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Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
JB/T7536-94
General Terms of Machinery Safety
Published on October 25, 1994
2 Ministry of Machinery Industry of the People's Republic of China
Implementation on October 1, 1995
Mechanical Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
General Terms of Machinery Safety
1 Subject Content and Scope of Application
This standard specifies general terms and definitions for machinery safety. This standard is applicable to safety terms such as production, scientific research and teaching in the machinery industry. 2 Basic Terms
2.1 Safety
The state or condition in which personnel are not injured or killed, and property is not lost or damaged. 2.2 Safety
The ability to avoid personal injury and property loss. 2.3
Safety Technology
The general term for technical measures taken to prevent casualties and eliminate the hazards of dangerous factors. Safety factor
JB/T7536—94
The ratio of the ultimate strength of parts and materials (or the rated working load of the whole machine) to the maximum allowable stress (or actual load) during use. 2.5
Safety system
An organic combination of various safety-related elements that can ensure the safety function of the product or system. 2.6
Reliability
The ability of the product to complete the specified function under specified conditions and within specified time. 2.7
Safety protection
Various protective measures taken to prevent the operator from accidentally entering a dangerous area or contacting harmful substances when working. 2.8Safety regulations
Administrative regulations formulated and enforced by the state or departments for the purpose of protecting personal and property safety. 2.9
Safety standards
Standards formulated for the purpose of protecting the safety of people and things. 2.10 Safety Assessment (Hazard Assessment)
Analyze and evaluate the potential hazards and their severity in the system, and make quantitative expressions with specified indicators, levels or rate values.
The possibility of personal injury or property loss, Hazard
The probability or possibility of causing harm or loss to people or property. 2.13 Dangerous state
The state and environment in which people and property face or are in one or more dangerous factors, damage
Partial destruction of objects.
Approved by the Ministry of Machinery Industry on October 25, 1994
Implemented on October 1, 1995
2.15 Loss
Priceless consumption or loss of property.
2.16 Damage
Human physical and mental health is harmed.
2.17 Disaster
JB/T 753694
Number of casualties and/or large amount of property losses caused by natural or man-made reasons. Industrial injury
Personal injury or acute poisoning of operators during production and labor. 2.19
Occupational disease
Disease caused by occupational hazards to operators (must comply with national regulations and be diagnosed by designated medical institutions). Accident
Sudden unexpected event that causes personal injury or property damage and affects the normal production process. Fault
The system is in a state where it cannot complete the specified functions during operation. 2.22 Dangerous fault
A certain fault in the system that produces a dangerous state. 2.23 Fault protection state (minimum dangerous fault) An ideal state in which the safety function remains unchanged when a part of the system fails (the safety function is actually reduced when this state is reached due to the influence of the fault).
2.24 Attempted accidents
Accidents that have occurred and may have caused casualties or property losses but in fact did not have such consequences. 2.251
Accident hazards
Potential risk factors that may cause accidents at any time, such as the dangerous state of objects, unsafe behaviors of people, and management defects. 2.26
Mechanical injuries
Accidents that cause injuries to the human body due to the mechanical movement of equipment or tools, such as strangulation, cutting, cutting, cutting and collision. Occupational hazards
Injuries to the body caused by the dangerous factors and harmful factors unique to the work or working environment of the operator. 2.28
Hazard factors
Factors that can cause personal injury, sudden damage to property, 2.29 Harmful factors
Factors that can affect people's health and cause diseases or cause chronic damage to objects. 2.301
Occupational safety
Safety status or condition of the operator in production activities related to his work or production environment. Intrinsic safety
Relying on the safety design of the product's own structure to ensure its safety and reliability, even if failures and misoperation occur during use, no injury accidents will occur.
2.32 Mechanical safety
The machine does not cause harm or injury to the human body when the product is operated according to the instruction manual under the intended use conditions and during transportation, installation, maintenance, commissioning, disassembly and cleaning.
2.33 Risk
The combination of the probability and degree of damage to health or property loss that may occur in a dangerous state. 2.34 Risk assessment
Evaluation and prediction of the probability and degree of casualties or property loss that may occur in a dangerous state. 2
2.35 Human-machine engineering
JB/T753694
Study the physiological and psychological characteristics of human beings and apply them to the design of human-machine-environment system, so that human, machine and environment can be coordinated and matched with each other to achieve the purpose of high efficiency, safety and comfort. It is also called ergonomics. 3 Safety protection termswww.bzxz.net
3.1 Mechanical hazards
The state of equipment and tools in operation under certain conditions, which may cause harm to human body or damage equipment, tools and workpieces due to mechanical energy transfer.
3.2 Danger point
A very limited range of countries where the possibility of danger is expected to be extremely high. Dangerous part
The part on equipment and tools that can cause human harm. 3.4
Dangerous area
A space inside or (and) around the machine that is prone to accidents or damage to health. Dangerous moment
The time interval of operation when the dangerous part or dangerous point of the machine enters the state that can cause harm to human body. Safety distance
The minimum distance to prevent human body from touching the dangerous parts of machinery. Safety tool
Special tool that can replace human to operate or troubleshoot in dangerous parts or dangerous areas. 3.8 Safety color
A trembling color that expresses safety information, indicating prohibition, warning, instruction, prompt, etc. 3.95
Safety sign
It is composed of safety color, geometric figures and graphic symbols, etc., to express specific safety information. Warning sign
A kind of safety sign, warning people to pay attention to danger. 3.11
Safety device
A device that can eliminate or reduce danger, which can be used in conjunction with protective devices. It can control the dangerous parts in operation without causing accidents. 3.11.1 Interlocking device
A mechanical, electrical and other types of devices that prevent machine parts from running under specified conditions (generally as long as the protective device is not closed).
3.11.2 Emergency brake device
A safety device that immediately brakes the dangerous parts of the machine when an accident is about to happen or has already happened. 3.11.3 Two-hand weaving device
A stop-motion control device that requires two manual operators to operate simultaneously to start the machine and keep it running. 3.11.4 Limiter
A safety device that prevents the machine or machine parts from running beyond the design limit (space limit, load limit, etc.). 3.11.5 Emergency switch
An operator that can disconnect the power supply nearby in the event of an accident. 3.11.6
Disconnecting device
A device that stops the machine or machine parts from running when a person or a part of the human body exceeds the safety limit. 3.12 Protective device
A height-isolating device that uses physical obstacles to prevent people from approaching dangerous points, entering dangerous areas or touching dangerous parts. 3
3.12.1 Protective cover
JB/T753694
Isolation device that fully or partially encloses dangerous parts. 3.12.2 Guardrail
A rod-shaped, fence-shaped or plate-shaped fence that prevents human body or limbs from entering the dangerous area and touching the dangerous parts. 4 Safety operation terms
4.1 Safety responsibilities
Safety responsibilities and obligations that relevant departments or individuals should bear within the scope of their job responsibilities. 4.2 Self-protection
The formation of the operator's personal safety awareness, prompting him to consciously abide by the operating procedures in the production process and take the initiative to prevent dangerous factors.
4.3 Unsafe behavior
Actions or instructions that can lead to accidents. 4.3.1. Illegal command
The behavior of managers failing to perform safety duties and forcing workers to perform illegal operations in violation of relevant national safety regulations and standards. 4.3.2 Illegal operation
The behavior of violating occupational safety regulations and safety operating procedures in production. 4.3.3 Illegal drumming
The behavior of using products that do not comply with safety operating procedures and relevant labor protection supplies in production. 4.3.4 Operational error
The operator is affected by subjective and objective factors and causes erroneous operations that deviate from the normal operating range or procedures. 4.3.5. Improper coordination
Two (or more) people operate an operation object at the same time, and due to the lack of unified instructions and information transmission errors between each other, they violate the unsafe operation procedures.
4.4 Dangerous operation
Operation that may cause personal injury or death or cause major accidents, such as high-altitude operation, live operation, blasting operation, dramatic operation, and shooting operation.
4.5 Overlimit
The phenomenon that the equipment is operated beyond the provisions of safety regulations and standards or beyond the rated allowable range. 4.6 Safety supervision
For immediately dangerous operations and operations that may cause injuries due to misoperation by others, a supervisor is appointed to supervise the power switch and the operation site to prevent accidents.
Fault restart
The phenomenon that the transmission parts of the equipment suddenly start during the process of stopping to eliminate equipment failures. 4.8 Unexpected start
Unpredictable sudden start.
5 Safety management terms
Safety management
The general term for a series of activities that managers plan, organize, command, coordinate and control production safety. Safety education
Educate and train employees on safety knowledge such as safety technology, safety regulations, systems, and operating procedures. 5.3 System safety analysis
JB/T7536-94
is a method for checking, diagnosing and predicting the safety of production systems (equipment, process procedures, environment, personnel). 5.4 Accident tree
Draw the factors involved in the accident process into a directed logical system diagram from result to cause according to their interrelated causal relationship.
5.5 Accident tree analysis
Use mathematical methods such as graphical analysis of accident trees and logical algebraic operations to conduct qualitative and quantitative safety analysis of system failures or accidents.
5.6 Safety evaluation
Comprehensively apply the principles of system engineering to scientifically predict and evaluate the dangers of people, machines, objects and environment in the system. 5.7 Safety management evaluation
Evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of the safety management work of the enterprise and the perfection of the organizational management measures to prevent accidents in accordance with the enterprise's safety management system.
5.8 Work Environment Evaluation
Evaluate the safety and health status and conditions of the places and surrounding spaces where operators engage in production activities. 5.9 Safety Target Management
The person in charge of enterprise safety work shall formulate the overall goal of enterprise safety work based on the requirements of superiors and the specific situation of the unit and fully absorb the opinions of the masses. Then it will be carried out layer by layer and implemented step by step to form an all-round, full-process and multi-level target management system. Accident Management
Register, count, investigate and handle accidents, analyze the causes of accidents, propose ways to prevent accidents and establish accident management files.
Safety Supervision
The process of trade unions or the masses assisting and urging administrative leaders to effectively implement the national policies, regulations and tea cases related to production safety.
Safety Supervision
Monitor the operating conditions of workers on site in a certain way to timely discover unsafe behaviors and avoid major accidents. Safety supervision
The process of mandatory enforcement of various safety regulations by enterprises, institutions, etc., by an institution authorized by the state in accordance with national laws and regulations.
5.14 Comprehensive safety management
Based on the daily optimization principle of the system integrity principle, with safety decision-making as an important means, taking safety production as a system, applying safety engineering technology during the system life cycle, analyzing and eliminating the defects of various factors in the system and the dangers that may cause disasters, so that the system can achieve the best safety state in terms of efficiency and cost. 5.15
Safety measures
Related management measures and technical measures taken to eliminate dangerous factors in the production process, prevent injuries and occupational hazards, improve working conditions and ensure production safety.
Additional notes:
This standard is proposed and managed by the Standardization Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry. This standard is issued by the Standardization Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, Jiangsu Provincial Machinery Industry Department, Wuhan Machinery Industry Bureau, Beijing No. 1 Machine Tool Factory, Xuzhou Machinery Bureau, and Wuhan Boiler Factory.14 Comprehensive safety management
Based on the principle of daily optimization of the system integrity principle, with safety decision-making as an important means, taking safe production as a system, applying safety engineering technology within the system life cycle, analyzing and eliminating the defects of various factors in the system and the dangers that may cause disasters, so that the system can achieve the best safety state in terms of efficiency, cost, etc. 5.15
Safety measures
Related management measures and technical measures taken to eliminate dangerous factors in the production process, prevent injuries and occupational hazards, improve working conditions and ensure production safety.
Additional notes:
This standard is proposed and managed by the Standardization Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry. This standard was issued by the Standardization Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, Jiangsu Provincial Machinery Industry Department, Wuhan Machinery Industry Bureau, Beijing No. 1 Machine Tool Factory, Xuzhou Machinery Bureau, and Wuhan Boiler Factory.14 Comprehensive safety management
Based on the principle of daily optimization of the system integrity principle, with safety decision-making as an important means, taking safe production as a system, applying safety engineering technology within the system life cycle, analyzing and eliminating the defects of various factors in the system and the dangers that may cause disasters, so that the system can achieve the best safety state in terms of efficiency, cost, etc. 5.15
Safety measures
Related management measures and technical measures taken to eliminate dangerous factors in the production process, prevent injuries and occupational hazards, improve working conditions and ensure production safety.
Additional notes:
This standard is proposed and managed by the Standardization Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry. This standard was issued by the Standardization Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, Jiangsu Provincial Machinery Industry Department, Wuhan Machinery Industry Bureau, Beijing No. 1 Machine Tool Factory, Xuzhou Machinery Bureau, and Wuhan Boiler Factory.
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