This standard specifies the names and symbols of quantities and units in physical chemistry and molecular physics; where appropriate, conversion factors are given. This standard applies to all fields of science and technology. GB 3102.8-1993 Quantities and units of physical chemistry and molecular physics GB3102.8-1993 Standard download and decompression password: www.bzxz.net

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National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Quantities and units Physical chemistry and molecular physicsGB 3102.8--93
Replaces GB 3102.8--86
This standard equivalently adopts the international standard IS031-8:1992 "Quantities and units Part 8: Physical chemistry and molecular physics". This standard is one of a series of national standards on quantities and units that have been formulated. This series of national standards is: GB3100 International System of Units and Its Application:
GB3101 General Principles of Quantities, Units and Symbols; GB3102.1 Quantities and Units of Space and Time; Domain and Units of Periods and Related Phenomena
GB3102.2
GB3102.3
Quantities and Units of Mechanics;
Quantities and Units of Thermodynamics:
GB 312.4
GB 3102.5
Quantities and Units of Electricity and Magnetism;
Quantities and Units of Light and Related Electromagnetic Radiation: GB3102.6
GH 3102. 7
GB 3102.8
Quantities and units of acoustics:
Quantities and units of physical chemistry and molecular physics: Quantities and units of atomic physics and nuclear physics: GB 3102.9
GB3102.10Quantities and units of nuclear reactions and ionizing radiation; GB3102.11
Mathematical symbols used in physical science and technology: GB3102.12 Characteristic numbers
Basis and units of physics.
GB 3102.13F
The above national standards implement the "Metrology Law of the People's Republic of China", "Standardization Law of the People's Republic of China", "Order on the Unified Implementation of Legal Units of Measurement in my country" promulgated by the State Council on February 27, 1984, and "Legal Units of Measurement of the People's Republic of China". The main contents of this standard are listed in the form of a table. The columns related to the basis in the table are listed on the left pages, and the units are listed on the corresponding right pages and aligned. All units between two solid lines are the units of the quantities between the corresponding solid lines on the left pages. The tables of quantities list the most important processes and their symbols in the field of this standard and give definitions of the quantities in most cases, but these definitions are only for identification and are not all complete. Certain vector properties, especially when necessary for definition, have been indicated, but no attempt is made to make them complete or consistent. In most cases, only one name and one symbol are given for each basis. When two or more names or symbols are given for a quantity and no distinction is made between them, they are on an equal footing. When two italic letters exist (for example: 9, 6.9, 0.98), only one of them is given. This does not mean that the other is not equally applicable. Generally, such variant characters should not be given different meanings. The symbols in brackets are "alternative symbols for use when the main symbol is used with different meanings in specific cases. The corresponding units of quantity are listed together with their international symbols and definitions. The units are arranged as follows:
Generally only SI units are given. SI units and their decimal multiples and fractional units formed with SI prefixes should be used. Decimal multiples and fractions Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on December 27, 1993 214
Implementation on July 1, 1994
GB 3102.8—93
The units are not explicitly given. Non-SI units that can be used with SI units and belong to national legal measurement units are listed under SI units and separated from the corresponding SI units by dotted lines. Non-national legal measurement units used in special fields are listed in the "Conversion Factors and Remarks\" column. Some non-national legal measurement units are listed in the appendix (reference), which is not part of the standard. Notes on units of quantities with dimension one:
The consistent unit for any quantity with dimension one is the number one (1). When expressing the value of such a quantity, the unit 1 is not usually written explicitly. Prefixes should not be added to the number 1 to form decimal multiples or fractions of this unit. Prefixes can be replaced by powers of 10. Example:
Refractive index n=1.53×1-1.53
Reynolds number Re=1.32×10
Considering that plane angles are generally expressed as the ratio of two lengths and solid angles as the ratio of the area to the square of the length, the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) stipulated in 1980 that radians and steradian degrees are dimensionless derived units in the International System of Units: this means that plane angles and solid angles are dimensionless derived quantities. In order to facilitate the identification of quantities with different dimensions, the units degree and steradian can be used in the expression of derived units.
Numerical representation:
All numerical values ??in the "Definition" column are accurate. If the numerical values ??in the "Conversion Factors and Remarks" column are accurate, the words "Accurate Value" are added in brackets after the numerical values. Special notes for this standard:
The relative atomic mass A and relative molecular mass M in this standard were formerly called atomic massto replace
n. Refer to 8-10.1
L=(6.022136 7±
0.000 0036)X
1023 mol-1 1)
m is the mass of the substance
At 273.15K and
101.325kPa, the molar volume of the ideal gas
body is
V..(0.02241410±
0.00000019)m/mol1)||tt ||Item
No.
8-1.a
8-2.a
8-3.a
8-4.a| |tt||8-5.a
8-6.a
Unit name
one
one
Moore]||tt ||mole
per mole
reciprocal mole,
mole to the
power minus one
kilogram per mole|| tt||kilogram per
mole
cubic meter per mole
cubic meter per
mole
symbol
1| |tt||mol
mol-1
kg/mol
m*/mol
GB 3102.893
Definition
Definition| |tt||Mole is a system of substances
Unit: 8-1.a-~8-6.a
Conversion factors and remarks
See introduction
See Introduction
This definition applies to a quantity at rest in the ground state
that contains as many basic units of unbound carbon-12 atoms as
0.012kg of carbon-12 atoms
The numbers are equal. When using mole
, the basic unit should be specified.
can be atoms, molecules, ions,
ions, electrons and other particles, or
Specific combination
M=10-'M, kg/mol =
M, kg/kmol= Mr g/mol
where M is the substance that determines the chemical composition|| Relative molecular mass of tt||
217
Quantity: 8-7.1~8-9
Item number
8-7.1
8-7.2
8-7.3
8-7.4
8-8.1
8-8.2
8-8.3
8-9|| tt||218
Name of quantity
Molar thermodynamic energy
molar
thermodynamic
energy
Molar roast
molar enthalpy
Molar Helmholtz function
Molar Helmholtz free
energy
molar Helmholtz
function,
molar Helmholtz
free energy
Molar Gibbs function,
Molar Gibbs free energy
molar Gibbs
function
molar Gibbs
free energy
Molar heat capacity
molar heat
capacity
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure
molar heat
capacity at
constant pressure
molar constant volume heat capacity
molar heat
capacity at
constant volurne
molar heat||tt ||molar entropy
symbol
Um
Hm
Am
Gm
C
Cpn||tt| |Cv.m
S.
GB 3102.8—93
Definition
The apparent thermodynamic energy divided by the substance
Um=U/n|| tt||Pe divided by the amount of matter
HmH/n
Helmholtz function divided by the amount of matter
Am=A/n
Gibbs Function divided by the amount of substance
Gm=G/n
Heat capacity divided by the amount of substance
CC/n
Heat capacity at constant pressure divided by the amount of substance
Cp.m=C,/n
Heat capacity at constant volume divided by the amount of substance
Cv.m=Cv/n
Divided by the amount of substance| |tt||S.=S/n
Remarks
This quantity is also called molar internal energy
(molar internal energy)
Refer to GB3102.4|| tt||Refer to GB3102.4
Refer to GB3102.4
Item
No.
8-7.a
8-8.a|| tt||8-9.a
Unit name
joule [ear] per mole [el]]
joule per mole
symbol
J /mol
Joule [ear] per mole
J/(mol ·K)
K[ervin]
joule per mole||tt| | kelvin |
Defined
J/(mol ·K)
Definition
Unit; 8-7.±-8-9 a
Conversion factors and remarks
219
Quantity: 8-10.1~8-14.2
No.
Item
8-10.1
8-10.2|| tt||8-11.1
Name of quantity
Volume of molecules (or particles)
Number
volutnic number
of molecules
(or particles),
number density of molecules
degree
number density
of molecules
(or particles)||tt| |Molecular concentration of B
molecular
concentration
ofB
volume mass
volurmic mass,
mass density
mass density:
density
density
8-11.2B mass concentration
mass concentration
ofB
8-12|| tt||8-13
mass fraction of B
concentration of B
concentration of B.
Amount concentration
amount-of-
substance
concentration of B
8-14.1B mole fraction
mole fraction of B||tt| |8-14.2
mole ratio of
soluteB
220
symbol
n
C| |tt||p
Pp
wB
CB
T.(yn)
rB
GB 3102.8--93| |tt||Definition
Definition
The number of molecules (or particles) divided by the volume.
n=N/V
The number of molecules of B divided by the volume of the mixture
The mass divided by the volume
The mass of B divided by the volume of the mixture||tt| |The ratio of the mass of B to the mass of the mixture
The amount of substance B divided by the volume of the mixture
Product
The amount of substance B to the substance of the mixture
The ratio of the amount of the substance
The ratio of the amount of the substance of the solute B to the amount of the substance of the solvent

Note
is also expressed in chemistry
[B]
Alternative names for these quantities
are the amount fractions of substances and the amount ratios of substances
mass
for a single solute The solution
solution,
r=x/(1—±)
term
No.
8-10.a
8-11.a
8-11.b
8-12.a
8-13.a
8-13.b
8-14.a
Unit name
per cubic meter
reciprocal cubic
metre
negative cubic meter
metre to the
power minus
three
kilogram per cubic meter
kilogram per
cubic meter
kilogram per liter
kilogram per
litre
one
mole per cubic meter
mole per cubic
metre
mole per liter
mole per liter
one
symbol
ma
kg/m2
kg/l,
kg/ L
1
mol/m3
mol/,
mol/L
1
GB 3102.8—93||tt| |Definition
Definition
Unit: 8-10.a~8-14.a
Conversion factors and remarks
1 kg/1=10kg/m2=| | tt | l=10° mol/m*
1mol/dm
See introduction
221
Item
Quantity: 8-15~8-19| |tt||No.
8-15
8-16
8-17
8-18
8-19
222
Quantity name
Volume fraction of B
volume fraction of
B
Mass mole of solute B
mol concentration| |tt||molality of
soluteB
chemical potential of B
chemical
potential of B
absolute activity of B
absolute activity
ofB
Partial pressure of B (in a gaseous
body mixture)
partial pressure
of B (in a gaseous||tt ||mixture)
symbol
e
bg.mB
g
PB
GB3102.8—93||tt| |Definition
For mixtures,
P=TBVH.B/(ZA ZAVm.A)
where V is the sum of pure substance A at the same temperature
The mole volume at pressure, and three represents the sum over the entire range of substances
The amount of the substance of solute B in the solution divided by
by the mass of the solvent
For containing substances B, C , the combination of
matter,
Pg=(aG/ann)r.pne.
where is the amount of substance B, G is
cloth Sri Lankan function
A=exp(μ/RT)
For gas mixtures,
p
where is the pressure
Remarks
An alternative definition of
can also be used, that is, the partial molar form of A
product Va - (a /ana).-
replaces the mole of pure substance A ||tt| |Volume VA, the
partial molar volume of pure substance A can be expressed by V: table
, V is completely phase with V.
, etc.
For pure substances, || tt||μ=G/n=G.
where G. is the Moore Gibbs
function.
The quantity symbol u is also used to represent
G/L, L is Avogad
Luo constant
For R, see 8-36.T|| tt|| is the thermodynamic temperature
This is also called the fraction of B
pressure
8—93
Definition
Definition
Unit: 8-10.a~8-14.a
Conversion factors and remarks
1 kg/ 1=10kg/m2=
1 kg/dm*
The symbol L is CGPM (1979) adopting
as the replacement symbol for the liter symbol 1
See Introduction| |tt||1 mol/l=10° mol/m*
1mol/dm
See introduction
221
Item
Quantity: 8 -15~8-19
No.
8-15
8-16
8-17
8-18
8 -19
222
The name of the quantity
The volume fraction of B
volume fraction of
B
The molar mass of solute B| |tt||molality of
soluteB
chemical potential of B
chemical
potential of B
Activity
absolute activity
ofB
Partial pressure of B (in gas
body mixture)
partial pressure
of B (in a gaseous
mixture)
symbol
ebZxz.net
bg.mB
g
PB
GB3102. 8-93
Definition
For mixtures,
P=TBVH.B/(ZA ZAVm.A)
where V, is pure substance A at the same temperature
The mole volume at degrees and pressures, and three represents the sum over the entire range of substances
The amount of solute B in the solution divided
|For compounds containing substances B and C,
Pg=(aG/ann)r.pne.
The amount of the substance B in the formula, G is
Booth function
A=exp(μ/RT)
For gas mixtures,
p
where is the pressure||tt| |Remarks
You can also use an alternative definition
, that is, use the partial molar body of A
product Va - (a /ana).-
to replace the pure substance The molar
volume VA of A, the
partial molar volume of pure substance A can be expressed by V: table
, V and V. are in complete phase
, etc. ||tt| |For pure substances,
μ=G/n=G.
where G. is the molar Gibbs
function.
The quantity symbol u is also used to represent
G/L, L is Avogad
Luo constant
For R, see 8-36.T|| tt|| is the thermodynamic temperature
This is also called the fraction of B
pressure
8—93
Definition
Definition
Unit: 8-10.a~8-14.a
Conversion factors and remarks
1 kg/ 1=10kg/m2=
1 kg/dm*
The symbol L is CGPM (1979) adopting
as the replacement symbol for the liter symbol 1
See Introduction| |tt||1 mol/l=10° mol/m*
1mol/dm
See introduction
221
Item
Quantity: 8 -15~8-19
No.
8-15
8-16
8-17
8-18
8 -19
222
The name of the quantity
The volume fraction of B
volume fraction of
B
The molar mass of solute B| |tt||molality of
soluteB
chemical potential of B
chemical
potential of B
Activity
absolute activity
ofB
Partial pressure of B (in gas
body mixture)
partial pressure
of B (in a gaseous
mixture)
symbol
e
bg.mB
g
PB
GB3102. 8-93
Definition
For mixtures,
P=TBVH.B/(ZA ZAVm.A)
where V, is pure substance A at the same temperature
The mole volume at degrees and pressures, and three represents the sum over the entire range of substances
The amount of solute B in the solution divided
|For Hong Kong compounds containing substances B and C,
Pg=(aG/ann)r.pne.
The amount of the substance B in the formula, G is
Booth function
A=exp(μ/RT)
For gas mixtures,
p
where is the pressure||tt| |Remarks
You can also use an alternative definition
, that is, use the partial molar body of A
product Va - (a /ana).-
to replace the pure substance The molar
volume VA of A, the
partial molar volume of pure substance A can be expressed by V: table
, V and V. are in complete phase
, etc. ||tt| |For pure substances,
μ=G/n=G.
where G. is the molar Gibbs
function.
The quantity symbol u is also used to represent
G/L, L is Avogad
Luo constant
For R, see 8-36.T|| tt|| is the thermodynamic temperature
This is also called the fraction of B
pressure
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