Some standard content:
ICS13.300;13.020
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T27851—2011
Chemicals
Terrestrial plants
Growth vitality test
Chemicals--Terreslrial plant test-Vegetative vigour tesPublished on 2011-12-30
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of ChinaStandardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Implemented on 2012-08-01
GB/T 27851—2011
Terms and Definitions
Information on Test Substances
Quality Assurance and Quality Control
Reference Substances
Test Methods
Test Procedures
Data and Report
Appendix A (Informative) Plant Species Required for the TestAppendix B (Informative)
Appendix C (Informative)
References
Non-crop Plant Species
Examples of Suitable Growth Conditions for Some Crops
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This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. GB/T 27851—2011
This standard has the same technical content as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals 227 (2006) Terrestrial Plant Growth Vigor Test (English Version).
This standard has made the following structural and editorial changes: the content of the preface is used as the introduction content;
The definition of source Appendix A is adjusted to the main text content, and the relevant content of seed suppliers in the original Appendix C is deleted: the counting unit is changed to the legal measurement unit of my country. This standard is proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Hazardous Chemicals Management (SAC/TC251). The drafting units of this standard are: Guangdong Microbiological Analysis and Testing Center, Chemical Registration Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, China Inspection and Quarantine Scientific Research Institute, and Pony Testing Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard are Liang Yanzhen, Mei Chengfang, Chu Hong, Sun Guoping, Zhang Hongtao, Liu Chunxin, Chen Huiming, and Chen Jinlin. I
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GB/T 27851—2011
With the progress of science and the applicability of the application of the ED chemical source test will be regularly reviewed. This standard is based on the OECD208C1 standard and is intended to evaluate the potential effects of the test substance on the growth vitality of the above-ground part of terrestrial plants. This test itself does not include all chronic effects on plants and effects on reproduction (such as fruiting, flowering, and fruit ripening). The exposure conditions (usage conditions) and the properties of the test substance should be considered to ensure the use of appropriate test methods. This standard is applicable to general chemical substances, biocides and pesticides (also known as plant protection agents or tea insecticides). The standard is developed based on OECD20811-21 and other existing methods, and also refers to other literature related to plant tests [9-12]. T
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1 Scope
Chemicals,
Test for growth vigor of terrestrial plants
GB/T 27851—2011
This standard specifies the method for evaluating the potential effects of the test substance on the growth vigor of the above-ground part of terrestrial plants, excluding all chronic effects on plants and effects on reproduction (such as fruiting, flowering, fruit ripening). This standard applies to general chemical substances crop protection agents or pesticides. 2 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document. 2.1
Crop protection products (CPPs) or plant protection products (PPPs) or pesticides
A substance with special biological activity specifically used to protect crops from pathogens (such as fungi, insects, weeds). 2. 2
Effect concentration or effect rate x% effect concentration or x% effect rate, ECx, ERx, relative to the control, at which the observed endpoint % is affected (e.g., the weight of the aboveground plant is reduced, the number of surviving plants, or the concentration or ratio at which the plant appearance is affected by 25% or 50%, EC25/ER or EC50/ER, respectively). 2.3
Eniergence
The emergence of the coleoptile or cotyledon from the soil surface.
Formulation
The commercially formulated product containing the active ingredient, also known as the final product or terminal product, 2.5
Lowest observed effect cuacentration, LOEC, the lowest concentration of the test substance at which an effect can be observed. In this test, there is a statistically significant effect (force <≤0.D5) corresponding to the LOEC at a given exposure time compared with the control, and this value is higher than the NOEC value. 2.6
Non-target plants
Plants outside the target plant detection range, for pesticides, usually plants outside the treatment area. 2.7
No observed effect concentration, NOEC is the highest concentration at which no effect is observed. In this test, the highest concentration at which no effect is observed is statistically significant (≤0.05) relative to the control during the entire test. 2.8
Phytotoxicity
Abnormal appearance and growth damage of plants caused by a substance (by measuring or observing). 1
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GB/T 27851—2011wwW.bzxz.Net
Replicate
Replication of the control group and/or test group test unit, in this test, refers to the replication of pots. 2.10
Visual assessment
Evaluate the growth, vitality, deformity, yellowing, necrosis and overall appearance of the plants by comparing them with the control group. 3 Principle
After the test plants grow from seeds to 2 to 4 true leaves, the test substances are sprayed on the plants and their leaf surfaces at an appropriate ratio. During the test period of 21d to 28d after application (for the 10 plants listed in Appendix C, the test period is 21d), the growth vitality of the test plants is evaluated at different time intervals, with the plants not sprayed with the test substances as the control. At the end of the test, the dry weight or fresh weight of the seedlings is measured. In some cases, the evaluation is carried out by measuring the height of the seedlings and the degree of observable damage to different parts of the plants. The dose-effect curve is obtained through multiple concentration/ratio tests, or the effect concentration (EC) or effect ratio (ER) of the test substance is obtained through a single concentration/ratio limit test, and the no-effect concentration is calculated at the same time.Light intensity: 25900Ix ± 37001x [350μE/(m2s) ± 50μE/m2s)]. Except for some plants with low light requirements, when the light intensity is lower than 148001x (200μE/ms) and the wavelength is 400 nm ~ 700 nm, it is advisable to add light. Measure and record the environmental conditions during the whole test process. Plants should be planted in non-porous plastic pots or glass pots with trays or small discs under the glass. The plastic pots or glass pots used for planting should be regularly changed to make the growth conditions as consistent as possible. The plastic pots or glass pots should be large enough to meet the normal growth of the plants without the leaves of the plants covering each other. Supplement nutrients to the soil to ensure the growth of the plants. The amount and timing of nutrient addition can be judged by observing the control group. It is recommended to add water from the bottom of the pot (for example, through a glass fiber wick) or water the part below the leaves to supplement water: the special growth environment conditions should be suitable for the test plants and the test objects. Control and treated groups should be placed in similar environmental conditions. However, appropriate measures should be taken to avoid cross-contamination of exposure to the test substance (e.g., volatile substances) between different concentration groups and between control groups.
8.3 Studies at Single Concentration (Ratio) Levels Certain factors should be considered in order to determine the appropriate concentration (ratio) of the test substance to conduct a single concentration (ratio) tolerance or limit test. For most chemicals, these factors include physical and chemical properties. For pesticides, consideration should be given to its physicochemical properties, mode of use, maximum concentration and frequency of use, quarterly application and/or systemic potency. To determine whether the chemical is phytotoxic, the highest near-foliar exposure concentration (e.g., 1000 mg/L) should be used for testing. 8.4 Preliminary Studies
In dose-effect studies, in some cases, it may be necessary to conduct preliminary studies at a larger concentration range (e.g., 0.1, 1, 0, 10, 100, and 1000 units of application) in order to provide a range of test concentrations or application rates. For pesticides, the concentration setting should be based on the recommended liquid concentration or maximum liquid concentration or application frequency, such as 1/100, 1/10, 1/2 recommended concentration/maximum concentration or application frequency. 8.5 Multiple concentration/ratio test
The purpose of the multiple concentration/ratio test is to establish a dose-effect relationship and determine the E(ER) value by biomass and/or observable effect (control group) according to the requirements of the monitoring agency.
The number and interval of the set concentrations (ratios) should be able to obtain a credible dose-effect relationship and regression equation to obtain an estimate of EC, or ER. The set concentration (ratio) range should cover EC, or ER. For example, to obtain ECs., it is best to choose a concentration that can produce an effect of 20% to 80%. To achieve this, it is recommended to set at least 5 test concentrations (ratios) and a blank control in geometric series, and the interval coefficient should not be greater than 3. Each treatment group and control group should have at least 4 replicates of the total number of tested plants of at least 20 . When using specific plants with large variations in growth characteristics, the number of replicates should be increased to increase statistical significance. If more treatment concentrations (ratios) are used, the number of replicates can be reduced. If the NOEC value needs to be estimated, the number of replicates needs to be increased to obtain the expected statistical significance. 8.6 Observation content
During the observation period, the plants should be observed frequently (at least once a week, if possible every day) for vegetative and mortal conditions. At the end of the test, the measurement results of the surviving plant biomass and the obvious toxic effects on different parts of the plant should be recorded, the latter including abnormal appearance of seedlings, dwarfing, mottling, mortality and effects on plant growth and development. The final biomass can be obtained by measuring the average dry weight of the surviving plants, and the final average dry weight is obtained by drying the aboveground plants to constant weight under 60 ℃ conditions. In addition, the final biomass can also be obtained by measuring the fresh weight of the plants. In some cases, the height of the plant can also be used as a final result. The evaluation of these observable toxic effects should adopt a unified scoring standard. Examples of qualitative and quantitative grading for evaluation can be found in references =1,251,5
GB/T 27851-—2011
9 Data and Reporting
9.1 Data Processing
9.1.1 Single Concentration (Ratio) Test
The data for each plant should be analyzed using appropriate statistical analysis methods7. Report the level of impact, or report that no relevant effect was observed at the test concentration used (e.g., % effect observed at the concentration or ratio). 9.1.2 Multiple Concentration/Ratio Test
The concentration-dose relationship is established by regression equation. A variety of models can be used for calculation, such as EC, or ER for calculating mortality. (e.g., EC2sERas, ECsp, ER:) and its confidence limits can be calculated using the following models (e.g., logit, probit, Speerman-Karber, Trimmed Spcarman-Karbcr, etc.). When the seedling growth (weight and height) is taken as a continuous point, an appropriate regression analysis method (such as Bruce-Schmidt nonlinear regression analysis [26]) can be used to calculate EC1, ER, and their confidence limits. For sensitive plant species, R2 should be no less than 0.? as far as possible, and the range of test concentrations (ratios) set should cover the concentrations (ratios) that produce 20%~80% effects. If the NOEC value is to be determined, an effective statistical method should be selected based on the data distribution = 23.2719.2 Result report
The test report should include the following:
a) Variable test substance:
-Related chemical properties of the test substance, such as: distribution coefficient, water solubility, atmospheric pressure, if possible, should also provide relevant information on environmental fate and behavior;
Detailed description of the preparation of the test solution and the concentration confirmation method. b) Test species:
--Origin and breeding history of the species (i.e. supplier, germination rate, seed specifications, production batch number, production year, season for seed harvesting) and vigor, etc.;
--Number of monocotyledonous and cotyledonous plants used in the test +: - Reasons for species selection,
Seed storage, handling and methods.
c) Test case:
- Test facilities, such as artificial climate chambers, artificial atmosphere chambers: Description of the test system, such as pot dimensions, pot materials and amount of soil filled: Soil characteristics: Soil structure and type, such as soil particle size distribution and classification, soil physicochemical properties, organic matter percentage, organic carbon percentage and pH value Preparation of soil/substrate (such as soil, artificial soil, sand and others) before the test: - If culture media are used, description of the nutrient medium; - Introduction of the test substance: Description of the application method, the instruments used, exposure rate and total amount applied, method of concentration determination and environmental conditions during application:
Growth conditions: light intensity (e.g. photosynthetically active radiation), photoperiod, maximum and minimum temperatures, watering schedule and method, fertilization:
- Number of seeds per pot, number of plants per dose group, number of replicates per exposure group (plates) > Quantity, - Type and quantity of controls: negative and positive controls, and solvent controls if organic solvents are used; - Stage of plant development at the start of the test! 6
- Test period.
d) Test results:
Data tables of endpoint values, test concentrations, test ratios, and test species for all test replicates - Percent inhibition values for each test plant compared to the control: GB/T27851-2011
Biomass test data: The percentage of dry weight or fresh weight of the aboveground part of each plant relative to the control group; If the weight of each test plant relative to the aboveground part of the control group is measured, calculate its percentage: If the seeds bloom and set seeds during the test period, the situation of seed set can be measured and counted; - Report the observed appearance damage of each test plant compared to the control group and describe it qualitatively and quantitatively, such as stem and leaf chlorosis, necrosis, wilting, leaf and stem deformation, and other defect effects! If a visible loss evaluation is provided, describe the criteria for grading visible damage; For single-degree tests, the percentage of damage should be reported: EC. or ER.Such as ECs, ERs, EC, ER and their confidence, the regression analysis method used, standard deviation and slope, intercept:
If possible, provide NOEC value and LOEC value; statistical method used and settings used; relevant data of the tested plants and concentration-dose relationship diagram. e) Any deviation from the standard during the test and whether any abnormal phenomenon occurred. GB/T 27851-2011
Table A, 1 gives the plant species used in the test: Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Plant species required for the test
Dicotyledonous nanmu
Subclass
Monocotyledonous nanmu
Subclass
Apiaceae (Umbellierae)Asteraceaceace (Compositae)Plant species required for the test
Daucus carota
Helianthusannwus
Lactuca saziva
Sinapis alba
Brassica cam pestris zar. chinensisCruciferae
Bressicaceae (Cruciferae)
Chenopodizceae
Cucurbitaceae
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Linaceae
Polygonacrac
Solanaceae
Liliaceae (Amarylladaceae)Poaceae (Pocese (Gramineae)
Brassrca napus
Brassica oleracea war.capizataBrassica rapa
Iepidiem satinem
Ra phanus sativus
Bera migaris
Cucumis satia
Glyrine mar (G. soja)
Phaseolus aureus
Phaseolus tuigaris
Pisum satimm
Trigonella foenum-g Tuecum
Trifolium pratense
Vicia satiwz
Linum usitatissimum
Fagopyrun exculentum
Solanumtycapersicon
Alliun cepa
Arena satiza||tt| |Hardem zuigar?
Lolium perenne
Oryza ra tizu
Secale rereale
Sarghum bicolor
Triticum aestivum
Zea mazys
Common name (Chinese name)
Carrot
Sunflower
Lettuce, lettuce. Lettuce
Chinese cabbage
Cabbage, cabbage, cabbage
Dwarf beans, green beans
Fenugreek
Bai Mai Ti, five-leaf clover, ox-horn flower, black-toed bean red clover
Wheatgrass
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