Standard number: GB/T 38210-2019
Standard name: Geographical names--Terminology
English name: Geographical names--Terminology
Standard format: PDF
Release time: 2019-10-18
Implementation time: 2019-10-18
Standard size: 963K
Standard introduction: This standard defines the commonly used terms and definitions in the field of geographical names.
This standard is applicable to the fields of geographical names, maps, geography, transportation, aviation, post and telecommunications, and tourism. Other planetary place names, including lunar place names, may also be used for reference
2 Basic nouns
Geographical names
Proper names given to various geographical entities
Note: Rewrite GB/T17693.1-2008, definition
Specific term of geographical names
Specific term
Words used to distinguish various geographical entities in geographical names
Note: Rewrite GB/T17693.1-2008, definition 2.2 This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009.
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Geographical Names (SAC/TC233).
Drafting units of this standard: Institute of Geographical Names of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Chinese Toponymy
Main drafters of this standard: Pang Senquan, Tian Shuo, Liu Jing, Cai Liang, Fan Chenfang, Wu Jian Regarding the definition of geographical name terms, only several standards such as GB17733-2008 "Geomorphic Signs", GB/T17693.1-2008 "Guidelines for the English Translation of Foreign Geographic Names into Chinese", and GB/T18521-2001 "Rules for the Classification and Category Code Compilation of Geographical Names" have given a number of relevant definitions. The existing definitions of geographical name terms are not only inconsistent, but also cannot meet the demand for the normalization and standardization of a large number of geographical name terms in the development of geographical name discipline in terms of quantity, and cannot meet the development needs of geographical name discipline
Standardizing and unifying geographical name terms and clarifying their conceptual connotations will help eliminate the confusion in the use of geographical name terms in society and help to safeguard and promote the progress and development of geographical name discipline. A set of rigorous and standardized terms and definitions of geographical names is not only the foundation of the development of geographical names, but also the inevitable development of geographical names. It plays an important role in the exchange of geographical names information, scientific research and social application in modern society.
The formulation of this standard can standardize the commonly used terms in the field of geographical names, improve the level of geographical name standardization, optimize the geographical name environment, and improve the public service capacity of geographical name work.
This standard defines the commonly used terms and definitions in the field of geographical names. This standard is applicable to the fields of geographical names, maps, geography, transportation, aviation, post and telecommunications, tourism, etc. Other planetary names, including lunar names, can also be used for reference.

ICS01.040.07
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T38210—2019
Geographical namesTerminology2019-10-18 Release
State Administration for Market Regulation
Standardization Administration of China
2019-10-18 Implementation
GB/T38210—2019
Basic nouns
Geographical entities
Place name categories
Place name standardization
Place name translation
Place name culture
Place name research
Place name signs
Digital place names
Place name work
12 Place name data
References
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009. This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Place Names (SAC/TC233). Drafting units of this standard: Geographical Names Research Institute of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, China Geographical Names Society Main drafters of this standard: Pang Senquan, Tian Shuo, Liu Jing, Cai Liang, Fan Chenfang, Wu Jian GB/T38210—2019
GB/T38210—2019
Regarding the definition of geographical name terms, only several standards such as GB17733—2008 "Geomorphic Signs", GB/T17693.1—2008 "Guidelines for the English Translation of Foreign Geographic Names", and GB/T18521-2001 "Rules for the Classification and Category Code Compilation of Geographical Names" have given several relevant definitions. The existing definitions of geographical name terms are not only not unified, but also difficult to meet the needs of the development of the geographical name discipline for the standardization and standardization of a large number of geographical name terms, and cannot meet the needs of the development of the geographical name discipline. Standardizing and unifying geographical name terms and clarifying their conceptual connotations will help eliminate the confusion in the use of geographical name terms in society and will help to safeguard and promote the progress and development of the geographical name discipline. A set of rigorous and standardized geographical name discipline terms and definitions is not only the foundation for the development of geographical name discipline, but also the inevitable development of geographical name discipline. It has important practical significance in the exchange of geographical name information, scientific research and social application in modern society.
The formulation of this standard can standardize the commonly used terms in the field of geographical names, improve the level of geographical name standardization, optimize the geographical name environment, and improve the public service capacity of geographical name work.
1 Scope
Geoname terms
This standard defines the commonly used terms and definitions in the field of geographical names. GB/T38210—2019
This standard is applicable to the fields of geographical names, maps, geography, transportation, aviation, post and telecommunications, tourism, etc. Other planetary names, including lunar names, can also be used for reference.
Basic nouns
geographicalnames
Proper names given to various geographical entities. Note: Rewrite GB/T17693.1—2008, definition 2.1. 2.2
specific term of geographic namesspecific term
a word used to distinguish different geographical entities in geographical names. Note: Rewrite GB/T17693.1—2008, definition 2.2. 2.3
generic term of geographic namesgeneric term
a word used to distinguish different categories of geographical entities in geographical names. Note: Rewritten from GB/T 17693.1—2008, definition 2.3. 2.4
information of geographical names
General term for words, numbers, images, sounds, etc. that reflect place names and their attributes [GB/T 18521—2001. definition 3.2]
element of geographical names
element of geographic names
The pronunciation, glyph, structure, meaning of place names and the location, category, form of geographical entities constitute the necessary elements of place names. Note: Rewrite GB/T23295.1.1—2009 definition 3.2. 2.6
complete geographic names
complete geographic names
including the complete form of geographic names and common names 2.7
abbreviation of geographic names
abbreviation of geographic names Officially recognized or commonly used simple names of geographic names. Note: Rewrite GB/T18521—2001, definition 3.4. GB/T38210—2019
generic term used as specific term Generic term used as specific term A generic term of a geographic name that has been converted into a specific term component. Note: Rewrite GB/T17693.1-2008, definition 2.4. 2.9
Adjunct word of generic term Words that precede a generic term to indicate the direction, size, newness, etc. and modify a place name. 2.10
Adjunct word of specific term Words that precede a specific term to indicate the direction, size, newness, etc. and modify a place name. 3 Geographical entity
Geographical feature
The terrain entity on the surface of the earth or other planets. Note: Rewrite GB/T29633.1-2013 definition 2.1. 3.2
Classification of geographical feature Classification of geographical feature According to the shape, form and other characteristics of geographical features. 3.3
Human geographical feature
Human geographical feature
Geographical entity formed by artificial construction or transformation. 3.4
natural geographical featureNatural geographical feature
Geographical feature formed naturally on the earth or other planets. 3.5
lunargeographical feature
Lunar geographical feature
Geographical feature on the moon.
extraterrestrial geographical featurePlanetary geographical feature
Geographical feature on any planet or satellite other than the earth and the moon. 3.7
Land geographical featurebZxz.net
terrestrial geographical featureGeographical feature on land.
Hydrographic geographical featurehydrographicgeographicalfeatureSZe
Geographical feature formed by or mainly by water bodies or formed by the action of hydrological factors. 3.9
maritime geographical featureMaritime geographical feature
Geographical feature within the scope of the sea.
4 Place name categories
Place name alias allonym
Other current names of a geographical entity other than the standard place name and its abbreviation. Note: Rewrite GB/T18521-2001, definition 3.5. 4.2
conventionalgeographicalnames
Conventional geographical names are inconsistent with the place name standardization rules, but have been widely used. They are historically formed and conventional place names. Note: Also known as "common place names".
official geographical names
official place names
place names recognized, announced and used by the national place name standardization agency. 4.4
choronym
regional name
name of a surface geographical entity.
residential area name
residential area name
name of a place where humans gather and settle.
transportation facility name
odonym
name of a geographical entity of a transportation route and its ancillary facilities. 4.7
water conservancy facility name
water conservancy facility name the name of a geographical entity of a facility for managing, protecting and developing and utilizing natural water. 4.8
powerfacilityname
Power facility name
The name of the geographical entity consisting of facilities such as power generation, transmission, transformation, distribution and use. 4.9
Communication facility name
communicationfacilityname
The name of the geographical entity consisting of communication service facilities. 4.10
Memorial site name
memorial site name
GB/T38210—2019
The name of geographical entities such as sites and buildings that are related to major historical events and famous figures and have commemorative significance. 4.11
Tourist place name
Tourist place name
The name of a place for tourists to visit and play. 4.12
administrative area name
Administrative area name
Administrative area name
The name of administrative areas at all levels divided by the state for the purpose of implementing effective management. 3
GB/T38210—2019
Development zone namedevelopmentareanameThe name of an area designated by the government and implementing a special policy to promote economic development. 4.14
Protectedareaname
The name of an area with special significance and protected by the relevant government departments. 4.15
geographical names in Chinesegeographical names in Chinese4.16
geographical names in foreign languages
Geographical names in foreign languages.
Foreign geographical namesforeigngeographical namesThe names of geographical entities belonging to foreign countries. 4.18
geographical names in minority languages
geographical names in minority languages4.19
exonym
name of a geographical entity outside the country in a certain language with official status, and the name is different from the official language or other languages ​​of the place where the geographical entity is located.
former geographical names
historical geographical names
names of places that were used in the past but are no longer in use. [GB/T18521—2001, definition 3.7]
current geographical names
names of places currently in use.
Note: Rewrite GB/T18521—2001. Definition 3.6. 4.22
localgeographicalnames
Local place names
Place names used in the location of geographical entities.
Endonym
Place names named in the local language and writing of the area where the geographical entity is located 4.24
Indigenousgeographical names Place names derived from or derived from the local indigenous language 4.25
Eponym
Place names named after people.
Derivedgeographicalnames New place names derived from the main place name (or native place name). 5 Standardization of geographical names Standardization of geographical names The uniformity and norms established by geographical name agencies for the naming, writing, spelling, translation and use of geographical names. 5.2 National standardization of geographical names National standardization of geographical names Standardization of geographical names within the jurisdiction of a country. 5.3 International standardization of geographical names GB/T 38210—2019 Through international agreements, the highest degree of uniformity in the spoken and written translation of every geographical name on Earth or other planets is achieved. Note: International standardization of geographical names is based on national standardization of geographical names. 5.4
standardized geographical namesStandardized geographical names
Geographical names that have been standardized according to relevant national laws and regulations and approved, announced and used in accordance with the approval authority and procedures stipulated by the stateNote: Rewrite GB/T23295.1-2009, definition 3.6.5.5
nonstandard geographical names
nonstandard geographical namesGeographical names that have not been officially recognized.
standard of geographical names
Local, industry, national or international standards formulated for the standardization of geographical names. 5.7
guideline of geographical namesPrinciples on which the standardization of geographical names is based.
duplication of geographic al namesThe phenomenon that the names of two or more geographical entities are exactly the same. 5.9
romanization of geographical names
The translation or spelling of geographical names in non-Roman alphabetic script into geographical names in Roman alphabetic script. 5.10
romanization key
Romanization table
A table for transcribing non-Roman characters into Roman letters. 5.11
Unitary romanization of geographical names
The process of using only one romanization form for a geographical name. GB/T38210—2019
Romanization of Chinese geographical namesUsing Chinese phonetic spelling to spell Chinese geographical names.
6Conversion of geographical namesConversion of geographical names
The process of converting geographical names between two languages ​​or two scripts. 6.2
Paraprase of geographic names
The translation of geographical names using the meaning of the original text.
transcription of geographic names
Translation of geographic names The process of translating geographic names by copying the characters of a place name in one language (regardless of its pronunciation or meaning) or by converting the syllables.
translation of geographic names
General term for translation, transliteration and transcription of geographic names. 6.6
transcription and transliteration method of geographic names A method of transcribing geographic names according to the pronunciation of the transcribed place name and the pronunciation of the written language when the pronunciation is basically the same between different written languages. 6.7
conversion of geographic names from other languages ​​into Chinese
Translation of geographical names in other languages ​​into Chinese characters.
Note: Rewrite GB/T17693.1—2008, definition 2.5.6.8
conversion of geographical names from foreign languages ​​into ChineseConversion of geographical names from foreign languages ​​into ChineseConversion of geographical names from minority languages ​​into ChineseConversion of geographical names from minority languages ​​into Chinese. 6.10
conversion alphabet of geographical namesConversion alphabet of geographical namesA general term for the transliteration table and transcription table of geographical names. 6.11
transcription alphabet of geographical names
transcription alphabet of geographical names6
transliteration alphabet of geographical namesThe alphabet including diacritical marks used for transliteration of geographical names7
culture of geographical names
culture of geographical namesThe sum of the lexical culture of geographical names and the entity culture of geographical names. [MZ/T033—2012.Definition 2.3]
lexical culture of geographical names
The cultural connotation of the language, pronunciation, writing, meaning and evolution of geographical names. Note: Rewrite MZ/T033—2012, definition 2.1. 7.3
feature-culture of geographical names
The unique culture of history, geography, folklore, etc. carried by the geographical entity referred to by the geographical name Note: Rewrite MZ/T033—2012, definition 2.2. 7.4
cultural heritage of geographic names The geographical name culture with outstanding universal value. Note: Rewrite MZ/T0332012, definition 2.4. 7.5
source of geographical names
Source of geographical names
The origin of the geographical name and the relevant information on geography, history, culture, language and writing related to its naming. 7.6
legend of geographical names
legend of geographical names Legends related to the origin, formation and development of the geographical name. Research on geographical names
Toponymy
The discipline that studies the origin, word characteristics, meaning, evolution, distribution, application, management and standardization of geographical names. 8.2
Onomastics of geographical names
The discipline that studies the proper names of geographical names.
Textual research of geographic alnamesGB/T38210—2019
Based on credible historical documents and facts, through investigation, analysis and induction, to verify, explain or conclude the facts and laws of the origin, evolution, word formation, function, distribution, naming and renaming of geographical names. t
GB/T38210—2019
9Signs of geographical names
Signs of geographical namesFacilities that mark geographical names and related information.
Note: Rewrite GB17733-2008, definition 3.2. 9.2
Guiding sign of geographical names
Guiding sign of geographical names A geographical name sign that serves as a guide.
Plate of geographic names
Plate of geographical names
A sign used in public places with the theme of indicating geographical names. Note: It is part or all of a geographical name sign. 10
Digital geographical names
Data of geographic names
Data of geographical names
Digital and informational data of geographical name information: 10.2
database of geographical names
A collection of all geographical names and their related data in a specific area that is organized, stored and managed according to a certain data structure. 10.3
digital map of geographical names
A map of geographical names recorded, stored and used in digital form. 10.4
Map annotation
Map names and other contents expressed in words and numbers on a map. 10.5
Index of geographic names A list of geographical names arranged in a certain order for retrieval. 10.6
Geographic information
geographical information
Information about phenomena directly or indirectly related to places on the earth. [GB/T17694—2009. Definition B.211] 10.7
geographic information system
Information system that processes phenomena related to locations on the earth [GB/T17694—2009. Definition B.213].2
onomastics of geographical namesOnomastics of geographical names
The discipline that studies the proper names of geographical names.
Textual research of geographic al namesGB/T38210—2019
Using credible historical documents and facts, through investigation, analysis and induction, to verify, explain or draw conclusions on the origin, evolution, word formation, function, distribution, naming and renaming of geographical names. t
GB/T38210—2019
9Signs of geographical namesSigns of geographical namesFacilities that indicate geographical names and related information.
Note: Rewrite GB17733—2008, definition 3.2. 9.2
Guiding sign of geographical names
Guiding sign of geographical namesSigns of geographical names that play a guiding role.
plate of geographic names
place name sign
A sign used in public places with the theme of indicating place names. Note: It is part or all of the place name sign. 10
digital place names
data of geographic names
place name data
digital and informational data of place name information: 10.2
database of geographical names
a collection of all place names and related data in a specific area organized, stored and managed according to a certain data structure. 10.3
digital map of geographical names
a map of geographical names recorded, stored and used in digital form. 10.4
map annotation
map annotation
place names on the map and other contents expressed in words and numbers. 10.5
index ofgeographical names A list of place names arranged in a certain order for retrieval. 10.6
geographical information
geographical information
Information about phenomena directly or indirectly related to places on the earth. [GB/T17694—2009.Definition B.211] 10.7
geographic information system
Information system that processes phenomena related to locations on the earth [GB/T17694—2009.Definition B.213].2
onomastics of geographical namesOnomastics of geographical names
The discipline that studies the proper names of geographical names.
Textual research of geographic al namesGB/T38210—2019
Using credible historical documents and facts, through investigation, analysis and induction, to verify, explain or draw conclusions on the origin, evolution, word formation, function, distribution, naming and renaming of geographical names. t
GB/T38210—2019
9Signs of geographical namesSigns of geographical namesFacilities that indicate geographical names and related information.
Note: Rewrite GB17733—2008, definition 3.2. 9.2
Guiding sign of geographical names
Guiding sign of geographical namesSigns of geographical names that play a guiding role.
plate of geographic names
place name sign
A sign used in public places with the theme of indicating place names. Note: It is part or all of the place name sign. 10
digital place names
data of geographic names
place name data
digital and informational data of place name information: 10.2
database of geographical names
a collection of all place names and related data in a specific area organized, stored and managed according to a certain data structure. 10.3
digital map of geographical names
a map of geographical names recorded, stored and used in digital form. 10.4
map annotation
map annotation
place names on the map and other contents expressed in words and numbers. 10.5
index ofgeographical names A list of place names arranged in a certain order for retrieval. 10.6
geographical information
geographical information
Information about phenomena directly or indirectly related to places on the earth. [GB/T17694—2009.Definition B.211] 10.7
geographic information system
Information system that processes phenomena related to locations on the earth [GB/T17694—2009.Definition B.213].
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