Some standard content:
*YC/T 142—1998
It is of great significance to unify the investigation methods of agronomic traits and growth periods, identify and evaluate tobacco varieties, reveal the changes of production conditions on the growth, development and morphology of tobacco varieties, and further guide production practice. At present, there is no unified standard for the investigation methods of tobacco agronomic traits in the world, and there is no unified standard in China. This standard integrates the characteristics and field recording methods of tobacco at home and abroad, and refers to YC/T20—1994, Yue Q/NY26~30—85 and Henan DB 008—86.
This standard is proposed by the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Tobacco Standardization Technical Committee. The drafting unit of this standard: Crop Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The main drafters of this standard: Zhou Huiguang, Luo Zhanyong, Chen Junbiao, Feng Fuhua, Dai Mian. 226
1 Scope
Tobacco Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Investigating methods of agronomical character of tobacco
Investigating methods of agronomical character of tobacco This standard specifies the investigation methods of agronomical characters and growth period of tobacco. This standard applies to all cultivated tobacco in my country, namely red tobacco and yellow tobacco. 2 Referenced standards
YC/T 142 -1998
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and the parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest version of the following standards. YC/T20—1994 Tobacco Seed Inspection Procedure 3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Growth period
The total number of days from the emergence of tobacco seedlings to the maturity of seeds; the total number of days from the emergence of cultivated tobacco seedlings to the end of tobacco leaf harvesting. 3.2 Agronomical character The production-related characteristics and properties of tobacco. It is an important indicator for identifying the production performance of varieties. 3.3 Budding stage
The date from sowing to the full expansion of the cotyledons of the seedlings. 3.4 Period of cross-shaped When the third true leaf of the seedlings appears, the first and second true leaves are similar in size to the cotyledons and cross in a cross shape, which is called the small cross stage. When the fifth true leaf of the seedlings appears, the third and fourth true leaves are similar in size to the first and second true leaves and cross in a cross shape, which is called the large cross stage.
3.5 Rooting stage
After the cross stage, the period from the third true leaf of the seedlings to the seventh true leaf is called the rooting stage. At this time, the root system of the seedlings is formed. 3.6 Temporary transplantation stage The date when the tobacco seedlings are replanted in the temporary transplanting seedling bed or nutrient bag (block). 3.7 Seedling period for transplantThe date when the tobacco seedlings reach the standard of suitable for transplanting and strong seedlings and can be transplanted. 3.8 Seedling bed periodThe period from sowing to seedling formation.
3.9 Transplanting periodThe date when the tobacco seedlings are planted in the field.
3.10 Seeding resuscition timeApproved by the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration on March 12, 1998, and implemented on May 1, 1998
YC/T 142-—1998
The tobacco seedlings are considered to be in the resuscition period from transplanting to survival. The root system resumes growth, the leaves turn green, do not wither, and the heart leaves begin to grow, and the tobacco seedlings are considered to be in the survival period. 3.11 Root extending stageThe period from survival to clustering is called the root extending stage. 3.12 Rosette stage
When the plant reaches the rosette standard, it has 12 to 13 leaves, and the ratio of the width of the leaves growing horizontally to the height of the leaves growing vertically is about 2:1. When the plant is in the rosette stage and looks like a hemisphere, it is in the rosette stage.
3.13 Strongly growing stageWhen the plant grows from rosette to budding, it is called the strong growing stage. 3.14 Flower budding stageWhen the flower buds of the plant are fully exposed, it is called the budding stage. 3.15 Topping stage
The date when the plant can be toppled.
3.16 Flowering stage
The date when the first central flower of the plant opens.
3. 17 First young capsule stageWhen the first central fruit of the plant is fully grown and green. 3.18 Capsule meture stageWhen the fruit is yellow-brown.
3. 19 Seed pick up period Actual date of seed picking.
3. 20 Tobacco leaf mature stage Date when tobacco leaves reach technical maturity.
3.21 Gruth duration after transplant The period from transplanting to tobacco leaf picking (from transplanting to seed picking in seed fields). 4 Survey method
Based on plant.
4.1 Selection of sites Select representative plots in the large area and select sites on the diagonal line. 4.2 Sampling The five-point sampling method is used in the field. Each point should have no less than 10 to 20 plants. If the number of plants in the plot test is less than 20 to 30, a census should be conducted. 5 Survey and record items
5.1 Survey of agronomic traits
Survey and record agronomic traits according to the following items: 5.1.1 Growth potential in the seedling stage: Survey and record during the rooting period. It is divided into three levels: strong, medium and weak. 5.1.2 Seedling color: Investigate during the rooting period. Divide into four levels: dark green, green, light green, and yellow-green. 5.1.3 Field growth potential: Recorded at the clustering stage and bud stage. Divided into three levels: strong, medium, and weak. 5.1.4 Uniformity: Investigate during the bud stage. Divided into three levels: neat, relatively neat, and uneven. The coefficient of variation of plant height and leaf number is less than 10% for neatness; more than 25% for unevenness.
5.1.5 Axillary bud growth potential: Investigate before the first bud removal after topping. Divided into three levels: strong, medium, and weak. 5.1.6 Plant shape: The external morphology of the plant, investigated during the flowering period. 5.1.6.1 Tower shape: The plant gradually shrinks from bottom to top, forming a tower shape. 5.7.6.2 Simple shape: The upper, middle, and lower parts of the plant are similar in size, forming a simple shape. 5.1.6.3 Olive shape: The upper and lower parts of the plant are smaller, and the middle part is larger and olive-shaped. Also known as waist drum shape. 228
5.1.7 Plant height:
YC/T142—1998
5.1.7.1 For plants without topping, the measurement is carried out at the first green fruit stage. The height from the surface stem base to the first fruit base (unit: cm, the same below).
5.1.7.2 For plants with topping, the measurement is carried out when the top of the stem grows and takes shape after topping. The height from the surface stem base to the top of the stem is also called stem height. 5.1.7.3 The plant height before the bud stage is the height from the surface stem base to the growth point. 5.1.8 Stem diameter: During the first green fruit stage, the circumference of the stem is measured at 1/3 of the plant height (unit: cm, the same below). 5.1.9 Nodes: During the first green fruit stage, the upper and lower 5 leaf positions are measured at 1/3 of the plant height, and the average length of 2 nodes is measured for each leaf position (a total of 10 nodes are measured).
5.1.10 Stem-leaf angle: Before 10 am during the budding period, measure the angle between the leaf and the stem at 1/3 of the plant height. It is divided into four levels: very large (more than 90°), large (60°～90°), medium (30°～60°) and small (less than 30°). 5.1.11 Leaf order: Expressed as a fraction. Counting from the foot leaf upward, the number of leaves between two leaf nodes on the same position on the stem is used as the denominator, and the number of circles made by the leaf between the two leaf nodes in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction is used as the numerator. Usually the leaf order is 2/5, 3/8.5/13, etc. 5.1.12 Hair: In the budding period, investigate the back of the upper leaf and record the amount of hair. It is divided into two levels: more and less. 5.1.13 Number of leaves:
5.1.13.1 Effective number of leaves: the number of leaves actually harvested. 5.1.13.2 Number of leaves (or total number of leaves): the number of leaves from bottom to top of the top leaf of the first flower branch. 5.1.13.3 When investigating the number of leaves in the seedling stage and field stage, small leaves less than 2 cm in length in the seedling stage and small leaves less than 5 cm in length in the field stage are not counted.
5.1.14 Leaf length and width: measure the length and width of the foot leaf, lower second shed, waist leaf, upper second shed and top leaf respectively (unit: cm, the same below). The length is the straight line length from the junction of the stem and leaves to the tip of the leaf, and the width is the vertical length between the widest part of the leaf surface and the main vein. 5.1.15 Leaf shape: determined according to the characteristics and length-to-width ratio of the leaf (or leaf shape index), as well as the position of the widest part of the leaf. It is divided into elliptical, oval, heart-shaped and lanceolate. bzxz.net
5.1.15.1 Elliptical: The widest part of the leaf is in the middle. a) Broad elliptical: length-to-width ratio is 1.6-1.9:1; b) Elliptical: length-to-width ratio is 1.9-2.2:1; c) Long elliptical: length-to-width ratio is 2.2-3:1. 5.1.15.2 Oval: The widest part of the leaf is close to the base (not in the middle). a) Broad oval: length-to-width ratio is 1.2-1.61, b) Oval: length-to-width ratio is 1.6-2.0:1; c) Long oval: length-to-width ratio is 2.0-3.0:1. 5.1.15.3 Heart-shaped: The widest part of the leaf is close to the base, and the base of the leaf is concave near the main vein, with a length-to-width ratio of 1-1.5:1. 5.1.15.4 Lanceolate: The leaf blade is long and has a length-to-width ratio of more than 3.0:1. 5.1.16 Petiole: There are two types: with and without. The length from the stem to the base of the leaf is the petiole length (expressed in centimeters). 5.1.17 Leaf apex: There are four types: obtuse, acuminate, acute and tail-pointed. 5.1.18 Leaf auricles: There are four types: large, medium, small and without. 5.1.19 Leaf surface: There are four types: wrinkled, relatively wrinkled, relatively flat and flat. 5.1.20 Leaf margin: divided into three types: wrinkled, wavy and relatively flat. 5.1.21 Leaf color: divided into dark green, dark green, green, light green, yellow-green, etc. Or expressed by the actual reading of the color chart (see Appendix A). 5.1.22 Leaf thickness: divided into five levels: thick, relatively thick, medium, relatively thin, and thin. 5.1.23 Leaf mesophyll: divided into three levels: fine, medium, and loose. 5.1.24 Leaf vein morphology:
5.1.24.1 Main vein color: divided into green, yellow-green, yellow-white, etc. Most burley tobacco is milky white. 5.1.24.2 Main vein thickness: divided into three levels: thick, medium, and thin. 229
YC/T 142 - 1998
5.1.24.3 Angle of main and lateral veins: Measure the angle of the main and lateral veins at the widest part of the leaf. Note: 5.1.15~5.1.24 are subject to the results of the investigation of waist leaves. 5.1.25 Stem color: There are four types: dark green, green, light green and yellow-green. Most burley tobaccos are milky white. 5.1.26 Inflorescence: During the flowering period, record the density or looseness of the inflorescence. 5.1.27 Flowers: During the flowering period, investigate the shape, length, diameter and color of the corolla and calyx. There are dark red, red, light red, white, yellow, yellow-green, etc.
5.1.28 Fruit: During the green fruit period, record the length, diameter and shape of the fruit. 5.1.29 Seeds: Record the shape, size and color of the seeds. 5.2 Growth period investigation
The growth period investigation shall be recorded according to the following items:
5.2.1 Sowing period: Expressed in month and day.
5.2.2 Seedling emergence period: The date when 50% of the seedlings emerge in the whole area. 5.2.3 Small cross period: the date when 50% of the seedlings in the whole area are in the shape of a small cross. 5.2.4 Large cross period: the date when 50% of the seedlings in the whole area are in the shape of a large cross. 5.2.5 Rooting period: the date when 50% of the seedlings in the whole area have the fourth and fifth true leaves clearly erected. 5.2.6 Transplanting period: expressed in months and days.
5.2.7 Seedling period: the date when 50% of the seedlings in the whole area reach the standard of suitable planting and strong seedlings. 5.2.8 Seedbed period: expressed in days.
Transplanting period: expressed in months and days.
5.2.10 Seedling return period: the date when more than 50% of the tobacco seedlings in the whole area survive after transplanting and pruning. 5.2.11
Root extension period: expressed in months and days.
Grouping period: 50% of the plants in the whole area reach the grouping standard. Vigorous growth period: The period from clustering to budding of 50% of the plants in the whole area is called vigorous growth period. Budding period: The beginning of budding period is when 10% of the plants in the whole area have buds; when it reaches 50%, it is the peak of budding period. Topping period: The date when 50% of the plants in the whole area can be toppled. 5 Flowering period: The beginning of flowering period is when the center flowers of 10% of the plants in the whole area bloom; when it reaches 50%, it is the peak of flowering period. 5.2.16
Date.
First green fruit period: The date when the center fruits of 50% of the plants in the whole area reach the green fruit standard. Fruit maturity period: The date when half of the fruits of 50% of the plants in the whole area reach the maturity standard. Harvest period: Expressed in months and days.
Tobacco leaf maturity period: The field growth period of the mature period of the foot leaves (first harvest), the mature period of the waist leaves and the mature period of the top leaves (last harvest) is recorded separately: Expressed in days.
Days in the growth period
5.2.22.1 Days in the seedling stage: the number of days from seedling emergence to seedling maturity (expressed in days of seedling age). 5.2.22.2 Days in the field stage: the number of days from transplanting to the last tobacco leaf harvest. Tobacco leaf harvesting days: the number of days from the first harvest to the last harvest. 5.2.22.3
5.2.22.4 Days to budding: the number of days from seedling maturity to budding and the number of days from transplanting to budding are recorded separately. 5.2.22.5 Days to flowering: the number of days from seedling emergence to flowering and the number of days from transplanting to flowering are recorded separately. 5.2.22.6 Days to fruit maturity: the number of days from the peak of flowering to fruit maturity. 5.2.22.7 Days to topping: the number of days from transplanting to topping. 5.2.22.8 Days in the whole growth period: the number of days from seedling emergence to the end of tobacco leaf harvesting, and the number of days from seedling emergence to the end of seed harvesting shall be recorded separately. 230
6 Physical determination
YC/T142-1998
6.1 Seed dry weight: Take 1000 sun-dried clean seeds (water content below 9%) and weigh them with a 1/1000 sensitive balance, expressed in grams. Repeat twice and take the average value.
6.2 Germination rate determination: Randomly take 100 clean seeds and put them into filter paper culture III for germination test. Determine the germination potential (%) on the seventh day, and the germination rate (%) on the fourteenth day. The germination standard is when the radicle extends to the same length as the seed, and take the average value of four repetitions [perform according to the provisions of YC/T20, the calculation formula of germination rate is shown in Appendix A (Appendix of the standard)). 6.3 Single leaf weight: Take 100 pieces of dry tobacco leaves of the same grade in the middle and weigh them in grams. Repeat 2 to 4 times and take the average value. 6.4 Dry tobacco rate: The percentage of dry tobacco leaves in the weight of fresh tobacco leaves. When harvesting tobacco leaves, randomly take 300 pieces of tobacco leaves from the middle and weigh them. After conditioning, weigh them when the quantitative moisture is reached, and calculate the dry tobacco rate. 6.5 Leaf area calculation
Single leaf area (m2) - 0.6345 × (leaf length × leaf width) In the formula: 0.6345 - the constant when calculating the leaf area of flue-cured tobacco. There are differences between varieties. 6.6 Leaf area coefficient: refers to the ratio of green leaf area per unit area (usually 666.67m2) to land area. Leaf area index = average single leaf area × number of leaves per plant × number of plants per mu 666.67
6.7 Unit leaf area weight (mg/cm2): Use a 2-10cm2 round puncher to take a number of leaf pulp samples from the middle of the dry tobacco leaves, weigh them with a one-thousandth-balance, and calculate the average weight per square centimeter. 6.8 Root system: Measure the depth and breadth (extended range) of the natural growth of the root system in the soil, expressed in centimeters. If the test requires, additional measurement and investigation items (such as root weight and the number and length of lateral roots, etc.) can be added. 231
A1 Colorimetric card
YC/T 142—1998
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Actual reading expression method of colorimetric card
Leaf color colorimetric card is uniformly produced by the Tobacco Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences on behalf of the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. Color card readings above 9 are dark green, 8-9 are dark green, 7-8 are green, 6-7 are light green, and below are yellow-green, etc. Calculation of germination potential
Number of seeds germinated within 7 days
Germination potential (%)=
Number of seeds tested
Calculation of germination rate
Germination rate (%)Number of seeds germinated within 14 days×100
Number of seeds tested
?(A1)
(A2)16 Petiole: with or without. The length from the stem to the leaf base is the petiole length (in centimeters). 5.1.17 Leaf apex: obtuse, acuminate, acute and tail. 5.1.18 Leaf auricle: large, medium, small and absent. 5.1.19 Leaf surface: wrinkled, relatively wrinkled, relatively flat and flat. 5.1.20 Leaf margin: wrinkled, wavy and relatively flat. 5.1.21 Leaf color: dark green, dark green, green, light green, yellowish green, etc. Or expressed by the actual reading of the color chart (see Appendix A). 5.1.22 Leaf thickness: thick, relatively thick, medium, relatively thin and thin. 5.1.23 Mesophyll: fine, medium and loose. 5.1.24 Leaf vein morphology:
5.1.24.1 Main vein color: green, yellowish green, yellowish white, etc. Most burley tobacco is milky white. 5.1.24.2 Thickness of main vein: divided into three levels: thick, medium and fine. 229
YC/T 142 - 1998
5.1.24.3 Angle of main and lateral veins: measure the angle of main and lateral veins at the widest part of the leaf. Note: 5.1.15~5.1.24 are subject to the survey results of waist leaves. 5.1.25 Stem color: divided into four types: dark green, green, light green and yellow-green. Most burley tobacco is milky white. 5.1.26 Inflorescence: record the density or looseness of inflorescence during the flowering period. 5.1.27 Flower: investigate the shape, length, diameter and color of corolla and calyx during the flowering period. Divided into dark red, red, light red, white, yellow, yellow-green, etc.
5.1.28 Fruit: record the length, diameter and shape of fruit during the green fruit period. 5.1.29 Seeds: record the shape, size and color of seeds. 5.2 Growth period survey
The growth period survey shall be recorded as follows:
5.2.1 Sowing period: expressed in months and days.
5.2.2 Seedling period: the date when 50% of the seedlings in the whole area emerge. 5.2.3 Small cross period: the date when 50% of the seedlings in the whole area are in the shape of a small cross. 5.2.4 Large cross period: the date when 50% of the seedlings in the whole area are in the shape of a large cross. 5.2.5 Rooting period: the date when 50% of the seedlings in the whole area have the fourth and fifth true leaves clearly erected. 5.2.6 Transplanting period: expressed in months and days.
5.2.7 Seedling period: the date when 50% of the seedlings in the whole area reach the standard of suitable planting and strong seedlings. 5.2.8 Seedbed period: expressed in days.
Transplanting period: expressed in months and days.
5.2.10 Seedling period: the date when more than 50% of the tobacco seedlings in the whole area survive after transplanting. 5.2.11
Root extension period: expressed in months and days.
Gathering period: 50% of the plants in the whole area meet the gathering standard. Vigorous growth period: the period from gathering to budding of 50% of the plants in the whole area is called the vigorous growth period. Budding period: when 10% of the plants in the whole area have buds, it is the beginning of budding; when it reaches 50%, it is the peak of budding. Topping period: the date when 50% of the plants in the whole area can be toppled. 5 Flowering period: when the center flowers of 10% of the plants in the whole area bloom, it is the beginning of flowering; when it reaches 50%, it is the peak of flowering. 5.2.16
Date.
First green fruit period: the date when the center fruits of 50% of the plants in the whole area meet the green fruit standard. Fruit maturity period: the date when half of the fruits of 50% of the plants in the whole area meet the maturity standard. Harvest period: expressed in months and days.
Tobacco leaf maturity period: record the maturity period of the foot leaves (first harvest), the maturity period of the waist leaves and the maturity period of the top leaves (last harvest) respectively. Field growth period: expressed in days.
Growth period days
5.2.22.1 Seedling period days: the number of days from emergence to seedlings (expressed in days of seedling age). 5.2.22.2 Field period days: the number of days from transplanting to the last harvest of tobacco leaves. Tobacco leaf harvesting days: the number of days from the first harvest to the last harvest. 5.2.22.3
5.2.22.4 Bud appearance days: the number of days from seedlings to bud appearance and the number of days from transplanting to bud appearance are recorded separately. 5.2.22.5 Flowering days: the number of days from emergence to flowering and the number of days from transplanting to flowering are recorded separately. 5.2.22.6 Days to fruit maturity: the number of days from the peak flowering period to fruit maturity. 5.2.22.7 Days to topping: the number of days from transplanting to topping. 5.2.22.8 Days in the entire growth period: the number of days from seedling emergence to the end of tobacco leaf harvesting, and the number of days from seedling emergence to the end of seed harvesting shall be recorded separately. 230
6 Physical determination
YC/T142-1998
6.1 Seed dry weight: Take 1,000 sun-dried clean seeds (water content below 9%) and weigh them with a 1/1000 sensitive balance, expressed in grams. Repeat twice and take the average value.
6.2 Germination rate determination: Randomly take 100 clean seeds and put them into filter paper culture III for germination test. On the seventh day, the germination potential (%) was measured, and on the fourteenth day, the germination rate (%) was measured. The germination standard was when the radicle extended to the same length as the seed, and the average value of four repetitions was taken [according to the provisions of YC/T20, the calculation formula of the germination rate is shown in Appendix A (Appendix of the standard)]. 6.3 Single leaf weight: Take 100 pieces of dry tobacco leaves of the same grade in the middle and weigh them, expressed in grams. Repeat 2 to 4 times and take the average value. 6.4 Dry tobacco rate: The percentage of dry tobacco leaves in the weight of fresh tobacco leaves. When harvesting tobacco leaves, randomly take 300 pieces of tobacco leaves from the middle and weigh them. After modulation, weigh them when the quantitative moisture content is reached, and calculate the dry tobacco rate. 6.5 Leaf area calculation
Single leaf area (m2) - 0.6345 × (leaf length × leaf width) In the formula: 0.6345--The constant when calculating the leaf area of flue-cured tobacco. There are differences between varieties. 6.6 Leaf area index: refers to the ratio of green leaf area per unit area (usually 666.67m2) to land area. Leaf area index = average single leaf area × number of leaves per plant × number of plants per mu 666.67
6.7 Unit leaf area weight (mg/cm2): Use a 2-10cm2 round puncher to take a number of leaf pulp samples from the middle dry tobacco leaves, weigh them with a one-thousandth-balance, and calculate the average weight per square centimeter. 6.8 Root system: Measure the depth and breadth (extended range) of the natural growth of the root system in the soil, expressed in centimeters. If the experiment requires, additional measurement and investigation items (such as root weight and the number and length of lateral roots, etc.) can be added. 231
A1 Colorimetric card
YC/T 142—1998
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Method for expressing actual readings of colorimetric card
Leaf color colorimetric card is produced uniformly by the Tobacco Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences on behalf of the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. Colorimetric card readings above 9 are dark green, 8 to 9 are dark green, 7 to 8 are green, 6 to 7 are light green, and below are yellowish green, etc. Calculation of germination potential
Number of seeds germinated within 7 days
Germination potential (%)=
Number of seeds tested
Calculation of germination rate
Germination rate (%)Number of seeds germinated within 14 days×100
Number of seeds tested
?(A1)
(A2)16 Petiole: with or without. The length from the stem to the leaf base is the petiole length (in centimeters). 5.1.17 Leaf apex: obtuse, acuminate, acute and tail. 5.1.18 Leaf auricle: large, medium, small and absent. 5.1.19 Leaf surface: wrinkled, relatively wrinkled, relatively flat and flat. 5.1.20 Leaf margin: wrinkled, wavy and relatively flat. 5.1.21 Leaf color: dark green, dark green, green, light green, yellowish green, etc. Or expressed by the actual reading of the color chart (see Appendix A). 5.1.22 Leaf thickness: thick, relatively thick, medium, relatively thin and thin. 5.1.23 Mesophyll: fine, medium and loose. 5.1.24 Leaf vein morphology:
5.1.24.1 Main vein color: green, yellowish green, yellowish white, etc. Most burley tobacco is milky white. 5.1.24.2 Thickness of main vein: divided into three levels: thick, medium and fine. 229
YC/T 142 - 1998
5.1.24.3 Angle of main and lateral veins: measure the angle of main and lateral veins at the widest part of the leaf. Note: 5.1.15~5.1.24 are subject to the survey results of waist leaves. 5.1.25 Stem color: divided into four types: dark green, green, light green and yellow-green. Most burley tobacco is milky white. 5.1.26 Inflorescence: record the density or looseness of inflorescence during the flowering period. 5.1.27 Flower: investigate the shape, length, diameter and color of corolla and calyx during the flowering period. Divided into dark red, red, light red, white, yellow, yellow-green, etc.
5.1.28 Fruit: record the length, diameter and shape of fruit during the green fruit period. 5.1.29 Seeds: record the shape, size and color of seeds. 5.2 Growth period survey
The growth period survey shall be recorded as follows:
5.2.1 Sowing period: expressed in months and days.
5.2.2 Seedling period: the date when 50% of the seedlings in the whole area emerge. 5.2.3 Small cross period: the date when 50% of the seedlings in the whole area are in the shape of a small cross. 5.2.4 Large cross period: the date when 50% of the seedlings in the whole area are in the shape of a large cross. 5.2.5 Rooting period: the date when 50% of the seedlings in the whole area have the fourth and fifth true leaves clearly erected. 5.2.6 Transplanting period: expressed in months and days.
5.2.7 Seedling period: the date when 50% of the seedlings in the whole area reach the standard of suitable planting and strong seedlings. 5.2.8 Seedbed period: expressed in days.
Transplanting period: expressed in months and days.
5.2.10 Seedling period: the date when more than 50% of the tobacco seedlings in the whole area survive after transplanting. 5.2.11
Root extension period: expressed in months and days.
Gathering period: 50% of the plants in the whole area meet the gathering standard. Vigorous growth period: the period from gathering to budding of 50% of the plants in the whole area is called the vigorous growth period. Budding period: when 10% of the plants in the whole area have buds, it is the beginning of budding; when it reaches 50%, it is the peak of budding. Topping period: the date when 50% of the plants in the whole area can be toppled. 5 Flowering period: when the center flowers of 10% of the plants in the whole area bloom, it is the beginning of flowering; when it reaches 50%, it is the peak of flowering. 5.2.16
Date.
First green fruit period: the date when the center fruits of 50% of the plants in the whole area meet the green fruit standard. Fruit maturity period: the date when half of the fruits of 50% of the plants in the whole area meet the maturity standard. Harvest period: expressed in months and days.
Tobacco leaf maturity period: record the maturity period of the foot leaves (first harvest), the maturity period of the waist leaves and the maturity period of the top leaves (last harvest) respectively. Field growth period: expressed in days.
Growth period days
5.2.22.1 Seedling period days: the number of days from emergence to seedlings (expressed in days of seedling age). 5.2.22.2 Field period days: the number of days from transplanting to the last harvest of tobacco leaves. Tobacco leaf harvesting days: the number of days from the first harvest to the last harvest. 5.2.22.3
5.2.22.4 Bud appearance days: the number of days from seedlings to bud appearance and the number of days from transplanting to bud appearance are recorded separately. 5.2.22.5 Flowering days: the number of days from emergence to flowering and the number of days from transplanting to flowering are recorded separately. 5.2.22.6 Days to fruit maturity: the number of days from the peak flowering period to fruit maturity. 5.2.22.7 Days to topping: the number of days from transplanting to topping. 5.2.22.8 Days in the entire growth period: the number of days from seedling emergence to the end of tobacco leaf harvesting, and the number of days from seedling emergence to the end of seed harvesting shall be recorded separately. 230
6 Physical determination
YC/T142-1998
6.1 Seed dry weight: Take 1,000 sun-dried clean seeds (water content below 9%) and weigh them with a 1/1000 sensitive balance, expressed in grams. Repeat twice and take the average value.
6.2 Germination rate determination: Randomly take 100 clean seeds and put them into filter paper culture III for germination test. On the seventh day, the germination potential (%) was measured, and on the fourteenth day, the germination rate (%) was measured. The germination standard was when the radicle extended to the same length as the seed, and the average value of four repetitions was taken [according to the provisions of YC/T20, the calculation formula of the germination rate is shown in Appendix A (Appendix of the standard)]. 6.3 Single leaf weight: Take 100 pieces of dry tobacco leaves of the same grade in the middle and weigh them, expressed in grams. Repeat 2 to 4 times and take the average value. 6.4 Dry tobacco rate: The percentage of dry tobacco leaves in the weight of fresh tobacco leaves. When harvesting tobacco leaves, randomly take 300 pieces of tobacco leaves from the middle and weigh them. After modulation, weigh them when the quantitative moisture content is reached, and calculate the dry tobacco rate. 6.5 Leaf area calculation
Single leaf area (m2) - 0.6345 × (leaf length × leaf width) In the formula: 0.6345--The constant when calculating the leaf area of flue-cured tobacco. There are differences between varieties. 6.6 Leaf area index: refers to the ratio of green leaf area per unit area (usually 666.67m2) to land area. Leaf area index = average single leaf area × number of leaves per plant × number of plants per mu 666.67
6.7 Unit leaf area weight (mg/cm2): Use a 2-10cm2 round puncher to take a number of leaf pulp samples from the middle dry tobacco leaves, weigh them with a thousandth-scale balance, and calculate the average weight per square centimeter. 6.8 Root system: Measure the depth and breadth (extended range) of the natural growth of the root system in the soil, expressed in centimeters. If the experiment requires, additional measurement and investigation items (such as root weight and the number and length of lateral roots, etc.) can be added. 231
A1 Colorimetric card
YC/T 142—1998
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Method for expressing actual readings of colorimetric card
Leaf color colorimetric card is produced uniformly by the Tobacco Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences on behalf of the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. Colorimetric card readings above 9 are dark green, 8 to 9 are dark green, 7 to 8 are green, 6 to 7 are light green, and below are yellowish green, etc. Calculation of germination potential
Number of seeds germinated within 7 days
Germination potential (%)=
Number of seeds tested
Calculation of germination rate
Germination rate (%)Number of seeds germinated within 14 days×100
Number of seeds tested
?(A1)
(A2)8 Seedbed period: expressed in days.
Transplanting period: expressed in months and days.
5.2.10 Seedling return period: the date when more than 50% of the tobacco seedlings in the whole area survive after transplanting. 5.2.11
Root extension period: expressed in months and days.
Clustering period: 50% of the plants in the whole area reach the clustering standard. Vigorous growth period: the period from clustering to budding of 50% of the plants in the whole area is called the vigorous growth period. Budding period: when 10% of the plants in the whole area have buds, it is the beginning of budding; when it reaches 50%, it is the peak of budding. Topping period: the date when 50% of the plants in the whole area can be toppled. 5 Flowering period: when the center flowers of 10% of the plants in the whole area bloom, it is the beginning of flowering; when it reaches 50%, it is the peak of flowering. 5.2.16
Date.
First green fruit period: the date when the central fruit of 50% of the plants in the whole area reaches the green fruit standard. Fruit maturity period: the date when half of the fruits of 50% of the plants in the whole area reach the maturity standard. Harvest period: expressed in months and days.
Tobacco leaf maturity period: record the foot leaf maturity period (first harvest), waist leaf maturity period and top leaf maturity period (last harvest) respectively. Field growth period: expressed in days.
Growth period days
5.2.22.1 Seedling stage days: the number of days from emergence to seedling (expressed in seedling age days). 5.2.22.2 Field stage days: the number of days from transplanting to the last tobacco leaf harvest. Tobacco leaf harvest days: the number of days from the first harvest to the last harvest. 5.2.22.3
5.2.22.4 Bud appearance days: the number of days from seedling to bud appearance and the number of days from transplanting to bud appearance are recorded separately. 5.2.22.5 Days to Flowering: The number of days from seedling emergence to flowering, and the number of days from transplanting to flowering shall be recorded separately. 5.2.22.6 Days to Fruit Maturity: The number of days from peak flowering to fruit maturity. 5.2.22.7 Days to Topping: The number of days from transplanting to topping. 5.2.22.8 Days in the Whole Growth Period: The number of days from seedling emergence to the end of tobacco leaf harvesting, and the number of days from seedling emergence to the end of seed harvesting shall be recorded separately. 230
6 Physical Determination
YC/T142-1998
6.1 Seed Dry Weight: Take 1000 sun-dried clean seeds (water content below 9%) and weigh them with a 1/1000 sensitive balance, expressed in grams. Repeat twice and take the average value.
6.2 Germination Rate Determination: Randomly take 100 clean seeds and put them into filter paper culture III for germination test. On the seventh day, the germination potential (%) was measured, and on the fourteenth day, the germination rate (%) was measured. The germination standard was when the radicle extended to the same length as the seed, and the average value of four repetitions was taken [according to the provisions of YC/T20, the calculation formula of the germination rate is shown in Appendix A (Appendix of the standard)]. 6.3 Single leaf weight: Take 100 pieces of dry tobacco leaves of the same grade in the middle and weigh them, expressed in grams. Repeat 2 to 4 times and take the average value. 6.4 Dry tobacco rate: The percentage of dry tobacco leaves in the weight of fresh tobacco leaves. When harvesting tobacco leaves, randomly take 300 pieces of tobacco leaves from the middle and weigh them. After modulation, weigh them when the quantitative moisture content is reached, and calculate the dry tobacco rate. 6.5 Leaf area calculation
Single leaf area (m2) - 0.6345 × (leaf length × leaf width) In the formula: 0.6345--The constant when calculating the leaf area of flue-cured tobacco. There are differences between varieties. 6.6 Leaf area index: refers to the ratio of green leaf area per unit area (usually 666.67m2) to land area. Leaf area index = average single leaf area × number of leaves per plant × number of plants per mu 666.67
6.7 Unit leaf area weight (mg/cm2): Use a 2-10cm2 round puncher to take a number of leaf pulp samples from the middle dry tobacco leaves, weigh them with a thousandth-scale balance, and calculate the average weight per square centimeter. 6.8 Root system: Measure the depth and breadth (extended range) of the natural growth of the root system in the soil, expressed in centimeters. If the experiment requires, additional measurement and investigation items (such as root weight and the number and length of lateral roots, etc.) can be added. 231
A1 Colorimetric card
YC/T 142—1998
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Method for expressing actual readings of colorimetric card
Leaf color colorimetric card is produced uniformly by the Tobacco Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences on behalf of the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. Colorimetric card readings above 9 are dark green, 8 to 9 are dark green, 7 to 8 are green, 6 to 7 are light green, and below are yellowish green, etc. Calculation of germination potential
Number of seeds germinated within 7 days
Germination potential (%)=
Number of seeds tested
Calculation of germination rate
Germination rate (%)Number of seeds germinated within 14 days×100
Number of seeds tested
?(A1)
(A2)8 Seedbed period: expressed in days.
Transplanting period: expressed in months and days.
5.2.10 Seedling return period: the date when more than 50% of the tobacco seedlings in the whole area survive after transplanting. 5.2.11
Root extension period: expressed in months and days.
Clustering period: 50% of the plants in the whole area reach the clustering standard. Vigorous growth period: the period from clustering to budding of 50% of the plants in the whole area is called the vigorous growth period. Budding period: when 10% of the plants in the whole area have buds, it is the beginning of budding; when it reaches 50%, it is the peak of budding. Topping period: the date when 50% of the plants in the whole area can be toppled. 5 Flowering period: when the center flowers of 10% of the plants in the whole area bloom, it is the beginning of flowering; when it reaches 50%, it is the peak of flowering. 5.2.16
Date.
First green fruit period: the date when the central fruit of 50% of the plants in the whole area reaches the green fruit standard. Fruit maturity period: the date when half of the fruits of 50% of the plants in the whole area reach the maturity standard. Harvest period: expressed in months and days.
Tobacco leaf maturity period: record the foot leaf maturity period (first harvest), waist leaf maturity period and top leaf maturity period (last harvest) respectively. Field growth period: expressed in days.
Growth period days
5.2.22.1 Seedling stage days: the number of days from emergence to seedling (expressed in seedling age days). 5.2.22.2 Field stage days: the number of days from transplanting to the last tobacco leaf harvest. Tobacco leaf harvest days: the number of days from the first harvest to the last harvest. 5.2.22.3
5.2.22.4 Bud appearance days: the number of days from seedling to bud appearance and the number of days from transplanting to bud appearance are recorded separately. 5.2.22.5 Days to Flowering: The number of days from seedling emergence to flowering, and the number of days from transplanting to flowering shall be recorded separately. 5.2.22.6 Days to Fruit Maturity: The number of days from peak flowering to fruit maturity. 5.2.22.7 Days to Topping: The number of days from transplanting to topping. 5.2.22.8 Days in the Whole Growth Period: The number of days from seedling emergence to the end of tobacco leaf harvesting, and the number of days from seedling emergence to the end of seed harvesting shall be recorded separately. 230
6 Physical Determination
YC/T142-1998
6.1 Seed Dry Weight: Take 1000 sun-dried clean seeds (water content below 9%) and weigh them with a 1/1000 sensitive balance, expressed in grams. Repeat twice and take the average value.
6.2 Germination Rate Determination: Randomly take 100 clean seeds and put them into filter paper culture III for germination test. On the seventh day, the germination potential (%) was measured, and on the fourteenth day, the germination rate (%) was measured. The germination standard was when the radicle extended to the same length as the seed, and the average value of four repetitions was taken [according to the provisions of YC/T20, the calculation formula of the germination rate is shown in Appendix A (Appendix of the standard)]. 6.3 Single leaf weight: Take 100 pieces of dry tobacco leaves of the same grade in the middle and weigh them, expressed in grams. Repeat 2 to 4 times and take the average value. 6.4 Dry tobacco rate: The percentage of dry tobacco leaves in the weight of fresh tobacco leaves. When harvesting tobacco leaves, randomly take 300 pieces of tobacco leaves from the middle and weigh them. After modulation, weigh them when the quantitative moisture content is reached, and calculate the dry tobacco rate. 6.5 Leaf area calculation
Single leaf area (m2) - 0.6345 × (leaf length × leaf width) In the formula: 0.6345--The constant when calculating the leaf area of flue-cured tobacco. There are differences between varieties. 6.6 Leaf area index: refers to the ratio of green leaf area per unit area (usually 666.67m2) to land area. Leaf area index = average single leaf area × number of leaves per plant × number of plants per mu 666.67
6.7 Unit leaf area weight (mg/cm2): Use a 2-10cm2 round puncher to take a number of leaf pulp samples from the middle dry tobacco leaves, weigh them with a thousandth-scale balance, and calculate the average weight per square centimeter. 6.8 Root system: Measure the depth and breadth (extended range) of the natural growth of the root system in the soil, expressed in centimeters. If the experiment requires, additional measurement and investigation items (such as root weight and the number and length of lateral roots, etc.) can be added. 231
A1 Colorimetric card
YC/T 142—1998
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Method for expressing actual readings of colorimetric card
Leaf color colorimetric card is produced uniformly by the Tobacco Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences on behalf of the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. Colorimetric card readings above 9 are dark green, 8 to 9 are dark green, 7 to 8 are green, 6 to 7 are light green, and below are yellowish green, etc. Calculation of germination potential
Number of seeds germinated within 7 days
Germination potential (%)=
Number of seeds tested
Calculation of germination rate
Germination rate (%)Number of seeds germinated within 14 days×100
Number of seeds tested
?(A1)
(A2)
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