GB/T 8427-1998 Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Colour fastness to artificial light: Xenon arc fading lamp
Some standard content:
1Cs_59.080.30
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T8426-8427—1998
CB/T8429-~8431—1998
GB/T 8433-~8441—1998
Textiles
Color fastness test
Textiles-Tesls for colour Issued on November 26, 1998, implemented on May 1, 1999, issued by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision, GR/TB427—1998. This standard is based on GB/T 8427—1987 and is revised based on GB/T 8427—1987. The revised text is equivalent to ISO 15B02:1014. This time, the G/T842?—1987 standard has been revised as follows: 1. According to G/T1.1-1953 and the 1995.1.12 fuel modification notice, the cover title is revised and the writing format is: Add "Foreword and ISO Foreword:
2. According to the IS05 editing procedure, Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 of the dyeing and dyeing procedures are exchanged, and the application scope of the standard is expanded, such as the test content of white hazardous (white fluorescent element whitening? textile products), 4. The same blue wool standard [.2~1.9. 5. The water-cooled lighting lamp is added in the first chapter, and the standard for the evaluation of the output of the wool lamp is added. Shooting bucket and other contents, 6, test sample chapter 1 adds water-cooled test section test sample and pile sample requirements: 7, separate the account bad conditions and equipment conditions, write a separate chapter, and add the national call condition R, and add the memory of "no equipment needs to run continuously until the test is completed" in the non-exploratory program. 9. The second stage of the mother side 2 is changed from two to four, the first stage is changed to blue wool standard 2 wine some gray card 3 or 12 oh to gray card 4 goods, the second stage is changed to blue wool standard 3 or work 3 to ask card 1. The first acceptance is difficult to monitor the sheep standard 4 or work to 4. The fourth stage is the same as the second stage of the original national case standard, and [$0 105-1132, the original note 4 in \a) and 15]. .... \ changed to \b) and e>-\, the original note is wrong:
10. The original national standard method 3 and method 4 are collected. The method 5 in the original national standard is the ancient method 4. Newly added: method 3 and method 5
2. The content of the test report is increased.
12, Appendix A (Appendix of standard chain), Appendix (Appendix of standard sieve) and Appendix C (Appendix of millimeter) are added, and the original table appendix is removed. 13. The unit of length is changed to m||t This standard shall be issued by the China Textile Industry Association from the date of implementation. This standard is issued by the China Textile Industry Association: This standard was jointly drafted by the Standardization Research Institute of the China Textile Industry Association, the Shanghai Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Supervision Institute, the Shanghai Wool and Linen Textile Science and Technology Research Institute, and the Shanghai Textile Industry Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Li Zhisi, Li Dun, Zhang Qipingmin, Fu Xinzang, Li, and Li Nong. The standard was first issued in 198 and revised in 1098. GB/T 8427—1996
ISO Foreword
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is an international alliance of national standard organizations (ISO members): International standard work is usually carried out by TS technical committees. Each member has an interest in a project established by a technical committee and is eligible to participate in the committee. The ISO Center is closely linked to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in the planning of the electrical equipment technical standards.
The draft international standard submitted by the technical committee is circulated to the members for voting. Some of the above requirements are required to be issued as international standards. This fourth edition of the International Standard 150105 Free 02 [S0 C38/SC1 Textile Machinery Products Specifications for Colored Textile Products and Dyeing Products] has been revised and cancels and replaces the third edition (15105-B02: 1985). 15125 has been published in 13 parts, each part is represented by a letter ("part A"), the original version is 1978 to 1981. Each part consists of 13 parts, each part is represented by a two-digit number (A01) corresponding to the content of the part. These revisions are published as separate documents, with the original "part" letters retained unchanged. S) 15125-A01 has been revised in all dates. Appendix A and Appendix JG are an auxiliary part of this standard: Appendix C is an appendix of rate indication, 11
1 Fan Guo
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Textiles
Colour fastness test
Colour fastness to artificial light Oxygen arc
Texilea—Tesis For colour fastness-Coluur fustness to artistic llghl:Krun arc Fadlug lamp test
GB/T 8427---1998
eqv ISO 105-HC2:1934
feGE/T427987
This standard specifies a method for determining the color change of various types of fabrics equivalent to daylight (D, > human light action color). This standard is applicable to white (original white or fluorescent whitening) products. This standard can use two different sets of color fastness standards, and the results obtained are not completely equivalent. 2 References
The following standards contain the following provisions: The provisions of this standard are only included in this standard through reference in this standard. At the time of publication of this standard, the versions shown are valid: All standards are available. The use of this standard is subject to the use of the following standards. GR250-1%55 color sample card for assessing color change idtIS:05-A02:1993) GB70ISS
Color fastness test for light and air fastness Blue sheep hand cup standard textile products
GK/T 6151-1997
GB/I 8426—1998
GB/T 8431—1998
GB/T$321987
F2/101024-1995
FZ/!:1047—1057
3 Principle
General rules for fastness test S0105-994)
Shrinkage code
Medical fabrics
Electrical fastness test Color fastness: Daylight (egV1S0105-Br::1994) Color fastness test chamber Photochromic degradation inspection and evaluation (enTS005-13 05,1993) Instrumental method for determining the degree of color change of test specimens with color control standards (neg150105-A051992) Standard light source conditions for evaluating the color fastness of textiles (ncc1181) Textile specimens are exposed to sunlight for a period of time together with a set of single-color wool standards in an artificial source, and then the specimens are compared with the blue main wool standard for color change to determine the color change degree
For white (dart white or fluorescent whitening) textiles, the whiteness change of the test specimen is compared with the sheep fly standard to evaluate the color fastness. 4 Standard materials and equipment
4.1 Standard materials
Two sets of single-color wool standards are used, but the results cannot be interchanged. This standard is obtained by comparing the blue wool standard 1~8 or the card standard L2--LU. 4.1. Blue wool standard 15 code G7
4.1.2 Blue wool standard 1.2--1.9 Approved by the State Administration of Quality Control and Technical Supervision in 1998-1126, implemented on May 1, 1999
GB/T 8427--1998
The standard code for blue wool developed and produced by China is 2--9, and there is a letter L before the numbers. These eight color wool standards are made of C1MordsnBue1 (Dye Index 3rd Edition, 3830) color wool and Salubi.izcdVatlueB (Dye Index 2nd Edition, 7381) color wool with different energy ratios. The light fastness of each high-numbered blue wool standard is half a degree faster than the previous number.
4.1.3 Humidity control standard sample; should comply with GB/T132. 4.2 Equipment
4.2.1 Arc lamp: air-cooled or water-cooled
The sample and the color wool standard are exposed to the sun in any of the two types of equipment (see 4.2.II minus 4.2.1.2). The light intensity difference on the surface of the sample blue flat wool standard after washing and changing does not exceed 10% of the half-tooth value: radiation (single pull area bottle radiation age> vehicle radiation leaf (4.2.6) The recommended power is 42W/m (wavelength 500nm~40Wnm) and the recommended power is 1.1/m (wavelength 420nm). The distance between the lamp and the sample surface and the standard surface of the color monitoring wool must be kept equal. 4.2.1.1 Air-cooled low-sub lamp: The following components are assembled (see Appendix A). :) Light source: installed in the warehouse of the communication station, the light source is embedded in the channel lamp, the relevant package temperature is ≤00K~6500K, the size is determined by the model:
) Nano-radiator: In order to ensure that the light source and the test and blue wool standards are between, the media purity is stably reduced, the filter glass used has a dust penetration of at least 99% between 380nm~750m; at 310nm--320m, it should be reduced to 0) The filter efficiency is between the light exposure and the color wool standards, which can stably reduce the amount or light content of infrared radiation (then A1.1A2.2),
If a water filter is used to eliminate excess infrared radiation, the temperature conditions specified in 4.2 must be met, and regular disinfection is required to prevent unnecessary adjustments caused by dust (,1.4). 4.2.1.2 Water-cooled lamp (Appendix B). The following are the components: a) Light source: Installed in a well-ventilated exposure chamber, the light source is a luminous lamp, the color is 50K650K+, and the size is clear.
Ideal light source: including inner and outer filters or glass to guide the cooling water screen, the light source is tested to be between the color of the standard and the normal infrared spectrum is stable attenuated, and the requirements of 6.1a) and 6.1b are as follows: inner and outer infrared filters and a window glass. The transmittance of the filter system is at least 9% between 3~50m and drops to 1.5% between 310m~32m (see 6.2). The inner layer is silicon and the outer layer is transparent calcium glass. This can block the lower wavelength spectral radiation, so that the spectral radiation reaching the sample is equal to that of the human body after a magnetic shielding. C) Wave heater, water circulates between the inner and outer glass of the xenon lamp, and is cooled by the heat exchange device (see BL.1). 4.2.2 Object: opaque material, such as hard cover of aluminum sheet, part of the sample and blue wool standard 4.2.3 Sensor: photometric meter (HP) or standard black microthermometer, the temperature control standard increases by 3: the maximum production standard black or 50C can be 4. 2.3.).
) limit: for the "will ride the sample during the mother wine for the wet virtual do the sensibility, he can use the following limit, 1 low effective virtual: the control standard select 6~7 level, the highest standard black extreme and 65Y2 and effective humidity, wet virtual should be made standard sample 2 absorption, the maximum standard humidity required plate 45 heart 11 use the version through the production plan 1: 4.2.3 use the standard humidity required plate 45 heart 11 lower than the standard item 114.2.3-2 5 heart, 6-2 related to the country's attention conditions: this part lacks the use of 4-_.2 specified color monitoring sheep G standard 1.2~T.9 required version photography (1 gram 1..1. The protector controls the humidity inside the whole 30 some 5. Low effective humidity, the color extension of the humidity control standard sample is G7 Yi|| 7.1.1 Check that the equipment is in good working order: 7.1.2 Place the 45 mm x 1 m standard tape (41.3) and the blue standard (4.1.1 or 4.1.2) on the hard card, and place the test specimens as far as possible. 7.1.3 Arrange the test specimens on the equipment in a vertical position: all test specimens should be placed in the empty space, and the test specimens should be placed in the empty space. 7.1.3 Continue to operate the test specimens until the test is completed or until the test is completed, unless a light or lamp is required. The filters inside and outside the lamp tube have expired and should be replaced within the specified period.
7.1.5 Expose part of the humidity control standard sample and the color monitoring standard sample to the sun for a short time until the humidity control standard sample is exposed to the sun. The color difference method of part of the sample is as follows:
1.6 Evaluate the light fastness of the standard sample according to the proportional step color card. If necessary, adjust the control function of the equipment to keep the blackboard temperature (blackboard model) at the specified period. 7.2 Exposure method
Under the appropriate conditions, a group of samples (variable-a group of samples> and the color monitoring standard are carried out at the same time. The method is to eliminate the method It is known that the color fastness of each test piece can be compared with the color of the wool you choose to evaluate the accuracy of the heat and light resistance of the test piece. The test should be carried out in the same way as the original work. In addition to the new standard single color wool, the blue standard must be passed through the middle of the net through one or half of the force method 7.2.1 method 1
7.2.1.1≤force method is recognized and then developed accurately. When the H dust rating is controversial, it is always adopted. Its characteristics are to control the color of the test piece by checking the sample. The following accessories are made under the same color belt
7.7.1.7. The sample is arranged as shown in the small figure 1 of the blue wool standard, and the Zong Yi Heng A1 is placed in the test section and the blue single three difficult cattle section GB/T 84271998
one place, according to the conditions specified in the first section, under the light to add. From time to time, lift the trace AB, check the lighting effect of the sample, until the color difference between the sample and the unexposed part reaches the required color sample, 4 warp, use a method to a more evil figure! The (D reverse benefit sample is the left third of the blue beauty standard leek, at this stage, the possibility of causing discoloration (see GB/T M31), piece color (bleaching or light enhancement) textiles continue to restore 7.2.1.5 operation. 7.2.1.3 Continue to return until the color of the slow-exposed and unexposed parts of the sample reaches the gray negative sample card 3 destruction 7.2.1.4 If the blue sheep positive standard, or the color of the work 7 reaches the color sample card 4 level before the sample, then the noise can be stopped. This is for the country when the sample has equal Ding higher than? 1. When the color fastness to light is reduced, it takes a long time to reach the color fastness of the color sample card grade 5. When the color fastness is called fastness or fastness, such a color difference cannot be obtained. Therefore, when the color difference between the blue wool standard? Grass? and the gray wool standard? 4 is equal to that of the gray wool standard? 5, it is effective to use the blue wool standard? 7--LS or the blue wool standard? 7--LS, because the time required to reach this color is long enough to eliminate any error caused by small amount of exposure. 7.2.5 For white products (bleached or light whitened), continue to expose until the color difference between the brown and unexposed parts reaches the double color sample card grade: 7.2.2 Method 2
7.2.2.1 This method is applicable to the test of the sample with large amount of salt. Its basic characteristic is to find out the magnetic barrier period by checking the blue wool standard, and only use a batch of H color-changing wool cup standard samples for testing, so as to save the materials of blue wool cup standard. 7.2.2.2 Samples and color-changing wool standards are arranged as shown in 2. Use the cover material AB to cover the sample and one-tenth of the total length of the blue wool without standard, and expose them to the sun according to the conditions: occasionally lift the mystery object to check the light effect of the blue wool standard: when the blue wool standard color change reaches the standard color change trend of the blue wool standard 1, 2, 3 or J., evaluate the color fastness of the sample at time (this is the preliminary evaluation of the light fastness). Note the photochromic properties of the material in this section (see GET8431). 2.2.3 Place the cover AB vertically and accurately in the original position and continue to dry until the color change on the monitor color standard 3 or LS matches the color sample F:4. Then place another cover CI on the desired hook AB as shown in Figure 7.2.2.4 Continue to dry until the color change reaches the blue standard or gray sample 1.1. Then follow the previous step of drying according to Figure 2, and keep the difference in color. 7-2.2.5 Continue drying until one of the following occurs:) On the monitor color standard? or 1. The color difference produced on the sample reaches two gray samples 4 wrinkles: h) The color difference produced on the sample with the highest light reaches the color sample card grade c) User color medicine Kai product (Cai white becomes fluorescent whitening). The color difference produced on the sample with the highest light resistance reaches the color sample card grade 4. Note 2: 1 and 722. or 7.3.3.4. 7.2.3 This test method is applicable to verify whether it is consistent with its spirit recovery specification. The sample is allowed to be used together with two blue sheep standards, one is the blue fish sheep standard for the short year and one is the blue sheep standard for the short year. In the next call, the three to the same blue type ten customers standard elegant points and sent to the gray card 1 (first stage) and 3 short (third stage color difference: the following color spinning number products [bleaching H or carbon production increase whitening after sun exposure block standard points surface head to the gray sample card 4 on. 7.2.4 parties wait 4
This test is applicable to Ding inspection whether it is equal to the agreed reference sample, allowing the sample to be operated with this quarter comparison column, continuous exposure until the gray sample reaches the gray sample 4 object! Or the color of the surplus. A color red army product (need or diffuse production increase) brain to filial piety sample reaches the effect color card screw.
7. 2. 5.6
This test is suitable for checking whether it is in compliance with the approved radiation performance. The sample can be exposed alone or together with the color standard until the specified radiation dose is reached. Then, take the smaller value together with the blue standard and evaluate the lightfastness according to 8.9.
E.1 When the color difference between the exposed and unexposed parts of the sample reaches the color barrier level 2, the final lightfastness level is calculated. 16
GB/T B427-1998 Standard: H color textiles! H Ci Guang Zeng H), make the final assessment of color fastness to light based on the difference between the drying parts of the sample and the British color sample card level 4, 8.2 Remove all objects, and expose the sample and the color sheet to the standard for two or three sections after the test. Some of them have been read many times, together with the wood exposed to the sun for a suitable period of time (compared with GB5151> compared with the corresponding standard of the sample and monitoring wool). Color. The grading of H-color fabrics (bleached or light-enhanced H) should be done using a human light source (.?.5), unless there is any dispute. The lightfastness of the sample shows a similar color difference between the sample and the standard number of blue wool. If the sample shows a color closer to the standard number of two adjacent blue wool wools, it should be given an intermediate grade, such as 3.4 or L2~L3. If different grades of color difference are evaluated differently, their arithmetic mean can be taken as the test lightfastness color, expressed as the nearest half-grade or whole grade. When the arithmetic mean of the grades is one-fourth of the western range, the adjacent high half-grade or full grade is taken. In order to evaluate the color fastness of the sample to the specified light, the sample should be placed in a dark place and equilibrated in a room for 24 hours (GR/T843, 3.3 If the color of the sample is easier to wrap than the blue wool standard 1 or 1.2, it is rated as 1 or 1.2. B.4 Use a gray frame (about MunsellNi) that is between 1 and 2 gray single card and cover the sample with a cover of the same diameter around the blue wool standard, so that it is easy to compare the color change of the sample and the blue wool standard.5 If the lightfastness is equal to or higher than 4 or L3, this (7.2.2.2) is very important: if the initial rating is 3 or 1.2, then include it in the rating, for example, the rating is 6 (3. The sample also changes color very slightly when the test salt color sheep old standard 3 is just started. After continuing to expose its color fastness, it is equal to the blue half wool standard. 8.6 If the sample has light color change, then the light color rate should be followed by a bracket with the letter L1 inside, which is the photochromic test grade, for example, 6 (P3-4) see B/841. 8.7 "Color change" includes the individual changes in hue, shade, and color, or any combined change of these color characteristics (see G52). 8. Select a specific comparison sample that is compatible with the current blue 1 wool standard (see 7.2.3) (see 7.2.4) --Then compare and evaluate the color fastness of the sample and the standard. If the color change of the sample is not greater than the specified blue card wool standard or the selected sample, the light color fastness is determined as "good"; if the color change of the sample is greater than the specified blue single standard or spring sample, the light color fastness is determined as "poor". 8.9 Method 5 (see 7.2.5) The color fastness is evaluated by comparing with the G250 color change card or color sample card or comparing with the color monitoring wool standard. 9 Test report
The test report should include the following contents:
i) This standard number GB/T8421598.bzxz.net
b) The current details of the sample
c) Method 1 or ancient method 2. Report color fastness number, according to the following changes: 1) Wool single number (using blue single wool standard 1~8) 32) grade and prefix L (using blue scientific standard L2Ls). If the grade is equal to or higher than 4 or 13 and the initial evaluation grade is lower or lower than 1, report the user's number. If the sample has photochromic parts, a number should be added after the negative fastness, fill in the word and then report the grade of the card evaluated by the light test, milk 67P3-2).
1) Method 3 absorbs method 4, report "good" or "poor", and indicate the color monitoring wool standard or reference sample used. ! For method 5, report the light fastness grade and standard radiation time. Use the following expression: single warp number is pushed with blue single wool mark 1--8 times): 2) The letter 1 is placed before the number (Single wool standard 1.2~1.9:3) If the color wool standard is not used, the grade obtained by comparing the color change color sample card specified in GB2: or the number measured by the specified instrument FZT5:521. The equipment used, the conditions and evaluation conditions. 17
A1 Conditions and instructions for use
GR/T B427—1998
Appendix A
(Standard Appendix)
Determination of color fastness to light using air-cooled arc lamp equipment A1.1 Test equipment! See 43) Equipped with an air-cooled xenon arc lamp as the radiation source. Two different models are available. The 15W or 4500W lamp is used: the arc lamp is surrounded by a quartz lampshade and a special cover composed of seven pieces of Hong Kong heat sheets facing the ultraviolet light. The month is stable and the full 1.2.! According to the requirements of the regulations, the space between the filter devices is cooled by air ventilation, and the air discharge is 41.3. The intensity of the refrigerated xenon arc lamp caused by aging will not decrease. After 1 month of use, the frost will be reduced to about 0.01%. It is recommended to replace the filter after heat operation. The most serious deterioration should be replaced, so as to completely eliminate the heat caused by deterioration. The vertical light rate of the product is: A1.4 Place the sample with the folded light on the rotating table and connect it in a circular shape at a specified distance around the vertical xenon lamp. The rotating frame can rotate 150cm per minute, and the test time of 5W random lamp is 459~459, while the 45W is 1800cm*. The air generated by the A1.5 fan directly reaches the test surface through the test chamber. In the 130UW xenon arc lamp equipment, the air can be sprayed or humidified to quickly test the temperature. In the 45W test lamp equipment, a mass spectrometer is used to select water particles to the air, and the relative humidity in the test chamber is controlled by a meter or an electric section measuring panel. 15 Adjust the air supply to the desired value, and make sure that the test conditions are not met. The relative humidity and thickness of the equipment have been specified in the manual: By adjusting the air supply, the humidity and humidity of the test can be affected. In the 4GW gold delay lamp equipment, according to the heating and cooling policy, the test color temperature can be controlled within the standard. A1.7 Install a monitor on the sample rack, with a filter, and measure the energy accumulation radiation between 30Cnm--400cm: According to this standard, the timer should be used regularly, and a whole pair should be used. A2 Supplementary equipment || tt || A2.1 The use of this supplementary equipment is the same as that of A1, and its similarities and differences are as follows A3.2 A2.3. A2.2 This supplementary equipment has a 1500W.200W or 459W lamp of different types, the filter system includes a UV light filter glass mesh and a large piece of filter glass or lampshade. A2.3 When the turntable is relatively large, the 500W and 100W type lamps are not framed or self-rotating. 250W type is better: Appendix R "Standard Radiation Record"
Appendix 1 Use and Instructions for Color Fastness Test with Water-Cooled Xenon Lamp Equipment
B1.1 The test equipment uses 6500W water-format long arc lamp as auxiliary power: All low-light lamps in the product are of the same type, old in 18
GB/T8427-1998
Different types of equipment are used, and lamps with different sizes and powers are used in various types of exposure equipment. According to the size of the sample, the sample can be illuminated when it is installed on the test fence. R1.2 The rainbow lamp consists of a lamp supervisor, an inner filter glass and necessary accessories. In the following circumstances, glass filters are installed to reduce external light loss. When conducting color grading tests, the inner layer of the glass filter is more effective than the outer layer to block short and long light. The effect is close to that of window glass. When the instrument is operated according to the operation method, the outer filter glass should be replaced after 21 hours of reuse, and the inner filter glass should be replaced after 40 hours of use. According to 6.1.1) and ), a glass cover is used to select the inner and outer filter F. Some lamps have a reduced power after use, and the power cannot be maintained at 1. W/(m, nm) at a wave length of K420nm. When the multi-effect lamp is replaced, the book. 3 All extended-duty lamps are equipped with suitable starters, transformers and folding indicators and control devices. The xenon lamp can be selected either automatically or automatically. When the automatic control is working, the lamp power needs to be adjusted regularly to ensure that the power is 1. W/(m, nm) at 42Im. B1.4 In order to cool the lamp, the water is circulated through the lamp group at a flow rate of about 378 degrees. The components are purified by the ion exchanger in front of the xenon lamp. The ambient water in the lamp is cooled by the gas exchanger and then completely cleaned. The fuel tank uses water as the refrigerant.
B1.5 The purification equipment is located in a nanoheat box: to minimize the influence of temperature changes. The indoor air provided by the blast system passes through the test chamber and then passes through the test chamber. The air and channel temperature are automatically adjusted by mixing the hot air circulated from the test chamber with the indoor cooling air to maintain the test chamber temperature. The test bin should be relatively humid and the moisture should be strictly controlled. The air should not be exhausted through the bottom of the test chamber. The air should be replenished when the air is humidified. H.5 The lamp should not be installed in the center of the test rack. The sample should be installed in the center of the test rack on a vertical or inclined support. The xenon lamp should be rotated around the test rack to make the effective light in the vertical direction and on the surface of the sample. H1. The equipment should be equipped with a fixed exposure time. The instrument should be equipped with a light monitoring device. When the fixed exposure time is reached, the industry should shut down:
.8 All equipment in this area shall have a monitoring/controlling radiometer to control the sun's insolation, and shall measure the total outdoor light with an interference filter. The radiometer shall use a photoelectric control device with a wavelength tolerance of no more than 2, a 12n-high anti-interference method, and shall be capable of measuring, recording, and recording single-unit integrated radiance. The monitor shall automatically maintain constant illuminance values, provide an equivalent transmission of the source, and output the output (A1 meter section: I = 3.
Where: H---explosive radiation, J/m
May--light illumination, W/m
——time, h
3. Conversion number k--).
Single-port instrument with set counting integrator radiation certificate, in k/m\ as the unit, used with noise equipment, light sample reaches the first modified entertainment trap when the test: When the radiometer is used according to the force method, it should be regularly adjusted, light down or manufactured! Calibration equipment provided: B2 Use of supplementary equipment
B2.1 The missing parts and instructions of this supplementary equipment are similar to those described in 11, but the lamp intelligence is only one time, as listed in B2.2.B2.2.H1.: The supplementary plastic lamps outside the model have 2:0C.1530 and 6500W.C
(indicated)
General description of lightfastness
C1 Textiles should be kept under light during use. Light can damage the dyeing process and thus cause the well-known "color limiter" effect, causing the colored fabric to change color. The dyes used in the anti-reflection industry have poor light fastness and require some method to determine their color fastness. 19
In addition, the frame will also affect the claimed lightfastness. GB/TB427-1998
This standard cannot satisfy all parties concerned (from dye manufacturers, textile industry to wholesalers and consumers). Fourth, it is not technically incomplete. Therefore, it may be difficult for many people concerned to understand the standard:
(2) The following non-technical test instructions are formulated for people who need to understand the technical details of this standard. The test method is to expose the test cloth groups with different fastness blue dyed with different fastness blue wool standard at the same time and under the same conditions. When the cloth samples have faded sufficiently, they are compared with the blue wool standard. If the cloth samples fade slowly with the blue wool standard, then its color will not fade. These fastness standards should cover a wide range, for some samples will change colour noticeably after 2-3 days of exposure to strong summer sun, while others may survive years of exposure without change, and these materials are in fact more durable than the fabrics they are made of. There are eight colour fastness standards in use: blue wool standard 1 for colourfastness, blue wool standard 5 for lightfastness, and blue wool standard 4 for lightfastness. If a single colour needs three times the same conditions to produce the same degree of colour under the same conditions, then blue wool standard 3 will take about half the time, while blue wool standard 5 will take twice as long. C4 must ensure that when testing similar materials, people make their assessments against the same colour standards. In order to make the materials reach the same color level before, there are great differences in the recognition of "color-enhanced products" in the final analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to try two different color levels that can be seen by most people: so that the evaluation is more reliable. The so-called color-enhanced level is determined by comparing the color difference samples under the color sample (gray sample: three levels of light color difference, color sample 1 equals the largest color difference). In this way, the gray sample card can be used to determine the color degree, and the blue single wool standard can be used to determine the color grade of the year. The counting basis is household and product color. Such rules are complicated. In fact, some fabric samples will indeed change very quickly under the influence of alcohol, but they will no longer change for a long time. These slight changes are in the normal It is rarely noticed under normal use, but under certain conditions, this slight change becomes very important, as shown in the following example: the dealer puts a product in the room and puts a cardboard label with a price on the fabric. After a few days, the label is removed and a careful inspection can identify the place where the label was placed. The fabric around the label has been affected by the fabric. This kind of color change is easy to occur due to the age of the fabric. At the same time, the blue label is difficult to detect. Similarly, the color fastness of the package is: This and the slight color change are the above factors. There is a clear boundary between the color change and the color change, and this product rarely appears in normal use. This slight color change can be used as an additional assessment period. For example, a coin is rated T(2). The 2 in brackets is the slightest noticeable color change, which is equivalent to the blue standard 2. In addition, there is a high lightfastness color rate of 7
C5. There is also an unacceptable color change, that is, the photochromic phenomenon, which must be noted. This effect is manifested in that the dye will change color when exposed to strong light, and when it is transferred to a slightly different place, it will completely return to its original bright color. The degree of color change caused by light is determined by a special test method specified in B/31, and is represented by the letter P (which refers to the photochromic effect of the color sample under 2, the permanent color change is equal to the blue wool standard 6. Finally, there are many tests that can be performed slowly over a long period of time. For example, yellow can change to brown, or the color can change to blue. There has been much debate in the past about how these colors can be achieved. On this point, the method used in the GH/F8426 to GH/F8431 documents is very clear: whether it is color pressure or hue The color difference of the fabric samples is evaluated by monthly measurement, and any relative changes are also included in the standard. For example, when two colors are added in succession, the color changes of the two samples are similar to the visual standard of 1 color, but one changes to light blue: and the other changes to blue-green: and then becomes pure blue. The former should be evaluated as "relatively high", while the latter should be evaluated as "relatively low". In this example, the method used by GB3/8426 to GB8430 is to try to express the changes of the fabric samples in the process of adding color as completely as possible without excessively explaining it.There is also a phenomenon called photochromism, which is an effect that occurs when the dye is exposed to strong light and changes color when it is transferred to a slightly darker area. The degree of light color change is determined by a special test method specified in B/F 31 and is indicated by the letter P above the number (e.g., the photochromic effect is a permanent change in color when the color is tested under 2 hours of exposure, which is equal to the standard blue wool color of 6 hours). Finally, there are many tests that can be performed over a long period of time, for example, yellow can change to brown, or blue can change to blue. There has been much debate in the past about how this can be achieved. The method used in GH/F 8426 to GH/F 8431 is very clear on this point: whether it is color pressure or hue, The color difference of the fabric samples is evaluated by monthly measurement, and any relative changes are also included in the standard. For example, when two colors are added in succession, the color changes of the two samples are similar to the visual standard of 1 color, but one changes to light blue: and the other changes to blue-green: and then becomes pure blue. The former should be evaluated as "relatively high", while the latter should be evaluated as "relatively low". In this example, the method used by GB3/8426 to GB8430 is to try to express the changes of the fabric samples in the process of adding color as completely as possible without excessively explaining it.There is also a phenomenon called photochromism, which is an effect that occurs when the dye is exposed to strong light and changes color when it is transferred to a slightly darker area. The degree of light color change is determined by a special test method specified in B/F 31 and is indicated by the letter P above the number (e.g., the photochromic effect is a permanent change in color when the color is tested under 2 hours of exposure, which is equal to the standard blue wool color of 6 hours). Finally, there are many tests that can be performed over a long period of time, for example, yellow can change to brown, or blue can change to blue. There has been much debate in the past about how this can be achieved. The method used in GH/F 8426 to GH/F 8431 is very clear on this point: whether it is color pressure or hue, The color difference of the fabric samples is evaluated by monthly measurement, and any relative changes are also included in the standard. For example, when two colors are added in succession, the color changes of the two samples are similar to the visual standard of 1 color, but one changes to light blue: and the other changes to blue-green: and then becomes pure blue. The former should be evaluated as "relatively high", while the latter should be evaluated as "relatively low". In this example, the method used by GB3/8426 to GB8430 is to try to express the changes of the fabric samples in the process of adding color as completely as possible without excessively explaining it.
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