HGJ 222-1992 Technical Specification for Welding of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
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Editor-in-charge
Zhang Lihua
Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Technical Specification for Welding of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
HGJ222-92
Engineering Construction Standard Track Making Center of the Ministry of Chemical Industry
(Building 3, Chemical Industry Compound, Hepingli North Street, Beijing) Postal Code: 100013
Printed in People's Printing Factory, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province
January 1993
First Edition
Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Technical Specification for Welding of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
HGJ222-92
Standard View Changing Room m.ba epo:comIndustry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Technical Regulations for Welding of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
222-92
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Approval Department:
Effective Date:
China Chemical Engineering Thirteenth Construction Company
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According to the arrangement of the Ministry of Chemical Industry (90) Chemical Base Standard No. 21, the Ministry entrusted China Chemical Engineering Thirteenth Construction Company to revise the "Technical Regulations for Construction and Acceptance of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Welding (Trial)" (Refining and Chemical Construction 603-74). During the revision process of this regulation, the implementation of the original regulation was carefully analyzed, the construction experience of fertilizer, ethylene, soda ash, ammonium phosphate and other projects and manufacturers was summarized, and the latest domestic and foreign technical standards were referred to. The technical indicators of this specification are determined based on the technical indicators of aluminum and aluminum alloy welding in domestic and international engineering construction and container manufacturing in the 1980s, and are in line with the current level of welding technology in my country. This specification has been coordinated with the standards of related majors and finalized after review.
This specification has made relatively systematic and complete regulations for the welding of aluminum and aluminum alloys, from construction preparation to welding inspection, including welding process assessment and welder examination, etc. The entire process of on-site construction has been systematically and completely stipulated. In the welding process assessment and welder examination, the replacement range of assessment and examination is reasonably stipulated, which can ensure that the number of assessments and examinations is appropriately reduced and the construction cost is reduced. The regulations will play a positive role in ensuring the quality of the project, improving production efficiency, accelerating the construction progress, and achieving long-term safe operation of weldments. With the development of construction and the improvement of my country's welding technology, new welding materials, new welding equipment and new welding processes will continue to emerge. It is hoped that all units will seriously summarize their experience and actively provide suggestions for improvement in the process of implementing this regulation so that it can be supplemented and completed in the future. For consultation matters related to this regulation, please send a letter to the Construction Standardization Management Center Station of the Ministry of Chemical Industry, Huaizhong Middle Road, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province (Postal Code: 050021). Ministry of Chemical Industry
June 1, 1992
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Terminology
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Material.......
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General Provisions
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3.3 Welding Materials
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Welding Applications
4.1 General Provisions
4.2 Preparation Before Welding
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4.3 Requirements for Welding Procedures
Welding Procedure Qualification·
General Provisions
5.2 Requirements for Qualification
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.3 Inspection items and qualification standards
Welder examination···
General provisions
6.2 Operation skills examination……·…
Welding test
General provisions
Appearance inspection
Radiographic flaw detection
7.4 Welding shoe repair
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Appendix A Welding Process specification format
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Appendix B
Explanation of terms used in this specification
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Explanation of clauses
(39)
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This specification specifies the technical requirements and quality acceptance standards for aluminum and aluminum alloy welding.
This specification is applicable to the welding of equipment, containers and pipelines made and installed with industrial pure aluminum and rust-proof aluminum alloy in the construction of chemical and oil refining equipment. The welding methods are manual tungsten inert gas arc welding and metal argon arc welding. Welding construction shall comply with the provisions of the design documents and this code. 1.0.3
The welding of aluminum pressure vessels shall comply with the laws, regulations and provisions of the state on pressure vessels in addition to this code. Welding construction shall meet the following conditions: 1.0.5
The welding process has been qualified; the welder has passed the examination; the welding process specification has been prepared and approved; the drawings have been reviewed and the technical disclosure has been carried out; the materials, machines, construction environment, etc. meet the requirements. 1.0.5.5
The safety technology and labor protection of welding operations shall comply with the current relevant 1.0.6
regulations.
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2 Terms and symbols
The terms and symbols in this chapter are only applicable to this specification. 2.1
Double-sided synchronous ammonia arc welding, manual tungsten inert gas arc welding, is a process method in which two welders simultaneously weld the same welding position at the same welding speed on both sides of the weld.
Misalignment: The vertical distance between the surfaces of two welded parts after the weld is completed.
Test piece: The welded part welded in the welding process assessment and welder examination. 2.1.3
Test piece: A local test piece used to assess the quality of the welded joint after the test piece is divided (or not divided) and processed.
2.1.5Important factors: refers to the welding conditions that affect the mechanical properties of the welded joint in the process assessment, or the welding conditions that affect the welder's ability to melt the weld metal in the welder's operating skills test.
Non-important factors: welding conditions other than important factors. 2.1.6
The meanings of the symbols and measurement units in this specification are as follows: 2.2.1
-base metal thickness, mm,
misalignment, mm,
-test piece thickness; the penetration thickness during weld radiographic flaw detection is the sum of the base metal thickness and. T
the sum of weld excess height, mmt
-melting weld metal thickness, mm;
test piece thickness, mm,
-test piece width, mm
bend axis diameter, mm,
-pipe outer diameter, mm;
design pressure, MPa.
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Obtain the design modification certificate of the original design unit and make a detailed record of the modified parts. Indicate on the conditions.
The main chemical composition and mechanical properties of commonly used industrial pure aluminum and rust-proof aluminum alloys shall comply with GB6893 "Industrial aluminum and aluminum alloy drawing (rolling) pipes". GB
3880 "Aluminum and aluminum alloy plates";
4437 "Aluminum and aluminum alloy hot extrusion pipes"; 3193
The construction unit must make substitutions for equipment, containers and pipeline materials in advance. When there are special requirements for the parent material, it should be in the design drawings or corresponding technical "Aluminum and aluminum alloy hot rolled plates";
No. 1 industrial pure aluminum
No. 2 industrial pure aluminum
No. 3 industrial pure aluminum| |tt||No. 4 Industrial Pure Aluminum
No. 5 Industrial Pure Aluminum
No. 6 Industrial Pure Aluminum
No. 3 Anti-Rust Aluminum
No. 3 Anti-Rust Aluminum
No. 4 Anti-Rust Aluminum
No. 5 Anti-Rust Aluminum
No. 11 Anti-Rust Aluminum
No. 6 Anti-Rust Aluminum
No. 6 Anti-Rust Aluminum
Note: The chemical composition is quoted from
The parent material selected in the project should comply with the following current national standards and regulations 3.2
determined, and there should be a quality certificate for the material. Or a quality re-inspection report.
Material and welding wire.
When foreign materials are selected, their scope of use should comply with the regulations of the corresponding standards. The parent material and welding wire should be properly stored to prevent damage, pollution and corrosion. The parent material and welding wire used in the project should have a factory quality certificate. The parent material listed in the national standard or industry standard should be preferred in the project. 3.1
General provisions
Main chemical composition and mechanical properties of aluminum and aluminum alloy processed products Mechanical properties in hot rolling state (not less than)
Main chemical composition (%)
Or Cr0.15~0.4
Figure service point elongation tensile strength service point distance elongation tensile strength
CB3190-82, mechanical properties data: plate is quoted from CB3193-82, pipe is quoted from GB4437-84. Pinfei.com
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≤226
SAIMg-1
SAIMg-2
SAIMg-3
SAIMg-5
SAISi-1bZxz.net
Welding wire corresponding to the parent material.
Welding wire with high tensile strength,
wire, or aluminum silicon alloy welding wire,
Welding of dissimilar aluminum and aluminum alloys should use welding wire with higher tensile strength. When welding aluminum-magnesium alloys, the magnesium content should be the same as or higher than the parent material. When welding aluminum-manganese alloys, the manganese content should be similar to the parent material. Welding and use conditions and other factors should meet the following requirements: 3.3.1.
And aluminum alloy welding wire" (GB10858) requirements. 3.3.2
The chemical composition of welding wire used for welding industrial pure aluminum and rust-proof aluminum alloy shall comply with Table 3.3.1
When selecting welding wire, the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the parent material shall be comprehensively considered. The welding wire selected for welding the parent material shall comply with the current national standard "Chemical composition of aluminum welding wire" When welding pure aluminum, aluminum and aluminum alloy welding wire with the same or higher purity as the parent material shall be selected. (%)
Note: Unless otherwise specified, a single value represents the maximum value. 0.10
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0.20~0.60
3.10~3.90
4.70~5.70
0.05~0.20
0.15~0.35
0.05~0.25
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Welding materials
Severely damaged and rusted parent materials shall not be used in engineering. Home
0.05~0.20
0.05~0.15
0.05~0.20
When welding common parent materials, the selection of welding wire should comply with the provisions of Table 3.3.2. Table 3.3.2
Brand of parent metal
Brand of welding wire
Selection table of commonly used parent metal welding wire
LF2LF2+LF21LFLF2+LF4LF4+LF21SAIMg-1
SAIMg-5
SAIMg-3
SAIMg4.5Mn(Germany)
ER5183(USA, Japan)
SAISi-1
3.3.3The xenon gas used in welding shall comply with the provisions of the current national standard "Nitrogen" 4842).
The manual tungsten inert gas welding electrode shall be cerium tungsten electrode, and 3. 3.4
Before welding, the diameter of the tungsten electrode shall be correctly selected according to the size of the welding current. The maximum allowable current of the tungsten electrode should comply with the provisions of Table 3.3.4. Table 3.3.4
Tungsten electrode diameter
(mm）
Maximum allowable current
Maximum allowable current of tungsten electrode
220240
260~280350~370380~420
140~160
Note: In the maximum allowable current range, the lower limit applies to tungsten electrode and the upper limit applies to tungsten grade. t
Welding construction
General provisions
Construction units must have a sound system and system for comprehensive quality management of welding construction.
Before welding construction, the welding process to be adopted shall be evaluated in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 5.4.1.2
Welders engaged in aluminum welding operations shall be qualified for examination according to the provisions of Chapter 6.4.1.3
Before welding, welders shall clarify the type of base metal to be welded, the selected welding materials, welding process and the quality requirements of the welded joint, and weld strictly according to the requirements of the welding process specification. Before welding, the construction unit shall prepare the welding process specification according to the welding process assessment report.
The format of the welding process specification should comply with the provisions of Appendix A. The hydrogen arc welding machine used must have electrical characteristics suitable for welding and sufficient current capacity, and have stable parameters, flexible adjustment and safe and reliable performance. o
The welding site should be kept clean and equipped with windproof, rainproof and snowproof facilities. 4.1.6
The relative humidity during argon arc welding should generally not exceed 80%, and the ambient temperature should not be lower than 5℃ Note: The relative humidity and ambient temperature are measured within the range of 500mm~1000mm from the weldment. Preparation before welding
Aluminum materials can be cut by mechanical or plasma arc methods. 4.2.1
Mechanical methods should be used for groove processing. The surface of the groove after processing should be flat and free of burrs and flash.
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The groove type and size should be determined according to the joint type, parent material thickness, welding position, welding method, whether there is a pad and use conditions, and refer to the welding process assessment results. 4.2.2 During construction, a temporary pad can be added to the back of the weld according to the structural form, welding position and construction conditions. If a backing plate is added to the back of the weld, the original design unit should be consulted. The backing plate can be made of stainless steel, carbon steel or copper, etc., which will not have a negative impact on the quality of the weld. 4.2.3 Before welding, the oil and oxide film on the welding wire, weldment groove and the surface near it should be removed (if a backing plate is used, its surface should also be removed according to the same requirements). The order and method of removal are as follows:
Use acetone or carbon tetrachloride and other organic solvents to remove surface oil and dirt. The removal range on both sides of the groove 4.2.3.1
should not be less than 50mm. After removing the oil and dirt, the welding wire should be removed by chemical method, and the groove should be removed by mechanical 4.2.3.2
method (chemical method can also be used) to remove the surface oxide film. Mechanical method: The groove and its nearby surface can be removed by filing, scraping, rubbing or using a stainless steel wire brush with a diameter of about 0.2mm until the metallic luster is revealed. The removal range on both sides should not be less than 30mm from the edge of the groove. The wire brush used should be degreased regularly. Chemical method: Soak with 70C5%~10% NaOH solution for 30~60s, then use about 15% HNO (often overflow) for about 2min, then wash with warm water, and then let it dry completely, or use other similar methods. For welding wires that have been reliably surface treated and not oxidized or contaminated, it is not necessary to perform the above cleaning and can be used directly.
4.2.4 The cleaned weldment and welding wire should not be contaminated before welding. If there are no effective protective measures, welding should be carried out within 8 hours, otherwise it should be cleaned again. 4.2.5
When the pipe weldment is assembled, the inner wall should be flush, and the misalignment b should meet the following requirements:
When the wall thickness S≤5mm, b≤0.5mm,
When the wall thickness S>5mm, b≤0.1S and b≤2mm. 10
4.2.6 When equipment and container weldments are assembled, the misalignment b shall comply with the following provisions: Longitudinal weld:
When the wall thickness S≤5mm, b≤0.5mm
When the wall thickness s>5mm, b≤0.1S and b≤2mm. Circumferential weld: b≤0.2S and b≤5mm.
4.2.7 When unequal thickness butt weldments are assembled, the end face of the thin part shall be located within the end face of the thick part. When the surface misalignment exceeds 3mm or the root misalignment of the single-sided weld exceeds 2mm, the edge of the thick plate shall be processed according to the provisions of Figure 4.2.7. s
L≥4(St,-S)ora≤14
Figure 4.2.7 Unequal thickness butt welds
Before using the welding machine, check whether its grounding is intact, whether the cooling water and gas circuits are unobstructed, and whether its various functions can work normally. Welding process requirements
The positioning weld should comply with the following provisions
4.3.1.1 The welding assembly can be positioned by spot welding outside the groove using an aluminum positioning plate, or it can be spot fixed inside the groove. When welding the positioning weld, the selected welding wire should match the parent material. 4.3.1.2 The tack welds shall have appropriate length, spacing and height to ensure that they have sufficient strength and will not crack during welding. com
信搜图
4.3.1.3 If defects are found in the tack welds, they shall be promptly handled. For the root tack welds that are part of the formal welds, the black powder and oxide film on their surface shall also be removed, and the two ends shall be trimmed into a gentle slope.
4:3.1.4 When removing the tack plate, the parent material shall not be damaged. After removal, the residual weld shall be polished to be flush with the parent material surface.
4.3.2 The welding process shall meet the following requirements: Manual tungsten inert gas arc welding shall use AC power supply: Convection inert gas arc welding shall use DC power supply, and the welding wire shall be connected to the positive electrode.
4.3.2.2 In order to reduce welding deformation, a reasonable welding method and sequence shall be adopted, or rigid fixation shall be performed, and shrinkage allowance shall be considered in advance. 4.3.2.3 Before formal welding, a surfacing test can be carried out on the test plate. After adjusting the process parameters and confirming that there are no pores, formal welding can be carried out. 4.3.2.4 Under the condition of ensuring good penetration and fusion of the weld, high current and fast welding speed should be used as much as possible within the range allowed by the welding process regulations. The lateral swing amplitude of the welding wire should not exceed three times its diameter.
Unless there are special requirements, the weldment does not need to be preheated before welding. When multi-layer welding is performed, the temperature between layers should be as low as possible and should not be higher than 100℃. 4.3.2.6 During tungsten inert gas arc welding, the end of the welding wire should not leave the argon protection area during welding, and the angle between the welding wire and the weld surface should be about 15° when feeding. The angle between the welding gun and the weld surface should be maintained between 80° and 90°. For vertical welding and horizontal welding positions with a thickness of not less than 4mm, when conditions permit, the bottom layer welding can adopt the double-sided synchronous argon arc welding process. During welding, the oxide film between the weld layers, excessive weld meat and other welding defects must be removed. For double-sided welding or welds that require root cleaning, the weld root should be cleaned mechanically.
4.3.2.8 Aluminum arc-starting plates and lead-out plates should be installed at both ends of the longitudinal weld. When the arc crater of the longitudinal and circumferential welds is cleaned, it is also advisable to ignite the arc on the arc-starting plate when continuing welding, and wait until the arc burns stably before welding.
4.3.2.9 When there are spatters on the nozzle that obviously hinder the flow of argon gas, the spatters must be removed or the nozzle must be replaced. When the tungsten tip is contaminated or irregular in shape, it must be repaired or replaced.
4.3.2.10 The welding process parameters should be correctly selected within the range specified in the welding process specification. The welding process parameters should be selected within the following ranges: manual tungsten electrode argon arc welding, see Table 4.3.2.10-1; manual tungsten electrode double-sided synchronous argon arc welding, see Table 4.3.2.10-2; semi-automatic argon arc welding with consumable electrode, see Table 4:3.2.10-3; automatic argon arc welding with consumable electrode, see Table 4.3.2.10-4. Table 4.3.2.10-1
Welding process parameters of manual tungsten inert gas welding
Nozzle diameter Hydrogen flow current Number of welding layers Thickness of parent metal Welding wire diameter Tungsten electrode diameter
(i/min
Table 4.3.2.10-2
Thickness of parent metal
6~7·-
40~110
100~250
240~300
280~360
16~20-16~18
280~380
Welding process parameters of manual tungsten inert gas welding obtained from Guangdong Institute
Heat high color||t t||Welding wire diameter
(mm）
Nozzle diameter
60~110
Note①Welding current refers to the current value of each welding machine during bottom welding. 10~12
130~170
170~210
210240
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The blue coating is welded by one welder, and its welding process parameters are shown in Table 4.3.2.10-1.?
When the thickness of the base material is greater than or equal to 10mm, it can be preheated at 100~150C before welding.?
Table 4. 3. 2. 10-3
Metallurgical electrode semi-automatic argon arc welding welding process parameters
Material friction wire diameter
Nozzle diameter
4.3.2.10-4
140~280
260~300
300~360
330360
Full equipment,
Metallurgical electrode automatic argon arc welding welding process parameters
(mm)10-2
Parent metal thickness
6~7·-
40~110
100~250
240~300
280~360
16~20-16~18
280~380
Manual tungsten electrode double-sided synchronous argon arc welding welding process parameters are obtained from Guangdong Institute
thermal high color
wire diameter
(mm）
nozzle diameter
60~110
Note①Welding current refers to the current value of each welding machine during bottom layer welding. 10~12
130~170
170~210
210240
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The blue coating is welded by one welder, and its welding process parameters are shown in Table 4.3.2.10-1.?
When the thickness of the base material is greater than or equal to 10mm, it can be preheated to 100~150C before welding.?
Table 4.3.2. 10-3
Metallurgical electrode semi-automatic argon arc welding welding process parameters
Material friction wire diameter
Nozzle diameter
4.3.2.10-4
140~280
260~300
300~360
330360
Whole equipment,
Metallurgical electrode automatic argon arc welding welding process number research and development and natural high-tech base in the kidney filter series research and development of the country's energy potential flow medical whole storage device)
(mm)10-2
Parent metal thickness
6~7·-
40~110
100~250
240~300
280~360
16~20-16~18
280~380
Manual tungsten electrode double-sided synchronous argon arc welding welding process parameters are obtained from Guangdong Institute
thermal high color
wire diameter
(mm）
nozzle diameter
60~110
Note①Welding current refers to the current value of each welding machine during bottom welding. 10~12
130~170
170~210
210240
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The blue coating is welded by one welder, and its welding process parameters are shown in Table 4.3.2.10-1.?
When the thickness of the base material is greater than or equal to 10mm, it can be preheated to 100~150C before welding.?
Table 4.3.2. 10-3
Metallurgical electrode semi-automatic argon arc welding welding process parameters
Material friction wire diameter
Nozzle diameter
4.3.2.10-4
140~280
260~300
300~360
330360
Whole equipment,
Metallurgical electrode automatic argon arc welding welding process number research and development and natural high-tech base in the kidney filter series research and development of the country's energy potential flow medical whole storage device)
(mm)
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