and speed change rate
To determine the degree of speed change of a general-purpose small gasoline engine during stable operation, the general-purpose small gasoline engine is operated for a certain period of time (not less than 2 minutes) under the calibrated working conditions during the test, and its speed fluctuation rate or speed change rate is measured. The speed fluctuation rate is calculated according to formula (9):
(or n)-
The speed change rate is calculated according to formula (10): bzxZ.net
@=mnm × 100%
Where: .nsmw—-the highest speed during the measurement period, r/min; nemi—the lowest speed during the measurement period, r/min; n the average speed during the measurement period, t/min. 7.8 Minimum T. Stable speed measurement
Determine the minimum stable working speed of a general small gasoline engine. (9)
During the test, the throttle of a general small gasoline engine is fully opened, and the load is gradually changed from the calibrated speed to reduce the speed to reach the minimum stable working speed, and it can run stably at this speed. This test can be combined with the external characteristic test. 7.9 Universal characteristic test
Determine the relationship between the main parameters under various working conditions. Use the speed characteristic method or the load characteristic method to conduct the universal characteristic test. Choose one of the two. 7.9.1 Speed characteristic method: According to the percentage of rated power, select more than 8 throttle openings at the rated speed, and carry out speed characteristic test at the selected throttle openings in accordance with the provisions of 7.8, and respectively prepare speed characteristic curves at various throttle openings. 7.9.2 Load characteristic method: Within the speed range where a general-purpose small gasoline engine can operate stably, select more than 8 speeds (including the rated speed, maximum torque speed, and minimum fuel consumption speed) to keep the speed of the general-purpose small gasoline engine unchanged, and carry out load characteristic test in accordance with the provisions of 7.5, and prepare load characteristic curves at different speeds.
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