Some standard content:
Verification regulations for DC watt-hour meters
JJG 842—1993
Verification regulations for DC watt-hour meters
Yerification Kegnlation or D,CKilouatt-bour Melur
J.IG842--1993
The calibration procedure was approved by the State Technical Supervision Bureau on July 14, 1992, and was implemented on June 1, 1994. The responsible unit is: Liaoning Provincial Technical Supervision Bureau
The drafting unit is: Liaoning Provincial Metrology and Testing Technology Research Institute. The drafting unit is responsible for interpreting the technical texts of this regulation. The main drafter of this regulation is: Gao Xiezuo (Liaoning Provincial Metrology and Testing Technology Research Institute) 54
Technical requirements
Verification conditions-
Verification items
Four stability methods
Five verification result processing and verification cycle
Appendix 1 Use of calibration equipment Standard instruments
Reference 2 Evaluation method of output voltage (current) stability of calibration equipment 3. Measurement of ripple coefficient of output voltage of calibration device by force method 4. Verification procedures for DC watt-hour meters with "certificate of control" and "calibration notice" 786. This procedure is applicable to the calibration of DC watt-hour meters (hereinafter referred to as watt-hour meters) in new production and repair. Technical requirements. The standard state of the watt-hour meter under test shall comply with the relevant provisions of national standards. 2. The basic error is expressed as a percentage of the relative error of the watt-hour meter value. The allowable error shall not exceed the provisions in Table 1. 2.2 The basic error of the watt-hour meter used with special accessories shall meet the requirements of Table 1 after matching with other accessories. Table 1 Electrical properties Light properties Plastic properties Accurate watt-hour meter, main temperature, etc. 50 - 120
: small, for calibration test;
electric type is not required,
make the electric meter with overweight limit.
Recognition (%)
2.3 When using the electric energy meter with external tea accessories or limited interruption accessories, the basic errors of the electric energy meter and accessories should be specified separately, and the basic error of the electric energy meter shall not exceed the provisions of Table 1. The basic error of accessories shall not be greater than 1/5 of the grade of the corresponding electric energy meter, such as shunts, voltage dividers, mutual inductors and additional current curves, 3 starting current
Under rated voltage, when the load current value of the meter does not exceed 2 of the calibration current: the electric energy meter is sold, 4 latent
When the current line of the electric energy meter has no user The current, the voltage applied to the voltage line is 80% to 13% of the rated value. The meter counter should not change more than 10%. [Electric energy meter with working power supply, the power supply is rated voltage: the rotation of the dial of the electric energy meter should not exceed one turn. S Input voltage influence
Under the rated current, the input voltage positive change range is 30% of the rated value, and the relative error or change of the energy caused by this should not exceed half of its grade value: 6 Insulation
6.1 Line to ground insulation
All lines of the energy meter shall be able to withstand the test of the actual sine wave positive current for [mi without or with the metal layer of the outer shell made of insulation material. The test voltage is determined according to the rated voltage of the power supply from the provisions of Table 2, the energy pre-sufficient voltage (Y) ±2 ~ 50% of the rated voltage (chain signal) of the power supply phase constant voltage V (Vi)>.003·2000 2003- 7o0
The total voltage (effective supply voltage 1
) is measured with a converter above the rated voltage of the measuring instrument. The rated output voltage of the test transformer is determined. For the meter with a rated voltage higher than 7o01V and the measuring converter, if the converted output voltage does not exceed 4V, the test voltage of the energy meter shall meet the requirements of 600V for the new voltage in Table 2. 6.2 The insulation withstand voltage of the insulated circuits between phases shall be tested with a rated 50H sinusoidal AC voltage (effective value). The test voltage shall be based on the rated voltage of the test circuit as given in Table 2. 6.3 The insulation resistance of the electric energy meter to the shell shall be not less than 40M4 (+1kV is calculated as 1V if the rated voltage is V). When the rated voltage increases by 1kV (calculated as 1kV if the rated voltage is less than 1V), add 20Mn and use a 1kV receiving meter to measure. 2. Verification conditions: The basic error of the test meter is tested under the standard condition of 1kV. 7.1 Environmental temperature 20-2℃: 1. Relative humidity ≤80% 7.3 The position of the meter under test shall be determined by the magnetic field of more than 0.5MT 7.4 The electric energy meter is used as the power source and the working period is interrupted for 1 month. The deviation of the rated value should not exceed: 2%; 7.5 The rated value of the input voltage should not exceed 2%; 7.6 The dynamic coefficient of the input voltage and current is less than 2%; 7 The angle of the electric energy meter deviating from the working position is not greater than 2\; 8 When verifying the electric energy recorder with external accessories, the accessories should be separated and only the error of the meter should be determined: The accessories should be verified according to the corresponding verification concept or technical conditions:
7.9 Before the test, the test meter should be kept in the test environment for not less than 3:7.10 The electric energy meter is tightened, the rated pressure is increased, and the calibration current is: 3 yuan: Determine the basic error in the order of decreasing actual current rate,
8 Verification device ||tt| |8.1 The measurement error of the energy meter to be tested shall not exceed the provisions of Table 3. 8.2 The output of the calibration device shall not exceed 1/0 of the value of the calibration meter during the calibration period.
83 The voltage of the calibration device: The voltage regulating equipment can ensure the zero value of the calibration meter, the reverse current meter, the positive voltage meter, and the power meter. The indication position of the value should not be greater than 1/1 of the calibration meter value. 8.4 Monitoring instruments of the calibration device
8.4.1 When using a standard voltmeter and a standard voltage meter, the monitoring positive voltage meter and the monitoring current meter can be installed:
3. The allowable measurement error of the calibration unit is the basic resistance of the load current, etc. 0.5g~1.2/
, which is the calibration error limit of the power station. 8.4.2 The calibration of the standard power meter is set to a constant power, and the calibration of the standard electric energy meter is used to measure the electric energy of the whole electric energy meter. The monitoring voltage meter and the monitoring ammeter are installed. The instrument should have sufficient measurement range, and the relative error should be better than 2% in the indication range. The measurement error of the electric meter and the ammeter should include the corrector, the full scale, the inductor, etc. III. Verification Items
9. Verification Items
9.1 Visual Inspection
9.2 Insulation Test
9.3 Creep Test
9.4 Starting Test
4.5 Influence of Power Input
9.6 Determination of Basic Error
IV. Verification Methods
10 Calibration Until
Each meter to be inspected shall be subject to external inspection, and a certain number of meters shall be randomly selected for internal inspection. J0.1 External Structure Inspection
The entire appearance of the meter teeth shall not have any obvious damage. , the tightness should be good. During the inspection, the following defects were found:
The mark is incomplete, the traces are unclear, the inscription is obviously slanted and damaged; the number 1 of the digital meter is above the window frame, the window mold is broken, the fixed button is not fixed or raised, there is a wiring diagram on the upper part, there is some rust, etc. 102 Internal inspection includes
The inside of the inspected electric energy meter should be clean, especially dust, impurities, etc.: The screws of the three parts should be tightened and there should be no embroidery: the wires are fixed or connected firmly, there is no added welding, cold welding, aging of the wires, etc. 11 Insulation test
Newly produced and high-end electric energy meters should undergo power frequency withstand test and monthly insulation measurement: Electric energy meters in use should only undergo insulation test during verification.
1E.1 Line pair withstand voltage test 11.1.1 Test voltage is selected according to Table 2. The test voltage is the actual working voltage. The AC voltage test device should be used. The high voltage test capacity should not be less than 1.5V. The test is completed. The lamp end must be connected to the gold plate, and the connecting wire screw must be fixed to the position of the maximum sound diameter conductor:
11.1.2 When conducting mutual insulation test: the voltage of the meter should be scanned together: the power supply should be connected together according to the circuit breakers. The working power supply should be connected together according to the circuit breakers. The test voltage should be between the voltage circuit and all the current circuits connected together, and the common circuits. 11.1.3 The test voltage should be increased steadily from 5 to 10s to the specified value, and last for 1min. Finally, the voltage should be reduced to the same value at the same speed: the test side should not produce power failure and breakdown. If power or sound is limited, it cannot be regarded as unqualified. 11.2 When testing the terminal resistance of the electric energy meter, the megohmmeter voltage should be applied to the part where the insulation performance test is performed: the test voltage is applied to the center of the test meter and then the indicated value on the megohmmeter is determined after passing through it for 1 nmn. The rated voltage of the megohmmeter is [kV and the range resistance is [kV]. The test results should comply with the provisions of 6.3. 12. During the dynamic test, the test parts shall meet the relevant provisions of Article 7. The current circuit of the electric energy meter has no current, the current input terminal circuit is torque circuit, and the voltage circuit is added with 1% of the rated voltage (the working voltage of the electric energy meter with power supply is the rated value]. The newly produced and processed electric energy meters shall also be added with 80% of the rated voltage. The rotation of the turntable of the electric energy meter shall exceed this rotation: the electric energy meter shall be tested for at least 20 minutes, and the counter of the electric energy meter shall not change more than one digit.
13. Starting test
The test parts shall meet the provisions of Article 7 of the test procedure, the voltage of the electric energy meter shall be added with the rated voltage, and the load current value of the current circuit shall not exceed 2% of the calibrated current. The electric energy meter counter is started and changed continuously, and the lowest bit of the counter shall not change by less than 1 digit within the time. t, determined by formula (1):
t - L4× 1982010: (nn)
Wherein: 1—the decimal point of the meter, when there is no decimal point, V=, V electric energy I rated current, V
—the calibrated current of the energy meter, A
the starting current error should not exceed 5%, 14.1 The negative cutoff value specified in Table 4 is an energy meter, ()
14.2 The energy meter should adopt the standard meter method, the dead method ：Under normal conditions of the measuring instrument, the rated method is used. Under the condition of ensuring the measurement accuracy, other methods not specified in the regulations are used. 14.1.1 Determine the basic error of the electric energy meter by the standard meter method 759bzxZ.net
afraid of moving the meter
Wu Zi type burning clothes
capsule 4 Yi determines the basic error of the electric energy meter. The document power that should be set when determining the basic error of the electric energy meter is n.2ib0.571.01.27b1.51
n..f.. 0.2h.. 0.sr.. 1.02.+ 1.2r,. 1.5t. Xu: Now according to the need, absorb its weight and can withstand. To determine the same rate of 4 models of electricity. The energy values measured by the standard meter and the meter under test at the same time are compared, and the energy error of the meter under test is determined according to (2):
In the formula: E.
6=Er-E
The value of the electric energy indicated by the standard meter, kw
The value of the electric energy indicated by the standard meter, kw.
When the method of measuring the impulse number sent by the standard meter is used to teach, the relative error of the meter under test is calculated according to formula (3): = 2 x 100 %
Comparison: n-
Actual measured pulse number:
Calculate the number of pulses, that is, the meter under test has no error. The counter changes N·digits. The number of pulses that the standard meter should send out.
When the meter under test is an electronic meter, wo is determined by formula (4): 360×10oNM
Counting error multiplier, 10 to the power;
Assume that the counter of the meter under test changes the legal integer number, digit: the number of pulses of the standard meter: J pulses,
The meter under test is an electric meter, determined by formula [5): 3600 ×1003 ×R
Wherein: R—
the selected number is based on the efficiency of the electric energy meter;
C—the energy decay constant of the meter being tested, r/kWh,
the calculated pulse sensitivity at each load factor shall not be less than that specified in Table 5, (4)
when the automatic method is used to control the numerical change of the meter counter or the number of dial revolutions, the numerical change of the selected input number (station revolution number) shall not be less than 2 digits (same); when the manual method is used to control, at the rated rate, the numerical change of the selected counter (or the number of dial revolutions) shall not be less than that specified in Table 5, when the load factor is not less than 5%, the number of digits (display number) can be reduced.
Table 5 Calculation of the corrected pulse number and the selected counting number] The lower limit value of the night electric energy fee is pushed by the pressure science
The corrected pulse number mo (any power number:
The selected effective number for setting the dynamic rate
The number is the corrected pulse number for the public electric energy meter in the calibration room, 14.2.2 The electric energy meter is controlled by the relative second method
25:25)
The original error of the electric energy meter is determined by the dead second method, and the standard zero meter (or standard stop meter, standard ammeter) can be used as the standard: 790
The standard bubble time is interpreted as the second standard, and the relative error of the calibration electric energy meter can be determined by formula (6): 5- :100%
Wu Zhong: To
Calculate the time (assuming that the test meter has an error, the time required for the electric energy meter to change a certain indication), 5
The time required for the counter of the tested electric energy meter to change a certain indication, ten standard measurement time is measured, 5T, the formula () calculation:
Here: -
T0 - 30×100XMxN(
The voltage (V) applied to the test meter, measured by the standard energy meter: The current (Λ) on the test meter: The standard ammeter measures: Ten counts, which is an integer power of 1;
One is the change in the number of the electric energy meter counter within the time, (6)
Use the standard power attenuation to measure the power on the grid to determine the common mode error, the formula () becomes the formula (8,:
Tα - 36mx 10g× M×N(s)
Wherein: P.
Add the power (W) on the tested watt-hour meter, measured by the standard watt-hour meter, other symbols are included in the formula (7) If the standard timer is used for dynamic control, the calculated time shall not be less than the specified value of 6, and the watt-hour under any load, the number of the counter shall not change by less than 2 digits. The accuracy of the calculated time of the auxiliary control is the same as that of the power consumption in the skin control.
Dancing time a
For electric watt-hour meters, the disk rotation diagram can be used to replace the past, and the calculated time is calculated by formula (9): 3 50000 ()
plus the actual power on the meter under test, called: the number of test energy meters, T/wh;
the number of revolutions of the meter dial, [.
automatic and standard measurement method, calculate the time when the meter number changes by one (or more than one) and the meter dial closes once (or more than one) to complete the time confirmation. The standard time measurement instrument shall not exceed the standard time measurement instrument 7, and the relative allowable change (%) of the standard time measurement instrument shall be within the standard time measurement instrument standard deviation
± 1.2
14.2.3 The setting error of the energy meter or the output meter shall be determined by the measurement method 1.1
() For the neutronic electric energy meter, the power-frequency conversion solution is adopted, and the pulse-controlled line indicator is used: the digital 791
frequency meter can be used to determine the error by the frequency measurement method. The error can be calculated by (where: —— is the actual measured frequency of the frequency meter [II]), that is, the frequency of the test meter at constant power:
-calculated constant frequency (H), that is, assuming that the test meter has no error, the frequency at constant power is calculated by formula (11):
+ = 36) x R(Hz)
Where: P is the actual average frequency of the drum test meter, given by the standard power meter (or by the standard voltage and current meter): the last digit of the counter represents the smallest electric energy digit, kW/digit: K
Division coefficient (the division number from the detection pulse to the last digit of the counter). U
is given by the number of detection pulses input to the mountain, and the fixed frequency F can be calculated by formula (12): FP
Number of detection pulses, J/pulse
（b） Check the electric energy value of the low-order number recorded by the meter. This inspection should be carried out at the same time as the basic error inspection under the conditions specified in Article 1 of the current procedure. (12)
The electric energy meter is under rated voltage and calibration voltage: measure the difference between the value before and after power-on. The product of the load power and the power-on time is equal to the difference between the counter's indication before and after power-on. The energy value K represented by the lowest digit of the counter is calculated by formula (13):
K= Nx 100× 300(kwb/T)
Wherein:
The rated current of the energy meter: V:
FThe rated current of the energy meter: A
T—The actual power-on time of the energy meter, 9: N—The difference between the indications before and after the energy meter is powered on, (IS)
The power-on time of the energy meter is not less than 15 minutes, and the measured K value should be the same as the calibration value (the error is less than the grade value
14.3 When the calibrated or normalized electric meter is used, the electric energy meter shall be operated at rated voltage and calibrated current, and the power-on time (not less than 15 seconds) and the indication of the counter before and after the power-on shall be recorded. The difference between the indication of the counter before and after the power-on shall be calculated by analyzing the power-on time. 14.+ When measuring the error of electric energy, at least two measurements shall be recorded at each load power. The data is then averaged. If the calculated relative error is equal to the allowable error of 80%-12%, another measurement should be carried out, and the average value of the five measured data should be taken as the evaluation result of the basic error. 15 Determination of the influence of input voltage
The test conditions should meet the provisions of Article 7 of the regulations. The rated voltage is added to the energy meter for research. 7%, 80%, 90%, 10%, 110%, 12%, 1% to %, respectively. The measured errors are divided into: 1, 2, 3.6, ...3.6, 1, 3.6, 1, 3.6, 1, 3.6, 1, 3.6, 1, 3.6, 1, 3.6, 1, 3.6, 1, 3.6, 1, 3.6, 1, 3 The adjustment is carried out according to the principle of teaching.
Table 8 Adjustment of relative adjustment difference
Attenuation control level
Adjustment distance
Judge whether the relative adjustment difference of DC energy table exceeds the allowable value, and take the result after adjustment as the reference. 2.5
16.2 The DC energy meter that meets the requirements of this regulation shall be stamped by the calibration unit: the qualified DC energy meter shall not be used immediately, and all the seals shall be removed.
16.3 The DC energy meter shall be inspected regularly, and the qualified ones shall be issued with "calibration certificate": the unqualified ones shall be issued with "calibration result notice". The DC energy meter that passes the initial inspection and the DC energy meter that passes the periodic inspection shall be issued with calibration certificates. The calibration cycle of all levels of DC energy meters in stable use shall not exceed 1 year. Appendix
Appendix 1 Standard instruments used in the calibration device
1 Standard energy meter
When the energy meter is calibrated by the standard meter method, the accuracy level of the standard meter shall not be lower than that specified in Table 1, and the calibration accuracy shall be the same as that of the standard meter. Electric fat check degree equal crack
divider current tracking said production 1 is
2 standard power meter
when using the watt-second method to calibrate the electric energy meter, the standard dynamic meter in the arc %T ~ 2 watt relative error reduction table 2 selection, table 2
set the stealing resistance standard has skin equal driving
standard power home attenuation * for recognition error (%)
rise H riding current reveal error selection (5)
when using digital electric Pressure gauge, rated value and calibration, the actual error of the digital car instrument should meet the requirements of Table 3. 705
Efficiency word convex state quantity fee chart within the actual except for the identification of "%; net five instrument change industry belt (%)
Excited with the measurement and safety of the principle (4)
Carbon acceptance of the standard acceptance table used: Table 1: Table 2, Table 3 is allowed to be different, but the difference in measurement error should comply with the provisions of this regulation 8.1.
Appendix 2 Evaluation method for the output voltage (current) stability of the test device 1 Output voltage (current): stability is the ratio of the maximum change of the output voltage (current) within the specified time to the average of ten voltage (current) measurement scenes.
2 Measurement method
1.1 Measurement is carried out under the following conditions:
2 At 70%, 101% of the rated value of the output voltage, and 2%, 101% of the actual calibration value of the current: the actual maximum load is known respectively. Actual load:
1. Test after the preheating time is reached. 2.2 Use a digital voltmeter (or other instrument) to measure the voltage (current) value of the calibration output, and measure it continuously for 20 minutes:
For devices that are calibrated by the standard meter method and can measure, the measurement time is not less than 5 minutes: For devices that use the 5-sand method (measurement method) as a calibration device, it is not less than 20 minutes.
2.3 Calculation of stability
4- u0 10n
S-- L - 100%
In formula (1) (2),
city () is the arithmetic mean of the measured data, 1
mx() is the most human value in,
U. (m) is the most common value in UI,
3-1, 2, 3, n
1b() -D(23
, (:) is the bad value to be divided,
2[,(,) - C(7)2],
in the output voltage (current: must be obtained in the concave group 5+, S value, the recorded large signal method is the old test equipment transmission voltage (electric sparse) stability is the qualified evaluation value. 7942 The DC energy meters that meet the requirements of this regulation shall be stamped by the calibration unit: unqualified DC energy meters are not allowed to be used immediately, and all seals shall be removed. 16.3 The DC energy meters shall be inspected regularly, and those that are qualified shall be issued with a "calibration certificate": those that are unqualified shall be issued with a "calibration result notice". The DC energy meters that pass the initial calibration and the DC energy meters that pass the periodic calibration shall be issued with a calibration certificate. The calibration cycle of all levels of DC energy meters in stable use shall not exceed 1 year. Appendix Appendix 1 Standard instruments used in calibration devices 1 Standard energy meters When the standard meter method is used to calibrate the energy meter, the accuracy level of the standard meter shall not be lower than that specified in Table 1. The calibration accuracy, etc. of the standard energy meters shall be checked. 1 is the splitter current trace of the product 1)
2 standard power meter
When the watt-second method is used to calibrate the electric energy meter, the standard dynamic meter is in the arc %T~2 watt relative error reduction table 2 selection, table 2
set the stealing resistance standard has the same skin driving
standard power home decay * for identification error (%)
rise H riding current reveal error selection (5)
When using a digital voltmeter, When the calibration is carried out, the actual error of the digital vehicle instrument shall meet the requirements of Table 3. 705
Efficiency word convex positive table state quantity fee diagram actual removal of the relevant "% net five instrument change industry belt (%)
Excited with the measurement and safety of the standard table used in the measurement (4)
Carbon acceptance: It is allowed to be different from Table 1: Table 2, Table 3, but the measurement error of the difference shall comply with the provisions of Section 8.1 of this regulation.
Appendix 2 Evaluation method for the output voltage (current) stability of the test device 1 Output voltage (current): stability is the ratio of the maximum change of the output voltage (current) within the specified time to the average of ten voltage (current) measurement scenes.
2 Measurement method
1.1 Measurement is carried out under the following conditions:
2 At 70%, 101% of the rated value of the output voltage, and 2%, 101% of the actual calibration value of the current: the actual maximum load is known respectively. Actual load:
1. Test after the preheating time is reached. 2.2 Use a digital voltmeter (or other instrument) to measure the voltage (current) value of the calibration output, and measure it continuously for 20 minutes:
For devices that are calibrated by the standard meter method and can measure, the measurement time is not less than 5 minutes: For devices that use the 5-sand method (measurement method) as a calibration device, it is not less than 20 minutes.
2.3 Calculation of stability
4- u0 10n
S-- L - 100%
In formula (1) (2),
city () is the arithmetic mean of the measured data, 1
mx() is the most human value in,
U. (m) is the most common value in UI,
3-1, 2, 3, n
1b() -D(23
, (:) is the bad value to be divided,
2[,(,) - C(7)2],
in the output voltage (current: must be obtained in the concave group 5+, S value, the recorded large signal method is the old test equipment transmission voltage (electric sparse) stability is the qualified evaluation value. 7942 The DC energy meters that meet the requirements of this regulation shall be stamped by the calibration unit: unqualified DC energy meters are not allowed to be used immediately, and all seals shall be removed. 16.3 The DC energy meters shall be inspected regularly, and those that are qualified shall be issued with a "calibration certificate": those that are unqualified shall be issued with a "calibration result notice". The DC energy meters that pass the initial calibration and the DC energy meters that pass the periodic calibration shall be issued with a calibration certificate. The calibration cycle of all levels of DC energy meters in stable use shall not exceed 1 year. Appendix Appendix 1 Standard instruments used in calibration devices 1 Standard energy meters When the standard meter method is used to calibrate the energy meter, the accuracy level of the standard meter shall not be lower than that specified in Table 1. The calibration accuracy, etc. of the standard energy meters shall be checked. 1 is the splitter current trace of the product)
2 standard power meter
When the watt-second method is used to calibrate the electric energy meter, the standard dynamic meter is in the arc %T~2 watt relative error reduction table 2 selection, table 2
set the stealing resistance standard has the same skin driving
standard power home decay * for identification error (%)
rise H riding current reveal error selection (5)
When using a digital voltmeter, When the calibration is carried out, the actual error of the digital vehicle instrument shall meet the requirements of Table 3. 705
Efficiency word convex positive table state quantity fee diagram actual removal of the relevant "% net five device change maintenance belt (%)
Excited with the measurement and safety of the principle (4)
Carbon acceptance of the standard acceptance table used: Table 1: Table 2, Table 3 is allowed to be different from the provisions, but the difference in measurement error shall comply with the provisions of Section 8.1 of this regulation.
Appendix 2 Evaluation method for the output voltage (current) stability of the test device 1 Output voltage (current): stability is the ratio of the maximum change of the output voltage (current) within the specified time to the average of ten voltage (current) measurement scenes.
2 Measurement method
1.1 Measurement is carried out under the following conditions:
2 At 70%, 101% of the rated value of the output voltage, and 2%, 101% of the actual calibration value of the current: the actual maximum load is known respectively. Actual load:
1. Test after the preheating time is reached. 2.2 Use a digital voltmeter (or other instrument) to measure the voltage (current) value of the calibration output, and measure it continuously for 20 minutes:
For devices that are calibrated by the standard meter method and can measure, the measurement time is not less than 5 minutes: For devices that use the 5-sand method (measurement method) as a calibration device, it is not less than 20 minutes.
2.3 Calculation of stability
4- u0 10n
S-- L - 100%
In formula (1) (2),
city () is the arithmetic mean of the measured data, 1
mx() is the most human value in,
U. (m) is the most common value in UI,
3-1, 2, 3, n
1b() -D(23
, (:) is the bad value to be divided,
2[,(,) - C(7)2],
in the output voltage (current: must be obtained in the concave group 5+, S value, the recorded large signal method is the old test equipment transmission voltage (electric sparse) stability is the qualified evaluation value. 794
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