NY/T 5157-2002 Technical specification for breeding of bullfrog for pollution-free food
Some standard content:
ICS65.150
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5157—2002
Pollution-free Food
2002-07-25 Issued
Technical Specification for Bullfrog Breeding
200209-01 Implementation
Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5157-—2002
Appendix A of this standard is a normative appendix, and Appendix B is an informative appendix. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China and is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Fisheries Standardization. The drafting units of this standard are: Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, and Xiangtan Fisheries Research Institute, Hunan Province.
The main drafters of this standard are: He Li, Wang Xiaoqing, Zhou Ruiqiong, Hu Shiliang, Xu Zhongfa, and Xiao Diaoyi. 210
Technical Specifications for Harmless Bullfrog Breeding for Food
NY/T 5157—2002
This standard specifies the environmental conditions, reproduction, tadpole rearing, feeding of young frogs and edible frogs, overwintering, feed requirements and disease control techniques for harmless bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw) breeding. This standard applies to harmless bullfrog breeding in ponds and cages, and other breeding methods may be implemented as a reference. 2 Normative References
The clauses in the following documents become clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For dated references, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated references, the new versions are applicable to this standard. GB11607 Fishery Water Quality Standard
Green Food Fertilizer Use Recommendation
NY/T 394
NY 5051
Pollution-free Food
NY 5071
Water Quality for Freshwater Aquaculture
Guidelines for the Use of Fishery Drugs
Pollution-free Food
NY5072Pollution-free Food
Safety Limit of Copper Compounds for Fishery
SC/T1008 Technical Specifications for Conventional Cultivation of Fish Fry and Fingerlings in Ponds 3 Environmental Conditions
3.1 Site Selection
3.1.1 Adequate water source, convenient drainage and irrigation, and no pollution sources that threaten the water quality of fisheries. 3.1.2 Quiet natural environment and convenient transportation. 3.2 Water Quality
3.2.1 The water quality of the source water should comply with the provisions of GB11607. 3.2.2 The water quality of the breeding pond shall comply with the provisions of NY5051. 3.3 Breeding facilities
See Table 1 for breeding facilities.
Table 1 Breeding facilities
Facility category
Oviposition pond
Hatching pond
Pond?
Net cageb
Tadpole breeding pond
Young frog breeding pond
Edible frog breeding pond
Oviposition box
Tadpole breeding box
Edible frog breeding box
Pond or cageWater surface area/m2
30~200
20~200
The general height of the escape prevention fence is 1.5m.
See Appendix A for the cage setting.
Land area
About one-third of the water surface area
About one-third of the water surface area
Water depth/cm
50~100
50~100
30～50
50~100
NY/T 5157--2002
4 Reproduction
4.1 Source of parent frogs
4.1.1 Parent frogs or tadpoles and young frogs selected and introduced from the place of origin, which are specially bred into parent frogs. 4.1.2 Tadpoles and young frogs produced by the nationally recognized breeding farms, which are specially bred into parent frogs. 4.1.3 Offspring of inbreeding shall not be kept as parent frogs. 4.2 Quality requirements for parent frogs
4.2.1 They shall meet the requirements of the bullfrog germplasm standards. 4.2.2 Breeding age and weight: Adult frogs aged 2 to 4 years are preferred; weight should be above 350g. 4.2.3 Introduced brood frogs should be quarantined and should not carry infectious diseases. 4.3 Stocking of brood frogs
4.3.1 Pond (cage) mildew removal
Ponds (cages) should be disinfected about 10 days before stocking. Pond cleaning should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of SC/T1008; cages should be soaked in water. 4.3.2 Sex identification
The throat of male frogs is white or grayish white, the eardrum and eye are of similar size, the first finger of the forelimb is underdeveloped, and there is no nuptial tumor; the throat of male frogs is yellow, the eardrum is significantly larger than the eye diameter, the first finger of the forelimb is particularly developed, and there is an obvious nuptial tumor. 4.3.3 Sex Ratio
The stocking ratio of female to male parent frogs is generally 1:1.4.3.4 Disinfection of parent frogs
Drug disinfection should be carried out when stocking. It can be soaked in 3%~4% saline solution for 20min~15min, or soaked in 10mg/L~20mg/L potassium permanganate solution for 20min~15min. 4.3.5 Stocking density
2/m2~4/m2.
4.3.6 Feeding and Management
After the parent frogs enter the breeding pond and adapt for 2d~3d, they start to eat. The daily feeding amount of animal feed such as loach, mealworm, small fish, maggots, and animal offal is 5%~6% of the parent frog's body weight, and the feeding amount during the spawning period is 7%~8% of the body weight; the daily feeding amount of compound feed is generally 2%~3% of the body weight. The amount of feed should be flexibly controlled according to the weather and the feeding situation of the previous day, and it should be fed twice a day in the morning and afternoon. The maximum length of granular compound feed and block animal offal should be less than half of the width of the frog's mouth, and the total length of loach and small fish and shrimp should be less than half of the length of the frog's trunk.
Change about half of the water in the frog pond every 2d3d; promptly treat frog diseases; prevent theft, enemies and escape. 4.4 Spawning and Hatching
4.4.1 Spawning Conditions
Dissolved oxygen is not less than 4mg/L; water temperature is 20~30℃; there are appropriate amounts of aquatic plants in the water. 4.4.2 Spawning Time
Natural spawning and sperm discharge are mostly in the morning, and the peak period is often when the sky is clear after rain. 4.4.3 Egg Collection
Egg masses should be collected in time after spawning, and the egg masses (together with aquatic plants) of the same period should be gently moved into the same hatching pond or cage using a smooth hard container to prevent the masses from agglomerating.
4.4.4 Hatching Density
The density of eggs in the hatching pond is 5000 to 10000 eggs/m2; the density of eggs in the hatching cage is 10000 to 20000 eggs/m2.
4.4.5 Hatching Management
The water in the hatching pond should be changed once a day, and about a quarter of the water should be changed each time. When adding new water, the eggs should not be disturbed, and fish, frogs, aquatic insects, etc. should be prevented from entering; the hatching pond or cage should be covered when there is strong direct sunlight or heavy rain. 5 Tadpole cultivation
5. 1 Pond (cage) disinfection
Follow 4.3.1.
5.2 Fertilization and water injection
NY/T5157—2002
4-5 days before the tadpoles are placed in the pond, apply 300kg of manure or 400kg of green manure per 667m2. Organic fertilizers must be fermented and decomposed and disinfected with 1% to 2% quicklime. The principles of use should comply with the provisions of NY/T394. In the early stage of cultivation, keep the water depth about 50cm. 5.3 Tadpole quality requirements
Normal specifications; no injuries or diseases; strong physique; able to swim against the current; strong jumping after leaving the water. The body length and weight of tadpoles are shown in Appendix B.
5.4 Tadpole Disinfection
Before tadpoles are released, soak them in 3%~4% saline solution for 20min~15min, or 5mg/L~7mg/L copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate mixture (5:2) for 10min~5min. 5.5 Stocking Density
Tadpoles are transferred to tadpole ponds or cages 10d~15d after hatching. The stocking density of tadpole ponds is 300 tadpoles/m2~500 tadpoles/m2. After one month of age, the density is 50 tadpoles/m2~100 tadpoles/m2; the density of tadpoles released in cages is 2~3 times that of tadpole ponds. 5.6 Feeding management
3 days after hatching, feed one cooked egg yolk for every 10,000 tadpoles on the first day, and increase the amount slightly on the second day. After 7 days of age, the daily feeding amount is 100g soybean milk for every 10,000 tadpoles; after 15 days of age, gradually feed soybean dregs, bran, fish meal, fish magic, compound feed, etc., with a daily feeding amount of 400g~700g for every 10,000 tadpoles. After 30 days of age, the daily feeding amount is 4000g~8000g for every 10,000 tadpoles. 5.7 Metamorphosis control
Suitable water temperature for metamorphosis is 23°C to 32°C; in the early stage of metamorphosis, add appropriate amount of animal feed to promote metamorphosis. When the tail absorbs, reduce feeding and add feeding platform; tadpoles hatched after mid-to-late July should adopt measures such as increasing stocking density, reducing feeding or adding well water to cool down to delay metamorphosis.
6 Frog and edible frog breeding
6.1 Frog breeding
6.1.1 Pond (cage) disinfection
See 4.3.1.
6.1.2 Frog selection
Normal size, strong physique, no scars on the body, shiny and without deformity. 6.1.3 Frog disinfection
See 4.3.4.
6.1.4 Stocking density
150~100 young frogs that have just metamorphosed should be stocked in ponds, and 40~30 frogs that weigh 25g~50g should be stocked in net cages; the stocking density of young frogs should be 2~3 times that of ponds. Frogs should be graded and raised according to their size. 6.1.5 Feeding and management
6.1.5.1 Feeding
It is appropriate to feed young frogs that have just metamorphosed with small live animals such as flies, mealworm larvae, earthworms, small fish fry, and small shrimps. The daily feeding amount of animal bait is 5%~8% of the bullfrog's body weight; the daily feeding amount of compound feed is 2%~3% of the bullfrog's body weight. 6.1.5.2 Taming and feeding
There should be no land in the pond for feeding. A feeding table should be set up in the pond. The young frogs should be tamed and fed in time after metamorphosis. The bottom of the feeding table should be immersed in water for about 213
NY/T 5157---2002
2cm. Appropriate intensive feeding should be adopted. The feeding amount should be shown in 6.1.5.1. The feeding amount of small live animals should be gradually reduced, and the feeding ratio of animal meat, viscera and puffed compound feed should be increased. Generally, the young frogs will actively eat compound feed and non-live feed after one week, and the taming and feeding is completed. 6.1.5.3 Daily management
Strengthen the inspection of the pond, and timely grade the feeding; do a good job in preventing diseases, escape and enemies. 6.2 Edible frog breeding
6.2.1 Pond (cage) disinfection
Perform according to 4.3.1.
6.2.2 Disinfection of stocked frogs
Perform as per 4.3.4.
6.2.3 Stocking density
The stocking amount is 1.8kg/m2～2kg/m2. The stocking density of caged frogs is 2 to 3 times that of ponds. 6.2.4 Feeding and management
See 4.3.6.
7 Wintering
7.1 Wintering methods
The wintering methods include wintering in winter pools, caves, cages, plastic film greenhouses, etc. In winter, hot springs and waste heat from power plants can be used for heating.
7.2 Wintering environment
The wintering site should be sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, quiet and moist; the water depth of the wintering pool should be 50cm~100cm; the bottom of the wintering pool for young frogs and edible frogs should have 10cm~20cm thick silt; the water depth of the cage should be about 50cm. 7.3 Wintering management
Move the frogs to the wintering site before the outdoor water temperature drops to 10℃ in autumn. The wintering environment can be lifted only after the outdoor water temperature rises and stabilizes above 10C in spring. Prevent and control harmful organisms and prevent ice on the water surface. 8 Feed requirements
Feed safety and hygiene indicators should comply with the provisions of NY5072; it is not advisable to feed a single feed for a long time. 9 Disease prevention and control
9. 1 Disease prevention
Disease prevention is mainly based on prevention. The general measures are: - Strictly clean the pond; - Before tadpoles and young frogs are put into the pond, disinfect strictly; - After tadpoles and young frogs are put into the pond, sprinkle 1g/m2 of bleaching powder (28% effective chlorine) or 20g/m2 of quicklime every half month; - In high temperature season, mix 50g of garlic or 0.2g of garlic powder per kilogram of fish weight into the feed every day for 4 to 6 days; - Promote disease immunity prevention;
Sick individuals should be isolated and treated in time, and dead individuals should be fished out in time and buried deeply; Feed should be fed at a fixed time, place, quantity and quality; Tools used should be washed and disinfected, and the disinfection method should be implemented in accordance with the provisions of 4.3.4 of this standard. The water in the diseased frog pond shall not be discharged without disinfection. 9.2 Pests and their prevention
Pests and their prevention are shown in Table 2.
Harmful organisms
Carnivorous fish
Turtles, shrimps, frogs
Footpods, aquatic insects
Rats, snakes, birds
Filamentous aquatic algae
9.3 Prevention and control of common diseases
9.3.1 Tadpole disease and its prevention and control
See Table 3 for tadpole disease and its prevention and control.
Hemorrhagic disease
Trichodina disease
Live cupworm disease
Anchor eel disease
Saprolegnia disease
Bubble disease
Season of disease
May to August
Table 2 Pests and their prevention
Objects of harm
Eggs, tadpoles, young frogs, edible frogs
Eggs, tadpoles, young frogs
Eggs, tadpoles
Eggs, tadpoles, young frogs, edible frogs
Tadpoles, young frogs
NY /T 5157-2002
Preventive measures
Clear the pond, pull the net, add a filter at the water injection port
Pull the net, add a filter at the water injection port, and fence
Clear the pond, add a filter at the water injection port
Keep the land clean, trap, cover with a protective net and fish out, 0.? mg/L~1.4mg/L Copper sulfate pour wine throughout the pond Table 3 Common tadpole diseases and their prevention and control
Main symptoms
Bleeding spots on the body surface, swollen abdomen; in severe cases, floating on the water surface
May to August, water temperature 20℃
~28C is prone to occur
July to August is prone to occur
June to November is prone to occur
February to May is prone to occur
The skin and gill surface are blue-gray spots, the tail fin is white, and in severe cases it is corroded
Swimming is slow, breathing is difficult; the tail is hairy, and in severe cases the whole body is infected
The worm body can be seen with the naked eye; the infected area is inflamed and swollen, and in severe cases it ulcerates
The hyphae on the body surface multiply in large numbers like flocs
Prevention and control methods
0. 5 mg /L trichloroisocyanuric acid is poured over the whole pool. 2%~4% salt is soaked for 20 min~30 min, or 0.5 mg/L~0.7 mg/L copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate mixture (5:2) is poured over the whole pool.
0.5mg/L~0.7mg/1. Copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate mixture (5:2) is poured over the whole pool, or 1g/m bleaching powder (28% effective chlorine) is poured.
10mg/L~20 mg/L potassium permanganate solution is soaked for 10 min~20 min
Immerse in 5mg/L potassium permanganate solution for 30min, for 3 consecutive days
The abdomen swells, the body loses balance, and floats in the water. July to September, water temperature 35℃／
Change water in time; 4%~5% salt or 20% sulfuric acid
More than easy to occur
Note: The residual liquid of the drug after the bath shall not be poured into the breeding water. 9.3.2 Frog disease and its prevention and control
Frog disease and its prevention and control are shown in Table 4.
Red leg disease
Rotten skin disease
Gastroenteritis
Season of occurrence
Visible all year round
Easily occurs from April to October
Easily occurs from April to May and September to October
Table 4 Common frog diseases and their prevention and control
Main symptoms
Spray magnesium throughout the pond
Prevention and control methods
Redness and swelling of the hind limbs and abdomen, the appearance of erythema, muscle swelling|1g/m2 white powder (28% effective nitrogen) Spray, or blood, hemorrhagic plaques in the tongue and mouth
The epidermis of the head is rotten and white, and the joints of the limbs are rotten; in severe cases, the webbed bones are exposed, the limbs are swollen and the body color becomes lighter, the frog body is limp and inactive, and does not eat
Note: The residual liquid of the drug after the bath must not be poured into the breeding water. The use of fishery drugs and the withdrawal period shall be implemented in accordance with NY5071. 0.3g/m3 trichloroisocyanuric acid is poured into the whole pond
20 mg/L potassium permanganate is used for immersion for 30 min; 0.3mg/L~0.5mg/L chlorine dioxide is poured into the whole pond, and appropriate amount of vitamin A, vitamin D or cod liver oil is added to the feed
2 mg/l bleaching powder (28% effective fluorine) is used to soak the bait table; 0.2g0.3g yeast tablets or 0.2g allicin or 0.1g oxytetracycline is mixed with human feed for every kilogram of frog body weight every day
NY/T5157—2002
A.1 Net cage production
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Net cage setting
Net cages are usually made of screen mesh, and polyethylene mesh can also be used. The mesh size should be suitable for preventing the breeding objects from escaping. The specifications of the cages are generally 3m×4m, 4m×4m, 3m×5m, etc. The area of the cages generally does not exceed 20m2.The height of the cage is 1.5m. A.2 Cage erection
Frog cages are mostly erected and fixed with bamboo or fir. Cages are generally connected in a single row or in a double row, with a cage spacing of 10cm to 20cm and a row spacing of 100cm to 150cm. The water depth of the cage is in accordance with Table 1, and the bottom of the cage is not less than 20cm from the bottom of the water body. The upper edge of the cage is folded inward by 10cm, and the four corners after the fold are sewed with thread, and a sunshade net is placed above the cage. A.3 Water body requirements
The water level of the water body where the cage is erected does not change much; the bottom silt at the cage erection site does not exceed 30cm; when stocking fish species in the water body, carp and carnivorous fish should not be used.
Appendix B
(Informative Appendix)
Tad body length and weight
The body length and weight of tadpoles are shown in Table B.1.
Day age of tadpoles/d
Body length/cmwww.bzxz.net
Weight/g
1(Just emerged from the membrane)
8.2×10-3
3×10-2～
4×10~2
Body length and weight of tadpoles
About 12% of the tadpoles of this age group have lost their tails, and 24% have their forelimbs extended. 216
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