Some standard content:
GB16757--1997
The main parts of this standard, such as the provisions and classification of lead equivalent values, the selection of lead apron size, etc., adopt the Japanese Industrial Standard JISZ4803-1991 "X-ray protective aprons". The main physical and mechanical performance indicators of X-ray protection materials, such as tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, and tear strength, adopt the technical indicators of Japanese Industrial Standard JISZ4801-1987 "Lead-containing rubber sheets and lead-containing polyvinyl fluoride sheets for X-ray shielding". Other indicators have been adjusted in accordance with my country's actual situation. During the drafting of the standard, the main technical indicators also referred to the relevant standards of Germany and the United Kingdom. In addition, the new provisions on occupational radiation dose limits in Recommendation No. 60 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) in 1990 were taken into account. The provisions reduced the occupational radiation dose of workers from 50mSv per year in the past to an average of 20mSv per year over 5 years, and required that it should not exceed 50mSv in any one year. The protection principles and regulations proposed by ICRP are currently an important basis for countries around the world to formulate their own radiation protection standards.
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Labor of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Labor Protection Products. The drafting units of this standard are: Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Labor Protection Science and Technology, Daqing Municipal Labor Bureau. The main drafters of this standard are: Liu Jingyao, Tian Ning, Liu Honggang, Li Changhui, Jin Haiyang, Liu Dongling. 31-
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
X-ray protective clothing
X-ray protective clothing
GB16757-1997
This standard specifies the definition, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging, transportation, storage and use of X-ray protective clothing.
This standard applies to protective clothing made of lead rubber, lead plastic and other composite materials for personnel exposed to X-rays. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards are constituted as provisions of this standard by reference in this standard. When this standard was published, the versions shown were valid. All standards are subject to revision. Parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T528-92 Determination of tensile properties of vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic rubber GB/T529-91 Determination of tear strength of vulcanized rubber (trouser-shaped, right-angled and crescent-shaped test specimens) GB/T531-92 Test method for Shore A hardness of vulcanized rubber GB/T1040-92 Test method for tensile properties of plastics GB2411---80 Test method for Shore A hardness of plastics GB13640-92 Type of labor protective clothing
3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Front and back type X-ray protective clothing X-ray protective clothing with protective materials on both the front and back sides. 3.2 Lead equivalent lead equivalent
Under the same irradiation conditions, the thickness of the lead layer with the same shielding ability as the protective material being tested. The unit is expressed in mmPb. 4 Product classification and specifications
4.1 Classification
4.1.1 Classification by lead equivalent size
Type I (0.25mmPb), Type 1 (0.35mmPb), Type 1 (0.50mmPb). 4.1.2 Classification by type and style
Clothes, trousers, gowns, aprons, vests, neck covers, caps, etc. 4.2 Specifications
4.2.1 The size of the control parts of X-ray protective clothing shall be selected in accordance with the provisions of GB13640. 4.2.2 The size of the X-ray protective apron shall comply with the provisions of Table 1. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on March 14, 1997 and implemented on October 1, 1997
Medium (M)
Small (S)
GB 16757-1997
Table 1 Size of X-ray protective skirts
1100±20
1000±20
900±20
Note: Length and width refer to the shortest and narrowest dimensions of the apron. 4.2.3 Other types of protective equipment shall be implemented in accordance with the agreement between the supply and demand parties. 5 Technical requirements
600±20
600±20
550±20
5.1 The appearance of the protective material shall not have pores, cracks, bubbles, foreign matter and unevenness that affect the performance. 5.2 The lead equivalent of X-ray protective clothing shall comply with the provisions of Table 2. Table 2 Classification of lead equivalent of X-ray protective clothing
Lead equivalent and grade
Front-type X-ray protective clothing
Front- and back-type X-ray protective clothing
5.3 The physical properties of the materials selected for X-ray protective clothing shall comply with the provisions of Table 3. Table 3 Physical properties of X-ray protective clothing materials
Tensile strength, MPa
Elongation at break, %
Permanent deformation at break, %
Hardness (Shore A)| |tt||Tear strength, N/m
Lead rubber
≥400
>16500
Material type
Allowable error
Lead plastic and other composite materials
≥120 (elongation at break)
5.4The surface and lining of X-ray protective clothing should be covered with lead-free rubber, plastic or fabric that is easy to clean and disinfect to prevent the user from directly contacting the lead-containing protective material.
Test method
6.1 Appearance quality inspection
Observe visually under normal natural light or 2001x light source conditions. 6.2 Specification and size inspection
Inspect with a measuring tool with a scale accurate to 1mm.
6.3 Physical property test
6.3.1 Tensile strength, elongation at break, and permanent deformation at break for lead rubber shall be tested in accordance with the provisions of GB528. Dumbbell-shaped type I specimens are used, and the test tensile speed is 500mm/min±50mm/min. Lead plastics are tested in accordance with the provisions of GB1040. Type I specimens are used, and the test speed is 100mm/min±10mm/min. 316
6.3.2 Hardness testwww.bzxz.net
GB 16757-1997
Lead rubber is tested in accordance with the provisions of GB531. Lead plastics are tested in accordance with the provisions of GB2411. 6.3.3 Tear strength test
Lead rubber is tested in accordance with the provisions of GB/T529. A rectangular specimen without cuts is used, and the tensile speed is 500mm/min±50mm/min.
6.4 Lead equivalent test
The standard lead sheet substitution method is used, and the measurement is carried out using an ionization chamber type X-ray irradiation meter. The test device and conditions are shown in Figures 1, 2 and Table 4.
1---X-ray tube, 2--beam limiting device: 3--sample or standard lead sheet; 4--shielding plate; 5--X-ray dosimeter, 6--wall or ground Figure 1 Test device for wide beam
1--X-ray tube; 2--beam limiting device: 3--shielding plate: 4--sample or standard lead sheet; 5--X-ray dosimeter; 6--wall or ground
Figure 2 Test device for narrow beam
Table 4 Lead equivalent test conditions
Type of X-ray beam
Wide beam condition
Narrow beam condition
1) When the lead equivalent is uniform.
uWidth of X-ray beam;
α…Distance between X-ray source and sample;
·…Distance between sample and center of dosimeter, a
Distance from center of dosimeter to rear wall or ground; d.-Distance between shielding plate and sample.
≥321
≥700
6.4.1 The X-ray beam used for the test should be a wide beam. When the sample is small or the lead equivalent of the sample is uniform, a narrow beam can be used. 6.4.2 The high-voltage generator of the X-ray machine should meet the test tube voltage requirements, the output should be stable, and the test tube voltage fluctuation percentage should be less than 4%.
6.4.3 For X-ray protective equipment with a tube voltage below 150kV, the test tube voltage is 100kV, and the total filtration is carried out under the conditions of 0.25mmCu317
GB16757--1997
or above. For X-ray protective equipment with a voltage above 150kV, the corresponding filter copper sheet thickness is shown in Table 5. Table 5 X-ray machine tube voltage and corresponding filter copper sheet thickness Tube voltage
6.4.4 The purity of the standard lead sheet is 99.90%, and the thickness accuracy is ±0.01mm. Thickness of additional filter copper sheet
6.4.5 The repeatability of the measuring instrument shall not be less than ±5%. 6.4.6 When using standard lead sheets for measurement, the selected standard lead sheets shall have no less than three thicknesses and shall be able to fully cover the lead equivalent value of the sample being measured.
6.4.7 When measuring the sample, there shall be no less than three points each time, and the average value shall be taken. Repeat each point three times, and the lowest value shall be taken. 6.4.8 Measure the exposure rate after attenuation by the standard lead sheet or sample. Use the graphical interpolation method to calculate the lead equivalent of the sample. 7 Inspection rules
7.1 The inspection of X-ray protective clothing is divided into factory inspection and type inspection. 7.2 Products must be inspected by a quality supervision and inspection agency recognized by the state, and can only be produced and sold if they meet this standard and obtain a product inspection certificate and production license.
7.3 Factory inspection
7.3.1 Products are produced in batches, and each product must be inspected by the quality inspection department of the manufacturer in accordance with the provisions of Table 6. Table 6 Factory Inspection Items
Inspection Items
Specifications and Dimensions of X-ray Protective Clothing
Appearance of Protective Materials
Surface and Lining of X-ray Protective Clothing
Marking of X-ray Protective Clothing
Packaging of X-ray Protective Clothing
7.3.2 Determination of Product Unqualified:
Corresponding Clauses
a) If one item of Category B in Table 6 is unqualified, the unit product is determined to be unqualified; b) If two items of Category C in Table 6 are unqualified, the unit product is determined to be unqualified. 7.3.3 Unqualified products inspected by the factory are allowed to be reorganized and inspected according to this plan. 7.4 Type Inspection
Classification of Unqualified
7.4.1 The quality supervision and inspection department recognized by the state is responsible. Type inspection shall be carried out when one of the following situations occurs. a) When a new product or product is transferred to another factory for production or trial production and identification, b) After formal production, if there are major changes in structure, materials, or processes, c) During normal production, inspection shall be conducted once a year, d) When the product is resumed after being discontinued for half a year, e) When the factory inspection result is significantly different from the last type inspection result; f) When the national quality supervision agency proposes to conduct type inspection. 318
GB 16757—1997
7.4.2 Type inspection shall be conducted first for factory inspection, and random sampling shall be conducted from the qualified batch, with the number of inspection samples being two for each type. 7.4.3 In addition to all items of factory inspection, type inspection shall also include inspections for the items listed in Table 7. Table 7 Type inspection items
Inspection items
Lead equivalent of protective materials
Physical properties of protective materials
7.4.4 Determination of product non-conformity:
Corresponding clauses
a) Determination of non-conformity of Class B and Class C shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of 7.3.2 of this standard; b) If there is one non-conformity in Class A in Table 7, the unit product shall be determined as a non-conforming product. 8 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage and use 8.1 Each product shall have the following markings:
a) Product name;
b) Product specifications:
c) Quality grade;
d) Lead equivalent;
e) Manufacturer name and address.
Non-conformity classification
8.2 Each product shall be placed in a soft bag, and then the soft bag shall be flat packed in a wooden box. Each soft bag shall be accompanied by a product inspection certificate and instruction manual. The inspection certificate shall include the following contents: a) product name, b) manufacturer's name and address; c) production date, d) inspector code, etc. 8.3 The packaging box shall have the following marks: a) product name, specification, quantity, grade, production date; b) volume (length × width × height), weight (gross weight, net weight); c) implementation standard number and serial number; d) factory name, address and postal code. 8.4 Do not put heavy pressure, sun exposure or rain during transportation and storage. It is strictly forbidden to contact with corrosive and soluble substances such as acid, alkali, oil, organic solvents, etc. 8.5 The product shall be stored in a dry and ventilated warehouse with a storage temperature of -10 to 40°C and a height of more than 150mm from the ground. 8.6 Under the above storage conditions, the product has a shelf life of - years from the date of manufacture. During the storage period, the product quality should meet the requirements of this standard. Expired storage should be re-inspected and can only be sold and used after passing the inspection. 8.7 According to the difference in X-ray intensity in different workplaces or in accordance with relevant standards and regulations, choose X-ray protective clothing with different levels of lead equivalent. After use, it should be hung away from heat sources and strong light, and should not be pressed into a dead fold or damaged. The normal service life of X-ray protective clothing is 4~~5 years.
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