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Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Design Specification for Water Supply with High Turbidity
40—91
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Design Specification for Water Supply with High Turbidity
40—91
Editor: Northwest Design Institute of Municipal Engineering of China Approval Department: Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China Effective Date: December 1, 1991
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
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Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Notice on the Release of Industry Standard
"High Turbidity Water Supply Design Code" Construction Standard [1991] No. 332
To the Construction Committees (Construction Departments) of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, the Construction Committees of all independently planned cities, and relevant ministries and commissions of the State Council:
According to the requirements of the former Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection (85) Chengkezi No. 239, the "High Turbidity Water Supply Design Code" edited by the China Municipal Engineering Northwest Design Institute has been reviewed and approved as an industry standard, numbered CJJ40-91, and will be implemented from December 1, 1991.
This code is managed by the Ministry of Construction's Urban Construction Standards and Technology Management Unit, the Ministry of Construction's Urban Construction Research Institute, and its specific interpretation and other work is the responsibility of the China Municipal Engineering Northwest Design Institute.
This code is organized and published by the Ministry of Construction's Standards and Norms Research Institute. Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China
May 17, 1991
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
General Provisions
Type Selection of Water Intake Structures
Water Intake Pump House
Chapter 3 Selection of Sedimentation Process
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Chapter 4
General Provisions
coe o66ee66 center
First-stage sedimentation treatment process
Two-stage sedimentation treatment process
Water treatment chemicals
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Chapter 5
General provisions
Preparation of polyacrylamide solution
Method and dosage of polyacrylamide
Sedimentation (clarification) structurebZxz.net
Center
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6|| tt||Section 7
Section 8
Section 9
General Provisions·
Sand Settling Tank·
Mixing and Flocculation Tank
Radial Flow Sedimentation Tank
Horizontal Flow Sedimentation Tank
Mechanical Agitation Clarification Tank
Hydrocyclone Clarification Tank·
Double-layer Suspension Clarification Tank·
Regulating and Reservoir
Sludge Discharge·
Chapter 6
Section 1
General Provisions
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Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System Information System
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Design parameters for sludge concentration.
Scraper equipment
Sludge removal…
Suction dredger·
Terms used in this specification
Additional explanation
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Electricity and electricity
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Chapter 1 General
Article 1.0.1 This specification is specially formulated to provide design technology and parameters for the design of high turbidity water supply projects.
High turbidity water refers to sandy water bodies with high turbidity and clear interface separation and sedimentation. The sand content is 10~100kg/m.
Article 1.0.2 This specification applies to the design of water supply projects with high turbidity water from the Yellow River as the water source. The design of water supply projects with other high turbidity water as the water source can be implemented as a reference. Article 1.0.3 The water intake type, treatment process selection and the setting of regulating and storing water tanks in the engineering design should be determined through technical and economic comparison based on the terrain, river water level, sand peaks, interruption of flow, flow separation, ice and ice items, etc., under the premise of ensuring safe water supply, and the mechanization and automation of water intake and water treatment should be improved. Article 1.0.4 The engineering design should achieve a city water supply guarantee rate of 95~97%. If it cannot be met, corresponding guarantee measures should be adopted according to the actual situation. For example, increase the supplementary water source, build a regulating and storing water tank, etc. The supplementary or backup water source should use groundwater. Article 1.0.5 In the implementation of this specification, in addition to complying with the provisions of this specification, it should also comply with the provisions of the current relevant national standards and specifications. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Chapter 2 Water Intake
Section 1 General Provisions
Article 2.1.1 The water intake of water intake structures shall include the following three items: 1. The water volume specified in the current "Outdoor Water Supply Design Code" (GBJ13); 2. The amount of mud water discharged, evaporation, and leakage from sedimentation structures, regulating and storage tanks, and open channels,
3. The amount of replenishment water for regulating and storage tanks.
Article 2.1.2 In the design of large and medium-sized water intake projects, if the water intake point is far away from the existing hydrological station or the data of the nearby hydrological station cannot be quoted, a temporary hydrological observation point should be set up to observe the necessary hydrological data. After this observation point is put into operation, hydrological forecasts can continue.
Article 2.1.3
When taking water from the upstream and downstream sections of the water conservancy hub, the changes in hydrological conditions caused by the different operating conditions of the water conservancy hub (such as flow, sand content, water temperature, ice and riverbed scouring and silting, etc.) and their impact on the water intake structure should be considered. Article 2.1.4 The design of high turbidity water intake projects must consider the following factors: 1. The wandering and scouring of the river channel;
2. Changes in flow and water level, river channel interruption and flow separation; 3. Sand content, sand peak process and mud and sand composition; 4. Floating objects, weeds, ice and ice dams. Article 2.1.5 The location selection of water intakes shall meet the following conditions: 1. The water intakes of wandering river sections shall be arranged in river sections with dense mainstream lines in combination with the characteristics of the riverbed, topography and geology.
2. River sections downstream of the mainstream top impact point with lateral circulation and ice-water stratification.
Article 2.1.6 When the water intake is large, the river water has a high sand content, the main river channel is wandering, and the ice engineering construction standard full text information system
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severe, two water intakes can be set. Article 2.1.7 The water intake structure should take water directly from the river channel, and it is not necessary to set up a water intake head, gravity pipe and separate water collection well. Article 2.1.8 The scouring depth of the water intake structure should be determined through investigation and calculation, and the local scouring and "bottom exposure" of the riverbed by the high sand content water flow during the flood season should be considered. Large-scale important projects should be tested by hydraulic model. Article 2.1.9 The water intake structure set up in the silted river section of the lower reaches of the Yellow River should reserve the total siltation height within the design service life, and consider the water level changes caused by siltation. Article 2.1.10 When setting up water intake and hydraulic structures on the Yellow River, the consent of the river affairs and relevant departments should be obtained.
Section 2 Selection of Types of Water Intake Structures
Article 2.2.1 For river sections with steep bank slopes, sufficient water depth and good geological conditions, bank-built water intake structures can be used. Article 2.2.2 For river sections with gentle banks and insufficient water depth, pier-built or other types of water intake structures can be used to directly take water from the main river. Article 2.2.3 For river sections with severe ice conditions, high sand content and large longitudinal slope of the river channel, two-way hopper trough water intake can be used, and hydraulic model tests should be carried out when conditions permit. Article 2.2.4 For two-way hopper trough water intake using river water for dredging, the self-cleaning flow rate shall not be less than 2.0m/s. The water surface drop between the upstream inlet and the downstream river channel should ensure the water surface slope required for hopper trough dredging.
Article 2.2.5 When taking water from a low dam on a tributary of the Yellow River, a sand guide sill should be set at a certain distance upstream of the sand flushing gate. The bottom of the water inlet gate should be 0.8 to 1.5 meters higher than the bottom of the sand flushing gate.
In cold areas, a hydraulic ice removal and pre-settling channel can be set behind the water inlet gate. The height difference between the bottom of the water inlet gate and the water outlet gate should not be less than 1.0m, and the bottom slope of the channel should not be less than 1%. Anti-icing measures should be taken for gates and other equipment.
Section 3 Water Intake Pump House
Article 2.3.Article 1 The water inlet should prevent the entry of bedload and mud. The height difference between the lower edge of the water inlet and the riverbed should not be less than 1.0-2.0m. In the shallower river section, the height difference should not be less than 0.5m. The water inlet window should be equipped with a stoplog gate. Article 2.3.2 The grille should be located outside the water inlet to facilitate the cleaning of the grille and silt. Article 2.3.3 To prevent floating objects, a breast wall should be set at the water inlet, and the lower edge of the breast wall should be 2.0m lower than the normal high water level. If the water level is lower than the lower edge of the breast wall in winter, there should be space for the installation of antifreeze plates. Article 2.3.4 There should be no less than two water inlet rooms. Each water inlet pump of a large water intake project must be equipped with a separate water inlet room. For a medium-sized water intake project, at most two water inlet pumps can share one water inlet room.
Article 2.3.5: When a rotating grid is installed in the water intake room, the lowest point of the grid should be 0.4-0.5m higher than the bottom plate of the water intake room, and no baffle should be installed in between. Article 2.3.6: The distance from the grid to the edge of the water pump suction pipe inlet should be 1.5-2.5m.
Article 2.3.7: The bottom plate of the water intake room should slope towards the water intake pump suction port and be level with the lower edge of the suction port.
Article 2.3.8: When the distance from the grid to the water pump suction port is less than 2.5m, the water intake room may not be equipped with special mud discharge equipment, and high-pressure water is used to impinge the accumulated mud, and the water pump removes the sediment; when it is greater than 2.5m, special mud discharge equipment should be installed to discharge mud regularly. Article 2.3.9: The water intake pump should be wear-resistant, and the inner wall of the pump should be sprayed with wear-resistant paint to reduce the wear of the water pump. The standby capacity of the water pumps working during the high turbidity water and sand peak period should be increased by 30-50%.
The configuration of the pump energy and number must take into account the changes in water intake caused by the different sand content of the influent.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Chapter 3 Selection of Sedimentation Process
Section 1 General Provisions
Article 3.1.1 The selection of sedimentation process should ensure the effective treatment of high turbidity water during the sand peak period and water quality in other seasons. The process should also include muddy or clear water storage tanks.
Article 3.1.2 The sedimentation process should be determined based on the raw water quality and water supply quality, referring to the operation experience or test data of water plants under similar conditions, and through technical and economic comparison. Article 3.1.3 The design capacity of the water plant and the main treatment structures shall include the maximum daily water supply and the self-use water consumption at the corresponding design sand content. For the process with a regulating reservoir, the replenishment water volume of the regulating reservoir shall also be increased. The design shall also consider the operation of the entire treatment process and each treatment structure in summer or winter due to different water production to ensure safe water supply in different seasons. Article 3.1.4 The water treatment process is a complete process, and the effectiveness of each structure shall be fully utilized. The design inlet sand content of each main treatment structure shall be comprehensively measured and determined through technical and economic comparison. The design inlet sand content of the next-level purification structure shall be slightly higher than the effluent sand content of the previous-level treatment structure. Primary sedimentation treatment process
Section 2
Article 3.2.1 The primary sedimentation treatment process shall meet the following conditions:
1. The effluent turbidity is allowed to be greater than 50mg/L; 2. The maximum designed sand content is less than 40kg/m2; 3. Production water projects that allow large amounts of polyacrylamide to be added; 4. Domestic water projects that add polyacrylamide at a dosage less than the sanitary standard; 5. Projects with backup water sources.
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Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Article 3.2.2 The primary sedimentation treatment can adopt radial flow sedimentation tanks, horizontal flow sedimentation tanks, mechanical stirring clarification tanks, water cyclone clarification tanks, and double-layer suspension clarification tanks with bottom openings.
Article 3.2.3 In order to ensure safe and reliable water supply, a regulating and storage tank should be set up when the primary sedimentation treatment process is adopted.
Section 3 Two-stage sedimentation treatment process
Article 3.3.1 The applicable conditions of the two-stage sedimentation treatment process shall comply with the following provisions: 1. The turbidity of the effluent is required to be less than 20mg/L; 2. The maximum sand content of the water intake section is greater than 40kg/m2; 3. Drinking water is available, and the dosage of polyene amide required for purification exceeds the dosage specified in the health standards;
4. The project has no backup water source.
Article 3.3.2 The first-stage sedimentation structure should have a large sludge accumulation volume and reliable sludge discharge facilities. Radial flow sedimentation tanks are now mostly used. If necessary, a sand settling tank can also be set before the first-stage sedimentation structure.
Article 3.3.3
The operation mode of the first-level sedimentation structure shall comply with the following provisions:
1. If the duration of the sand peak is not long, polyacrylamide can be added during the period of high turbidity water for coagulation and sedimentation, and natural sedimentation can be carried out at other times; 2. If the duration of the sand peak is long, the use of natural sedimentation or coagulation and sedimentation with the addition of polyacrylamide should be determined through technical and economic comparison. Article 3.3.4 When the duration of the sand peak in a river section exceeds the designed sand content for a long time; or when the duration of water cannot be taken for a long time due to interruption of flow, loss of flow, freezing, etc., a clear water or muddy water storage tank should also be set up to ensure the water supply guarantee rate. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Chapter 4 Water Treatment Chemicals
Section 1 General Provisions
Article 4.1.1
The maximum sand content that can be treated by using various coagulants alone can be adopted according to the provisions of Table 4.1.1.
The maximum sand content that can be treated by various coagulants. Agent name
Ferric chloride
Polyaluminum chloride
Polyacrylamide
Maximum sand content treated (kg/m2)
Article 4.1.2 Water treatment coagulants shall not be mixed during storage, dissolution, storage, transportation, addition and metering (polyaluminum shall not be mixed with agents with sulfate groups, such as aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and alum. Polyacrylamide shall not be mixed with aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, and polyaluminum). When designing agent dosing facilities, they should be divided into systems according to the agents, and the dosing facilities should have measures for switching, emptying, and cleaning. Article 4.1.3 When using new organic polymer flocculants, in addition to physical and chemical performance measurements and coagulation and precipitation tests, toxicological identification should also be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations.
Section 2 Preparation of polyacrylamide solution
Article 4.2.1 Unhydrolyzed polyacrylamide products should be hydrolyzed before use. In small water plants or when high turbidity water lasts for a short time, unhydrolyzed products can also be used directly.
Article 4.2.2 The optimal hydrolysis degree of polyacrylamide should be determined through experiments based on the properties of the raw water. The commonly used optimal hydrolysis degree is 28-35%. Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
KAONTKAca-Article 1 The selection of sedimentation process should ensure the effective treatment of high turbidity water during the sand peak period and water quality in other seasons. The process should also include muddy water or clear water storage tanks.
Article 3.1.2 The sedimentation process should be determined through technical and economic comparison based on the raw water quality and water supply quality, referring to the operation experience or test data of water plants under similar conditions. Article 3.1.3 The design capacity of the water plant and the main treatment structures should include the maximum daily water supply and the self-use water consumption at the corresponding design sand content. For the process with a storage tank, the replenishment water volume of the storage tank should also be increased. The design also needs to consider the operation of the entire treatment process and each treatment structure in summer or winter due to different water production, so as to ensure safe water supply in different seasons. Article 3.1.4 The water treatment process is a complete process, and the respective effectiveness of the structures should be fully utilized. The sand content of the designed influent of each major treatment structure should be comprehensively measured and determined through technical and economic comparison. The sand content of the designed influent of the next level of purification structure should be slightly higher than the sand content of the effluent of the previous level of treatment structure. Primary sedimentation treatment process
Section 2
Article 3.2.1 The use of the primary sedimentation treatment process shall meet the following conditions:
1. The effluent turbidity is allowed to be greater than 50mg/L; 2. The maximum designed sand content is less than 40kg/m2; 3. Production water projects that allow large amounts of polyacrylamide to be added; 4. Domestic water projects that add polyacrylamide in a dosage less than the sanitary standard; 5. Projects with backup water sources.
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Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Article 3.2.2 The first-level sedimentation treatment can adopt radial flow sedimentation tank, horizontal flow sedimentation tank, mechanical stirring clarification tank, water cyclone clarification tank and double-layer suspension clarification tank with bottom openings.
Article 3.2.3 In order to ensure the safety and reliability of water supply, a regulating and storage tank should be set up when the first-level sedimentation treatment process is adopted.
Section 3 Two-stage sedimentation treatment process
Article 3.3.1 The applicable conditions of the two-stage sedimentation treatment process shall comply with the following provisions: 1. The turbidity of the effluent is required to be less than 20mg/L; 2. The maximum sand content of the water intake section is greater than 40kg/m2; 3. There is a supply of drinking water, and the dosage of polyols required for purification exceeds the dosage specified in the health standards;
4. Projects without backup water sources.
Article 3.3.2 The first-level sedimentation structure should have a large sludge accumulation volume and reliable sludge discharge facilities. Radial flow sedimentation tanks are now mostly used. If necessary, a sand settling tank can also be set up before the first-level sedimentation structure.
Article 3.3.3
The operation mode of the first-level sedimentation structure shall comply with the following provisions:
1. If the sand peak does not last long, polyacrylamide can be added during the period of high turbidity water for coagulation and precipitation, and natural precipitation can be carried out at other times; 2. If the sand peak lasts for a long time, the use of natural precipitation or coagulation and precipitation with the addition of polyacrylamide should be determined through technical and economic comparison. Article 3.3.4 When the sand peak of a river section exceeds the designed sand content for a long time; or when water cannot be taken for a long time due to interruption of flow, loss of flow, freezing, etc., a clear water or muddy water storage tank should also be set up to ensure the water supply guarantee rate. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Chapter 4 Water Treatment Chemicals
Section 1 General Provisions
Article 4.1.1
The maximum sand content that can be treated by various coagulants when used alone can be adopted according to the provisions of Table 4.1.1.
The maximum sand content that can be treated by various coagulants Chemical Name
Ferric chloride
Polyaluminum chloride
Polyacrylamide
Maximum sand content treated (kg/m2)
Article 4.1.2 Water treatment coagulants shall not be mixed during storage, dissolution, storage, transportation, addition and metering (polyaluminum shall not be mixed with chemicals with sulfate groups, such as aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and alum. Polyacrylamide shall not be mixed with aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, and polyaluminum). When designing the reagent dosing facilities, they should be divided into systems according to the reagents, and the dosing facilities should have measures for switching, emptying and cleaning. Article 4.1.3 When using new organic polymer flocculants, in addition to physical and chemical property measurements and coagulation and precipitation tests, toxicological identification should also be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations.
Section 2 Preparation of polyacrylamide solution
Article 4.2.1 Unhydrolyzed polyacrylamide products should be hydrolyzed before use. In small water plants or when high turbidity water lasts for a very short time, unhydrolyzed products can also be used directly.
Article 4.2.2 The optimal hydrolysis degree of polyacrylamide should be determined through experiments based on the properties of the raw water. The commonly used optimal hydrolysis degree is 28-35%. Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
KAONTKAca-Article 1 The selection of sedimentation process should ensure the effective treatment of high turbidity water during the sand peak period and water quality in other seasons. The process should also include muddy water or clear water storage tanks.
Article 3.1.2 The sedimentation process should be determined through technical and economic comparison based on the raw water quality and water supply quality, referring to the operation experience or test data of water plants under similar conditions. Article 3.1.3 The design capacity of the water plant and the main treatment structures should include the maximum daily water supply and the self-use water consumption at the corresponding design sand content. For the process with a storage tank, the replenishment water volume of the storage tank should also be increased. The design also needs to consider the operation of the entire treatment process and each treatment structure in summer or winter due to different water production, so as to ensure safe water supply in different seasons. Article 3.1.4 The water treatment process is a complete process, and the respective effectiveness of the structures should be fully utilized. The sand content of the designed influent of each major treatment structure should be comprehensively measured and determined through technical and economic comparison. The sand content of the designed influent of the next level of purification structure should be slightly higher than the sand content of the effluent of the previous level of treatment structure. Primary sedimentation treatment process
Section 2
Article 3.2.1 The use of the primary sedimentation treatment process shall meet the following conditions:
1. The effluent turbidity is allowed to be greater than 50mg/L; 2. The maximum designed sand content is less than 40kg/m2; 3. Production water projects that allow large amounts of polyacrylamide to be added; 4. Domestic water projects that add polyacrylamide in a dosage less than the sanitary standard; 5. Projects with backup water sources.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Article 3.2.2 The first-level sedimentation treatment can adopt radial flow sedimentation tank, horizontal flow sedimentation tank, mechanical stirring clarification tank, water cyclone clarification tank and double-layer suspension clarification tank with bottom openings.
Article 3.2.3 In order to ensure the safety and reliability of water supply, a regulating and storage tank should be set up when the first-level sedimentation treatment process is adopted.
Section 3 Two-stage sedimentation treatment process
Article 3.3.1 The applicable conditions of the two-stage sedimentation treatment process shall comply with the following provisions: 1. The turbidity of the effluent is required to be less than 20mg/L; 2. The maximum sand content of the water intake section is greater than 40kg/m2; 3. There is a supply of drinking water, and the dosage of polyols required for purification exceeds the dosage specified in the health standards;
4. Projects without backup water sources.
Article 3.3.2 The first-level sedimentation structure should have a large sludge accumulation volume and reliable sludge discharge facilities. Radial flow sedimentation tanks are now mostly used. If necessary, a sand settling tank can also be set up before the first-level sedimentation structure.
Article 3.3.3
The operation mode of the first-level sedimentation structure shall comply with the following provisions:
1. If the sand peak does not last long, polyacrylamide can be added during the period of high turbidity water for coagulation and precipitation, and natural precipitation can be carried out at other times; 2. If the sand peak lasts for a long time, the use of natural precipitation or coagulation and precipitation with the addition of polyacrylamide should be determined through technical and economic comparison. Article 3.3.4 When the sand peak of a river section exceeds the designed sand content for a long time; or when water cannot be taken for a long time due to interruption of flow, loss of flow, freezing, etc., a clear water or muddy water storage tank should also be set up to ensure the water supply guarantee rate. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Chapter 4 Water Treatment Chemicals
Section 1 General Provisions
Article 4.1.1
The maximum sand content that can be treated by various coagulants when used alone can be adopted according to the provisions of Table 4.1.1.
The maximum sand content that can be treated by various coagulants Chemical Name
Ferric chloride
Polyaluminum chloride
Polyacrylamide
Maximum sand content treated (kg/m2)
Article 4.1.2 Water treatment coagulants shall not be mixed during storage, dissolution, storage, transportation, addition and metering (polyaluminum shall not be mixed with chemicals with sulfate groups, such as aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and alum. Polyacrylamide shall not be mixed with aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, and polyaluminum). When designing the reagent dosing facilities, they should be divided into systems according to the reagents, and the dosing facilities should have measures for switching, emptying and cleaning. Article 4.1.3 When using new organic polymer flocculants, in addition to physical and chemical property measurements and coagulation and precipitation tests, toxicological identification should also be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations.
Section 2 Preparation of polyacrylamide solution
Article 4.2.1 Unhydrolyzed polyacrylamide products should be hydrolyzed before use. In small water plants or when high turbidity water lasts for a very short time, unhydrolyzed products can also be used directly.
Article 4.2.2 The optimal hydrolysis degree of polyacrylamide should be determined through experiments based on the properties of the raw water. The commonly used optimal hydrolysis degree is 28-35%. Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
KAONTKAca-Article 3 When using new organic polymer flocculants, in addition to physical and chemical performance tests and coagulation and precipitation tests, toxicological identification should also be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations.
Section 2 Preparation of polyacrylamide solution
Article 4.2.1 Unhydrolyzed polyacrylamide products should be hydrolyzed before use. In small water plants or when high turbidity water lasts for a very short time, unhydrolyzed products can also be used directly.
Article 4.2.2 The optimal hydrolysis degree of polyacrylamide should be determined through experiments based on the properties of the raw water. The commonly used optimal hydrolysis degree is 28-35%. Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
KAONTKAca-Article 3 When using new organic polymer flocculants, in addition to physical and chemical performance tests and coagulation and precipitation tests, toxicological identification should also be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations.
Section 2 Preparation of polyacrylamide solution
Article 4.2.1 Unhydrolyzed polyacrylamide products should be hydrolyzed before use. In small water plants or when high turbidity water lasts for a very short time, unhydrolyzed products can also be used directly.
Article 4.2.2 The optimal hydrolysis degree of polyacrylamide should be determined through experiments based on the properties of the raw water. The commonly used optimal hydrolysis degree is 28-35%. Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
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