Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Technical conditions for tower cranes
Tower cranes-Specification
1 Main content and scope of application
This standard specifies the main technical requirements, acceptance rules and quality classification of tower cranes for construction. This standard applies to various tower cranes for construction (hereinafter referred to as cranes). This standard does not apply to truck-type, tire-type and crawler-type tower cranes. 2 Reference standards
GB 3811
GB 5144
GB5031
GB10055
GB 981
GB 1300
GR1102
GB 755
GBJ232
Code for design of cranes
Safety regulations for tower cranes
Specifications and methods for performance test of tower cranes Safety rules for construction hoists
Low carbon steel and low alloy high strength steel welding rods
Welding wire
Basic types and sizes of manual arc welding joints Basic types and sizes of submerged arc welding joints Round strand wire rope
Basic technical requirements for motors
Code for construction and acceptance of electrical installation projects
JJ1 Basic parameters of tower crane types
Structural test methods for tower cranes
Reliability test methods for tower cranes
3 Terms
Safe operating distance
The minimum allowable distance between the moving part of the crane and the building and construction facilities outside the building. 3.2
Working state
The state of the crane lifting or running without load3.3Non-working state
GB 9462—88
For a crane that has been installed and erected, it is not lifting, all mechanisms have stopped moving and the power supply is cut off. 3.4Self-erection
The process of converting the crane from the oil hauling state to the working state or vice versa is completed by relying on the device or mechanism of the crane itself without the help of external equipment.
3.5Integral hauling
Urban and rural sheltered Environmental Protection Department approved on April 25, 1988 and implemented on November 1, 1988
W.bzsoso.coIGB9462—88
The process of transferring or transporting by relying on the crane itself or the attached hauling device, with the structure, mechanism and rope system in a complete assembled state, and using a traction vehicle as the power. 4 Technical requirements
4.1 General provisions
4.1.1 Working conditions
4.1.1. 1 The working environment temperature is -20~40℃. Note: If there are special requirements, it shall be implemented according to the agreement between the user and the manufacturer. 4.1.1.2 At the maximum installation height of the crane, the wind speed during operation shall not exceed 20 m/s; the wind speed during overall erection, climbing or lifting operation shall not exceed 13 m/s;
Note: If there are special requirements, it shall be implemented according to the agreement between the user and the manufacturer. 4.1.1.3 The safe operating distance shall not be less than 0.5m. 4.1.1.4 The utilization level and load state of the crane shall comply with the working level specified in the design. 4.1.1.5 The allowable error of the working power supply voltage is 10%, and the total power supply capacity shall not be less than the provisions of the instruction manual. 4.1.1.6 The track gauge error of the crane shall not be greater than 1/1000 of the nominal value. After the crane is installed, the inclination of the top surface of the rail in the longitudinal and transverse directions shall not exceed 5/1000. The gap between the rail joints shall not exceed 4tmm, and the gap with the rail joints on the other side shall not be less than 1.5. 4.1.1.7 The soil strength of the crane foundation shall comply with the design requirements. 4.1.1.8 The working site of the crane working with outriggers shall be flat and solid to ensure that the inclination of the slewing bearing surface and the horizontal plane is not greater than 5/1000 during operation.
4.1.2 Errors between the main performance parameters and the nominal values 4.1.2.1 When unloaded, the maximum amplitude error of the crane shall not exceed 2% of the nominal value; the minimum amplitude error shall not exceed 5% of the nominal value. 4.1.2.2 When unloaded, the lifting height at the maximum amplitude shall not be less than the nominal value. 4.1.2.3 The tail slewing radius shall not exceed its nominal value by 100mm. 4.1.2.4 The errors of the longitudinal and transverse spans of the outriggers shall not exceed 1% of their nominal values. 4.1.2.5 The width, length and height of the crane when it is towed as a whole shall not be greater than its nominal value. 4.1.3 Materials
The materials used to manufacture cranes shall have a certificate of material production and comply with the provisions of GB3811. For those without a factory certificate of conformity, samples shall be taken for testing, and their chemical composition and mechanical properties shall comply with the standards. The use of materials other than those specified in this standard shall have a reliable theoretical or experimental basis and be signed by the technical department of the crane manufacturer. 4.1.4 Anti-overturning stability and wind and anti-slip performance 4.1.4.1 The anti-overturning stability of the crane shall comply with the provisions of GB3811. 4.1.4.2 For self-erected cranes, their own stability shall be ensured during erection, laying down, changing the structural type and towing. 4.1.4.3 The manufacturer shall provide users with relevant information on stability issues in the accompanying documents, such as the use conditions of the crane, horizontal and vertical loads, overturning moments, etc. 4.1.4.4 The crane shall specify the appropriate location and reliable fixing method for the installation of counterweights and ballasts, and set safe and reliable counterweights and limit devices as required.
The weight, shape and size of the counterweights and ballasts shall meet the requirements of hoisting and fixing and be able to withstand the specified load without damage. The weight of each counterweight and ballast shall be marked in an obvious position. The supply of counterweights and ballasts can be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the user. 4.1.4.5 The wind and skid resistance safety of rail cranes shall comply with the provisions of GB3811. 4.1.4.6 After the crane is installed, in the windless state, the lateral verticality of the tower axis to the supporting surface is 4/1000. 4.2 Structure
W.bzsoso.cOm Free download of various American standard industry materials 4.2.1 Materials
GB 9462--88
4.2.1.1 The materials for the main load-bearing components of the metal structure used for the crane are generally A3 and 16 Mn. For cranes with working environment temperature below 20C or lifting force greater than 1200kN·m, the main load-bearing components should be A3 killed steel or 16Mn, and the material should have the impact toughness required by the corresponding use temperature. 4.2.1.2 Metal structural parts that do not require strength calculation can use A2 and A2F. 4.2.2 Welding and bolting
4.2.2.1 The welding rods used for manual welding should comply with the provisions of GB981. The type of welding rod should be adapted to the material strength of the main component and the type of load on the weld.
When the working environment temperature is lower than -20℃ or the lifting torque is greater than 1200kN+m, the welding of the main load-bearing components, A3 uses T426.T427 type welding rods; 16 Mn uses T506,T507 type welding rods. 4.2.2.2 The welding wire used for automatic welding or semi-automatic welding shall comply with the provisions of GB1300. The selection of welding wire and flux shall be adapted to the material strength of the main component. 4.2.2.3 The type of welding joint shall comply with the provisions of GB 985 and GB 986. 4.2.2.4 The material used for important connecting screws or pins subjected to shear force shall generally be 45 steel or 40Cr, and shall be quenched and tempered. 4.2.2.5 The matching tolerance grade of the screw and hole for reaming holes shall not be lower than the requirements of IT12. 4.2.2.6 The high-strength bolts, nuts and washers used for connecting load-bearing components shall comply with the requirements of the types, sizes and technical conditions of high-strength large hexagonal bolts, large hexagonal nuts and washers for structures specified in relevant standards. 4.2.3 Interchangeability
Towers and booms composed of multiple sections shall ensure that each section is completely interchangeable. For assembled tower sections, it shall ensure that each component is completely interchangeable. The connecting pins of the above components shall also ensure that they are completely interchangeable. 4.2.4 Safety requirements
The safety requirements for crane structural parts shall comply with the provisions of Article 2.3 of GB5144. 4.3 Mechanism
4.3.1 Wire rope
4.3.1.1 Saw wire rope shall comply with the provisions of GB1102. 4.3.1.2 The selection and use of wire rope shall comply with the provisions of Article 3.2 of GB5144. 4.3.2 Hook
4.3.2.1 The hook material should be 20 steel or 16Mn, 20SiMn, and must be forged. When 20 steel is used, its mechanical properties should comply with the provisions of Table!
Hook rod diameter
>80~100
100~300
Tensile strength
Yield strength
Mechanical properties≥
Elongation
4.3.2.2 The mechanical properties of the hook side plate material shall not be lower than the requirements of A3. Yield
Impact toughness
N+m/mm*
103~156
4.3.2.3 Except for the hook hardness in Table 1, which needs to be inspected piece by piece, the other items shall be sampled and inspected at 5% of the product batch, but the number of inspections shall not be less than 3 pieces. The surface of the hook shall be smooth and free of defects such as burrs, sharp corners and heavy skin. The hook shall not be used if it has defects such as cracks, depressions and holes, and it is not allowed to be used after welding. 4.3.2.4 The center line of the hook rod and the center of the hook shall coincide, and the position accuracy shall be 2mm. W4.3.2.5 The hook shall be equipped with an anti-drop claw.
4.3.3 Drum
GB9462—88
4.3.3.1 The ratio of the nominal diameter of the drum to the diameter of the wire rope shall comply with the provisions of Article 4.4.2.3 of GB3811. 4.3.3.2 The height of the edges of the drum on both sides shall exceed the outermost layer of the wire rope winding, and the excess height shall not be less than 2.5 times the diameter of the wire rope. 4.3.3.3 The wire rope shall be arranged neatly on the drum. When the wire rope is wound into or out of the drum, the angle of deviation from the vertical plane of the drum axis shall not exceed 4.5° for the spiral grooved drum and 2° for the smooth drum or multi-layer winding drum. 4.3.3.4 The fixing device of the wire rope on the drum shall be safe and reliable and easy to check. After the wire rope is released to the maximum working length, at least 3 turns of wire rope shall be left on the drum. 4.3.4 Pulley
4.3.4.1 The ratio of the nominal diameter of the pulley to the nominal diameter of the wire rope shall comply with the provisions of Article 4.4.2.3 of GB3811. The maximum allowable angle of deflection of the wire rope when winding in or out of the pulley shall not exceed 5°4.3.4.2 The pulley shall be equipped with an anti-slip groove device for the wire rope. The gap between the anti-slip groove device and the outermost edge of the pulley shall not exceed 20% of the wire rope diameter.
4.3.4.3 The assembled drain wheel shall be able to rotate flexibly, and the lateral swing shall not exceed 1/1000 of the pulley diameter.4.3.5 Travel wheel
The verification of the travel wheel shall comply with the provisions of Article 4.4.4 of GB3811. 4.3.6 Brakes
4.3.6.1 The selection and use of brakes shall comply with the provisions of Article 4.2.1.3 of GB3811 and Article 3.5 of GB5144. 4.3.6.2 The brakes installed in the trolley luffing mechanism, walking mechanism and slewing mechanism shall ensure the stability of the crane operation. 4.3.7 Slewing bearing and slewing mechanism
4.3.7.1 The technical requirements of the slewing bearing of the crane shall comply with the provisions of relevant standards. 4.3.7.2 When slewing according to the specified mechanism working conditions under all working conditions, the starting and braking shall be smooth. 4.3.7.3 In the non-working state, the slewing mechanism shall allow The boom rotates freely with the wind. 4.3.8 Lifting mechanism
4.3.8.1 When operating at the specified working level of the mechanism under the rated lifting capacity, the starting and braking should be smooth. 4.3.8.2 After the load is stopped in the air, when it is repeatedly lifted slowly, the load is not allowed to slide down instantly. 4.3.8.3 The lifting mechanism should have slow positioning performance, and the micro-motion descent speed should comply with the provisions of J1. 4.3.8.4 When the lifting height (maximum amplitude) is greater than or equal to 25m, it should be able to achieve rapid descent of empty hook or light load, but the motor rotor is not allowed to exceed the limit speed.
4.3.8.5 For mechanical gear shifting with step-speed change For lifting mechanisms, there should be clear regulations on gear shifting during the process of lifting and lowering loads, and corresponding safety measures should be taken.
4.3.9 Luffing mechanism
4.3.9.1 For cranes with boom luffing, for luffing mechanisms that can luff with load, in addition to meeting the stability during the luffing process, a reliable overspeed automatic stop should be provided. For luffing mechanisms that cannot luff with load, a maneuverable stop should be provided. 4.3.9.2 For cranes with trolley luffing, in the no-load state, the deviation of the support point of any wheel and track of the luffing trolley from the plane formed by the support points of other wheels and tracks shall not exceed 1/1000 of the nominal value of the wheelbase. 4.3.10 Travel Mechanism
4.3.10.1 When operating at the specified working level under all working conditions, starting and braking should be smooth. 4.3.10.2 When the slewing platform or tower body and ballast are not assembled, the deviation of the support point of any running wheel and track from the plane formed by the support points of other running wheels and tracks shall not exceed 1/1000 of the nominal value of the wheelbase. 4.3.10.3 The plane formed by the support points of the running wheels and tracks of the downturn crane shall be parallel to the plane of the slewing bearing installed on the underframe, which shall be 1/1000 of the diameter of the slewing bearing raceway. 4.3.11 Installation and disassembly
W.bzsoso.coIGB 9462-88
4.3.11.1 For self-erected cranes, the erection procedures and methods, operating requirements and safety measures should be specified, and high-altitude operations should be avoided as much as possible. 4.3.11.2 For cranes that are not self-erected, the installation sequence, the small site, and the capacity of the lifting equipment used should be specified in detail. Each hoisting component should be given the hoisting position, outline size, and weight, and connection devices such as lifting rings and pins should be set as needed. 4.3.11.3 The lifting and lowering of the tower body and the top lifting frame should be smooth, safe and reliable. The radial clearance between the guide wheel and the guide rail is 2~5mm. 4.3.11.4 The outriggers of cranes working with outriggers should be able to be adjusted separately, and should be reliably fixed in the horizontal and vertical directions. 4. 3.11.5 The manufacturer should provide users with special tools for installation and bomb disposal. 4.3.12 Hydraulic system
4.3.12.1 The hydraulic system shall be equipped with safety devices to prevent overload and hydraulic shock. The adjustment pressure of the overflow valve shall not be greater than 110% of the rated working pressure of the system.
The rated working pressure of the system shall not be greater than the rated pressure of the filter pressure. 4.3.12.2 The hydraulic system shall be equipped with oil filters and other devices to prevent pollution. The filtering accuracy shall meet the requirements of the wave pressure element selected in the system.
4.3.12.3 The hydraulic oil shall meet the performance standards of the selected oil and be able to adapt to the temperature of the working environment. 4.3.12.4 The oil tank shall have sufficient capacity and be able to keep the oil temperature of the hydraulic system within the normal operating temperature range during the continuous operation test, and the temperature rise shall not exceed 40℃.
: 4.3.12.5 The technical requirements of general hydraulic components shall comply with the provisions of relevant standards. 4.3.12.6 The hydraulic transmission shall be stable and there shall be no abnormal noise caused by vibration and air bubbles. 4.3.12.7 In order to prevent the hydraulic cylinder from overspeeding down or falling due to the influence of its own weight, oil pipe rupture or leakage, a reliable balance valve and hydraulic lock should be installed in the hydraulic system.
Balance valve and hydraulic lock should be installed directly on the hydraulic cylinder body as much as possible. 4.3.12.8 The size of the oil pipe should meet the pressure and flow requirements of the hydraulic system, and the parts that fix the pipeline should be elastic. The bending radius of the steel pipe should be larger than the outer diameter of the blue pipe. For braided rubber hose, it should meet the requirements of relevant standards. The oil pipe should be arranged neatly and convenient for installation and disassembly, maintenance and inspection.
4.3.12.9 Self-made hydraulic components (hydraulic pump, reversing valve, hydraulic cylinder, balance valve, hydraulic lock, etc.) should be tested according to the requirements of the factory test of relevant hydraulic components.
4.3.13 Lubrication
The bearing should have a lubricating bone and it is convenient to add lubricant. A lubrication diagram for the entire machine should be provided to indicate the lubrication parts, cycles, and brands of oil (grease), and lubrication should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the instruction manual.
4.3.14: Control system
4.3.14.1 The design and manufacture of the control system shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 5 of GB5144. 4.3.14.2 Each operating action shall not interfere with each other or cause malfunction. After each handle, handwheel, and pedal are positioned, they shall not be out of position due to vibration or other reasons.
4.3.15 Driver's room
4.3.15.1 The machine room shall comply with the provisions of Article 2.4 of G5144. 4.3.15.2 Tempered glass or laminated glass should be used as much as possible for door and window glass. 4.3.15.3 The driver's desk or passenger elevator that can be raised and lowered shall comply with the relevant provisions of the national standard 4.3.16 Protection
Protective covers shall be provided for the external rotating parts of transmission devices such as gears, belts, and chains. All kinds of protective covers should be strong and easy to observe and repair. 4.3.17 Noise
When the crane is working under rated conditions, the maximum noise in the driver's cab should not exceed 85dB(A). 4.4 Electrical
W.bzsoso.cOm4.4.1 General provisions
GB 9462-88
4.4.1.1For cranes without special requirements, a three-phase AC power supply of 380V and 50Hz should be used. 4.4.1.2Electrical equipment and electrical components should be selected according to different use environments, dry heat (TA) type or wet heat (TH) type, and meet the requirements of the work type and work system.
4.4.1.3 In the main circuit and control circuit, the insulation resistance to ground shall not be less than 0.5M9. 4.4.1.4 The electrical system shall have reliable automatic protection devices. 4.4.1.5 The main structure of the crane, the motor base and the metal casing of all electrical equipment, and the metal protective tube of the wire shall be reliably grounded, and the grounding resistance shall not be greater than 40 (the repeated grounding resistance shall not be greater than 102). 4.4.1.6 Electrical equipment and electrical components shall be installed in a general or separate cabinet cover. The distribution box shall have a door lock and a danger warning sign shall be set outside the door. 4.4.1.7 All wire connection ends on the distribution box and control panel shall be accurately and clearly marked and consistent with the electrical wiring diagram. 4.4.1.8 The installation of the electrical system shall comply with the relevant provisions of GBI232, etc. in addition to meeting the requirements of this standard. 4.4.2 Motor
4.4.2.1 The motor shall comply with the provisions of GB755. 4.4.2.2 The capacity, mechanical strength, insulation grade and protection of the motor shall meet the requirements of the use conditions and the working level of the mechanism. 4.4.2.3 The installation position of the motor shall be convenient for maintenance and meet the requirements of ventilation and cooling. 4.4.3 Control and operation
4.4.3.1 An emergency switch shall be installed in a conspicuous place in the driver's desk or on the portable control device. 4.4.3.2 The control handle and the control button shall be equipped with a zero position protection device. 4.4.3.3 The portable control device shall be firm and sealed, the metal casing shall be reliably grounded, and the voltage of the control circuit shall not exceed 48V. 4.4.3.4 The crane shall be equipped with necessary sound, light signal and communication contact devices. The type, capacity and temperature rise of the resistor shall meet the requirements of the working type, and the casing shall ensure insulation and ventilation. 4.4.3.5
4.4.3.6 Various limit switches shall be safe and reliable. After being out of contact and returning to normal working state, the limit switch shall be able to reset automatically or automatically.
4.4.3.7 Control systems that can be operated from two locations shall have reliable electrical interlocking devices. 4.4.4 Collectors
4.4.4.1 The contact area between the brush and the slip ring shall not be less than 80%, and the monthly contact shall be good and meet the requirements of its current capacity. 4.4.4.2 The insulation resistance between each slip ring shall not be less than 1M, and the minimum distance between the slip rings shall be 6mm. The slip rings shall not have breakdown or flashover after the withstand voltage test.
4.4.4.3 Exposed collectors shall be equipped with anti-sound covers. 4.4.5 Cable reels
4.4.5.1 Rail-mounted cranes shall be equipped with cable reels or other similar devices. 4.4.5.2 It shall be ensured that the cable will not be broken or accumulated at any position and direction near the work area, and the relay shall not be allowed to have strong wear.
4.4.5.3 The end of the cable shall be fixed on the reel to protect the electrical contacts from being pulled. 4.4.6 Wires and cables
4.4.6.1 YC-500 heavy-duty cables should be used for power cables. 4.4.6.2 The cross-sectional area of the motor power cable shall not be less than 2.5mm2, and the cross-sectional area of the excavation loop and auxiliary wiring shall not be less than 1mm. 4.4.6.3 The tensile stress generated by the weight of the vertically suspended cable shall not exceed the mechanical strength of the selected cable. 4.4.6.4 Protective measures should be taken for the exposed fixed wires on the crane in places where there are mechanical injuries, chemical corrosion, and oil corrosion. 4.4.7 Lighting
4.4.7.1 The voltage of the lighting circuit shall not exceed 220V, and the lighting circuit shall have a separate knife switch. 4.4.7.2 For cranes with a tower height greater than 30m, red obstacle indicator lights should be installed at the highest point and both arm ends; and the power supply should be ensured not to be affected by shutdown; width, brake and turn indicator lights should be installed on the crane for integral hauling. 4.5 Safety devices
In addition to the safety requirements specified in each chapter, cranes shall also be equipped with the following safety devices in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. 4.5.1 Hook height limiter
4.5.1.1 For cranes with boom luffing, when the top of the hook device rises to 800mm from the lower end of the boom, the lifting movement shall be stopped immediately.
4.5.1.2 For cranes with trolley luffing, the minimum distance from the top of the hook device to the lower end of the trolley frame shall be determined according to the type of crane and the ratio of the lifting wire rope: 1000mm for upper slewing cranes at 2 times and 700mm for 4 times; 800mm for lower slewing cranes at 2 times and 400mm for 4 times, at which time the lifting movement shall be stopped immediately. 4.5.2 Lifting torque limiter and lifting capacity limiter 4.5.2.1 When the lifting torque exceeds its rated value and is less than 110% of the rated value, the lifting direction and outward amplitude change action should be stopped. For cranes with trolley amplitude change, the lifting torque limiter should be equipped with limit switches and contacts adjusted according to the lifting weight and amplitude respectively. For cranes with a maximum trolley amplitude change speed exceeding 0.67m/s, when the lifting torque reaches 80% of the rated value when the trolley is moving outward, it should automatically switch to low-speed operation.
4.5.2.2 If indicators of lifting weight and amplitude are provided, the numerical display should be correct and easy to read. The numerical error shall not be greater than 5% of the indicated value.
4.5.2.3 When the lifting weight exceeds the maximum lifting weight and is less than 110% of the maximum lifting weight, the movement in the lifting direction should be stopped, but the mechanism is allowed to move in the downward direction.
For a hoisting mechanism with multiple speed changes, this limiter should have the function of preventing over-cutting at each gear. 4.5.3 Amplitude limiter
4.5.3.1 For cranes with boom luffing, a minimum amplitude limiter and a device to prevent the boom from rebounding and tilting backward should be installed. 4.5.3.2 For cranes with trolley luffing, a trolley travel limit switch and a terminal buffer device should be installed. 4.5.4 Track clamp
For rail-mounted cranes, a track clamp should be installed. During operation, it should be ensured that the track clamp does not hinder the movement of the crane. 4.5.5 Travel limiter
For rail-mounted cranes, a set of travel limiters should be installed in each force direction. 4.5.6 Anemometer
For cranes with a hinge point at the root of the boom exceeding 50m in height, an anemometer should be installed at the top. 4.5.7 Rotation limiter
For cranes without collectors or special use requirements for the slewing part, a rotation limiter should be installed. 4.5.8 Rope-breaking protection device for trolley luffing
For trolley luffing cranes that can work with the arm raised, a rope-breaking protection device for trolley luffing should be installed. 4.6 Appearance and surface protection
4.6.1 The appearance, paint and trademark patterns of the crane should be beautiful, bright and eye-catching. 4.6.2 The exposed and dismantled pins, bolts, chains and other connecting parts should be galvanized, passivated, bluing, blackening or phosphating. The spring should be phosphating.
The piston rod of the oil cylinder should be chrome-plated.
4.6.3 The quality standard of the paint should comply with the provisions of the relevant standards. 4.7 Product quality classification
4.7.1 The product design is reasonable, the technical performance meets the provisions of the relevant national standards and departmental standards, and it is safe and reliable and meets the use requirements. 4.7.2 Products are divided into three grades according to their technical performance, technical and economic indicators, and quality levels: standard products, second-class products, and superior products. 4.7.2.1 The technical performance and appearance quality of the products shall be checked according to the items listed in Table 2 and Table 3. WGB 946288
4.7.2.2 The technical and economic indicators of the products shall be checked according to the items specified in Table 4. 4.7.3 Performance test method
4.7.3.1 Performance test
Perform in accordance with the provisions of GB5031.
4. 7. 3. 2 Continuous operation test
Perform in accordance with the provisions of Article 5.4.10.
4.7.3.3 Torque limiter accuracy test
Measure the accuracy of the lifting torque limiter at the three positions of maximum amplitude, middle amplitude, and maximum amplitude allowed for the maximum lifting weight (no adjustment is allowed during the test).
4.7.3.4 Reliability test
Carry out according to the provisions of JJ39.
Table 2 Technical performance assessment items
25% Su
Load test
Combined dynamic
Action test
Assessment items and inspection contents
Maximum working height error
Minimum working amplitude error
Lifting height at maximum amplitude
Wheelbase error
Wheelbase error
Operation condition
Manipulation condition
Travel limit switch
Height limit switch
Amplitude change limit switch
Operation condition
Lifting speed error
Same-rotation speed error
Travel speed error
Amplitude change speed error
Micro-motion descending speed error|| tt||Whether the weight of the product is slipping
Whether the main load-bearing components are permanently deformed
Whether the welds are cracked
Operation condition
Operation condition
Sound exposure in the machine room d3(A)
Noise of the lifting mechanism dB(A)
Qualified products
First-class products
Superior products
Not less than the nominal value
1/1000
Flexible and reliable
Flexible and reliable
Flexible and reliable
Flexible and reliable
Flexible and light
When no-load
Maximum error ≤10mm
Maximum error 5mm
When lifting steadily, the distance from the reducer
to the top is 1 m measurement
.bzsoso:comSerial number
70% rated
rated load
Continuous operation
Assessment items and inspection contents
Fasteners of various parts
Gear reducer oil temperature rise
Worm reducer oil pool temperature rise
Case oil shock
Torque limiter accuracy
During the test process of items 2 to 7
Damage of main parts
Operation rate A1
Reliability
Fasteners
Disassembly and inspection items
A-level average rate of no fault
Working time
GB 9462-- 88
Continued Table 2
Qualified products
≥85%
No looseness
<±5%
≥87%bZxz.net
Superior products
≥90%
Conform to J39 regulations
Table 3 Overall appearance quality inspection items
Inspection items and contents
Whether the bolt is lower than the mother
Exposed amount of bolt head
Surface treatment
Gloss
Whether there is peeling
Whether there is wrinkle
Shot peening before painting components
Yes No flash
With or without sand
Qualified products
No obvious defects
First-class products
Smooth surface
Superior products
No defects
0~~5 buckles
Bright luster
No obvious peeling
No obvious wrinkles
No peeling
No wrinkles
No flash
No sand
Main components refer to load-bearing components, transmission components, hooks and other important load-bearing components
NA-0, take N 1
Paint scraping inspection
Inspection items
GB 946288
Table 4 Technical and economic index assessment items
Self-position coefficient
kg/kN·m*
Upper rotation
Lower rotation
Energy consumption coefficient
kW-/kN-m2
Upper rotation
Lower rotation
Working space coefficient
m/kN-m
Upper rotation
Lower rotation
W Lifting
Inspection items
Short kN·m
Note: (E Self-weight coefficient-
GB 9462--88
Continued Table 4
Self-weight coefficient
kg/kN+m2
Upper slewing
Lower slewing
Box weight (excluding ballast weight and counterweight)
Rated lifting moment×corresponding lifting height
Total installed capacity of lifting and slewing mechanism
②Energy consumption coefficient
Rated lifting maximum lifting speed
③Working space coefficient - rated working space
@Working room: the space that the crane hook can reach. 5 Product Acceptance Rules and Test Requirements
5.1 Acceptance Rules
Energy Consumption Coefficient
kW+s/kN-m*
Upper Rotation
5.1.1 Cranes with new design, conversion and major improvements shall pass technical appraisal. Lower Rotation
5.1.2 Before leaving the factory, the crane shall be subject to factory inspection. After passing the inspection, the product certificate shall be attached before it can be shipped." Working Space Coefficient
m*/kN-m
Upper Rotation
Lower Rotation
For cranes produced in batches, the number of units inspected before leaving the factory shall be 10% of the batch, but shall not be less than 2 units. If one unit fails to pass the inspection, double sampling shall be conducted. If there are still unqualified units in the double sampling inspection, the batch of products shall be inspected one by one, and unqualified units shall not leave the factory. 5.1.3 Users can accept the product according to the requirements of "factory inspection" in Article 11.4. 5.2 Product technical appraisal
5.2.1 Before product appraisal, the prototype should pass the type test. 5.2.2 Product technical appraisal should include the following contents: review of product technical documents,
review of prototype (appearance, structural type, manufacturing quality, safety requirements and performance test); h.
review of the quality assurance system of the product of the manufacturing unit. 5.3 Type test
5.3.1 Test conditions
The test prototype is assembled with the basic structural type reported for appraisal. The track and foundation shall comply with the provisions of Article 4.1.1 of this standard. Other test conditions shall comply with the provisions of GB5031. 5. 3.2 General provisions
5.3.2.1 Type tests shall be conducted in the following order: anti-overturning stability verification
b. Performance test;
Structural test;
d. Load reliability test,
e. Industrial test.
GB 946288
5.3.2.2 During the test, detailed records of maintenance, failures and repairs during the test shall be made in accordance with the regulations. 5.3.2.3 Test reports shall be prepared for each test separately, and a type test report shall be compiled. 5.3.2.4. Type tests shall be conducted on the same prototype, but industrial tests may be conducted on another prototype. 5.3.3 Tests
5.3.3.1 Anti-overturning stability verification
The anti-overturning stability of the crane shall be verified by calculation and load test. 5. 3. 3. 1. 1 Calculation verification
5.3.3. 4.1. 1 This shall be carried out in accordance with Article 2. 3. 1.3 of GB 3811. 5.3.3.1.1.2 Tower crane manufacturers shall provide stability calculation data of the test prototype and parameters such as the actual weight and center of gravity position of each component of the prototype.
5.3.3.1.2 Load test verification
This verification shall be completed during the wing load test in the performance test of Article 5.3.3.2. During the test, check that each support point shall not be separated from the supporting surface. 5.3.3.1.3 Wind and anti-skid safety verification
This verification is carried out through calculation. The verification is carried out in accordance with Article 1.4.2 of GB3811, but the actual weight of the test prototype must be substituted. Actual parameter values. 5.3.3.2 Performance test
Perform according to the provisions of GB5031.
5.3.3.3 Structure test
Perform according to the relevant provisions of JJ30.
5.3.3.4 Reliability test
Perform according to the provisions of JJ39.
Various safety protection devices should be tested as follows: Every time 2% of the basic cycles of the corresponding mechanism are completed, the safety device of the mechanism should be inspected once. Debugging is not allowed before inspection. If the torque limiter fails or exceeds the tolerance, it shall be handled as a Class A failure. 5-3.3. 5 Industrial test
5.3.3.5.1 Industrial tests should be carried out in convenient units with corresponding operating conditions. 5.3.3.5.2 Industrial tests should record the actual operating time of the prototype. The total operating hours shall not be less than 500h. 5.3.3.5.3. Detailed records should be kept for industrial tests (including: operating conditions, number of working cycles, operating time, load weight, etc.). 5:3.3.5.4 After the test, an industrial test report and the evaluation opinions of the user unit should be prepared. 5.4 Factory inspection
5.4.1 General provisions
All newly designed transmission, safety, electrical or other devices should be installed on the crane for factory inspection after their reliability has been verified separately.
5.4.2 Installation and disassembly inspection
This inspection shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the product instructions. The whole machine shall not overturn or parts shall not be damaged during the operation. The installation and disassembly operations shall be completed within the time specified in the instructions and with the specified manpower. All actions should be smooth and accurate.
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