NY/T 5061-2002 Technical specification for breeding of large yellow croaker for pollution-free food
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Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5061-2002
Replaces NY/T5061-2001
Pollution-free Food
Issued on July 25, 2002
Technical Specifications for Breeding of Large Yellow Croaker
Implementation on September 1, 2002
Issued by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5061--2002
This standard revise NY/T5061--2001 "Pollution-free Food NY/T5061--2001". The main changes are as follows: - The number of broodstock is specified in 3.1.3;
Technical Specifications for Breeding of Large Yellow Croaker". This standard distinguishes the requirements for spring and autumn broodstock cultivation in 3.3 and 3.4; the layout of the cages is modified in 5.2.1; the content of fish disease prevention is added in 7.1; the format and content of Table 3 are adjusted accordingly in 7.2, which is modified to the name of fish disease, season of onset, symptoms and treatment methods, and some commonly used Chinese medicines are added to the treatment methods, and some medicines that may have adverse effects on food safety are deleted. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. This standard is drafted by the National Technical Committee for Aquatic Standardization. The drafting unit of this standard is the Ningde Aquatic Technology Extension Station of Fujian Province. The main drafters of this standard are Liu Jiafu, Xie Fangjing, Liu Zhaokun, Zhou Shengli, Zheng Qinhua, and Lin Yongtian. The previous versions of the standards replaced by this standard are: NY/T5061—2001.78
1 Scope
Technical Specifications for the Breeding of Large Yellow Croaker for Pollution-free Food NY/T 5061-2002
This standard specifies the breeding of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) broodstock, artificial breeding, fingerling breeding, edible fish breeding and fish disease prevention.
This standard applies to the cage and pond breeding of pollution-free large yellow croaker. 2 Normative References
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, the parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. NY5052 Pollution-free food Water quality for marine aquaculture NY5071 Pollution-free food
Guidelines for the use of fishery drugs
NY5072 Pollution-free food
Safety limits of compound feed for fishery
3 Broodstock cultivation
3.1 Broodstock selection
31.1 Source
Sourced from original breeding farms or improved breeding farms that hold large yellow croaker production licenses issued by the state; it is strictly forbidden to keep the offspring of inbreeding as broodstock. Broodstock must be healthy, free of disease, injury, and deformity. Cross-regional transportation must be subject to quarantine. 3.1.2 Proportional shape
Body length/body height is 3.7~4.1. Body length/head length is 3.9~4.3, tail peduncle length/roof peduncle height is 3.1~3.9, head length/body length is 4.4~4.9, head length/eye diameter is 3.7~～4.1.
3.1.3 Specifications, ratio and quantity
2-year-old female fish is more than 800g/tail, male fish is more than 400g/tail, 3-year-old female fish is more than 1200g/tail, male fish is more than 600g/tail. The ratio of female and male broodstock is preferably 2:1. The number of broodstock is more than 50. 3.1.4 Service life
Broodstock can be used up to 6 years old.
3.2 Broodstock transportation
Usually use live water boats and transport when the wind and waves are not big, with a density of about 40kg/m. It can also be transported in water, canvas boxes or plastic film bags with oxygen. The density should be below 20kg/m2, and it is not suitable for long-distance transportation of more than 10 hours. 3.3 Cage cultivation in sea areas
3.3.1 Cage requirements
Specifications--generally (3.0~6.0)m×(3.0~6.03m×(3.0~~6.0)m, mesh length 15mm~~30mm. 3.3.2 Feeding management
The feeds used generally include fresh fish, shellfish, sandworms and compound feeds. The feeds should comply with the provisions of NY5072. In spring, when the water temperature is below 14°C, feed once every 1d~2d, and the daily feeding rate of fresh fish is less than 1%. When the water temperature is above 14°C, feed once a day, and the daily feeding rate of fresh fish is 2%~4%. In autumn, when the water temperature is below 25°C, feed twice a day, and the daily feeding rate of fresh fish is 5%8%. 79
NY/T 5061--2002
3.4 Indoor cement pool cultivation
Mainly used for spring heating and breeding of broodstock.
3.4.1 Environmental conditions
Environmental conditions should meet the following requirements:
- Water quality: should meet the requirements of NY5052; Light intensity: 500lx~1000lx;
Water temperature: 15℃~25℃, preferably 20℃~22℃; Salinity: 17~32, preferably 23~30. 3.4.2 Cultivation pool
Should be located in a quiet place with good thermal insulation performance. Each cultivation pool should be 40m2 in area, square or round shape, with an average water depth of more than 1.5m.
3.4.3 Feeding and management
The feeds used generally include fresh fish, shellfish meat, sandworms and compound feeds. Move into the indoor pool about 40 days before artificial induction of spawning. The stocking density should be 1.5kg/m2. The daily feeding rate of fresh fish is 3%~5%, 1~2 times a day, in the morning or evening. The daily water change volume is about 50%.
4 Artificial seedling breeding
4.1 Environmental conditions
Environmental conditions should meet the following requirements:
--Water quality: should meet the requirements of NY5052; water temperature 18℃~26℃;
Salt Degree: 23~~30;
—Light: There should be sufficient diffuse light, avoid direct light, and the light intensity is 10001x~40001x. 4.2 Commercial seedling facilities
4.2.1 The nursery room
should be equipped with a blackout curtain and polyethylene film to make the indoor light adjustable and have good thermal insulation performance. 4.2.2 Spawning pond
Square or round; the four corners of the square pond are solitary. Each pond has an area of 25m2~45m2 and a water depth of 1.6m~1.8m. 4.2.3 Nursery pond
Each pond has an area of 20m2~40m2, a water depth of 1.5m~1.6m, and has independent inlet and outlet The bottom of the pond is inclined toward the drainage hole at a certain slope to facilitate drainage.
4.2.4 Bait culture equipment and facilities
The total area is about 60% of the total area of the nursery pond. For specific requirements, see Table 1. Table 1 Bait culture equipment and facilities
Equipment and facilities
First-level culture container (triangular flask or transparent plastic bag) Second-level culture tank (cement tank)
Third-level culture tank (cement tank)
Rotifer culture tank (cement tank)
Artemia incubator (glass fiber reinforced plastic or hard plastic barrel or round cement tank) 4.2.5 Supporting facilities
Volume or area
100 mL.300 mL,500 mL.1 000 mL,3 000 mL2m2~10m2
20 m2~40m2
5 m2～45m2
0.5m2~5m2
180cm~~100cm
1. 0 m~1. 2 m
1. 4 m~1. 5 m
It should be equipped with power supply system, water supply system, air supply system, heating system, etc. The daily water lifting capacity of the water supply system pump should be greater than the water consumption at the peak of 80
water for seedling cultivation, and the total water intake of the sedimentation tank and the reservoir should not be less than the daily water consumption. 4.3 Fry cultivation
4.3.1 Ovulation
NY/T 5061--2002
After the broodstock are intoxicated with anesthesia, hormones are injected from the base of the pectoral fin or the base of the dorsal fin. The type and dosage of hormones depend on the water temperature and the maturity of the gonads of the broodstock. The dosage of male fish is half of that of female fish.
4.3.2 Incubation
The density of fertilized eggs in water is 3×104/m3~1×104/m3 in still water. 4.3.3 Stocking density
2.4×104 tails/m2-0.8×104 tails/m2 in larval stage, 0.6×104 tails/m3-0.3×104 tails/m2 in juvenile stage, 0.2×10* tails/m3~0.1×104 tails/m2 in young stage
4.3.4 Feed series
4.3.4, 1 Brachionus rotifer
Before warming, it is fortified with 20×10%/mL Chlorella solution for more than 6 hours. See Table 2 for the feeding method. Table 2 Brachionus rotifer feeding method
Fry age/d
4.3.4.2 Artemia nauplii
Rotifer density in water/(individuals/m3)
Feeding time is 12 days to 16 days old, and the density in water is 0.5/mL~1/mL. 4.3.4.3 Copepods and their nauplii
Should be collected from waters without pollution and pathogens. Feeding starts from 12 days old, and the density in the water is maintained at 0.2/mL~0.5/mL.
4.3.4.4 Minced fish, shrimp, and shellfish meat and compound feeds Daily feeding amount of meat: 20 days to 30 days old, 50g/10,000 tails to 80 people/10,000 tails: 30 days to 45 days old, 100 people/10,000 tails to 120g/10,000 tails. For those over 35 days old, a proper amount of powdered compound feed can be mixed into the minced meat. 4.3.5 Daily Management
Continuous aeration should be carried out to keep the dissolved oxygen in the water above 5mg/L. Change the water once or twice a day, with a daily water change rate of 20%~120%, and use a siphon to suck out the remaining bait, dead fry, feces and other debris at the bottom of the pond when changing the water. Observe the feeding of fry and young fish frequently, monitor the changes in physical and chemical factors, and deal with problems in a timely manner. 4.4 Intermediate Cultivation
When the fry are cultivated in the indoor cement pool to a total length of more than 20mm, they can be moved to the sea area cages for continued cultivation until the total length reaches 30mm.
4.5 Quality Requirements
The fry are of uniform size and specifications, with a total length of more than 30mm, free of injuries, diseases, and deformities, and swim actively. 5 Fish Breeding
5.1 Environmental Conditions
5.1.1 Selection of Cage Area
It should be located in a sea area that can avoid strong winds and waves, with a water depth of more than 5m. The tide should be smooth, the sea area flow velocity is less than 1.5m/s, the flow direction is straight and stable, and the flow velocity in the cage is less than 0.2m/s after measures such as flow blocking. 5.1.2 Environmental Conditions around Cage Area
NY/T 5061--2002
There are no direct pollution sources such as industrial "three wastes" and agricultural, domestic, and medical wastes. 5.1.3 Water environment factors
Water environment factors should meet the following requirements:
-Water quality: should meet the requirements of NY5052;
-Water temperature: 8℃～30℃, early spring fry should be stocked at above 14℃;-Salinity: 13~32;
Transparency: 0.2m~3.0m, the most suitable is 1.0m. 5.2 Design and maintenance of cage area
5.2.1 Cage layout
The cages for breeding large yellow croaker are floating cages. According to the size of the cages and the different conditions of tides and waves, every 100 cages are connected into a cage piece, and the cage area is formed by the local sea area where dozens of cage pieces are distributed. The breeding area of each cage area cannot exceed 15% of the breeding sea surface. There should be a main harbor channel of more than 50m width between each cage piece, and multiple secondary harbor channels of more than 20m. The minimum distance between each cage piece is more than 10m, and each cage area should be separated by more than 500m. Each cage area should be cultured for two consecutive years, and the current blocking device and cages should be collected, and the body culture should be more than half a year.
5.2.2 Environmental sanitation of cage areas
Domestic sewage, waste, leftover bait, garbage, dead fish, etc. on the cages shall not be directly discarded into the sea area. Each cage piece should be equipped with a collection container for classified collection, and each cage area should be equipped with a boat and a dedicated person to collect and process. 5.3 Selection of cages
The cage specifications are generally (3.0~6.0)m×(3.0～6.0)m×(2.5~3.0)m, and the net of the cage is a knotless mesh. For stocking fry with a total length of 25mm~30mm, the mesh length is 3mm~4mm; for stocking fry with a total length of 40mm~50mm, the mesh length is 4mm5mm; for stocking fry with a total length of more than 50mm, the mesh length is 5mm~10mm. 5.4 Transportation
Depending on the length of the transportation distance and the size of the fry, the transport density in live water is generally 1.5×10/m~6×104/m; the packaging and transportation of oxygenated plastic film bags (0.4m×0.8m) should be carried out below 15℃, with 200 to 1000 fry per bag. 5.5 Stocking
The stocking of fry should be carried out during the low tide period, when the tide is low and slow. In the low temperature season, it should be carried out in the afternoon when the weather is sunny and windless. In the high temperature season, it should be carried out in the morning and evening when the weather is cool. The stocking density of fry with a total length of 25mm is about 1500 fry/m, and the density gradually decreases as the fish grows.
5.6 Feed Types
Fry just put into the cage can be fed with suitable compound feed, minced fish and shellfish, mysid shrimp, large frozen copepods, etc. Fish species that grow to more than 25g can be fed directly with chopped fish meat. 5.7 Feeding
Feeding in small amounts and multiple times slowly is adopted. When just put into the cage, feed 8 to 10 times a day, and then gradually reduce to 2 times, feeding in the morning and evening. For fry with a total length of less than 30mm, when the temperature is above 20℃, the daily feeding rate of minced fish and shellfish is about 100%. As the fry grow up, the feeding rate is gradually reduced.
5.8 Daily Management
5.8.1 Changing and Washing Cages
In the hot season, cages with a mesh length of 3mm should be changed and washed every 3d~5d, cages with a mesh length of 4mm every 5d~8d, and cages with a mesh length of 5mm every 8d~12d. Nets with mesh lengths of more than 10 mm should be replaced and washed every 15 to 30 days depending on the water temperature. At the same time, the strains should be screened and separated into boxes and the fish bodies should be disinfected.
5.8.2 Other management
Observe the physical and chemical factors such as water temperature, salinity, transparency and water flow regularly every day, as well as the clustering, feeding, disease and death of seedlings. If any problems are found, measures should be taken in time and detailed records should be made. 82
5.9 Wintering management
5.9.1 Early management
Carry out grouping and separation of fish species and strengthen feeding, and do a good job in safety prevention and disease prevention of net cages. 5.9.2 Mid-term management
NY/T 5061—2002
When the water temperature is 10℃～15℃, feed once every 1d～2d, and the feeding rate should be 1%, and feed in the evening. At the same time, do a good job in daily management and try to avoid moving boxes. When the water temperature is below 8℃, protective measures should be taken. 5.9.3 Management in the later stage
Feed once a day, and the feeding rate should be increased slowly day by day, and try to avoid cage transfer operations. 5.10 Quality requirements
Fish species specifications are above 50g/tail, uniform in size, symmetrical in shape, with complete scales, no injuries, no diseases, no deformities, active in swimming, normal movement without large-scale mortality.
6 Feeding of edible fish
6.1 Cage breeding
6.1.1 Environmental conditions
Follow 5.1.
6.1.2 Setting up and maintaining the cage area
Follow 5.2.
6:1.3 Choice of cages
The cage specifications are generally (3.0~6.0)m×(3.0~6.0)m×(3.0~6.0)m, the mesh length is 10mm~30mm, and the net is a mesh with or without nodules. In addition, large deep-water cages can be selected. 6.1.4 Transportation
The transport density of live water ships is 600 tails/m2~800 tails/m2. 6.1.5 Stocking of fish
Stocking should be carried out during the low tide period. Fresh water can be used to disinfect the fish before stocking. The stocking density of 50g/tail fish is preferably 30 tails/m3. A small amount of fry of bream, blue fish, etc. can be mixed. 6.1.6 Feed
The feed used includes compound feed, fresh fish, etc. The feed should comply with the provisions of NY5072. 6.1.7 Feeding
Feed once in the morning and evening every day, with a daily feeding rate of 3%-6%; feed once a day during the winter, and every other day in rainy weather, with a daily feeding rate of less than 1%.
6.1.8 Daily Management
Replace and clean the net cages in time according to the water temperature and the blockage of the mesh, and screen and disinfect the fish at the same time. Observe the physical and chemical factors such as water temperature, salinity, transparency and water flow, as well as the clustering, feeding, disease and death of fish every day. If any problems are found, measures should be taken in time and recorded in detail.
6. 2 Pond Breeding
6.2.1 Pond Requirements
The pond size is preferably 1.3ha, with an average water depth of more than 2m, and the pond bottom is inclined towards the drain with a certain slope. The pond bottom is preferably sandy or stone. The water quality should meet the requirements of NY5052. The pond should preferably be located in a place with a fresh water source, and the water should be changed for more than 12 days within 15 days of each tide, or equipped with pumping equipment suitable for the size of the pond. The shallows and the inlet and outlet gates of the pond should be fenced with dense nets. Strictly clean and disinfect the pond before stocking the fish.
6.2.2 Transportation
According to 6.1.4.
NY/T 5061--2002
6.2.3 Stocking of fish
The fish bodies should be disinfected. The stocking density should be based on the water depth and water change conditions. Each pond should be stocked with 7,500 to 1,000 fish weighing about 100g per tail. It can be appropriately mixed with fish, blue crabs and other seedlings. 6.2.4 Simple feeding and feeding
According to 6.1.6 and 6.1.7.
6.2.5 Daily management
Change the water once or twice a day. Sprinkle the whole pond with quicklime (15mg-20mg quicklime per liter of seawater) every 10 days or so to improve the water quality and bottom quality. Patrol the pond every morning, noon and evening to observe the water temperature, salinity, transparency, water level changes and fish activities, take timely measures when problems are found, and record them in detail.
7 Fish disease prevention and control
7:1 Prevention
Before the fry and fingerlings are put into the net cage or pond for breeding, they must be strictly disinfected and according to the living habits and disease patterns of large yellow croaker, do a good job in daily feeding and management to reduce the chance of disease and promote healthy breeding with prevention as the main focus. Immunization can be used to prevent superficial ulcer disease and vibriosis.
7.2 Treatment
The use of drugs should comply with the provisions of NY5071. See Table 3 for treatments of common fish diseases of large yellow croaker. Table 3 Treatments of common fish diseases of large yellow croaker
Name of fish disease
Enteritis
Ulcers on body surface
Vibrio
Benny disease
Season/month
The waist of the sick fish is swollen, with large amounts of water inside. When the abdomen is pressed lightly, light yellow mucus flows out of the anus. Some sick fish have bleeding skin and bleeding in the fins; when dissecting sick fish, the intestines are sputumy, and the intestinal wall is red and thin.
The skin of the sick fish is sugary, the gills are bleeding, the fins are rotten, and some have sores or ulcers on the body surface. When dissecting sick fish, the pyloric tract is bleeding, the intestines are full of earthy yellow mucus, the rectum is white mucus, and the liver is dark red or light yellow.
In the early stage of infection, the body color is often patchy and faded, the appetite is poor, and the fish swims slowly on the water surface, sometimes in a whirlpool. As the disease progresses, the scales fall off, the snout is swollen, the membranes of the canthus are shrunken, the inner eye and anus are red and swollen, and yellow mucus often flows out.
Benedenia parasitizes the skin of the fish. When the number of parasites is large, the sick fish is in a state of restlessness, often swimming abnormally in the water or rubbing its body against the net cage and other objects: the body surface mucus increases, the skin of the pancreas is rough or turns white or dark blue. Those with severe infection have punctate bleeding and ulcers on the body surface, and lose appetite or do not eat. Treatment method
Mix 1.0g~2.0g of allicin per dry gram of feed
Feed continuously for 3d~5d.
Spray 2mg4mg of gallnut (grind it first and then soak it in boiling water) with seawater, and continue to spray for 3 days; or mix 3050g of Sanhuang powder per dry gram of feed, and continue to give it to the sun for 3d~5d.
Spray 2mg4mg of gallnut (grind it first and then soak it in boiling water) with seawater, and continue to spray for 3d
Or mix 30g~50g of Sanhuang powder per dry gram of feed, and continue to give it to the sun for 3d~5d
Bath in fresh water for 5min-10min.
Name of fish disease
Valveolar cysts
Amylotrichum vorticella
Cryptoceras irritans
Season/month of disease
Pre-harvest treatment of edible fish
Table 3 (continued)
Parasitizes on the skin and gills of large yellow croaker, and many white spots (white dots) of different sizes appear at the parasitic sites. The sick fish swims weakly and floats alone on the water surface. The gills are severely anemic and grayish white, and are adhered to a lot of dirt. Breathing is difficult. The pectoral fins of dead fish are forward but straight, and the gill covers are open.
The trophic body of amylotrichum vorticella mainly parasitizes on the gills of fish, followed by the skin and fins of the body. Severely ill fish appear to have many small white spots. The sick fish swims slowly and floats weakly on the water surface. The gill covers open and close irregularly, and the mouth often cannot close. Sometimes it sprays water and has difficulty breathing. Sometimes it leans on solid objects and nets to rub its body.
Many small white spots can be observed with the naked eye on the surface of the body, gills, cornea and mouth of the diseased fish, where they are in contact with the outside world. In severe cases, the skin of the diseased fish is dotted with congestion, and the mucus on the gills and body surface increases, forming a layer of white turbid film. The diseased fish has a poor appetite or does not eat, is thin, weak in swimming, has difficulty breathing, and may eventually die of ventricular asphyxiation.
Stop using the drug according to the withdrawal period specified in NY5071, and stop feeding for 1d to 2d before catching. NY/T5061—2002
Treatment methods
Freshwater soaking for 2 min~4 min; or add 10 mg~12 mg of copper sulfate per liter of seawater and soak for 10 min. Freshwater soaking for 3min~5min; or pour 0.8 mg~1.2 mg of copper sulfate per liter of seawater, and continue to sprinkle for 3d.
Freshwater soaking for 3min~15min.
Soak in fresh water for 3min to 15min.
Soak in fresh water for 3min to 15min.
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